JP2006153873A - 地上位置システムおよび方法 - Google Patents
地上位置システムおよび方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
- G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
- G01S19/03—Cooperating elements; Interaction or communication between different cooperating elements or between cooperating elements and receivers
- G01S19/05—Cooperating elements; Interaction or communication between different cooperating elements or between cooperating elements and receivers providing aiding data
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
- G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
- G01S19/03—Cooperating elements; Interaction or communication between different cooperating elements or between cooperating elements and receivers
- G01S19/09—Cooperating elements; Interaction or communication between different cooperating elements or between cooperating elements and receivers providing processing capability normally carried out by the receiver
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
- G01S19/38—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system
- G01S19/39—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system the satellite radio beacon positioning system transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
- G01S19/42—Determining position
- G01S19/48—Determining position by combining or switching between position solutions derived from the satellite radio beacon positioning system and position solutions derived from a further system
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
- G01S5/0009—Transmission of position information to remote stations
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
- G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
- G01S19/13—Receivers
- G01S19/23—Testing, monitoring, correcting or calibrating of receiver elements
- G01S19/235—Calibration of receiver components
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
- G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
- G01S19/13—Receivers
- G01S19/24—Acquisition or tracking or demodulation of signals transmitted by the system
- G01S19/25—Acquisition or tracking or demodulation of signals transmitted by the system involving aiding data received from a cooperating element, e.g. assisted GPS
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- Radio Relay Systems (AREA)
Abstract
【解決手段】モードには、移動通信機器104が機器の位置を計算するスタンドアロンモード、計算された位置を移動通信機器104が通信ネットワーク内のサーバー108、アプリケーション110、または PSAP112へ送信する自律モード、移動通信機器104が機器の位置を計算するのをネットワークが支援するネットワーク支援モード、ネットワークベースモード、およびその他のモードが含まれる。
【選択図】図1
Description
本出願は米国特許法第119条(e)に基づき、2000年8月14日受理の米国仮出願第60/225,076号、“無線ネットワーク用マルチモード全地球測位システム”(Ashutosh Pande他)を優先権主張し、同出願を本明細書に添付する。
本発明は一般に全地球衛星システム(GSS)受信器に関し、特にマルチモード全地球測位システム(GPS)用の無線ネットワークに関する。
個人向け通信システム(PCS)機器を含む、携帯電話技術(テレフォニ)が普及している。そのような機器を用いた音声、データ、およびインターネット・アクセス等の他のサービスの提供は、セルラー(携帯電話)システムの利用者にさまざまな利便性を提供している。2方向ポケットベル機能、基幹無線通信(trunked radio)、警察、消防、および救急医療施設が利用する専用移動電話(SMR)もまた移動通信に不可欠となっている。
上述の従来技術における制約を最小限にすべく、また本明細書を精読/理解した上で明らかになるその他の制約を最小限すべく、本発明は移動機器の位置を特定するためのシステム、機器および方法を開示する。本システムは地上位置サーバーおよび無線通信機器を含む。地上位置サーバーは少なくとも1個のGPS衛星から少なくとも1個の信号を受信する。無線通信機器はGPS受信器セクションを含み、GPS受信器は無線通信機器の地上位置を特定するために、スタンドアロンモードおよび少なくとも他の1つのモードとの間を選択的に切り替わることができる。無線通信機器は地上位置サーバーへ無線通信機器が特定した地上位置を選択的に送信することができる。
以下の記述において、本明細書の一部を形成するとともに、本発明の特定の実施の形態を図解する添付図面を参照する。他の実施の形態を用いてもよく、また構造的な変更を加えても本発明の範囲から逸脱しないことが理解されよう。
GPSコンポーネントを無線通信システム(携帯電話、ポケットベル、2方向ポケットベル、情報携帯端末、ブルーツース(Bluetooth)およびPCSシステムを含む)と統合する際に、GPSシステムは、典型的な無線通信システム利用者が遭遇するであろう条件下でGPS衛星を捕捉して追跡する能力を備えていなければならない。例えば、屋内利用や、超高層ビルが邪魔で衛星が観測できない都心区域等、上空が見通せない密集した都市区域での利用等、条件のいくつかは、地上基地無線通信システムでは対処できるものの、GPSシステムには好ましくない。例えば、GPS受信器がGPS衛星からの信号を捕捉して、衛星を追跡し、求められればGPSシステムへ外部情報を一切配信することなくナビゲーションを行なう従来のスタンドアロンモードGPSには、初期特定所要時間(TTFF)が長いという問題があり、さらに屋内または上空の見通しが限定された条件下でGPS衛星信号を捕捉する能力が限定される。若干の追加情報があったとしてもTTFF時間が30秒を超える場合があるが、それは天文データをGPSシステム自身が捕捉せねばならず、またそのような情報を確実に捕捉するには強力な信号を必要とするからである。GPSシステムのこれらの要件は、位置情報の可用性の信頼性だけでなく携帯無線通信システム機器の電力消費量に影響を与える。
図1にGPSアーキテクチャを示す。
上述のように本発明のシステムは、例えば信号強度、オペレーターの介在、所望または要求するサービスの種類、期待性能(例えばTTFFが数秒なのか数十秒かかるのか)等、多くの変数に依存する異なるモードで動作可能である。各モードの動作を以下に記述する。
スタンドアロンモードにおいて、移動通信機器(携帯電話器104やPDAとしても知られる)に置かれたGPS受信器202は無線通信ネットワークからは独立して動作する。GPS受信器202はGPS衛星102信号114を捕捉し、これらの信号114を用いてGPS受信器202の位置を特定する。GPS受信器202はまた、GPS衛星102信号114を用いて追跡、および必要ならばナビゲーション機能を行なう。特定された位置は移動通信機器104内部で用いられる。
自律モードにおいて携帯電話器104の位置はスタンドアロンモードと同様に、例えば携帯電話器104内のGPS受信器202によりセルラーその他の通信ネットワークから一切の支援なしに計算される。しかし、自律モードでは特定した位置を携帯電話器104内部で用いるのではなく、携帯電話器104は携帯電話器104の特定された位置を、例えば地上位置サーバー108、アプリケーション110、PSAP 112等の通信ネットワークへ無線通信ネットワークを介して返送する。
GPS受信器が無線通信ネットワークを用いてある種の位置情報をGPS受信器へ配信してGPS受信器が捕捉、追跡、およびナビゲーション機能を行なうのを“支援する”異なる動作モードが実装可能である。このような情報は、暦または代替暦情報、粗い位置情報、ドップラーデータ、捕捉した衛星の位置、時間および周波数支援、受信された無線信号の強度(GPS信号強度を推定するための参考値を得るため)、またはGPS受信器が捕捉、ナビゲート、または追跡するために必要な情報をGPS受信器が捕捉するのを支援する。そのような状況は、GPS受信器から上空の見通しが制約されている場合や、GPS受信器が遮蔽されているかGPS衛星信号が捕捉できないために自身で十分なGPS信号を捕捉することが不可能であるか、あるいは多重経路問題により衛星を追跡できない場合に起こり得る。さらに、このような状況はまた、所定のイベントにより条件付けられた利用者が望むかもしれない。例えば、携帯電話器からのE911呼び出し、利用者はTTFFが非常に短いことを望み、精度向上その他の理由により利用者はGPS計算に追加のネットワーク情報を含めるよう望むであろう。
ネットワークベースモードはまた、GPS受信器がGPS信号を全く受信できない状況でも用いることができる。その場合、GPSシステムはどのような測位情報を得るにせよ無線通信ネットワークに依存しており、その結果無線通信ネットワークにより配信される情報に“集中している”。通常、ネットワークベースモードはGPSその他の衛星情報を用いることなく位置を計算する。携帯電話器104の位置はネットワークリソース、例えば、セルラー送信塔および到着時間差(TDOA)技術から配信される。携帯電話器104の位置を特定するためにGPSその他の測位システム情報を受信することができない区域に携帯電話器104がある場合、このようなモードは有用である。
本発明のシステムは、スタンドアロン、自律、ネットワーク支援、またはネットワークベースの各モードにおいて、GPS衛星システム外からだけでなく無線通信ネットワーク外からも情報を受信することができる。例えば、自律モードまたはスタンドアロンモードにおいて、GPS受信器は音声やデータの送信にセルラー無線ネットワークを用いる一方で、GPS衛星およびブルーツース・ネットワークから情報を受信することができる。GPS捕捉、追跡、およびナビゲーション機能は、セルラーネットワークを用いずにブルーツース・ネットワークからの入力により拡張することができる。本発明の範囲の中で、ネットワーク支援またはネットワークベースモードの内部で生じる同様の働きが想定できる。さらに本発明は、無線通信ネットワーク内で利用すべくGPS情報を無線通信ネットワークへ返送する逆支援(RA)モードで動作可能である。
本発明の動作モードは、GPS受信器フレームワークにさらなる柔軟性を持たせる。TTFFを短縮する要求、ネットワーク帯域幅、または他の信号要求によりGPS受信器が制約されない場合、本発明のGPS受信器は所与の捕捉モードを自動的に選択すべくプログラム可能である。例えば、ネットワーク・トラフィックが混み合っている場合、すなわち無線通信ネットワークにおける帯域幅の可用性が小さい場合、本発明により利用者は自動的にまたは手動で自律モードまたはスタンドアロンモードを選択することができ、これは情報の支援を得るために無線通信ネットワークに依存しない。同様に、地上位置サーバー108の使用率が混み合っていて、情報支援の待ち時間が要件と合わない場合、利用者は自動的にまたは手動で自律またはスタンドアロンモードを選択することができる。しかし、無線ネットワークにおいて追加の帯域幅が利用可能であるか、または利用者がE911呼出しを行なうためにTTFFが短くなければならない場合、本発明は自律またはスタンドアロンモードの動作を手動で、または自動的に、自律またはスタンドアロン(天文データが最新であって、暗黙的支援情報がある場合)、ネットワーク基地局、ネットワーク支援モードにオーバーライドすることを許す。さらに、求められる信頼性ではネットワークが配信不可能であるか、またはネットワークに支援機能が備わっていない場合、GPSは他のモードまたは他の情報源を用いて、“拡張自律モード(AAM)”と呼ばれる動作モードで、自律またはスタンドアロンモードを拡張する。AAMは、ブルーツース、あるいは圧力計、加速度計、またはジャイロ等他のセンサーを用いて、通信用途に使われているネットワーク外でGPSを支援することができる。例えば、本発明は高層ビルの全階上でブルーツース送信機を利用して、自分の位置とフロア情報を電話へ送り、この“増補情報”はGPSが配置データを配信するために建物の中に捕捉できない場合に備えて、送られるであろう。
本発明のシステムを支援するために、多重相関を用いて、自律またはスタンドアロンモードからネットワーク支援モードまたはネットワークベースモードへの切り替えを少なくしてシステムのTTFFを短縮し、より正確な位値またはより信頼性の高い結果を提供することができる。
GPS受信器(クライアントとしても知られる)および無線通信システム(サーバーとも呼ばれる)が捕捉、追跡、およびナビゲーションタスクの動作負荷を知的な仕方で分散可能にすることにより、本発明は捕捉を高速化し、TTFF時間を短縮し、GPS受信器システムを部分的に停止したり選択的に起動可能にして移動機器のGPS部の電力消費を低減させることができる。
本発明はまた、送信ビームを携帯電話器の方へ向けるべく無線通信システムを逆向きに支援(RA)することが可能な位置特定機器と無線通信システム設備の間で共通の周波数基準を共有するための装置を含む。これにより無線通信システムは各移動通信利用者に狙いを定めた成形送信ビームを向けたり形成する位相化配列技術を利用できるため、セル内部でさらに周波数の再利用やコードの再利用が可能になる。これにより形成または方向付けられた光線は通常、全方位ビームパターンよりもゲインが大きいため、基地局送信機の消費電力がより少なくなるとともに、移動通信利用者側の消費電力も少なくて済む。本発明のこの特徴により通信リンクを最適化して無線通信システム基地局の容量を増強するのに役立ち、コード分割多重アクセス(CDMA)ネットワークが非常に有用である。その理由は、CDMAネットワークの容量がコード効率ではなく、ネットワークに入る利用者が増えるにつれて増大するノイズ下限により制約されるためである。
無線ネットワークシステムは通常、高品質の基準クロックを備えており、CDMA等ある種の無線ネットワークシステムは絶対GPS時間に同期させられている。本発明は、無線ネットワーク周波数基準を携帯受信器のGPSセクションへ転送してGPSクロック周波数オフセットを推定し、周波数の不確定性を大幅に減少させることができる。GPS時間基準はまた、GPSセクションへ転送されてGPSクロック時間を設定することができる。時間と周波数を転送する主な目的は、受信器側のクロック時間と周波数の不確定要素を減らし、それによりはTTFFを短縮するためである。時間転送はまた感度の向上にも寄与することができる。
図5に、本発明と共に用いられる時間転送機構を示す。
図6に、本発明と共に用いられる周波数転送を示す。
図8は、本発明を実施するために用いられるステップを示すフローチャートである。ブロック800は、移動機器において少なくとも1個のGPS衛星から少なくとも1個の信号を受信する様子を示し、その中で移動機器はスタンドアロンモードと少なくとも1個の別モードの間を選択的に切り替わることができる。ブロック802は、移動機器の地上位置を特定する様子を示す。ブロック804は、移動機器の特定された地上位置を無線ネットワークを介して選択的に地上位置サーバーへ送信する様子を示す。
これをもって本発明の好適な実施の形態の記述を終える。以下の段落は同じ目的を実現するためのいくつかの代替的な方法を記述する。本発明はGPSシステムに関して記述されているが、本発明の範囲から逸脱することなく任意の衛星測位システム(SATPS)で利用できる。さらに、携帯電話システムに関して記述しているが、本発明の範囲から逸脱することなく他の無線または有線システムを本明細書に記述された携帯電話システムの代わりに、または組み合わせて用いることができる。本発明の範囲から逸脱することなく他の周波数転送および時間転送方法を用いることも可能である。
Claims (19)
- 少なくとも1個のGPS衛星から少なくとも1個の信号を受信する地上位置サーバーと、
GPS受信器セクションを含む無線通信機器とを含み、
前記GPS受信器は、前記無線通信機器の地上位置を特定すべくスタンドアロンモードと少なくとも1個の別モードの間を選択的に切り替わることが可能であり、
前記少なくとも1個の別モードは自律モード、ネットワーク支援モード、およびネットワーク集中モードを含むグループから選択され、
前記選択的切り替わりは前記無線通信機器の地上位置の特定とほぼ同時に生起し、
前記無線通信機器は前記無線通信機器の特定された地上位置を前記地上位置サーバーへ選択的に送信することが可能である、地上位置システム。 - 前記GPS受信器の前記選択的切り替わりは前記無線通信機器により自動的に行なわれる、請求項1に記載の地上位置システム。
- 前記GPS受信器の前記選択的切り替わりは前記無線通信機器において手動で行なわれる、請求項1に記載の地上位置システム。
- 前記無線通信機器の特定された地上位置の前記選択的送信は前記無線通信機器により自動的に行なわれる、請求項1に記載の地上位置システム。
- 前記無線通信機器の特定された地上位置の前記選択的送信は前記無線通信機器において手動で行なわれる、請求項1に記載の地上位置システム。
- 前記GPS受信器は、所定のイベントが生起した場合に、スタンドアロンモードと少なくとも1個の別モードの間を切り替わる、請求項1に記載の地上位置システム。
- 前記所定のイベントは利用者により手動で選択される、請求項6に記載の地上位置システム。
- 前記所定のイベントは少なくとも1個のGPS衛星信号の初期捕捉である、請求項6に記載の地上位置システム。
- 前記GPS受信器の前記選択的切り替わりは、前記受信器を前記少なくとも1個の別モードからスタンドアロンモードへ切り替えることである、請求項8に記載の地上位置システム。
- 前記少なくとも1個の別モードはネットワーク支援モードである、請求項9に記載の地上位置システム。
- 前記少なくとも1個の別モードはさらに逆支援モードを含む、請求項10に記載の地上位置システム。
- 前記無線通信機器は第二の情報源から情報を受信することができる、請求項11に記載の地上位置システム。
- 前記第二の情報源は、ブルーツース(bluetooth)ネットワーク、専用移動無線ネットワーク、個人通信システム(PCS)ネットワーク、無線ローカルエリア・ネットワーク、赤外線ネットワーク、ポケットベルネットワーク、双方向ポケットベルネットワーク、あるいはFM放送ネットワークを含むグループから選択されている、請求項12に記載の地上位置システム。
- 前記無線通信機器の地上位置は、GPS衛星信号および前記第二の情報源を用いて特定される、請求項13に記載の地上位置システム。
- 前記無線通信機器は、前記無線通信機器の特定された地上位置を選択的に表示する、請求項6に記載の地上位置システム。
- 移動機器の地上位置を特定する方法であって、
前記移動機器において少なくとも1個のGPS衛星から少なくとも1個の信号を受信するステップと、
前記移動機器の地上位置を特定するステップと、
前記移動機器の前記特定された地上位置を無線ネットワークを介して地上位置サーバーへ選択的に送信するステップとを含み、
前記移動機器は、スタンドアロンモードおよび少なくとも1個の別モードを含むグループから選択されたモードへ選択的に切り替わることが可能であり、
前記少なくとも1個の別モードは、自律モード、ネットワーク支援モード、およびネットワーク集中モードを含むグループから選択されていて、
前記地上位置は、前記選択されたモードへの切り替えとほぼ同時に、前記選択されたモードを用いて特定される方法。 - 前記地上位置の特定は、前記移動機器により行なわれる、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記地上位置の前記選択的送信は前記移動機器により行なわれ、前記地上位置は前記移動機器から前記地上位置サーバーへ送信される、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 無線通信機器であって、
無線通信ネットワークと通信するための呼処理セクションと、
GPS受信器セクションとを含み、
前記GPS受信器セクションは、前記無線通信機器の地上位置を特定すべくスタンドアロンモードと少なくとも1個の別モードとの間を切り替え可能であり、
前記少なくとも1個の別モードは、自律モード、ネットワーク支援モード、およびネットワーク集中モードを含むグループから選択されていて、
前記選択的切り替えは、前記無線通信機器の前記地上位置の特定とほぼ同時に行なわれ、
前記無線通信機器は、前記無線通信機器の前記特定された地上位置を前記呼処理セクションへ選択的に送信して前記無線通信ネットワーク経由の転送が可能である無線通信機器。
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2001
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2008047521A1 (fr) * | 2006-10-18 | 2008-04-24 | Nec Corporation | Terminal de communication mobile avec fonction gps, système de positionnement, procédé de commande de fonctionnement et programme |
US8345658B2 (en) | 2006-10-18 | 2013-01-01 | Nec Corporation | Mobile communication terminal with GPS function, positioning system, operation control method, and program |
JP2012145465A (ja) * | 2011-01-13 | 2012-08-02 | Seiko Epson Corp | 位置算出方法及び電子機器 |
Also Published As
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US7577448B2 (en) | 2009-08-18 |
JP2006121730A (ja) | 2006-05-11 |
US6389291B1 (en) | 2002-05-14 |
JP3754672B2 (ja) | 2006-03-15 |
EP1316228B1 (en) | 2006-03-01 |
WO2002015612B1 (en) | 2002-05-23 |
JP3964917B2 (ja) | 2007-08-22 |
DE60117538D1 (de) | 2006-04-27 |
US20020183076A1 (en) | 2002-12-05 |
EP1316228A4 (en) | 2004-03-17 |
WO2002015612A1 (en) | 2002-02-21 |
US6519466B2 (en) | 2003-02-11 |
ATE319106T1 (de) | 2006-03-15 |
JP4850491B2 (ja) | 2012-01-11 |
JP2004507186A (ja) | 2004-03-04 |
DE60117538T2 (de) | 2007-01-11 |
US20020086684A1 (en) | 2002-07-04 |
ES2254428T3 (es) | 2006-06-16 |
EP1316228A1 (en) | 2003-06-04 |
AU2001262959A1 (en) | 2002-02-25 |
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