JP2006198609A - Method for hardening seeding agent into solid form and solid form seeding agent - Google Patents
Method for hardening seeding agent into solid form and solid form seeding agent Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title abstract 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010564 aerobic fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010801 sewage sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 29
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/20—Sludge processing
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- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Treatment Of Biological Wastes In General (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は一般に、シーディング剤を固形化する方法および固形化されたシーディング剤に関する。ここで、「シーディング剤」とは、浄化槽処理分野においては「種付剤」等とも呼ばれているものであり、発酵促進のための有効微生物添加剤や化学物質添加剤等を意味する。なお、本発明において使用される語「シーディング剤」には、栄養促進剤、栄養剤等と称されるものも含まれる。 The present invention generally relates to a method for solidifying a seeding agent and a solidified seeding agent. Here, the “seeding agent” is also called “seeding agent” or the like in the septic tank treatment field, and means an effective microbial additive or chemical additive for promoting fermentation. The term “seeding agent” used in the present invention includes what are called nutritional promoters and nutrients.
水洗施設を利用できない地域に設置される浄化槽では、その使用開始当初に槽内の生物相を迅速かつ効果的に安定させるため、浄化槽内にシーディング剤を投入することがある。シーディング剤としては、種々のものが市販されているが、液状又は粉末状であるため、浄化槽内での滞留時間が短く、シーディング剤を効果的に使用することが困難であった。特に、シーディング剤は比較的高価なものであるため、滞留時間が短いことは、重大な欠陥となっていた。換言すると、液状又は粉末状のシーディング剤を浄化槽内に投入しても、浄化槽内に短時間に多量の汚水が流入すると、シーディング剤は、槽内の汚水と十分に接触しないまま、槽外に流出してしまい、シーディング剤の効果を殆ど享受することができないという問題点があった。 In septic tanks installed in areas where irrigation facilities cannot be used, seeding agents are sometimes introduced into the septic tanks at the beginning of use in order to stabilize the biota in the tanks quickly and effectively. Various seeding agents are commercially available, but since they are liquid or powdery, the residence time in the septic tank is short and it is difficult to effectively use the seeding agent. In particular, since the seeding agent is relatively expensive, a short residence time has been a serious defect. In other words, even if a liquid or powdery seeding agent is put into the septic tank, if a large amount of sewage flows into the septic tank in a short time, the seeding agent does not sufficiently contact the sewage in the tank. There was a problem in that the effect of the seeding agent could hardly be enjoyed due to leakage to the outside.
このような状況に鑑みて、本発明者は、シーディング剤を固形化する方法および固形化されたシーディング剤を開発した（特許文献１参照）。 In view of such a situation, the present inventor has developed a method for solidifying a seeding agent and a solidified seeding agent (see Patent Document 1).
上述のシーディング剤を固形化する方法および固形化されたシーディング剤は、幸いにも好評を博したが、特許文献１に記載されたシーディング剤には、以下のような改善すべき点が依然として存在していた。
（１）硬度が十分ではなく、取り扱いを慎重にしないとシーディング剤が崩れてしまう。
（２）シーディング剤の硬さが均一ではない。
（３）多量の水を含有しているため、カビが発生し易い。
（４）７２時間以内に溶解するように硬度が調整されていたが、浄化槽内の水温（０°Ｃ〜２８°Ｃ）が微生物の増殖に適した温度（２０°Ｃ〜３０°Ｃ）よりも低いため、浄化槽の浄化効率を上昇させるには、シーディング剤が１２０〜１７０時間程度で溶解する程の硬度が望ましいことが新たに分かった。
本発明は、これらの点を改善して、一層使い勝手の良いシーディング剤を提供するために、案出されたものである。
Fortunately, the above-described method for solidifying the seeding agent and the solidified seeding agent have been well received. However, the seeding agent described in
(1) The hardness is not sufficient, and the seeding agent will collapse unless handled carefully.
(2) The hardness of the seeding agent is not uniform.
(3) Since it contains a large amount of water, mold is easily generated.
(4) Although the hardness was adjusted to dissolve within 72 hours, the water temperature (0 ° C to 28 ° C) in the septic tank was higher than the temperature (20 ° C to 30 ° C) suitable for the growth of microorganisms. Therefore, in order to increase the purification efficiency of the septic tank, it was newly found that a hardness sufficient to dissolve the seeding agent in about 120 to 170 hours is desirable.
The present invention has been devised to improve these points and provide a more convenient seeding agent.
したがって、本発明は、崩れにくく、硬さが均一であって、しかもカビが発生しにくく、さらに浄化槽への投入後１２０〜１７０時間程度で溶解する程度を硬度を有するシーディング剤を固形化する方法および固形化されたシーディング剤を提供することを目的とする。 Therefore, the present invention solidifies a seeding agent that is hard to collapse, has a uniform hardness, is less prone to mold, and is so hard that it dissolves in about 120 to 170 hours after being put into the septic tank. The object is to provide a method and a solidified seeding agent.
本発明者は、シーディング剤と結着剤とを混合した後、シーディング剤と結着剤の混合物（以下「シーディング剤混合物」という）に水を複数回に分けて添加し、水を添加する毎にシーディング剤混合物と水が均一になるように練ることによって、良好な溶出性と硬度とを備えた固形化されたシーディング剤が形成されることを見い出した。 The inventor mixed the seeding agent and the binder, and then added water to the mixture of the seeding agent and the binder (hereinafter referred to as “seeding agent mixture”) in a plurality of times. It was found that a solidified seeding agent having good dissolution property and hardness was formed by kneading the seeding agent mixture and water uniformly with each addition.
本願請求項１に記載のシーディング剤を固形化する方法は、シーディング剤に所定量の結着剤を添加して混合する段階と、前記混合されたシーディング剤に、水を複数回に分けて添加し、水を添加する毎に前記混合されたシーディング剤と水が均一になるように練る段階と、水が添加された前記シーディング剤を型枠に入れ、所定の圧力で加圧する段階とを含むことを特徴とするものである。
The method of solidifying the seeding agent according to
本願請求項２に記載のシーディング剤を固形化する方法は、前記請求項１の方法において、水を添加する前記回数が、１５回又はそれ以上であることを特徴とするものである。
The method for solidifying the seeding agent according to
本願請求項３に記載のシーディング剤を固形化する方法は、前記請求項１又は２の方法において、添加する結着剤の量が５重量％〜１０重量％、添加する水の全量が２５重量％〜２７．５重量％、加圧力が１５ｋｇ又はそれ以上であることを特徴とするものである。
The method for solidifying the seeding agent according to
本願請求項４に記載の固形化されたシーディング剤は、家畜糞尿、下水汚泥、及び種菌からなる群から選択した少なくとも１種の成分と水分調整材とを混合して好気発酵させ、所定量の結着剤を添加して得られた混合物に、水を複数回に分けて添加し、水を添加する毎に前記混合物と水が均一になるように練り、型枠に入れて加圧することによって形成されることを特徴とするものである。
The solidified seeding agent according to
本願請求項５に記載の固形化されたシーディング剤は、前記請求項４のシーディング剤において、水を添加する前記回数が、１５回又はそれ以上であることを特徴とするものである。
The solidified seeding agent according to
本願請求項６に記載の固形化されたシーディング剤は、前記請求項４又は５のシーディング剤において、添加する結着剤の量が５重量％〜１０重量％、添加する水の全量が２５重量％〜２７．５重量％、加圧力が１５ｋｇ又はそれ以上であることを特徴とするものである。
The solidified seeding agent according to claim 6 of the present invention is the seeding agent according to
本発明によれば、所要の溶出能力と硬度を備えたシーディング剤を得ることができる。なお、水を複数回に分けて添加することにより、上述のように、所要の溶出能力と硬度が得られるとともに、シーディング剤中の水分の偏在を回避することができるので、シーディング剤全体で硬さが均一になるとともに、水分量を少なくすることができるので、カビの発生を防止することができるという効果が得られる。また、シーディング剤中にある休眠状態の微生物の発芽・増殖を抑えることができるとともに、シーディング剤中の微生物相の変化を防ぐこともできるという効果も得られる。 According to the present invention, a seeding agent having required elution ability and hardness can be obtained. In addition, by adding water in a plurality of times, as described above, the required elution capacity and hardness can be obtained, and uneven distribution of moisture in the seeding agent can be avoided, so the entire seeding agent Since the hardness becomes uniform and the amount of water can be reduced, the effect of preventing the occurrence of mold can be obtained. In addition, germination and growth of dormant microorganisms in the seeding agent can be suppressed, and changes in the microflora in the seeding agent can be prevented.
次に図面を参照して、本発明の好ましい実施の形態に係るシーディング剤を固形化する方法について詳細に説明する。 Next, a method for solidifying a seeding agent according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
まず、シーディング剤の原料を準備する。シーディング剤としては、以下の方法によって得られるものを使用する他、特開２００３−３３４５９８号公報に記載されているような家畜糞尿を原料としたものを使用してもよい。最初に、水分調整材と、種菌（例えば、バチルス菌）と下水汚泥の一方又は両方とを容器内に投入し、２週間程度かけて容器底部から空気を入れて好気発酵させる。この際、種菌、下水汚泥、及び水分調整材に加えて、家畜糞尿や水産系廃棄物（例えば、ヒトデの死骸等）を投入してもよい。発酵により、容器内の温度は６０°Ｃ〜８０°Ｃ程度に達し、下水汚泥に含まれる種子は死滅する。以上の工程を一次発酵工程という。なお、水分調整材としては、木くずの他、オガグズ、籾殻、廃材木くず等が用いられる。 First, the raw material for the seeding agent is prepared. As a seeding agent, in addition to those obtained by the following method, those obtained from livestock manure as described in JP-A-2003-334598 may be used. First, a moisture adjusting material, an inoculum (for example, Bacillus) and one or both of sewage sludge are put into a container, and aerobic fermentation is performed by introducing air from the bottom of the container over about two weeks. At this time, in addition to the inoculum, sewage sludge, and moisture adjusting material, livestock manure and aquatic waste (eg, starfish carcass) may be added. By the fermentation, the temperature in the container reaches about 60 ° C to 80 ° C, and the seeds contained in the sewage sludge are killed. The above process is called a primary fermentation process. In addition to wood waste, sawdust, rice husk, waste wood waste and the like are used as the moisture adjusting material.
一次発酵工程においてアンモニアガス、揮発性有機酸が発生するが、排気を外部に放出する場合には、これらのガスを微生物脱臭剤で脱臭し、或いは活性炭に吸着させて脱臭する。一次発酵工程の排気は、発酵のため温度が上昇しているが、この排気を後述する二次発酵工程及び／又は仕上げ工程に利用するのがよい。 Ammonia gas and volatile organic acid are generated in the primary fermentation process. When exhaust gas is discharged to the outside, these gases are deodorized with a microbial deodorant or adsorbed on activated carbon to deodorize. Although the temperature of the exhaust from the primary fermentation process is increased due to fermentation, this exhaust may be used for the secondary fermentation process and / or the finishing process described later.
次いで、一次発酵させたシーディング剤原料の水分を調整し、２〜３週間程度かけて容器底部から空気を入れて好気発酵させ、微生物を増殖させる。この際、含水比が約４０重量％〜約５０重量％となるように、水分調整する。発酵により、容器内の温度は５０°Ｃ〜６０°Ｃ程度に達する。以上の工程を二次発酵工程という。 Next, the moisture of the primary fermented seeding agent material is adjusted, and air is introduced from the bottom of the container over about 2 to 3 weeks for aerobic fermentation to grow microorganisms. At this time, the water content is adjusted so that the water content ratio is about 40 wt% to about 50 wt%. The temperature in the container reaches about 50 ° C to 60 ° C by fermentation. The above process is called a secondary fermentation process.
次いで、二次発酵させたシーディング剤原料の水分を調整し、１週間程度かけて容器底部から空気を入れて好気発酵させ、微生物が活性するのを抑制する。この際、含水比が約３５重量％〜約４５重量％となるように、水分調整する。発酵により、容器内の温度は１５°Ｃ〜２５°Ｃ程度に達する。以上の工程を仕上げ工程という。 Next, the moisture of the seeding agent raw material subjected to secondary fermentation is adjusted, and air is introduced from the bottom of the container over about one week for aerobic fermentation to suppress the activation of microorganisms. At this time, the water content is adjusted so that the water content ratio is about 35 wt% to about 45 wt%. The temperature in the container reaches about 15 ° C to 25 ° C by fermentation. The above process is called a finishing process.
以上のようにして得られたシーディング剤は、粒状であり、その含水比は、約２０重量％〜約２５重量％となる。 The seeding agent obtained as described above is granular and has a water content of about 20% by weight to about 25% by weight.
上述のようにして得られたシーディング剤を固形化する。まず、粒状のシーディング剤に結着剤（シーディング剤混合物）を添加して十分に混合する。結着剤としては、米ぬか、米粉、でんぷん、又は小麦粉（穀物類の製粉残滓）が好ましい。本発明者は、後述するように種々の実験を行った結果、結着剤の添加量は、シーディング剤１００グラムに対して、約５重量％〜約１０重量％であるのが好ましいことを見い出した。結着剤の添加量が５重量％未満の場合には、シーディング剤が固まりにくい。 The seeding agent obtained as described above is solidified. First, a binder (seeding agent mixture) is added to the granular seeding agent and mixed thoroughly. As the binder, rice bran, rice flour, starch, or wheat flour (cereal milling residue) is preferable. The present inventor conducted various experiments as will be described later, and as a result, the amount of the binder added is preferably about 5% by weight to about 10% by weight with respect to 100 grams of the seeding agent. I found it. When the added amount of the binder is less than 5% by weight, the seeding agent is hardly solidified.
次いで、シーディング剤混合物に水を複数回に分けて添加し、水を添加する毎にシーディング剤混合物と水が均一になるように練る。水を添加する回数は、後述するように、１５回又はそれ以上であるのが好ましい。また、添加する水の全量（即ち、複数回添加される水の総量）は、後述するように、約２５重量％〜約２７．５重量％であるのが好ましい。 Next, water is added to the seeding agent mixture in a plurality of times, and the seeding agent mixture and the water are kneaded so as to be uniform each time water is added. The number of times that water is added is preferably 15 times or more, as will be described later. Further, the total amount of water to be added (that is, the total amount of water added a plurality of times) is preferably about 25 wt% to about 27.5 wt%, as will be described later.
水を複数回に分けて添加し、水を添加する毎にシーディング剤混合物と水が均一になるように練ることは、下記のような技術的意義を有する。 It is technically significant that water is added in several portions and kneaded so that the seeding agent mixture and water are uniform each time water is added.
（１）シーディング剤混合物中にある休眠状態の微生物の発芽・増殖を抑える。
一般的に、好気発酵法を用いたシーディング剤の発酵工程においては、汚水処理に有効に作用する多種多様な胞子形成細菌が優占化しており、発酵終了後の発酵産物の乾燥に伴い、実際に生存している生菌数が減少し、胞子を形成した菌（休眠状態）が数多く存続している。これらの胞子形成細菌は、熱や乾燥による環境変化に応答して、休眠状態に入り、次の生存可能な環境になるまで、この休眠状態を保持し続ける。また、胞子を優占的に存続させることは、微生物相を保持する点においても有効である。したがって、シーディング剤混合物に一度に多量の水を添加して練ると、含水率の高い部分においては、時間の経過とともに、休眠状態の細胞が増殖可能な栄養細胞に時期早尚に発芽・増殖してしまい、シーディング剤投入後の所望時間に有効に作用させることができなくなるおそれがある。このような事態の招来を防止するため、本発明では、水を複数回に分けて添加し、水を添加する毎にシーディング剤混合物と水が均一になるように練ることとした。
（２）シーディング剤混合物中の微生物相の変化を防ぐ。
一般的に、好気性微生物は、乾燥状態（材料含水率４０重量％以下）になると、増殖・生命活動が抑制されるということが知られている（有機物資源リサイクル研究会，No.10,2005.8，第１頁〜第１７頁）。したがって、シーディング剤混合物に一度に多量の水を添加して練ると、局部的に含水率が４０重量％以上の状態が形成されるため、シーディング剤混合物中の微生物相（雑菌の混入によるものを含めて）に急激な変化を与えるおそれがある。このような微生物相の変化を防止するため、一度に４０重量％以上の含水率に至らないように、水を複数回に分けて添加する。
（３）シーディング剤混合物中に水を均一に行渡らせるのに要する時間を短縮させる。
このことは、作業時間の短縮化を実現するとともに、（１）に記載した休眠状態の微生物の発芽・増殖の抑制を実現するのにも寄与する。
（４）適当な溶出速度を得る。
水を一度に添加して練ると、シーディング剤混合物中に水が一度に取り込まれて凝集するが、水を複数回に分けて添加して練ると、過度の凝集がなくなり、適当な溶出速度が得られる。
（５）適当な硬化強度を得る。
水を複数回に分けて添加して練ると、シーディング剤混合物中の水分が均一になり、粒子同士も馴染んでくるため、固形化が容易になるうえ、硬化強度が大きくなる。
(1) Suppress germination and growth of dormant microorganisms in the seeding agent mixture.
In general, in the fermentation process of seeding agents using aerobic fermentation, a wide variety of spore-forming bacteria that effectively act on sewage treatment dominate. The number of viable bacteria actually alive has decreased, and many spores (dormant state) have survived. These spore-forming bacteria enter a dormant state in response to environmental changes due to heat and dryness and continue to hold this dormant state until the next viable environment. In addition, preferentially maintaining spores is effective in maintaining the microflora. Therefore, when a large amount of water is added to the seeding agent mixture and kneaded, the germinated and proliferated prematurely into vegetative cells that can grow dormant cells over time in high moisture content parts. Therefore, there is a possibility that it cannot be effectively operated for a desired time after the seeding agent is added. In order to prevent the occurrence of such a situation, in the present invention, water is added in a plurality of times, and kneading is performed so that the seeding agent mixture and water are uniform each time water is added.
(2) Prevent changes in the microflora in the seeding agent mixture.
In general, it is known that aerobic microorganisms suppress their growth and life activity when they are in a dry state (water content of 40% by weight or less) (Organic Resource Recycling Study Group, No. 10, 2005.8). , Pages 1-17). Therefore, when a large amount of water is added to the seeding agent mixture and kneaded at once, a state with a water content of 40% by weight or more is formed locally. There is a risk of sudden changes. In order to prevent such a change in the microflora, water is added in a plurality of times so as not to reach a water content of 40% by weight or more at a time.
(3) The time required to distribute water uniformly in the seeding agent mixture is shortened.
This contributes to the reduction of working time and the suppression of germination and proliferation of dormant microorganisms described in (1).
(4) Obtain an appropriate dissolution rate.
When water is added and kneaded at once, water is incorporated into the seeding agent mixture at one time and agglomerates. However, when water is added in several portions and kneaded, excessive agglomeration is eliminated and an appropriate elution rate is obtained. Is obtained.
(5) An appropriate curing strength is obtained.
When water is added and kneaded in a plurality of times, the moisture in the seeding agent mixture becomes uniform and the particles become familiar with each other, so that solidification becomes easy and the curing strength increases.
次いで、シーディング剤混合物に水を添加して練ったものを、所定の型枠に入れる。加圧装置（図示せず）を用いて、型枠に入れたシーディング剤に圧力を加え、シーディング剤を固形化する。後述するように、種々の実験の結果、シーディング剤に加える圧力は、１平方センチメートル当たり、約１５ｋｇ又はそれ以上であるのが好ましいことを見い出した。 Next, the kneaded mixture of water added to the seeding agent mixture is put into a predetermined mold. A pressure device (not shown) is used to apply pressure to the seeding agent placed in the mold to solidify the seeding agent. As described below, various experiments have found that the pressure applied to the seeding agent is preferably about 15 kg or more per square centimeter.
次に、本発明の有効性を検証するために行われた試験について説明する。図２は、加圧力と練り回数による硬度試験、溶出試験の評価（評価は、５が最も良く、数値が小さくなるに従って評価が悪くなる）を示した表である。加圧力が５０ｋｇｆ以上では硬度試験、溶出試験とも殆どの条件で加圧力が大きくなると評価が小さくなっているが、加圧力が１５ｋｇｆと３０ｋｇｆとの間では、練り回数毎に加圧力による評価の傾向が異なっている。したがって、本試験では、加圧力を１５ｋｇｆと３０ｋｇｆとの間に設定し、その際における練り回数による影響を調べることとした。 Next, a test conducted to verify the effectiveness of the present invention will be described. FIG. 2 is a table showing the evaluation of the hardness test and elution test based on the applied pressure and the number of kneading (evaluation is 5 is the best, and the evaluation becomes worse as the numerical value becomes smaller). When the applied pressure is 50 kgf or more, the evaluation decreases as the applied pressure increases under most conditions in both the hardness test and the elution test. However, when the applied pressure is between 15 kgf and 30 kgf, the tendency of evaluation by the applied pressure for each kneading frequency Is different. Therefore, in this test, the pressure was set between 15 kgf and 30 kgf, and the influence of the number of kneadings at that time was examined.
図３は、練り回数１５回、加圧力１５ｋｇｆにおける水と結着剤の添加条件を変えたときの溶出試験の評価を示した表である。図３より、水の好適な添加条件が２５重量％〜２７．５重量％、結着剤の好適な添加条件が５重量％〜１５重量％であることが分かる。この傾向は、他の練り回数、加圧力においても同様である。したがって、本試験では、水の添加条件を２５重量％〜２７．５重量％、結着剤の添加条件を５重量％〜１５重量％の範囲内で行うこととした。 FIG. 3 is a table showing the evaluation of the dissolution test when the addition conditions of water and the binder were changed at a kneading frequency of 15 times and a pressure of 15 kgf. From FIG. 3, it can be seen that the preferred water addition conditions are 25 wt% to 27.5 wt%, and the preferred addition conditions for the binder are 5 wt% to 15 wt%. This tendency is the same for other kneading times and pressures. Therefore, in this test, the conditions for adding water were 25 wt% to 27.5 wt%, and the conditions for adding the binder were 5 wt% to 15 wt%.
試験に用いる供試材料として、株式会社静内衛生社製の合併浄化槽用シーディング剤を使用した。また、結着剤として、米をミキサーで粉砕し粉末状にしたもの（以下「米粉」という）を使用した。初期水分が２５重量％になるようにシーディング剤に蒸留水を添加し、調整した。米粉は、無調整で水分は約１２重量％であった。シーディング剤混合物を練る際には、これらの材料の他、水道水を混合した。 As a test material used for the test, a seeding agent for a combined septic tank manufactured by Shizunai Sanitation Co., Ltd. was used. As the binder, rice pulverized with a mixer and powdered (hereinafter referred to as “rice flour”) was used. Distilled water was added to the seeding agent to adjust the initial moisture to 25% by weight. The rice flour was unadjusted and the water content was about 12% by weight. When kneading the seeding agent mixture, tap water was mixed in addition to these materials.
試験においては、添加水量を２５重量％、２７．５重量％の２条件、結着剤添加量を５重量％、１０重量％、１５重量％の３条件、練り回数を１５回、２０回、３０回の３条件、加圧力を１５ｋｇｆ、２２．５ｋｇｆ、３０ｋｇｆとした。 In the test, the amount of water added was 2 conditions of 25% by weight and 27.5% by weight, the amount of binder added was 3 conditions of 5% by weight, 10% by weight and 15% by weight, the number of kneading was 15 times and 20 times. Three conditions of 30 times, the applied pressure was 15 kgf, 22.5 kgf, 30 kgf.
試験手順を説明する。まず、シーディング剤、結着剤、水を所定の割合で所定の回数（時間）練った。練り時間は、１５秒／回とした。練り作業は、エムケー精工株式会社製の粉ねり機ＫＮ−６０Ｗを用いて行った。シーディング剤混合物は、約３０ｇに分けた（即ち、固形化サンプルの乾燥前重量を１個当たり約３０ｇとした）。固形化用型に入れたシーディング剤混合物の上方から加圧することによって、固形化した。この際、固形化用型の下部に作用する荷重を測定した。荷重の測定は、株式会社協和電業製ＬＭ−Ａ型小型圧縮式ロードセルによって行った。また、ＭＡＳＡＤＡ ＳＥＩＳＡＫＵＳＨＯ ＭＰ−１０ ＨＡＮＤ ＰＵＭＰにより加圧した。固形化したサンプルを、６０°Ｃで２４時間静置して乾燥させた。 The test procedure will be described. First, a seeding agent, a binder, and water were kneaded a predetermined number of times (time). The kneading time was 15 seconds / time. The kneading work was performed using a powder mill KN-60W manufactured by MK Seiko Co., Ltd. The seeding agent mixture was divided into about 30 g (ie, the weight before drying of the solidified sample was about 30 g per piece). Solidification was performed by applying pressure from above the seeding agent mixture placed in the solidification mold. At this time, the load acting on the lower part of the solidifying mold was measured. The load was measured using an LM-A type compact compression load cell manufactured by Kyowa Denki Co., Ltd. Moreover, it pressurized with MASADA SEISAKUSHO MP-10 HAND PUMP. The solidified sample was allowed to stand at 60 ° C. for 24 hours and dried.
固形化し乾燥させたサンプルに対して、貫入硬度と水への溶出時間の２項目を測定した。貫入硬度は、ＦＵＤＯＨ ＲＨＥＯ ＭＥＴＥＲ ＮＲＭ２００２Ｊ（以下「レオメータ」という）によって測定した。その際、固形化サンプルをレオメータにセットし、レオメータのアタッチメントによりサンプルが貫入・破砕されたときの最大抵抗を求め、貫入硬度（ｇｆ）とした。また、固形化サンプルを（当該サンプルに対して十分多い量の）水の中に静置し、固形化サンプルが自然に水を吸収して崩壊するまでの時間を測定し、溶出時間（ｈ）とした。 Two items of penetration hardness and water elution time were measured for the solidified and dried samples. The penetration hardness was measured by FUDOH RHEO METER NRM2002J (hereinafter referred to as “rheometer”). At that time, the solidified sample was set in a rheometer, and the maximum resistance when the sample was penetrated and crushed by the attachment of the rheometer was determined as the penetration hardness (gf). In addition, the solidified sample is allowed to stand in water (a sufficient amount relative to the sample), the time until the solidified sample naturally absorbs water and disintegrates is measured, and the elution time (h) It was.
試験の結果は、図４〜図６に示す表のとおりである。図４は、練り回数３０回、２０回、１５回において水と結着剤の添加量を所定範囲内で変えた場合の硬度試験の結果を示した表である（そのうち図４（ａ）、（ｂ）、（ｃ）は硬度試験数値を示した表、図４（ｄ）、（ｅ）、（ｆ）は対応する硬度試験の評価値を示した表である）。また、図５は、練り回数３０回、２０回、１５回において水と結着剤の添加量を所定範囲内で変えた場合の溶出試験の結果を示した表である（そのうち図５（ａ）、（ｂ）、（ｃ）は溶出試験数値を示した表、図５（ｄ）、（ｅ）、（ｆ）は対応する溶出試験の評価値を示した表である）。これらの表を見ると、硬度試験、溶出試験とも、練り回数が多くなる程、試験数値および評価値が高くなっている。また、各表の左上の欄ほど（すなわち、結着剤の添加量、水の添加量が少ないほど）評価値が高くなっていることが分かる。 The results of the test are as shown in the tables shown in FIGS. FIG. 4 is a table showing the results of a hardness test when the addition amount of water and binder is changed within a predetermined range at 30 times, 20 times, and 15 times of kneading (of which FIG. 4 (a), (B) and (c) are tables showing hardness test values, and FIGS. 4 (d), (e) and (f) are tables showing evaluation values of corresponding hardness tests). FIG. 5 is a table showing the results of the dissolution test when the addition amount of water and binder was changed within a predetermined range at 30 times, 20 times, and 15 times of kneading (of which FIG. ), (B) and (c) are tables showing the dissolution test values, and FIGS. 5 (d), (e) and (f) are tables showing the evaluation values of the corresponding dissolution tests). Looking at these tables, both the hardness test and the dissolution test show higher test values and evaluation values as the number of kneading increases. Moreover, it turns out that the evaluation value is so high that the column on the upper left of each table | surface (namely, the addition amount of a binder and the addition amount of water are small).
図６は、練り回数、加圧力ごとの試験数値と評価値の各平均値を示した表である（図６（ａ）は硬度試験数値の平均値、図６（ｂ）は溶出試験数値の平均値、図６（ｃ）は硬度試験評価の平均値、図６（ｄ）は溶出試験評価の平均値を示した表である）。これらの表を見ると、硬度試験数値の平均値では、練り回数２０回においては２２．５ｋｇｆが最も良く（１９３７．５ｇｆ）、練り回数１５回においては２２．５ｋｇｆ（１８５２．２ｇｆ）が他の２条件（１５ｋｇｆ、３０ｋｇｆ）よりも低くなっている。しかしながら、９条件全てを見渡すと、硬度試験数値の平均値が最も低い場合でも、約１６００ｋｇｆ以上であって実用的に十分高い値を示しているため、硬度試験数値ではこれらの９条件は殆ど差がなく高い値を示しているといえる。次に、溶出試験では、練り回数が多くなるほど、溶出時間の平均値、評価値とも大きくなった。また、溶出時間の平均値は、練り回数３０回では加圧力２２．５ｋｇｆで最も長く（１６８．０ｈ）、練り回数２０回では加圧力が大きいほど長くなったが、いずれの場合においても加圧力毎の値はほぼ同程度である。また、さらに、練り回数１５回では、加圧力１５ｋｇｆの場合に最も長くなったが（１４０．２ｈ）、加圧力毎の値はほぼ同程度である。 FIG. 6 is a table showing average values of test values and evaluation values for each number of kneading times and applied pressures (FIG. 6 (a) is an average value of hardness test values, and FIG. 6 (b) is an elution test value). The average value, FIG. 6C is an average value of hardness test evaluation, and FIG. 6D is a table showing the average value of dissolution test evaluation). According to these tables, the average value of the hardness test values is 22.5 kgf (1937.5 gf) best when the number of kneading times is 20, and 22.5 kgf (1852.2 gf) when the number of kneading times is 15. It is lower than 2 conditions (15 kgf, 30 kgf). However, when all the nine conditions are overlooked, even if the average value of the hardness test values is the lowest, it is about 1600 kgf or higher and shows a practically sufficiently high value. It can be said that there is no high value. Next, in the dissolution test, the average value and evaluation value of dissolution time increased as the number of kneadings increased. In addition, the average value of the elution time is the longest (168.0 h) at a pressing force of 22.5 kgf when the number of kneading is 30 times, and becomes longer as the pressing force is larger at the number of kneading times of 20; Each value is almost the same. Furthermore, when the number of times of kneading was 15, the maximum was obtained when the applied pressure was 15 kgf (140.2 h), but the value for each applied pressure was approximately the same.
以上から、硬度試験、溶出試験とも、加圧力が１５ｋｇｆ以上であれば、差はそれほどないのが分かった。これにより、最適な条件の範囲は、結着剤の添加量５重量％〜１０重量％、水の添加量２５重量％〜２７．５重量％、練り回数１５回以上、加圧力１５ｋｇｆ又はそれ以上であると結論づけられる。
From the above, it was found that both the hardness test and the dissolution test were not so different when the applied pressure was 15 kgf or more. As a result, the optimum condition range is 5 to 10% by weight of binder added, 25 to 27.5% by weight of water, 15 times or more of kneading,
次に、図７を参照して、固形化されたシーディング剤１０の配置の仕方の一例について説明する。図７において、１２は処理水槽、１４は逆洗管、１６は散気装置、１８は逆洗散気装置、２０は担体、２２は担体流出防止網を表す。固形化されたシーディング剤１０は、図７に示されるように、浄化槽の担体流出防止網２２上に配置してもよく、或いはフック部材２４を用いて担体流出防止網２２から吊り下げてもよい。
Next, with reference to FIG. 7, an example of the arrangement method of the solidified seeding
本発明は、以上の発明の実施の形態に限定されることなく、特許請求の範囲に記載された発明の範囲内で、種々の変更が可能であり、それらも本発明の範囲内に包含されるものであることはいうまでもない。 The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the invention described in the claims, and these are also included in the scope of the present invention. Needless to say, it is something.
Claims (6)
前記シーディング剤に所定量の結着剤を添加して混合する段階と、
前記混合されたシーディング剤に、水を複数回に分けて添加し、水を添加する毎に前記混合されたシーディング剤と水が均一になるように練る段階と、
水が添加された前記シーディング剤を型枠に入れ、所定の圧力で加圧する段階と、
を含むことを特徴とする方法。 A method of solidifying a seeding agent produced by mixing a water adjusting material with at least one component selected from the group consisting of livestock manure, sewage sludge, and inoculum, and aerobic fermentation,
Adding and mixing a predetermined amount of the binder to the seeding agent;
Adding water to the mixed seeding agent in a plurality of times, and kneading the mixed seeding agent and water so as to be uniform each time water is added;
Placing the seeding agent to which water has been added into a mold and pressurizing at a predetermined pressure;
A method comprising the steps of:
家畜糞尿、下水汚泥、及び種菌からなる群から選択した少なくとも１種の成分と水分調整材とを混合して好気発酵させ、所定量の結着剤を添加して得られた混合物に、水を複数回に分けて添加し、水を添加する毎に前記混合物と水が均一になるように練り、型枠に入れて加圧することによって形成されるシーディング剤。 A solidified seeding agent,
At least one component selected from the group consisting of livestock manure, sewage sludge, and inoculum is mixed with a water-adjusting material and subjected to aerobic fermentation, and a mixture obtained by adding a predetermined amount of a binder is mixed with water. Is added in a plurality of times, and each time water is added, the mixture and water are kneaded so as to be uniform, placed in a mold, and pressed to form a seeding agent.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009095738A (en) * | 2007-10-16 | 2009-05-07 | Aoyama Eco System:Kk | Molding for water purification and manufacturing method of the same |
| JP2014001151A (en) * | 2012-06-15 | 2014-01-09 | Hokkaido Environment Bio Sector Co Ltd | Antibacterial deodorants |
| JP5557967B1 (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2014-07-23 | 株式会社シティック | Method for producing seeding agent |
| CN109354376A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-02-19 | 泉州师范学院 | A kind of medium and small Sediments daily maintenance dredging method |
| CN109534510A (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2019-03-29 | 青岛科技大学 | A kind of method of chemical method strengthened anaerobic ammoxidation denitrification process |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009095738A (en) * | 2007-10-16 | 2009-05-07 | Aoyama Eco System:Kk | Molding for water purification and manufacturing method of the same |
| JP2014001151A (en) * | 2012-06-15 | 2014-01-09 | Hokkaido Environment Bio Sector Co Ltd | Antibacterial deodorants |
| JP5557967B1 (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2014-07-23 | 株式会社シティック | Method for producing seeding agent |
| WO2014141406A1 (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2014-09-18 | 株式会社シティック | Method for producing seeding agent |
| EP2975005A4 (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2016-12-21 | Citic Co Ltd | Method for producing seeding agent |
| CN109354376A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-02-19 | 泉州师范学院 | A kind of medium and small Sediments daily maintenance dredging method |
| CN109354376B (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2021-04-09 | 泉州师范学院 | Daily maintainability dredging method for sediment of medium and small water bodies |
| CN109534510A (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2019-03-29 | 青岛科技大学 | A kind of method of chemical method strengthened anaerobic ammoxidation denitrification process |
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