JP2006501962A - 反応型ナノ粒子および殺生物剤を含む汚染浄化システム - Google Patents
反応型ナノ粒子および殺生物剤を含む汚染浄化システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP2006501962A JP2006501962A JP2004543543A JP2004543543A JP2006501962A JP 2006501962 A JP2006501962 A JP 2006501962A JP 2004543543 A JP2004543543 A JP 2004543543A JP 2004543543 A JP2004543543 A JP 2004543543A JP 2006501962 A JP2006501962 A JP 2006501962A
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- 231100000167 toxic agent Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【解決手段】活性型ナノ粒子(例えば、金属酸化物、水酸化物およびこれらの混合物)および一つかより多くの殺生物剤、およびナノ粒子と殺生物剤用の液状担体が含まれる。製品は地域汚染浄化用にスプレー、霧剤、エアロゾル、ペースト、ゲル、拭き取り剤あるいは泡剤に形成することができ、反応型ナノ粒子の存在が望ましくない化学ないし生物化合物や物質の中和を促進する。ナノ粒子はアルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、遷移金属、アクチニドおよびランタニドの酸化物、水酸化物およびこれらの混合物を含む群からのものがよい。形状としては、Al、Ca、Ce、Mg、Sr、Sn、TiおよびZnの酸化物および水酸化物で単結晶の大きさが約20nmまで、表面積が少なくとも15m2/gのものを使用するのが好ましい。
Description
<実施例1>
パラオクソン試験は本来のSandia泡溶液に対して、ナノ粒子MgO/SandiaおよびCaO/Sandia泡溶液製品の化学的反応性を検証するために用いられた。神経作用物質の類似品であるパラオクソンの消滅はパラオクソンの268nm近辺の非常に特徴的な特性を紫外線−可視光線分光計を用いてモニターすることにより行った。これらの試験において、200mlのペンタンを丸底フラスコに入れ4μlのパラオクソンを加えて溶解した。次いでそれぞれの試験溶液4gをフラスコに加え、120分の間、2分および20分間隔で走査を行った。同量のSandia泡剤溶液も比較のため検証した。図1に各サンプルの時間に対するパラオクソン存在量を示す。すべてのSandia/ナノ粒子製品のパラオクソン帯域の吸収はゼロとなり完全な吸着を示している。Sandia泡剤溶液のみは効果がほど遠く、パラオクソン減少の反応速度はナノ粒子/Sandia泡剤溶液混合製品群に比べて大幅に遅かった。
本来の泡剤に対するナノ粒子MgOおよびCaO/Sandia泡剤製品の化学反応性を2−クロロエチル エチルサルファイド(2−CEES、マスタードガス類似品)の吸着および破壊吸着をガスクロマトグラフ質量分析計(GCMS)でモニターすることにより検証した。この検証において、4ドラムガラス瓶に100mgのMgO/Sandia泡剤溶液およびCaO/Sandia泡剤溶液に対し10wt%(物質/エマルジョン x 100)の2−CEESを入れた。混合物はフタをして20秒間乱流混合した。反応は室温、大気圧で2時間行なった。2時間後、各系に抽出溶媒(2−CEESにはn−ヘキサン)10mlを加え反応ガラス瓶を20分間超音波処理し、次いで相を分離するため5分間遠心分離した。各処方から5mlを分取し、内部標準(n−デカン)5μlを加えた。その後各抽出物をGC/MSで分析した。
バチルス・サブチラス芽胞 による 生体膜試験はMgO/Sandia泡剤溶液の生物学的活動を判定するために行った。各試験用と対照用のニトロセルロース膜を60x13mmの無菌ペトリ皿に置き、200μLのバチルス・サブチラス芽胞溶液(1.5x104)を接種し1時間放置して乾燥した。乾燥後、それぞれの膜に、MgO/Sandia泡剤溶液5mlと、同量のSandia泡剤溶液製品を接種し、そして蒸留水に入れこれに浸した。30分後、60分後にサンプルをとった。希望する接触時間到達後、泡剤製品を除き、生体膜を10mlの無菌リン酸塩バッファー溶液で洗い芽胞を抽出した。10分経過後、PBS溶液200μLを寒天培地に貼り付け(3重ね)、37℃で24時間培養した。群生数を数え対照と比較してパーセント死滅値および対数死滅値を判定した。結果は30分および60分の両方で100%死滅値がSandia泡剤溶液およびMgO/Sandia泡剤溶液で検出され、対数死滅値4の推定削減が得られた(表1参照)。ナノ粒子/Sandia泡剤溶液の混合物がSandia泡剤溶液単独と同様に良好に作用したことは、ナノ粒子の存在が生物的死滅効果の効率を抑制しなかったことを示している。
パラオクソン試験は元来のHFF溶媒に対するナノ粒子MgO/HFFおよびCaO/HFF溶液の化学反応性を検証するために用いられた。パラオクソンの消滅は268nmで紫外線−可視光線分光計を用いて実施例1に述べたのと同様の手順でモニターした。図2にブランク、MgO/HFF7100およびCaO/HFF7100サンプルの時間に対するパラオクソン存在量を示す。MgO/HFF7100およびCaO/HFF7100溶液は活性が強く、短時間の間にほとんどのパラオオクソンを破壊していることが判明した(図2参照)。
MgO/HFF7100およびCaO/HFF7100溶液および元来のHFF7100溶媒の化学反応性を2−クロロエチルエチル・サルファイド(2−CEES)および挑戦物質ジメチルメチルホスホネート(DMMP)の吸着および破壊吸着をGCMSでモニターし、実施例1に述べた方法を用いて検証した。
各試験用のニトロセルロース膜に200μlの植物葉面細菌を一晩接種し、次いで約1時間膜を放置して乾燥した。乾燥後、各々の膜にMgO/HFE7100またはCaO/HFE7100ナノ粒子溶液5mlを接種した。種々の時間間隔でサンプルを採った。希望する接触時間経過後、膜は10mlのPBSでゆすいで10分間抽出した。それから各々の最終溶液200μlを寒天培地に貼り付け、37℃で24時間培養した。群生数を数え対照と比較してパーセント死滅値を判定した。「表3」に見るとおり、ナノ粒子含有溶液は植物葉面細菌に対し極めて高い殺生物活性を持っている。双方の溶液とも、45分後で100%の効果があった。しかしながら、CaO/HFE7100ナノ粒子溶液では15分の時間間隔で100%死滅値を達成した。
<実施例3>
パラオクソン試験はナノ粒子なしの対照エマルジョンに対するMgOおよびCaOエマルジョンの化学反応性を検証するために用いられた。用いた試験の手順は実施例1に記載されている。「図3」はサンプルの時間に対するパラオクソン量を示す。MgOおよびCaOエマルジョンがナノ粒子のないブランクエマルジョンよりずっと高いパーセントのパラオクソンを破壊したことが判った。この検証はエマルジョンが準備されてから2週間後にナノ粒子MgOで繰り返されたが、同じ結果が得られた。
バチルス・サブチラス芽胞 による 生体膜試験は実施例1に記載した方法を用いてナノ粒子CaOおよびZnOエマルジョンの生物学的活動を判定するために行った。「表・4」に見るとおり、CaOエマルジョン(7:1)、Ca(OH)2エマルジョンおよびZnOエマルジョンは接触24時間後に98.9〜100%と高い死滅値を産み出した。
Claims (32)
- 次のものを含む汚染浄化製品:
金属酸化物類、金属水酸化物類、およびこれらの混合物を含む群から選択される所定量のナノ粒子;
殺生物剤;および
前記ナノ粒子と殺生物剤用の液状担体。 - 前記ナノ粒子がアルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、遷移金属、アクチニドおよびランタニドの酸化物類および水酸化物類およびこれらの混合物を含む群から選択される請求項1の製品。
- 前記ナノ粒子がAl、Ca、Ce、Mg、Sr、Sn、Ti、およびZnの酸化物類および水酸化物類およびこれらの混合物を含む群から選択される請求項2の製品。
- 前記ナノ粒子がMg、Ca、Al、Ti、およびZnの酸化物類および水酸化物類およびこれらの混合物を含む群から選択される請求項3の製品。
- 前記ナノ粒子が単結晶子または多結晶子の集合体から構成され、そのサイズが約20nmまでの請求項1の製品。
- 前記結晶子の平均サイズが約2〜10nmの請求項5の製品。
- 前記ナノ粒子が単結晶子または多結晶子の集合体から構成され、そのBET表面積が少なくとも約15m2/gある請求項1の製品。
- 前記表面積が約20〜1200m2/gである請求項7の製品。
- 前記表面積が約90〜600m2/gである請求項8の製品。
- 前記殺生物剤が殺生物的活性過酸化物類、モノおよび多官能性のアルコール類、アルデヒド類、酸類、オゾン、ナフサ化合物類、およびアルカリ金属、遷移金属、第3類金属または第4類金属、硫黄、窒素、あるいはハロゲン原子を含む化合物類を含む群から選択される請求項1の製品。
- 前記殺生物剤が、ホルムアルデヒド、グルタルアルデヒド、過酢酸、過酸化水素、アルコール類、アルカリ金属次亜鉛素酸塩類、第4アンモニウム化合物類、2−アミノ−2−メチル−1−プロパノール、臭化セチルトリメチルアミン、塩化セチルピリジニウム、2,4,4−トリクロロ−2−ヒドロキシジフェニルエーテル、1−(4−クロロフェニル)−3−(3,4−ジクロロフェニル)尿素、酸化亜鉛、リシノール酸亜鉛、ペンタクロロフェノール、ナフテン酸銅、酸化トリブチル錫、ジクロロフェン、p−ニトロフェノール、p−クロロ−m−キシレノール、ベータ−ナフトール、2,3,5,6−テトラクロロ−4−(メチルスルホニル)−ピリジン、サリチルアニリド、ブロム酢酸、アルキル第4アンモニウムアセテート、エチル水銀チオサリチル酸ナトリウム、オルトフェニル石炭酸ナトリウム、n−アルキル(C12〜C18)塩化ジメチル・ベンジル・アンモニウム、有機ホウ酸塩類、2,2−(1−メチルトリメチレンジオキシ)−ビス−(4−メチル−1,3,2−ジオキサボリナン)、2,2−オキシビス(4,4,6−トリメチル)−1,3,2−ジオキサボリナン、エチレングリコール・モノメチルエーテル、パラヒドロキシ・ベンゾエート類、有機ホウ素化合物類、8−ヒドロキシキノリン、ペンタクロロ石炭酸ナトリウム、塩化ジメチルエチルアルキルベンジル・アンモニウム、2−ピリジンチオール−1−オキシドのアルキルアンモニウム塩類、1,3,5−トリエチルヘキサヒドロ−1,3,5−トリアジン、クロム酸ストロンチウム、ハロゲン化フェノール類、2−ブロモ−4−フェニルフェノール、硝酸銀、塩化銀、酸化銀、単体銀を含む銀塩類、有機過酸化物類、スルファジアジン銀、ジクロロ−s−トリアジントリオンナトリウム、ジハイドレート−4−クロロ−2−シクロ−ヘキサフェノール、2−クロロ−4−ニトロフェノール、パラフィン置換体類、3−クロロ−3−ニトロ−2−ブタノール、ステアリン酸2−クロロ−2−ニトロ−1−ブタノール、2−クロロ−2−ニトロブチルアセテート、4−クロロ−4ニトロ−3−ヘキサノール、1−クロロ−1−ニトロ−1−プロパノール、2−クロロ−2−ニトロ−1−プロパノール、塩化トリエチルチン、2,4,5−トリクロロフェノール、2,4,6−トリクロロフェノール、2,2−チオビス(3,4,6−トリクロロフェノール)、1,3−ジクロロ−5,5−ジメチルヒダントイン、トリス(ヒドキシ−メチル)ニトロメタン、ニトロパラフィン類、2−ニトロ−2−エチル−1,3−プロパンジオール20、2−ニトロ−2−エチル−1,3−プロパンジオール、2−ニトロ−2−メチル−1,3−プロパンジオール、ヘキサヒドロ−1,3,5−トリス(2−ヒドロキシ−エチル)−s−トリアジン、1,3,5−トリス(テトラヒドロ−2−フラニル)−メチル−ヘキサヒドロ−s−トリアジン、メチルビスチオシアネート、2,2−ジブロモ−3−ニトリロプロピオンアミド、β−ブロモ−β−ニトロスチレン、フッ化化合物類、N−エチル−N−メチル−4−(トリフルオロメチル)−2−(3,4−ヂメトキフェニル)ベンズアミド、ペンタクロロフェノール、ジクロロフェン、オルトフェニルフェノール、ジ−バイシクロ−(3,1,1または2,2,1)−ヘプチル、および、ジ−バイシクロ−(3,1,1または2,2,1)−ヘプテニル・ポリアミン類およびこれらの混合物を含む群から選択される請求項10の製品。
- 前記担体が溶媒類、分散剤類およびエマルジョン系類を含む群から選択される請求項1の製品。
- 前記溶媒類が水溶性、非水溶性溶媒類を含む群から選択される請求項12の製品。
- 前記エマルジョン系類が相当量の油、水、界面活性剤を含む請求項12の製品。
- 前記ナノ粒子が重量で約0.1〜40%のレベルで存在する請求項1の製品。
- 前記ナノ粒子が重量で約1〜10%のレベルで存在する請求項15の製品。
- 前記殺生物剤が重量で約0.001〜10%のレベルで存在する請求項1の製品。
- 前記殺生物剤が重量で約0.01〜5%のレベルで存在する請求項17の製品。
- 前記担体が重量で約50〜99.9%のレベルで存在する請求項1の製品。
- 前記担体が重量で約85〜99%のレベルで存在する請求項19の製品。
- 前記製品を使用するために液状、スプレー、霧状、エアロゾル、ペースト、ゲル、拭き取りあるいは泡状に形成される請求項1の製品。
- 前記製品を使用するためにスプレーあるいは泡状に形成される請求項21の製品。
- 地域を汚染浄化する方法で、その地域に請求項1に記載の製品を適用する処置を含む地域を汚染浄化する方法。
- 前記適用する処置が約−50〜300℃の温度で実施される請求項23の方法。
- 前記適用する処置が前記製品を液状、スプレー、霧状、エアロゾル、ペースト、ゲル、拭き取りあるいは泡状で適用する処置を含む請求項23の方法。
- 前記適用する処置が前記製品を液状あるいは泡状で適用する処置を含む請求項25の方法。
- 汚染浄化装置で、請求項1に記載の製品を所定量保有するコンテナーとこれから前記製品を所定の用途に用いるため、このコンテナーと動作可能なように連結されたアプリケータが付いたコンテナーを含む汚染浄化装置。
- 前記アプリケータがスプレーノズル、霧化ノズル、泡ノズル、ペーストアプリケータ、ゲルアプリケータ、拭き取りアプリケータを含む群から選択される請求項27の装置。
- 前記製品が前記コンテナーまたは加圧可能なコンテナー内で加圧される請求項27の装置。
- 前記圧力が約0〜250psiのレベルである請求項29の装置。
- 高圧ガスを前記コンテナー内に含む請求項30の装置。
- 前記高圧ガスがN2、希ガス類、二酸化炭素、空気、揮発性炭化水素類、フルオロカーボン類、ヒドロフルオロカーボン類、およびこれらの混合物を含む群から選択される請求項31の装置。
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US10/267,986 US6827766B2 (en) | 2002-10-08 | 2002-10-08 | Decontaminating systems containing reactive nanoparticles and biocides |
PCT/US2003/031911 WO2004032624A2 (en) | 2002-10-08 | 2003-10-02 | Decontaminating systems containing reactive nanoparticles and biocides |
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US (1) | US6827766B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1560486A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2006501962A (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2003291633A1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2501804A1 (ja) |
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EP1560486A2 (en) | 2005-08-10 |
AU2003291633A1 (en) | 2004-05-04 |
EP1560486A4 (en) | 2010-03-24 |
IL167915A (en) | 2009-02-11 |
WO2004032624A3 (en) | 2004-07-01 |
US6827766B2 (en) | 2004-12-07 |
US20040067159A1 (en) | 2004-04-08 |
CA2501804A1 (en) | 2004-04-22 |
WO2004032624A2 (en) | 2004-04-22 |
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