JP2006296407A - Method for producing fermented beverage using yeast extract - Google Patents
Method for producing fermented beverage using yeast extract Download PDFInfo
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- JP2006296407A JP2006296407A JP2005175782A JP2005175782A JP2006296407A JP 2006296407 A JP2006296407 A JP 2006296407A JP 2005175782 A JP2005175782 A JP 2005175782A JP 2005175782 A JP2005175782 A JP 2005175782A JP 2006296407 A JP2006296407 A JP 2006296407A
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、酵母エキスを用いることを特徴とする、非麦穀物を原料とした発酵飲料の製造方法に関する。中でも、コーンを原料としたビールテイスト飲料に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for producing a fermented beverage using non-wheat grains as a raw material, wherein a yeast extract is used. In particular, it relates to beer-taste beverages made from corn.
従来から、ビールテイスト飲料など発酵飲料において未発芽穀物原料100%使用で醸造する試みがしばしば行われてきている。しかしこれは従来のビールや発泡酒の仕込みと異なっており、麦芽に内在する酵素(例えばアミラーゼ類やプロテアーゼ類)が含まれておらず、それぞれ外部からの数種の酵素を組み合わせて作用させる必要があった。 Conventionally, attempts have been frequently made to brew with 100% ungerminated grain raw materials in fermented beverages such as beer-taste beverages. However, this is different from conventional beer and happoshu preparations and does not contain any enzymes (such as amylases or proteases) that are inherent in the malt. was there.
上記の方法で製造した糖化液は、外部酵素の反応が充分に働かず、発酵工程での酵母の栄養源である糖類やアミノ酸類が発酵に必要な目的の量に達しない場合も生じる可能性があった。中でもとうもろこしは特にタンパクの分解が困難であることから、発酵飲料の原料として用いることは困難であった。 The saccharified solution produced by the above method may not be able to react sufficiently with the external enzyme, and the saccharides and amino acids that are the nutrient source of yeast in the fermentation process may not reach the target amount required for fermentation. was there. Among them, corn is particularly difficult to use as a raw material for fermented beverages because it is difficult to decompose proteins.
そこでこの不具合を解消するために本発明者らは、穀物原料から、デンプン画分とタンパク質画分を分画し、両画分をそれぞれ外部酵素で処理して、デンプン分解物およびタンパク分解物としてから、それらを組み合わせて仕込み液の原料として用いれば、仕込工程での不具合が解消することを見出し、特願2005−80708として出願している。 Therefore, in order to solve this problem, the present inventors fractionated the starch fraction and the protein fraction from the grain raw material, and treated both fractions with an external enzyme to obtain a starch degradation product and a protein degradation product, respectively. Therefore, it has been found that if these are combined and used as a raw material for the charging solution, the problem in the charging process is solved, and the application has been filed as Japanese Patent Application No. 2005-80708.
しかしながら、デンプン分解物およびタンパク分解物を主原料として発酵飲料を製造するときは、発酵が十分に進みにくいので、その問題を解決することが要望されている。
一方、ビタミンやミネラルを豊富に含む原料として、酵母エキスが知られている。
On the other hand, yeast extract is known as a raw material rich in vitamins and minerals.
本発明は、コーン等の穀物を分画加工した原料を使用して発酵飲料を製造する際、十分な発酵が行われる技術を提供することを目的とする。
〔課題を解決するための手段〕
An object of this invention is to provide the technique in which sufficient fermentation is performed when manufacturing fermented drinks using the raw material which fraction-processed grain, such as corn.
[Means for solving the problems]
本発明者らは、原料として、コーン等の穀物を分画加工した原料を使用した場合にも十分な発酵を得る方法を追求した。その結果、穀物を分画加工した原料は酵母の増殖発酵に必要なビタミンやミネラルが欠乏していることをつきとめた。そこで更に、ビタミンやミネラルを補うことができ、しかも、ビールテイスト飲料の香味などの品質に悪影響を及ぼさない発酵助剤を鋭意検討した。 The present inventors have sought a method for obtaining sufficient fermentation even when a raw material obtained by fractionating corn or the like is used as a raw material. As a result, it was found that the raw material obtained by fractional processing of grains lacks vitamins and minerals necessary for yeast fermentation. Therefore, the inventors further studied fermentative aids that can supplement vitamins and minerals and that do not adversely affect the quality of beer-taste beverages.
その結果、発酵助剤として、一定の要件を満たす酵母エキスを選択することで、発酵飲料の製造には僅かしか使用できないと考えられていた酵母エキスを主な発酵助剤として用いて、ビタミンやミネラルの欠乏による発酵不良を解消しつつ、香味などの品質に優れたビールテイスト飲料を提供できることを見出した。 As a result, by selecting a yeast extract that satisfies certain requirements as a fermentation aid, the yeast extract, which was thought to be used only slightly in the production of fermented beverages, can be used as a main fermentation aid. The present inventors have found that beer-taste beverages with excellent quality such as flavor can be provided while eliminating poor fermentation due to lack of minerals.
すなわち、コーン等の穀物を分画加工した原料を使用した発酵飲料の製造においては、従来の酵母エキスの使用量よりも遥かに大量の酵母エキスが必要であるが、本発明によれば、特定の要件として、「低塩化ナトリウム含量」、「低濁度」、および「低酵母臭」の少なくとも一つ、好ましくは全部を満たす酵母エキスを穀物原料の発酵飲料の主要な発酵促進剤として使用することにより、酵母エキスの酵母増殖発酵促進剤としての機能を十分に発揮させながら、香味品質を損なわない、高嗜好度の発酵飲料を完成させるに至った。
〔発明の効果〕
酵母エキスはビタミンやミネラルを豊富に含み、ビール等の発酵飲料製造のための発酵助剤として用いられる場合はあったが、発酵臭が強いため、水を除く発酵原料に対して、0.01重量%を超えて使用されることはなかった。これに対して、本発明により特定された一定の要件を備えた酵母エキスを主な発酵助剤として用いれば、穀物原料を分画加工した原料を発酵原料として使用する発酵飲料の製造において、酵母増殖発酵を良好ならしめ、しかも香味品質を損なわない高嗜好度のビールテイスト飲料を提供することが出来る。
That is, in the production of fermented beverages using raw materials obtained by fractionating corn and other grains, a much larger amount of yeast extract is required than the amount of conventional yeast extract used. The yeast extract satisfying at least one, preferably all, of “low sodium chloride content”, “low turbidity”, and “low yeast odor” is used as a main fermentation accelerator for fermented beverages of cereal raw materials. This has led to the completion of a high-preference fermented beverage that does not impair the flavor quality while fully exerting the function of the yeast extract as a yeast growth fermentation promoter.
〔The invention's effect〕
Yeast extract is rich in vitamins and minerals, and was sometimes used as a fermentation aid for the production of beer and other fermented beverages. It was never used beyond. On the other hand, if yeast extract having certain requirements specified by the present invention is used as a main fermentation aid, yeast in the production of fermented beverages using raw materials obtained by fractionating grain raw materials as fermentation raw materials. It is possible to provide a beer-taste beverage having a high degree of preference that makes growth fermentation good and does not impair the flavor quality.
酵母エキス
本発明でいう酵母エキスは、酵母を自己の酵素もしくは外来生物由来の酵素によりタンパク分解反応を施し濃縮して得たものをいう。または、酵母を酸などによる化学的タンパク分解反応を施して得ることもできる。酵母の菌種はとくに限定されないが、Saccharomyces属に由来する酵母であることが好ましい。
Yeast extract The yeast extract as referred to in the present invention refers to a yeast extract obtained by subjecting yeast to a proteolytic reaction with an own enzyme or an enzyme derived from a foreign organism and concentrating it. Alternatively, yeast can be obtained by subjecting yeast to a chemical proteolysis reaction with an acid or the like. The yeast species is not particularly limited, but yeast derived from the genus Saccharomyces is preferable.
本発明で用いる酵母エキスは、低塩化ナトリウム含量、低濁度、または低酵母臭の少なくとも一つの要件を満たすものを用いる。
すなわち、塩化ナトリウムは、通常の酵母エキスの濃度(5〜30重量%)に比較して低濃度である、例えば1重量%以下のものが好ましい。そのような酵母エキスは、公知方法で得た酵母エキスを、例えばイオン交換膜を通すなどして脱塩することで得ることができる。
The yeast extract used in the present invention is one that satisfies at least one requirement of low sodium chloride content, low turbidity, or low yeast odor.
That is, sodium chloride having a low concentration compared to the normal yeast extract concentration (5 to 30% by weight), for example, 1% by weight or less is preferable. Such a yeast extract can be obtained by desalting a yeast extract obtained by a known method, for example, through an ion exchange membrane.
酵母エキスの5%水溶液での濁度は通常の酵母エキスの濁度である200NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Unit)程度のものに比較して低濁度、例えば、50NTU程度以下のものが好ましい。そのような酵母エキスは、公知方法で得た酵母エキスを、例えば遠心分離して沈殿物を除去して得ることができる。 The turbidity of a 5% aqueous solution of yeast extract is preferably low turbidity, for example, about 50 NTU or less, compared to that of about 200 NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Unit) which is the turbidity of normal yeast extract. Such a yeast extract can be obtained by, for example, centrifuging the yeast extract obtained by a known method to remove the precipitate.
酵母エキスの臭いに関しては、通常の酵母エキスに比較して、酵母臭の低減されているものを好適に用いることができる。ビールテイスト飲料の原料として、水を除く原料中0.2〜5重量%、例えば1重量%用いても、製品に酵母臭を付与しない程度に低臭のものを用いることが好ましい。そのような酵母エキスは、公知方法で得た酵母エキスを、例えば、活性炭処理を施して得ることができる。 Regarding the odor of the yeast extract, those having a reduced yeast odor can be suitably used as compared with a normal yeast extract. As a raw material for a beer-taste beverage, it is preferable to use a beverage having a low odor so as not to give a yeast odor to the product even if 0.2 to 5% by weight, for example 1% by weight, is used in the raw material excluding water. Such a yeast extract can be obtained by, for example, subjecting a yeast extract obtained by a known method to an activated carbon treatment.
酵母エキスは、上述の3つの特定を同時に満たしているものを特に好適に用いることができる。そのような酵母エキスは、例えば、酵母を自己消化後、脱塩、遠心分離、活性炭処理を施して濃縮エキス化することで製造できる。 A yeast extract that satisfies the above three specifications at the same time can be used particularly preferably. Such a yeast extract can be produced, for example, by subjecting the yeast to self-digestion, desalting, centrifuging, and activated carbon treatment to obtain a concentrated extract.
酵母エキスの使用量は、コーン等の穀物を分画加工した原料を発酵飲料製造のための発酵原料に使用した場合の発酵を、麦芽を発酵原料とした場合と匹敵しうる程度に改善できる量、例えば、水を除く原料中、約0.2〜5重量%、より好ましくは約1〜2重量%程度添加することが好ましい。
非麦穀物
本発明においては麦以外の各種穀物を分画して用いることができる。非麦穀物の例は、コーン、米、そば、ソルガム、粟、ひえ、および大豆やエンドウといった豆類である。なお、麦については、本発明の技術を用いなくとも、発芽・仕込み・発酵工程が容易に進行するため、本発明の対象としない。
The amount of yeast extract used is an amount that can improve fermentation when raw materials obtained by fractionating corn and other grains are used as fermentation raw materials for the production of fermented beverages to a level comparable to when malt is used as the fermentation raw material. For example, it is preferable to add about 0.2 to 5% by weight, more preferably about 1 to 2% by weight in the raw material excluding water.
Non-wheat grains In the present invention, various grains other than wheat can be fractionated and used. Examples of non-wheat cereals are corn, rice, buckwheat, sorghum, straw, fins, and beans such as soybeans and peas. In addition, about wheat, even if it does not use the technique of this invention, since germination, preparation, and a fermentation process advance easily, it is not made into the object of this invention.
非麦穀物のうち、コーンは、タンパクの構成アミノ酸中に、ロイシンを非常に豊富に含むことがわかっている。ロイシンは発酵飲料、特にビールテイスト飲料の良好な香味の前駆体であることから、コーンを好適に用いることができる。コーンは麦芽同様に発芽させて用いようとしても、発酵工程での発酵不良の問題を伴うが、本発明にしたがい、成分を分画してから用いると発酵不良の問題が解消される。コーンは発芽コーン、未発芽コーンのいずれも本発明に使用できるが、未発芽のコーンの使用が好適である。 Among non-wheat grains, corn has been found to be very rich in leucine in the amino acids of the protein. Since leucine is a good flavor precursor for fermented beverages, particularly beer-taste beverages, corn can be suitably used. Even if corn is germinated in the same manner as malt, it is accompanied by a problem of poor fermentation in the fermentation process. However, according to the present invention, the problem of poor fermentation is solved when the components are used after fractionation. As the corn, either a germinated corn or an ungerminated corn can be used in the present invention, but it is preferable to use an ungerminated corn.
コーンの種類はデントコーン、フリントコーン、ポップコーン、ワキシーコーン等特に限定されない。このうち、デントコーンがビールテイスト飲料の原料として適している。コーンは、粒状コーンを粉砕して用いてもよいし、デンプンやペプチドが未分画であれば、コーングリッツやコーンフラワーといった加工品を出発原料として用いても良い。 The type of corn is not particularly limited, such as dent corn, flint corn, pop corn, and waxy corn. Among these, dent corn is suitable as a raw material for beer-taste beverages. The corn may be used by pulverizing granular corn, or if the starch or peptide is unfractionated, a processed product such as corn grits or corn flour may be used as a starting material.
非麦穀物の成分の分画
本発明においては麦以外の各種穀物、例えばコーンを各成分に分画してから発酵原料とする。分画により、少なくともデンプン画分およびタンパク画分に分画する。分画方法に特別の制限はないが、例えば、以下の工程で行うことができる。
Fractionation of non-wheat cereal components In the present invention, various cereals other than wheat, for example, corn, are fractionated into the respective components and used as a fermentation raw material. By fractionation, it is fractionated into at least a starch fraction and a protein fraction. Although there is no special restriction | limiting in the fractionation method, For example, it can carry out at the following processes.
コーンを浸漬水に浸漬する(浸漬温度はほぼ室温、浸漬時間は48時間程度である);吸水したコーンを粉砕する(好ましい粉砕条件としては、ディスクミルである);粉砕後、水面に浮かんだ胚芽を分離する;胚芽を分離した粉砕コーンを磨砕する(好ましい磨砕条件はディスクミルである);磨砕後のコーンを篩に通し、篩上に残った繊維画分を分離する(好ましい篩は50〜100μm程度である)、遠心分離などで比重の違いに基づいてデンプン画分とタンパク画分とを分離回収する。あるいはこれを、遠心分離で分離しても良い。 Immerse the corn in immersion water (immersion temperature is about room temperature, immersion time is about 48 hours); pulverize the absorbed corn (preferred pulverization condition is a disc mill); Separating the germ; grinding the ground corn from which the germ has been separated (preferred grinding condition is a disc mill); passing the ground corn through a sieve and separating the fiber fraction remaining on the sieve (preferably The sieve fraction is about 50 to 100 μm), and the starch fraction and the protein fraction are separated and recovered based on the difference in specific gravity by centrifugation or the like. Alternatively, this may be separated by centrifugation.
分画成分の酵素分解
デンプン画分の糖化は、醸造用糖化液の調製のための公知の方法で行うことができる。例えば、外部酵素として液化酵素(アミラーゼ)を用い、スターチ分解物(コーン糖化スターチ)を調製することができる。液化酵素の種類、使用量、酵素反応温度、酵素反応時間は、製造すべき発酵飲料に応じて適宜決定できるが、ビールテイスト飲料の製造を目的とする場合で例示すると例えば、以下のとおりである。
The saccharification of the enzymatically degraded starch fraction of the fraction component can be performed by a known method for preparing a saccharified solution for brewing. For example, by using a liquefied enzyme (amylase) as an external enzyme, a starch degradation product (corn saccharification starch) can be prepared. The type, amount used, enzyme reaction temperature, and enzyme reaction time of the liquefied enzyme can be appropriately determined according to the fermented beverage to be produced. For example, when the purpose is to produce a beer-taste beverage, it is as follows. .
pHを水酸化カルシウムを使いpH6に調整し、耐熱αアミラーゼ(ターマミル120L:ノボ社)を適量(0.025〜0.5%)添加し、よく混合し攪拌しながら103℃で5分間加熱を行う。温度を95℃に下げ、90分間保持する。温度を65℃に下げβアミラーゼ・プルラナーゼ酵素として、ビオザイムM5(アマノエンザイム社)やライスターゼPL(大和化成)を0.01〜0.1%添加して、約20時間攪拌する。それを80℃以上まで昇温を行い酵素類を失活させる。この糖液を珪藻土で濾過し、イオン交換樹脂を通して脱塩を行い、活性炭で脱色・脱臭し、デンプン分解物(コーン糖化スターチ)液を得ることができる。分解が酵母発酵に適する程度に達成されたか否かは資化性糖をHPLCで測定することにより調べることができる。 Adjust the pH to pH 6 using calcium hydroxide, add an appropriate amount (0.025 to 0.5%) of heat-resistant α-amylase (Termamyl 120L: Novo), mix well and heat at 103 ° C for 5 minutes with stirring. Do. The temperature is lowered to 95 ° C. and held for 90 minutes. The temperature is lowered to 65 ° C., and 0.01-0.1% of biozyme M5 (Amanoenzyme) or lyasease PL (Daiwa Kasei) is added as β-amylase / pullulanase enzyme and stirred for about 20 hours. The temperature is raised to 80 ° C. or higher to deactivate the enzymes. This sugar solution is filtered through diatomaceous earth, desalted through an ion exchange resin, decolorized and deodorized with activated carbon, and a starch decomposition product (corn saccharification starch) solution can be obtained. Whether or not the degradation has been achieved to an extent suitable for yeast fermentation can be examined by measuring the assimilating sugar by HPLC.
得られたデンプン分解物(コーン糖化スターチと称することもある)の溶液は、そのままでまたは適宜濃縮もしくは希釈して用いることもできるが、微生物的に安定な程度、例えば固形分75%まで減圧濃縮することが好ましい。 The obtained starch degradation product (sometimes referred to as corn saccharified starch) can be used as it is or after appropriately concentrating or diluting, but it is concentrated under reduced pressure to a microbially stable level, for example, 75% solid content. It is preferable to do.
タンパク画分の分解は、発酵段階で酵母が利用するアミノ酸やペプチドといったタンパク分解物を得るために行う。分解のために使用可能な酵素および酵素反応方法は一般に公知であり、例えば以下の方法で分解することができる。 The protein fraction is decomposed in order to obtain proteolytic products such as amino acids and peptides used by the yeast in the fermentation stage. Enzymes and enzyme reaction methods that can be used for the decomposition are generally known, and can be decomposed, for example, by the following method.
タンパク画分を固形分で30%になるように温水に懸濁し、殺菌のため95℃に昇温し20分間保持する。温度を50℃に下げ、水酸化ナトリウムと塩酸で中性になるようpHを調整し、フレーバーザイム(ノボ社)やプロチンFA(大和化成)といったプロテアーゼを0.1〜1.0%程度添加し20時間反応させる。分解度は遊離アミノ酸が20%以上になるのを目処とし、酵素失活のため95℃に昇温し20分間保持する。この反応液を、珪藻土で濾過し、活性炭で脱色・脱臭を行いコーン蛋白分解液を得る。酵母発酵に適するまで分解されたか否かはHPLCにより調べることができる。 Suspend the protein fraction in warm water to a solid content of 30%, raise the temperature to 95 ° C. for sterilization and hold for 20 minutes. Lower the temperature to 50 ° C, adjust the pH to neutral with sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid, and add about 0.1 to 1.0% of protease such as Flavorzyme (Novo) or Protin FA (Daiwa Kasei). React for 20 hours. The degree of degradation is set so that the free amino acid is 20% or more, and the temperature is raised to 95 ° C. and kept for 20 minutes for enzyme deactivation. The reaction solution is filtered through diatomaceous earth, and decolorized and deodorized with activated carbon to obtain a corn protein solution. It can be checked by HPLC whether or not it has been degraded to suit yeast fermentation.
得られたコーン蛋白分解液は、そのままでまたは適宜濃縮もしくは希釈して用いることもできるが、固形分30%まで減圧濃縮し、105℃にて5〜10秒間スプレードライしてコーン蛋白分解物の粉末としても良い。
発酵飲料
本発明の発酵飲料は酵母による発酵工程を経て製造される飲料を全て包含する。例えば、発泡酒、ビール、低アルコール発酵飲料(例えばアルコール分1%未満の発酵飲料)、雑酒、もしくはこの発酵飲料を原料としたリキュール類、スピリッツ類が挙げられる。そのなかでもビールテイスト飲料とは、炭素源、窒素源、ホップ類などを原料とし、酵母で発酵させた飲料であって、ビールのような風味を有するものをいう。ビールテイスト飲料としては、例えば、雑酒、低アルコール発酵飲料(例えばアルコール分1%未満の非麦芽発酵飲料)、もしくはこの発酵飲料を原料としたリキュール類、スピリッツ類などが挙げられる。
The obtained corn proteolysate can be used as it is or after appropriately concentrating or diluting, but it is concentrated under reduced pressure to a solid content of 30% and spray-dried at 105 ° C. for 5 to 10 seconds. It may be a powder.
Fermented beverages The fermented beverages of the present invention include all beverages produced through a yeast fermentation process. For example, happoshu, beer, low alcohol fermented beverages (for example, fermented beverages having an alcohol content of less than 1%), miscellaneous sake, or liqueurs and spirits made from this fermented beverage. Among them, the beer-taste beverage refers to a beverage fermented with yeast using a carbon source, a nitrogen source, hops, etc. as a raw material and having a flavor like beer. Examples of beer-taste beverages include miscellaneous sake, low-alcohol fermented beverages (for example, non-malt fermented beverages with an alcohol content of less than 1%), liqueurs and spirits made from this fermented beverage.
中でも本発明は、麦芽および大麦は全くまたは僅かしか使用しない発酵飲料に好適に用いることができる。その場合、米、とうもろこしなどの穀物類を糖化して得た糖液や、糖類そのものから得た糖液などに、酵母を添加し発酵させる工程を経るが、窒素源としては、麦芽以外の植物由来のタンパク質もしくはその加水分解物を利用する。 Among them, the present invention can be suitably used for fermented beverages in which malt and barley are not used at all or in small amounts. In that case, yeast is added to the sugar solution obtained by saccharifying grains such as rice and corn, or the sugar solution obtained from the saccharide itself, and fermented, but the nitrogen source is a plant other than malt. Uses derived protein or its hydrolyzate.
本発明の発酵飲料のアルコール分は特に限定されないが、1〜15%(v/v)であることが望ましい。特にビールや発泡酒といった麦芽発酵飲料として消費者に好んで飲用されるアルコールと同程度の濃度、すなわち、3〜8%(v/v)の範囲であることが望ましい。
発酵飲料の製造
本発明においては、発酵飲料の原料として、コーンを分画して加工したデンプン分解物およびタンパク分解物を用いて、場合によりホップ類を加えて混合し、混合液を煮沸し、固液分離した清澄な発酵原液に酵母を添加し酵母発酵を行う。なお、固液分離は発酵後にも或いは発酵後にのみ行ってもよい。
The alcohol content of the fermented beverage of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 15% (v / v). In particular, it is desirable that the concentration be the same as that of alcohol that is preferably consumed by consumers as a malt fermented beverage such as beer or sparkling liquor, that is, in the range of 3 to 8% (v / v).
Production of fermented beverages In the present invention, as a raw material for fermented beverages, starch decomposed products and protein decomposed products obtained by fractionating and processing corn, and optionally adding hops and mixing, boiling the mixture, Yeast is added to the clear undiluted fermentation broth after solid-liquid separation to perform yeast fermentation. Solid-liquid separation may be performed after fermentation or only after fermentation.
より詳細に説明すると、発酵飲料の製造のために下記の成分を用意して混合する:
(1) デンプン分解物の使用量は、水とホップ(使用される場合)を除く原料当たり、0.1〜99%程度使用することができる。デンプン分解物は、前述の方法でコーンを酵素処理して得たものが好ましいが、コーンを原料とする市販の糖化スターチや水飴などを用いても良い。
(2) 一方、タンパク分解物の使用量は、水とホップ(使用される場合)を除く原料当たり、0.1〜50%程度使用することができる。タンパク分解物は前述の方法でコーンから分画して外来酵素で分解して得たものが好ましいが、市販のコーンタンパク分解物(コーンペプチド)などを用いても良い。
In more detail, the following ingredients are prepared and mixed for the production of a fermented beverage:
(1) The amount of starch degradation product used can be about 0.1 to 99% per raw material excluding water and hops (if used). The starch degradation product is preferably obtained by enzymatic treatment of corn by the above-described method, but commercially available saccharified starch or starch syrup made from corn may be used.
(2) On the other hand, the amount of proteolysate used can be about 0.1 to 50% per raw material excluding water and hops (if used). The proteolytic product is preferably obtained by fractionating from corn by the above-mentioned method and decomposing with a foreign enzyme, but a commercially available corn proteolytic product (corn peptide) or the like may be used.
また、発酵のための糖源として麦芽など多量の酵素を有する原料を用いない本発明の好ましい態様の場合、例えば、水とホップ(使用される場合)を除く原料当たり、95〜99.9%のスターチ分解物と、0.1〜5%のタンパク分解物を配合すると、発酵工程における発酵不良の回避や、得られる発酵飲料の優れた香味の面で好ましい。
(3) ホップの使用は、ビールテイスト飲料、発泡酒、リキュール類、スピリッツ類を含むビール等の製造の場合においては、ビール用の風味を与えるために必要である。ホップはビール等の製造に使用する通常のペレットホップ、粉末ホップ、ホップエキスを香味に応じて適宜選択使用する。さらに、イソ化ホップ、ヘキサホップ、テトラホップなどのホップ加工品を用いることもできる。その使用量は、糖液1L当たり0.1〜10gまでである。
(4) また所望成分として、非麦穀物の分画の途中で分離されたデンプン画分とタンパク画分以外の画分を、所望により適宜加工して用いることができる。この中でも、繊維画分は、例えば170℃から200℃程度の高温高圧水蒸気で処理することで、ビールテイスト飲料用の着味着香原料として好適に用いることができる。その添加量は水とホップ(使用される場合)を除く原料当たり、0.01〜1%程度が好ましい。
(5) 発酵原料には、また、発酵助剤として酵母エキスを添加する。その添加量は、水を除く原料中、約0.2〜5重量%、より好ましくは約1〜2重量%である。さらに、イーストフードなどの発酵助剤、その他の糖源、窒素源などを添加剤することもできる。
In the case of a preferred embodiment of the present invention in which a raw material having a large amount of enzyme such as malt is not used as a sugar source for fermentation, for example, 95 to 99.9% starch per raw material excluding water and hop (if used) When a degradation product and 0.1-5% of protein degradation product are mix | blended, it is preferable at the surface of avoidance of the fermentation failure in a fermentation process, and the outstanding flavor of the obtained fermented drink.
(3) The use of hops is necessary in order to give a beer flavor in the case of producing beer including beer-taste beverages, sparkling liquors, liqueurs, spirits. As for hops, normal pellet hops, powder hops, and hop extracts used for the production of beer and the like are appropriately selected and used according to the flavor. Furthermore, hop processed products such as isopized hop, hexahop, and tetrahop can be used. The amount used is 0.1 to 10 g per liter of sugar solution.
(4) Further, as a desired component, a fraction other than the starch fraction and the protein fraction separated during the fractionation of non-wheat grains can be appropriately processed and used as desired. Among these, the fiber fraction can be suitably used as a flavoring ingredient for beer-taste beverages, for example, by treating with high-temperature and high-pressure steam at about 170 ° C. to 200 ° C. The amount added is preferably about 0.01 to 1% per raw material excluding water and hops (when used).
(5) To the fermentation raw material, yeast extract is added as a fermentation aid. The amount added is about 0.2 to 5% by weight, more preferably about 1 to 2% by weight in the raw material excluding water. Furthermore, fermentation aids such as yeast food, other sugar sources, nitrogen sources and the like can be added.
上記成分(1) 、(2)、および(5) 並びに必要に応じて(3)および/または(4) を混合し、水に分散して、約100℃に加熱滅菌し、必要なら上清を分離して発酵原液とする。
発酵飲料の製造に使用する酵母は、製造すべき発酵飲料の種類、目的とする香味や発酵条件などを考慮して自由に選択できる。例えばWeihenstephan-34株など、市販のビール酵母を用いることができる。
The above components (1), (2), and (5) and (3) and / or (4) as necessary are mixed, dispersed in water, heat sterilized to about 100 ° C., and if necessary, the supernatant To obtain a fermentation stock solution.
The yeast used for the production of the fermented beverage can be freely selected in consideration of the type of fermented beverage to be produced, the intended flavor and fermentation conditions. For example, a commercially available brewer's yeast such as Weihenstephan-34 strain can be used.
発酵飲料の製造における発酵時間、発酵温度は、製造すべき発酵飲料の種類、目的とする香味や発酵条件などを考慮して自由に選択できる。例えば、ビールテイスト飲料の製造においては、発酵温度を13℃に設定して、所定のアルコール濃度を得るまで発酵を行う。 The fermentation time and fermentation temperature in the production of a fermented beverage can be freely selected in consideration of the type of fermented beverage to be produced, the intended flavor and fermentation conditions. For example, in the production of a beer-taste beverage, fermentation is performed until the fermentation temperature is set to 13 ° C. and a predetermined alcohol concentration is obtained.
発酵後の混合物は、そのままで発酵飲料としてもよく、濾過、加熱等の滅菌を行って発酵飲料としてもよい。発酵飲料には、必要に応じて色素や泡形成剤、香料、水溶性食物繊維などを添加することができる。色素についてはビール様の色を与えるために使用するものであり、カラメル色素などをビール様の色彩を呈する量添加する。ビール様の泡を形成させるため、大豆サポニン、キラヤサポニン等の植物抽出サポニン系物質、牛血清アルブミン等のタンパク質系物質などを適宜使用する。ビール様の風味付けのためにビール風味を有する香料を適量使用することができる。さらに難消化性デキストリン、ポリデキストロース、水溶性トウモロコシ繊維などの水溶性食物繊維を必要により添加することができる。
低糖質または低カロリー発酵飲料
本発明の発酵飲料の好ましい態様の一つは、低糖質または低カロリー発酵飲料である。
The mixture after fermentation may be used as it is as a fermented beverage, or as a fermented beverage by sterilization such as filtration and heating. A pigment | dye, a foam formation agent, a fragrance | flavor, water-soluble dietary fiber, etc. can be added to a fermented drink as needed. The pigment is used to give a beer-like color, and caramel pigment or the like is added in an amount exhibiting a beer-like color. In order to form beer-like bubbles, plant-extracted saponin substances such as soybean saponin and quilla saponin, and protein substances such as bovine serum albumin are appropriately used. An appropriate amount of perfume having a beer flavor can be used for beer-like flavoring. Further, water-soluble dietary fibers such as indigestible dextrin, polydextrose, water-soluble corn fiber and the like can be added as necessary.
Low sugar or low calorie fermented beverage One of the preferred embodiments of the fermented beverage of the present invention is a low sugar or low calorie fermented beverage.
本発明の方法を用いて得られる発酵飲料は、そのまま飲用することができるが、糖質やカロリーをできるだけ摂取せずに楽しむことが可能な発酵飲料を製造するために、これを希釈して、低糖質ビールテイスト発酵飲料を製造することができる。それは、本発明で発酵原料中にとうもろこしのタンパク分解物を使用する場合はイソロイシンを豊富に含有し、醸造中に酢酸イソアミルが豊富に生成するためである。特に、酢酸イソアミルが発酵物上清中に、2.0ppmを超え且つ10.0ppm未満まで含まれるように条件を設定して発酵を行うと、得られた発酵飲料を5〜8倍に希釈しても、香味の優れた発酵飲料となることが判明した(特願2005-157921)。希釈は水により行うが、このとき低糖質発酵飲料に不足する呈味物質を補うため、酸味料、甘味料、苦味料、アルコールを一緒に添加してもよく、あるいは呈味物質の補足は、希釈操作後に別途行うこともできる(特願2005-157921)。 The fermented beverage obtained using the method of the present invention can be drunk as it is, but in order to produce a fermented beverage that can be enjoyed without taking carbohydrates and calories as much as possible, this is diluted, A low-sugar beer-taste fermented beverage can be produced. This is because, when a corn proteolysate is used in the fermentation raw material in the present invention, it contains abundant isoleucine and abundantly produced isoamyl acetate during brewing. In particular, when fermentation is performed by setting conditions so that isoamyl acetate is included in the supernatant of the fermented product in excess of 2.0 ppm and less than 10.0 ppm, even if the obtained fermented beverage is diluted 5 to 8 times It became clear that it became a fermented beverage with excellent flavor (Japanese Patent Application 2005-157921). Dilution is carried out with water. At this time, in order to supplement the taste substances that are lacking in low-sugar fermented beverages, acidulants, sweeteners, bitters, and alcohol may be added together, or supplementation of taste substances It can also be carried out separately after the dilution operation (Japanese Patent Application 2005-157921).
糖質の低下は希釈による方法の代わりに、または希釈による方法と組み合わせて、炭素源として酵母が資化しやすい3糖類、2糖類および単糖類の比率を高めた(例えば全炭素源の80%以上にした)、発酵原料を用いることで行うことも可能である。 Carbohydrate reduction increased the proportion of trisaccharides, disaccharides and monosaccharides that yeast is likely to assimilate as a carbon source instead of or in combination with the dilution method (e.g. 80% or more of the total carbon source) It is also possible to use a fermentation raw material.
低糖質とは、発酵飲料中の糖質濃度が、固形分換算で0.8重量%、特に0.5重量%未満であることを意味する。低糖質であることが好ましい発酵飲料には、清酒、ワイン、ビール、発泡酒、リキュール類、スピリッツ類、雑酒、ビールテイスト発酵飲料などが含まれる。特に発泡酒、ビールテイスト発酵飲料が好ましく、特にビールテイスト発酵飲料が好ましい。 Low sugar means that the sugar concentration in the fermented beverage is 0.8% by weight, particularly less than 0.5% by weight, in terms of solid content. Fermented beverages preferably having a low sugar content include sake, wine, beer, sparkling wine, liqueurs, spirits, miscellaneous sake, beer-taste fermented beverages and the like. Happoshu and beer-taste fermented beverages are particularly preferable, and beer-taste fermented beverages are particularly preferable.
また、本発明の別の好適な飲料の例として、低カロリー飲料、特にビールテイストの低カロリー発酵飲料が挙げられる。低カロリー飲料とは、20kcal/100ml未満の飲料で、低糖質および/または低アルコールとすることによって実現することができる。 In addition, examples of another suitable beverage of the present invention include a low calorie beverage, particularly a beer-taste low calorie fermented beverage. A low calorie beverage is a beverage of less than 20 kcal / 100 ml, and can be realized by making it low sugar and / or low alcohol.
低糖質または低カロリーのビールテイスト飲料は、香り付与が課題であることが多い。本発明の技術は、とうもろこしタンパク質画分を発酵原料の窒素源として用いる場合、十分な発酵により良好な発酵香を与えるものであることから、低糖質または低カロリーのビールテイスト飲料の製造に際し、本発明の技術を好適に用いることができる。
Low sugar or low calorie beer-taste beverages often have a problem of imparting aroma. The technology of the present invention, when using a corn protein fraction as a nitrogen source of a fermentation raw material, gives a good fermented aroma by sufficient fermentation, so in producing a low-sugar or low-calorie beer-taste beverage, The technology of the invention can be suitably used.
以下に実施により本発明をさらに説明するが、本発明は実施例に限定されるものではない。
(実施例1)
各種酵母エキスの添加が発酵工程や製品の香味に与える影響を検討した。
The present invention will be further described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples.
(Example 1)
The effects of the addition of various yeast extracts on the fermentation process and product flavor were investigated.
表1に記載の原料で各種ビールテイストの発酵飲料を調整した。酵母エキスは、以下の2種類を用いた。酵母エキスA:市販の酵母エキス(アロマイルド、興人製)を用いた。酵母エキスAは、塩化ナトリウム含量約10%、5%水溶液での濁度約150NTU、酵母臭が強いという特徴がある。また、酵母エキスBは、酵母エキスAを脱塩処理、遠心分離処理により、塩化ナトリウム含量0.8%、5%水溶液での濁度20NTU、弱い酵母臭があるという特徴のものを準備した。 Various beer-taste fermented beverages were prepared with the raw materials listed in Table 1. The following two types of yeast extracts were used. Yeast extract A: A commercially available yeast extract (Alomild, manufactured by Kojin) was used. Yeast extract A is characterized by a sodium chloride content of about 10%, a turbidity of about 150 NTU in a 5% aqueous solution, and a strong yeast odor. In addition, yeast extract B was prepared by subjecting yeast extract A to desalting and centrifugation, so that the sodium chloride content was 0.8%, the turbidity in a 5% aqueous solution was 20 NTU, and there was a weak yeast odor.
各試料について、具体的配合比を表1に示す。 Table 1 shows specific mixing ratios for each sample.
発酵工程における酵母のアルコール生成挙動を評価するために、発酵終了時の炭素源の残量を密度計にて計測し、発酵の進行状況を観察した。更に、得られた飲料について、濁度および官能を評価した。濁度は濁度計(オルガノ製)を用いた。官能は、訓練されたパネラー10名で、塩味の有無および酵母臭の有無とした。評価の結果を表2に示す。
In order to evaluate the alcohol production behavior of yeast in the fermentation process, the remaining amount of carbon source at the end of fermentation was measured with a densitometer, and the progress of fermentation was observed. Furthermore, turbidity and sensory evaluation were evaluated about the obtained drink. Turbidity was measured using a turbidimeter (manufactured by Organo). The sensuality was 10 trained panelists with or without salty taste and yeast odor. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
また、ビールテイスト飲料として求められる品質である濁度の低さ、塩味の無さ、及び酵母臭の無さを付与するためには、酵母エキスBのような特定の要件を持たしている酵母エキスを用いるのが好ましいことが示された。
(製造例1)非麦ビールテイスト発酵飲料の製造例
市販の糖シロップを用いて100Lの10重量%の糖液を作成した。これにとうもろこしタンパク分解物0.2%、カラメル0.03%、ホップ0.03%を添加した後、酵母エキスBを0.2%添加し60-90分間煮沸し、静置にてホップ粕を除去して発酵原液を得た。
In addition, in order to impart low turbidity, no saltiness, and no yeast odor, which are required as beer-taste beverages, yeast having specific requirements such as yeast extract B It has been shown that it is preferable to use extracts.
(Production Example 1) Production Example of Non-wheat Beer Taste Fermented Beverage 100 L of 10% by weight sugar solution was prepared using a commercially available sugar syrup. Add 0.2% corn proteolysate, 0.03% caramel and 0.03% hops, then add 0.2% yeast extract B and boil for 60-90 minutes. It was.
この発酵原液に0.5%の市販ビール酵母(Weihenstephan-34株)を添加し、10-15℃で約一週間発酵させた。その後0℃で3日保管したのち、フィルターにて酵母を除去し、炭酸ガスを添加してビールテイスト発酵飲料を作成した。 0.5% of commercially available brewer's yeast (Weihenstephan-34 strain) was added to this fermentation stock solution and fermented at 10-15 ° C. for about one week. After storing at 0 ° C. for 3 days, the yeast was removed with a filter, and carbon dioxide was added to prepare a beer-taste fermented beverage.
製造中、発酵不良は認められなかった。また、得られた発酵飲料は、好適な香味を有していた。
(製造例2)低糖質、低カロリー非麦ビールテイスト発酵飲料の製造例
仕込水85kgに対し、四糖類以上の糖組成が7%の糖シロップ(加藤化学製)を15kgを溶解して糖液を作成した。これにとうもろこしタンパク分解物200g、カラメル色素200g、ペレットホップ160g、とうもろこし繊維の高温高圧加工品を10g加えた。さらに実施例1で使用した酵母エキスBを200g加えた。これらを60分間煮沸した後、静置してとうもろこし繊維およびホップの粕を除き、発酵原液を得た。この発酵原液に、ビール酵母(Weihenstephan-34株)を生菌数20×106cells/mlになるように添加し、温度13℃にて8日間発酵させた。炭素源資化終了後、ろ過により酵母を取り除き、発酵液に対し4倍容量の脱気水にて希釈し、炭酸ガスを添加して低糖質、低カロリー発酵飲料を作成した。
During production, no poor fermentation was observed. Moreover, the obtained fermented drink had a suitable flavor.
(Production Example 2) Production example of low-sugar, low-calorie non-barley beer-taste fermented beverage 15 kg of sugar syrup (made by Kato Chemical) with a sugar composition of 7% or more is dissolved in 85 kg of feed water to dissolve the sugar solution It was created. To this was added 200 g of corn proteolysate, 200 g of caramel dye, 160 g of pellet hop, and 10 g of a high-temperature high-pressure processed product of corn fiber. Furthermore, 200 g of yeast extract B used in Example 1 was added. These were boiled for 60 minutes, and then allowed to stand to remove corn fibers and hop straws to obtain a fermentation stock solution. To this fermentation stock solution, brewer's yeast (Weihenstephan-34 strain) was added so as to have a viable cell count of 20 × 10 6 cells / ml and fermented at a temperature of 13 ° C. for 8 days. After the carbon source utilization was completed, the yeast was removed by filtration, diluted with 4 times the volume of degassed water with respect to the fermentation broth, and carbon dioxide was added to prepare a low-sugar, low-calorie fermented beverage.
なお、製造例2で用いたとうもろこしタンパク分解物およびとうもろこし繊維画分の高温高圧処理加工品は、本出願と同日に本出願人によりされた特許出願(発明の名称:分画したコーンを用いた発酵飲料)の実施例3および実施例4でそれぞれ製造されたものである。 The high-temperature and high-pressure processed product of the corn proteolysate and corn fiber fraction used in Production Example 2 was a patent application filed by the applicant on the same day as the present application (name of invention: fractionated corn was used). Fermented beverages) produced in Example 3 and Example 4.
製造中、発酵不良は全く認められず、得られた発酵飲料は好適な香味を有していた。また得られた発酵飲料の糖質濃度は0.46w/w%、カロリーは12kcal/100ml、アルコールは1.5v/v%であった。 During production, no fermentation failure was observed, and the obtained fermented beverage had a suitable flavor. The sugar content of the obtained fermented beverage was 0.46 w / w%, the calorie was 12 kcal / 100 ml, and the alcohol was 1.5 v / v%.
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