CN1729405A - 在通信定位设备中的频率管理 - Google Patents
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- H03J7/02—Automatic frequency control
- H03J7/04—Automatic frequency control where the frequency control is accomplished by varying the electrical characteristics of a non-mechanically adjustable element or where the nature of the frequency controlling element is not significant
- H03J7/06—Automatic frequency control where the frequency control is accomplished by varying the electrical characteristics of a non-mechanically adjustable element or where the nature of the frequency controlling element is not significant using counters or frequency dividers
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- H03L7/18—Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop using a frequency divider or counter in the loop
- H03L7/183—Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop using a frequency divider or counter in the loop a time difference being used for locking the loop, the counter counting between fixed numbers or the frequency divider dividing by a fixed number
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- H03L7/22—Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop using more than one loop
- H03L7/23—Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop using more than one loop with pulse counters or frequency dividers
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- H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
- H04B1/3805—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving with built-in auxiliary receivers
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Abstract
本发明公开一种用于诸如蜂窝/GPS或其他组合设备的混合通信/定位设备的频率管理机制,其使用晶体振荡器或其他部分产生本地时钟信号(102)用于设备的通信部分。可通过自动频率控制(AFC)电路或软件来校正振荡器输出,以驱动时钟信号的频率到高的精确度。基振荡器可以传递到锁相环(110)来驱动高频时钟,用于混合设备的蜂窝(120)或其他通信部分,该时钟信号也可以变频以驱动GPS(124)或其他定位接收机。从射频参考中提取基GPS时钟避免了用于混合设备该部分的第二振荡器或合成器的需要。在实施例中,调谐在蜂窝时钟上的AFC可以省略,可通过频率预缩放器或其他模块来调节下分频用于传递到GPS或其他定位接收机的高频时钟信号。
Description
相关申请交叉引用
本申请涉及并要求2002年5月17日提交的美国临时申请No.60/380,832的优先权益,在此通过引用将其结合进来参考。本申请还与同本申请同日提交的题为“SYSTEM AND METHOD FORFREQUENCY MANAGEMENT IN A COMMUNICATIONSPOSITIONING DEVICE”的美国申请No._____(美国代理人案卷号CM03713J)相关,该申请与本申请具有相同的发明人,转让或义务转让给与本申请相同的实体,并且在此通过引用将其结合进本申请作为参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及通信领域,更具体涉及用于在具有定位功能(诸如全球定位系统GPS或其他位置服务)的蜂窝电话或其他通信设备中产生和管理精确频率源的技术。
背景技术
GPS接收机的特征在于诸如获取和追踪时间的性能标准,其反映出了检测和锁定GPS卫星信号所需的处理量以及开始精确报告用户位置所需的时间量。获取、追踪、灵敏度和GPS接收机的其他性能参数可受到各种不同因素的影响。这些因素包括在设备内可产生和管理用于射频检测或其他用途的频率参考的精确度。用于民用粗获取(C/A)用途的L1 GPS信号从相关的NAVSTAR卫星以1.575GHz进行广播。俄罗斯GLONASS卫星以相同的频率范围进行广播。
手持、车载、固定和其他GPS和其他定位接收机在其时钟内,通常在每百万有几个部分(a few parts per million)或更少的范围内,要求频率稳定性,以从那些信号中准确得出多普勒和其他数据,因此在合理的获取时间内进行对精确接收机位置的三角测量。
近来,市场趋势发展朝向组合其他通信服务的GPS功能。各种无线设备,诸如蜂窝电话、数字寻呼机、无线个人数字助理、802.11a以及其他客户端,可以都与GPS位置接收机组合用于各种不同的应用。
但是,通常用于蜂窝电话和其他通信设备中的参考时钟的精确度通常不像有用的GPS服务那么高,在GPS服务中可能要求精确度扩展到每百万至少几部分内,下至每百万十分之一部分或更少,用于增加的追踪性能。另一方面,蜂窝电话可包含未补偿的振荡器,精确到每百万可能仅五个到十个部分,这取决于实现。蜂窝设备可以忍受更高频率可变性,部分地因为手机或其他设备能够从基站或无线网络自身得到稳定频率参考。
在联邦通信委员会所要求的GPS接收机组合蜂窝电话用于主叫定位服务的例子中,蜂窝电话的本地晶体振荡器调谐到16.8MHz或另一基频,例如可具有±30ppm左右的频率变动。蜂窝手机的内部时钟因此可能不足以自己在组合设备中驱动GPS电路用于有用的GPS操作。工作在普通晶体振荡器上的温度补偿电路可以改善频率参考±5ppm左右,尽管这些类型的部件可能添加相对低成本的移动设备的成本。诸如提供两个校正的参考振荡器(一个用于GPS,一个用于不同频率的蜂窝或其他通信设备)的解决方案例如可能在组合设备上不够经济。还存在其他问题。
发明内容
本发明克服了现有技术中的这些和其他的问题,涉及一种用于在组合通信/定位系统中进行频率管理的系统和方法,其中,可从用于驱动设备通信端上信号解调的高频参考中提取稳定基参考用于GPS。因此本发明允许从一个源控制蜂窝和GPS电路,无需设备GPS接收机部分中的第二振荡器。根据这一点上的本发明,GPS电路可由来自产生无线电本地振荡器用于解调、下变频或其他通信操作的锁相环、降频到合适基GPS频率的信号驱动。可使用例如软件温度校正、硬件温度校正、制造时的频偏测量、自动频率控制(AFC)或其他技术来校正驱动组合设备的通信部分的基振荡器,以将设备通信部分中的精确度建立到±5ppm左右。GPS接收机部件因此可以相应的精确度驱动,并且因此不需要具有自己的本地振荡器,同时仍能以相对较低成本获得足够的GPS性能。
附图说明
下面将结合附图说明本发明,在图中,相似的组件标以相似的标号,其中:
图1说明了根据本发明实施例的频率管理结构。
图2说明了根据本发明实施例的频率管理处理的流程图。
图3说明了根据本发明实施例的频率管理结构。
图4说明了根据本发明实施例的频率管理结构。
具体实施方式
在图1中说明了可实现根据本发明的频率管理系统的结构,其中,组合通信/定位设备包含了GPS接收机124和通信收发机120。组合设备的通信收发机120可以是,或者包括,例如便携无线电设备、蜂窝电话、双向或其他寻呼机、无线调制解调器、无线个人数字助理或者可接收或发送无线电、光或其他无线通信信号的其他设备。
如图所示的组合通信/定位设备可包含基振荡器102,以提供频率参考,最终驱动通信收发机120。在实施例中,基振荡器102可以是自由运转的、无补偿的参考部分。基振荡器103的基频可设置为与蜂窝或者其他在800/900MHz、1900MHz或其他频率范围的操作相一致的值。例如,基振荡器102可以设置为16.8MHz或者其他可相乘得到载波范围的频率。未补偿的晶体振荡器,诸如可以用于实现基振荡器102,通常可以自身展示出例如±30ppm左右的频率偏差。
在实施例中,可以使用硬件、软件或提高频率稳定性的其他技术来处理或校正基振荡器102的输出。控制基振荡器102的技术可以包括,例如,使用制造厂测量数据104来补偿检测到的制造部分中的频偏以及其他人为偏差。制造厂测量数据104可以储存在组合设备中,用于在操作中通过软件等重新确定基振荡器102的中心频率。也可能采用其他的调节手段。
在实施例中,使用温度频率控制模块106,基振荡器102同样可以在频率漂移或其他与变换温度有关的人为偏差方面有所控制。温度频率控制模块106在实施例中可以使用硬件、软件、固件或其组合来实现,以校正基振荡器102。
例如,温度频率控制模块106可以在实施例中在基振荡器102中使用诸如温控晶体振荡器(TCXO)或其他硬件校正振荡器或参考部分的硬件部件来组合而成。硬件TXCO例如可展示±5ppm左右的频率精确度,这取决于制造、设计或其他因素。
在实施例中,温度频率控制模块106可使用诸如温度频率控制(TFC)或其他算法的软件控制来实现,以基于例如温度、功率和其他参数来感应和调节频率设定。
在实施例中可以处理基振荡器102的输出,从而进一步增加频率参考的精确度。如图1所示,频率追踪控制模块108可向基振荡器102施加校正,以增加频率输出的精确度。在实施例中,频率追踪控制模块108可以实现为硬件、软件、固件或其组合。
在实施例中,频率追踪控制模块108可以实现为硬件,诸如超外差的、直接转换的或锁定到蜂窝或其他载波的其他类型的自动频率控制(AFC)电路。
在实施例中,频率追踪控制模块108可以实现为软件算法,通过逻辑编程等方法将校正施加到合成器或其他相关部分,以获得增强的频率精度。
在蜂窝或其他通信网络中,通过频率追踪控制模块108校正的频率参考的精确度例如可达到±0.2ppm左右,这部分地因为蜂窝或其他基站可维持可在其通信信道上广播的精确铯时钟或其他时钟参考。所示的频率追踪控制模块108例如可以与通信收发机120通信并从那里接收输入来通过负反馈或其他技术进行频率追踪。
如所示的频率追踪控制模块108可施加到锁相环110来驱动用于蜂窝或其他通信或其他操作的工作频率。锁相环110可以包括相位比较器112,用于比较基振荡器102的相位和高频振荡器116的相位。高频振荡器116例如可以实现为压控高频振荡器(VCO),其产生例如800/900MHz、1900MHz或其他用于蜂窝或其他操作的范围的频率。环路滤波器114可以对相位比较器112的输出进行低通滤波,以去除高频人为信号或其他噪声。
环路滤波器114的输出可以驱动高频振荡器116到工作频率,其通过环路分频器118提供的返回来完成到相位比较器112的闭环反馈环路。由此将高频振荡器116的相位锁定到基振荡器102的相位,从而使它们之间的相位角在操作期间保持为0或者接近0,或者保持固定或接近固定的间距。
高频振荡器116的时钟参考形成了锁相环110的输出,可驱动通信收发机120解调、下变频和接收广播到通信设备的无线信号,或进行其他通信操作。在图1所示实施例中,制造厂测量数据104、温度频率控制模块106和频率追踪控制模块108中的每个都可以同样与锁相环110的环路分频器通信连接,以同用于驱动通信收发机120的锁相环110输出的调节相关。例如,在实施例中,根据来自这些相关数据或模块的输入,可对环路分频器118的比率进行相对较精细的或其他的调节。
根据本发明实施例,锁相环110的输出可以用于驱动组合设备内的GPS接收机124。GPS接收机124因此可以捕捉和追踪GPS信号,而无需由于包括附加本地振荡器及相关自动频率控制(AFC)或其他信号处理电路或用于提高组合设备部分频率参考的软件而增加的成本。
根据图1所示的实施例,从锁相环110输出的频率参考可被从通信或其他电路传送到GPS接收机124,而不需GPS接收机124中的本地振荡器装置。在该实施例中,得自基振荡器102的频率参考例如可通过GPS分频器122分频为想要的GPS频率。如所示的GPS分频器122可同样与频率追踪控制模块108通信并从中接收输入,以使分频器比率或其他调节处理参数精细。可通过滤波器128传送GPS分频器122的输出,以消除噪声、隔离解调频率或进行其他信号调整。在实施例中,可以使用GPS分频器122作为单独部分,通过包含为合成器或其他部分一部分的附属合成器预缩放器、或者通过其他部分或软件来进行分频。
由于GPS分频器122的输出的精确度可通过温度、AFC、锁相环或其他校正的处理来追踪基振荡器102的精确度,在实施例中,下变频过程可提供参考信号给具有±5ppm到0.2ppm左右的精确度的GPS接收机124。这可以避免在GPS接收机124本身中引入独立振荡器或设置锁相环的需要,减少了成本并增加了最终设备中的可靠性。
在图2中说明了根据本发明的处理。在步骤202,处理开始。在步骤204,基振荡器102可产生16.8MHz或其他时钟参考信号,用于通信或其他用途。在步骤206,可施加偏移校正(如果使用)以基于制造厂测量数据104或其他数据确定基振荡器102的输出的中心或校正基振荡器102的输出。在步骤208,可施加使用温度频率控制模块106的温度校正(如果使用)来校正基振荡器102的输出,以增加频率精确度或稳定性,例如使用软件、电路或其他技术。
在步骤210,基振荡器102的输出可传输到锁相环110。在步骤212,锁相环110可以将高频振荡器116的相位锁定到基振荡器102的相位。在步骤214,锁相环110的输出可驱动通信收发机120,例如用于蜂窝或其他操作。
在步骤216,通信收发机120可向蜂窝基站或其他远程单元或其他收发机注册或与之通信。在步骤218,可在基振荡器102上进行AFC或其他频率追踪控制,例如通过软件、电路或其他技术。
在步骤220,锁相环110的输出可传送到GPS分频器122,例如将进入的参考信号下分频到用于驱动GPS操作的频率,例如24.5535MHz或其他频率。
在步骤222,GPS分频器122可根据分频比率产生输出参考信号,在实施例中可以根据通信或其他条件将其编程或者动态调节。在其他实施例中,分频比率可以是硬连线的、或者闪存存储的或者被设置为保持相对静态。
在步骤224,GPS分频器122的输出可通过例如滤波器128驱动GPS接收机124用于射频解调或其他操作。在步骤226,处理可结束、重复或返回到先前的处理点。
在图3所示的本发明的实施例中,如果在给定实现中不需要校正来获得满意精确度的话,基振荡器102的输出可传送到锁相环110而省略任何的频率追踪控制模块。在这样的实施例中,GPS分频器122的分频比率可动态地调节,例如通过精细增量,从而调谐传递到GPS接收机124的最终GPS频率参考,而不受益于AFC或其他电路或算法。在此情况下,其他补偿,诸如制造厂测量数据104和温度频率控制模块106进行或实施的补偿,可以仍在基振荡器102上进行,且传送到环路分频器118或锁相环110的其他部分。对基振荡器102的其他类型的校正或补偿,诸如使用制造厂测量数据104或其他数据的校正,可以单独或者结合温度控制或其他技术施加。
注意,在实施例中,例如可通过相对精细调节的量或者在实现中更粗或更细的量来调节GPS分频器122的分频比率以改变传递到GPS接收机124的时钟参考。分频比率可能是(说明性的)整数N,也有可能是浮点数或其他分频比率。在实施例中,忽略在基振荡器102上的频率追踪校正或其他类型补偿,这可能部分地取决于诸如通信收发机120的频率范围、制造过程中检测到的基振荡器102的偏移、GPS分频器122实施的分频比率的数字精度等因素。
在图4所示的实施例中,锁相环110可驱动合成器126或其他部分来产生其他想要的频率,用于蜂窝或其他操作,而不是直接驱动通信收发机120。根据该实施例,频率参考可以被编程或根据设计需要缩放,诸如用于蜂窝手机的多频带操作或其他实现。同样地,在实施例中,GPS分频器122可驱动合成器或其他部分来产生想要的频率范围,而不是直接驱动GPS接收机124。其他的组合也有可能。
本发明的上述描述是说明性的,本领域技术人员可对其在配置和实现上进行改变。例如,尽管通常根据负反馈布局描述了将高频振荡器116锁定到基振荡器102的第一锁相环110,包括比较器、环路滤波器、高频振荡器和反馈分频器,在实施例中,锁相功能也可在其他电路配置中通过软件算法或硬件和软件的其他组合来实现。
而且,尽管通常根据配备有定位功能的蜂窝电话描述了通信收发机120及相关电路,也可使用其他通信接收机或收发机。例如,在实施例中,可以实现被动通信接收机而不是双向通信收发机120。可使用其他接收机、收发机、调制解调器或其他通信部件。例如,在实施例中,可使用基于卫星的通信接收机或收发机、数据链路或其他有线、无线、光和其他接口或信道。类似地,尽管通常根据作为定位接收机的GPS设备描述了本发明,也可使用其他的定位系统或定位系统的组合。而且,尽管通常根据成对的通信和定位接收机、调制解调器或单元来描述了本发明,在实施例中,也可使用三个或更多的通信、定位或其他接收机、调制解调器或其他通信设备。因此,本发明希望仅由所附权利要求书限定。
Claims (40)
1.一种用于在混合通信设备中产生频率参考的系统,包括:
混合通信设备的通信部分中的时钟源,所述时钟源产生第一频率的时钟信号;
频率校正模块,与所述时钟源通信,所述频率校正模块产生校正的第一频率的时钟信号;
变频器,所述变频器与所述频率校正模块通信以接收校正的第一频率的时钟信号,并输出第二频率的时钟信号以操作混合通信设备的定位接收机部分来接收无线定位信号。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述通信部分包括蜂窝电话、双向寻呼机和可联网的无线通信设备中的至少一个。
3.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述时钟源包括振荡器。
4.根据权利要求3所述的系统,其中,所述时钟源包括合成器。
5.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述频率校正模块包括温度频率控制模块。
6.根据权利要求5所述的系统,其中,所述温度频率控制模块包括温度频率控制算法。
7.根据权利要求5所述的系统,其中,所述温度频率控制模块包括温度频率控制电路。
8.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述频率校正模块包括自动频率控制模块。
9.根据权利要求8所述的系统,其中,所述自动频率控制模块包括自动频率控制电路。
10.根据权利要求8所述的系统,其中,所述自动频率控制模块包括自动频率控制算法。
11.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述频率校正模块操作在制造容差数据上。
12.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述变频器包括分频器。
13.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述定位接收机部分包括全球定位系统接收机。
14.一种用于在混合通信设备中产生频率参考的方法,包括:
在混合通信设备的通信部分中产生第一频率的时钟信号;
根据第一频率的时钟信号,产生校正的第一频率的时钟信号;
根据校正的第一频率的时钟信号,产生第二频率的时钟信号,以操作混合通信设备的定位接收机部分来接收无线定位信号。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其中,所述通信部分包括蜂窝电话、双向寻呼机和可联网的无线通信设备中的至少一个。
16.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其中,所述产生第一频率的时钟信号的步骤包括激励振荡器的步骤。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中,所述产生第一频率的时钟信号的步骤包括操作合成器。
18.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其中,所述产生校正的第一频率的时钟信号的步骤包括施加温度频率控制模块的步骤。
19.根据权利要求18所述的方法,其中,所述施加温度频率控制模块的步骤包括执行温度频率控制算法的步骤。
20.根据权利要求18所述的方法,其中,所述施加温度频率控制模块的步骤包括操作温度频率控制电路的步骤。
21.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其中,所述产生校正的第一频率的时钟信号的步骤包括操作自动频率控制模块。
22.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其中,所述操作自动频率控制模块的步骤包括操作自动频率控制电路的步骤。
23.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其中,所述操作自动频率控制模块的步骤包括执行自动频率控制算法的步骤。
24.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其中,所述产生校正的第一频率的时钟信号的步骤包括操作在制造容差数据上的步骤。
25.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其中,所述产生第二频率的时钟信号的步骤包括操作分频器的步骤。
26.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其中,所述定位接收机部分包括全球定位系统接收机。
27.一种用于在混合通信设备中产生频率参考的系统,包括:
混合通信设备的通信部分中的时钟源,所述时钟源产生第一频率的时钟信号;
变频器,所述变频器与所述时钟源通信以接收第一频率的时钟信号,并输出第二频率的时钟信号,所述第二频率用于操作混合通信设备的定位接收机部分来接收无线定位信号。
28.根据权利要求27所述的系统,其中,所述通信部分包括蜂窝电话、双向寻呼机和可联网的无线通信设备中的至少一个。
29.根据权利要求27所述的系统,其中,所述时钟源包括振荡器。
30.根据权利要求29所述的系统,其中,所述时钟源包括合成器。
31.根据权利要求27所述的系统,其中,所述变频器包括分频器。
32.根据权利要求27所述的系统,其中,所述变频器包括预缩放器。
33.根据权利要求27所述的系统,其中,所述定位接收机部分包括全球定位系统接收机。
34.一种用于在混合通信设备中产生频率参考的方法,包括:
在混合通信设备的通信部分中产生第一频率的时钟信号;
根据第一频率的时钟信号,产生第二频率的时钟信号,所述第二频率用于操作混合通信设备的定位接收机部分来接收无线定位信号。
35.根据权利要求34所述的方法,其中,所述通信部分包括蜂窝电话、双向寻呼机和可联网的无线通信设备中的至少一个。
36.根据权利要求34所述的方法,其中,所述产生第一频率的时钟信号的步骤包括激励振荡器的步骤。
37.根据权利要求36所述的方法,其中,所述产生第一频率的时钟信号的步骤包括操作合成器的步骤。
38.根据权利要求34所述的方法,其中,所述产生第二频率的时钟信号的步骤包括对第一频率的时钟信号分频的步骤。
39.根据权利要求38所述的方法,其中,所述产生第二频率的时钟信号的步骤包括操作预缩放器的步骤。
40.根据权利要求34所述的系统,其中,所述定位接收机部分包括全球定位系统接收机。
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WO2003098817A2 (en) | 2003-11-27 |
KR100726108B1 (ko) | 2007-06-12 |
CN1653351A (zh) | 2005-08-10 |
US20030214432A1 (en) | 2003-11-20 |
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AU2003229308A1 (en) | 2003-12-02 |
JP2006506832A (ja) | 2006-02-23 |
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AU2003233548A1 (en) | 2003-12-02 |
US6867734B2 (en) | 2005-03-15 |
EP1512026A2 (en) | 2005-03-09 |
CN100531007C (zh) | 2009-08-19 |
KR100729164B1 (ko) | 2007-06-19 |
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