JP2006151787A - Humification accelerating agent, method of humifying organic material and humified material - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a humification accelerating agent capable of effectively humifying an organic material or an organic decomposed material, a humifying method using the same and a humified material using them. <P>SOLUTION: The humified material is produced at an early date by adding the humification accelerating agent comprising an alkali compound and an iron compound to organic waste such as domestic animal excreta, garbage, organic sludge, compost or the like to accelerate the humification. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to an organic matter humification promoter, a humification method, and a humic substance obtained by these.

  Organic matter such as animal and plant bodies and animal excrement are decomposed by microorganisms in the soil and become nutrients such as ammonia and are absorbed by plants. In this process, some of them become low-molecular organic substances such as sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids, which are repeatedly decomposed and re-synthesized by microorganisms. Furthermore, it takes a long time to be catalyzed by inorganic components such as clay, and finally becomes humic substance, which is an amorphous macromolecular organic compound. In the process of producing humic substances (humusification process), the color changes to yellow, reddish brown, black brown and dark with the progress. Therefore, it is generally said that dark soil has a high content of humic substances and is fertile.

  Agricultural productivity has been remarkably improved by chemical fertilizers, but on the other hand, the amount of organic matter reduced to the soil is reduced, and the humic substances in the soil are not synthesized, leading to a decrease in geopower. Although application of compost to compensate for this is effective, microbial materials and the like added during conventional compost production are aimed at decomposing organic matter, and are not targeted at the generation of humic substances.

  The definition and fractionation of humic substances are determined by the International Humic Substitutes Society (abbreviated as IHSS). According to this, humic substances are fractions obtained by extracting soil with alkali such as NaOH, or fractions adsorbed by hydrophobic water such as XAD and PVP with natural water and eluted with dilute alkaline aqueous solution. Among these, the fraction precipitated with acid is called humic acid or humic acid, and the fraction not precipitated is called fulvic acid.

  The formation process of humic substances has been actively discussed for a long time because of its agricultural significance, but no conclusion has yet been reached. The production involves many kinds of substances and complex and diverse reactions, but it is thought that the function of inorganic components in the soil is greatly involved.

  Soil fertility is also expressed in terms of “geopower”. “Ground power” is defined as “productivity of farmland derived from the nature of the soil” according to the Geopower Promotion Law enacted in 1984. There is a close relationship between geological power and humic substances, and an increase in humic substance in the soil means an improvement in geological power.

  When chemical fertilizer is used continuously without applying organic matter, humic substances in the soil are degraded. The decomposition rate is said to be about 5% per year. If the average humus content in farmland is 5%, there will be about 20 tons of humic substance per 10a, and then about 1 ton will be lost per year. The decline in geopower due to the loss of humus is getting worse.

  Humic substances have a great influence on the physical, chemical and biological structure of the soil and have a great influence on the improvement of crop productivity.

  Since soil containing a lot of humic substances is combined with fine clay particles to change the physical properties of the soil, it improves the water permeability, water retention and air permeability of the soil. The chemical effect increases the buffering action against pH change and the like. In addition, since humus is negatively charged, it absorbs essential nutrients for plant growth such as ammonium ion, potassium ion, magnesium ion and calcium ion to enhance the fertilizer effect and prevent the outflow of fertilizer.

  The humic substance has a function of firmly binding and inactivating aluminum, which is a growth inhibitory component for the plant, and promotes the improvement of fertilization and migration and diffusion of phosphoric acid that easily binds to aluminum.

  In terms of biological effects, humic substances are considered to be resistant to plant diseases because they exhibit the physiologically active functions of plant hormones such as auxin and cytokinin. Due to these functions of humic substances, the application of humic substances to farmland suggests the possibility of reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

  Furthermore, in the engineering field, humic substances are attracting attention for the detoxification of hexavalent chromium and the detoxification of organic halides such as dechlorination of organic halides. It is also widely applied to deodorization by applying the adsorption performance of humic substances.

  The amount and extent of humus is maintained at a constant equilibrium depending on the temperature (ground temperature), soil moisture, ground vegetation, and clay content. If the vegetation on the ground changes due to climate change or cultivated land, the quantity and quality of humic substances will shift to a new equilibrium state.

  When mountains, hills, and grasslands are cleared and used as agricultural land, the amount of plant remains reduced to soil in the agricultural ecosystem is significantly less than in natural ecosystems. In addition, the soil is aerobic and the activity of microorganisms is increased by cultivation, so that the amount of readily decomposable humus is increased and the humus content is reduced. There is application of organic matter such as compost as a means to supplement these lost humus, but compost that has been decomposed by microorganisms but not humus is further decomposed and re-synthesized in the soil. It takes a long time to stabilize and it is never efficient. It is desirable that the organic matter introduced into the soil such as compost is finally put into a stable humus state.

  In recent years, active research and development has been carried out in order to compost organic waste such as plant residues, livestock excrement, and straw into compost and return it to farmland. However, composting here is the decomposition of organic matter into lower molecular sugars, amino acids, and proteins by microorganisms, and has not led to the generation of humus, which is a more stable form. In order to fertilize the soil, humification is essential, but no means for promoting humification other than temperature and humidity control has been found so far, and establishment of more efficient humification technology is desired. Yes.

  If it becomes possible to produce humic substances in a short time and arbitrarily by the development of humus promoting materials, not only can the produced humus be reduced to farmland, but also in more engineering fields such as soil purification and deodorization. In addition to expectation of application, it can be expected to open the way to extraction of useful substances such as plant hormone-like substances from humic substances by arbitrarily generating humus. In addition, the various functions of humic substances increase the geological power, increase the physiological activity and disease resistance inherent in plants, and are expected to be effective in reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Use of is effective.

  The inventors of the present application have studied materials that promote the humification of livestock excrement, and have found that humification can be promoted by simultaneously mixing an alkali compound and an iron compound into the livestock excrement.

  The present invention is based on this technical discovery, and an object thereof is to provide a humification promoting material capable of effectively humifying an organic matter or an organic matter decomposition product, a humification method using the same, and a humic substance produced thereby. And

  The humification promoting material of the invention of claim 1 is characterized by containing an alkali compound and an iron compound.

  The invention of claim 2 is characterized in that, in the humification promoting material of claim 1, the alkali compound contains an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal and exhibits alkalinity when water-solubilized. is there.

  The invention of claim 3 is the humification promoting material of claim 1, wherein the alkaline compound is at least one of carbonate, hydroxide or oxide of calcium, magnesium, potassium or sodium. It is characterized by including one.

  The invention according to claim 4 is the humification promoting material according to claim 1, wherein the iron compound is amorphous or crystalline iron oxide, amorphous or crystalline iron hydroxide, divalent or trivalent iron. It is a single element of a salt, an iron complex compound, iron ion, or elemental iron, or a mixture of two or more of them.

  A fifth aspect of the present invention is the humification promoting material according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, wherein the alkali compound and the iron compound are supported or impregnated on a carrier having an inorganic or organic substance as a main substrate. is there.

  The organic matter humification method of the invention of claim 6 is the addition of the humification promoter according to any one of claims 1 to 5 to the organic matter or the organic matter decomposition product produced by the decomposition of the organic matter. The organic substance or the organic substance decomposition product is humified by the above.

  According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the organic matter humification method of the sixth aspect, the organic matter is animal manure, raw garbage, organic sludge, compost, or the body of an animal or plant.

  The humic substance of the invention of claim 8 is obtained by adding the humus promoting agent according to any one of claims 1 to 5 to the organic matter or the organic matter decomposition product produced by the decomposition of the organic matter. Organic matter or organic matter decomposition products are humified.

  According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, in the humic substance of the eighth aspect, the organic matter is animal manure, raw garbage, organic sludge, compost or animal and plant bodies.

  According to the present invention, the humification promoting material composed of an alkali compound and an iron compound promotes humification of organic matter such as livestock excrement, raw garbage, organic sludge, and organic waste such as compost, or organic matter decomposition products. It is possible to produce compost at a level that can be applied to soil without inhibiting plant growth, and can provide a large amount of humic substances necessary for the enhancement of geopower.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

[About humus]
“Humus” refers to “brown or dark non-black, which has a molecular weight of about tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of newly synthesized (condensed or polymerized) bodies after being decomposed by microorganisms in the soil. It is said to be “crystalline organic matter”. Humus is an aggregate of various substances, and refers to a substance obtained by extracting an organic substance with an alkaline substance such as sodium pyrophosphate or sodium hydroxide, as shown in FIG. This humic substance is a secondary high molecular compound with a strong black taste per unit carbon, and becomes a secondary high molecular compound with a strong black taste per unit carbon with the condensation and polymerization reaction due to the progress of humification. The color of the humus changes from yellow to reddish brown to blackish brown. The degree of blackening is used to indicate the degree of humification.

  The organic matter that is a target in the humification described in the present invention includes animal manure, raw garbage, organic sludge, compost and animal and plant bodies, and liquids containing these organic matter. Examples of the liquid containing organic matter include slurry substances such as manure slurry, and squeezed juice from which excess water exudes during compost production.

  In order to evaluate the progress of humification, humification degree, humic acid content and morphological analysis of humic acid were performed. The sample was prepared by air-drying for 48 hours or more in a dryer at 105 ° C., and the dried sample was pulverized.

  The humic acid content was measured according to “Testing Method for Peat and Humic Acid Material” established by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.

  About the degree of humification, the light absorbency in wavelength 550nm of the sodium pyrophosphate extract was measured according to the method used as a decomposition index of peat.

In humic acid morphological analysis, humus is extracted from a sample using sodium hydroxide solution or sodium pyrophosphate / sodium hydroxide mixture, then the extract is acidified to separate humic acid (precipitate) and fulvic acid. About the solution which dissolved the obtained humic acid again in the sodium hydroxide solution, the organic carbon content and the light absorbency in wavelength 400 and 600 nm were measured. Based on the classification method of humic acid, a color tone coefficient (Δlog K) and a relative chromaticity (RF) were calculated. The color tone coefficient (ΔlogK) is obtained as shown in the following equation from the difference between the absorbance at a wavelength of 400 nm and the absorbance at a wavelength of 600 nm.
ΔlogK = ΔlogK ₄₀₀ −ΔlogK ₆₀₀
(However, K ₄₀₀ and K ₆₀₀ indicate the absorbance at wavelengths of 400 nm and 600 nm, respectively.)
RF can be determined from the absorbance of the humic acid solution at a wavelength of 600 nm and the amount of KMnO ₄ consumed or the organic carbon concentration.

  FIG. 2 shows the degree of progress of humification using the hue coefficient (ΔlogK) and relative chromaticity (RF) as indices. Humic acid can be classified by the correlation between RF and ΔlogK. Region A is a high humus degree region, region Rp is a low humus degree region, and B and P are intermediate regions. In general, as humification progresses (blackening and stabilization of humic acid), ΔlogK decreases and the RF value increases. When this method is applied to soil, if Δlog K is 0.7 or less and the RF value is 80 or more, it is classified as A-type humic acid, and humic acid that is very advanced in humification included in black soil such as black soil means.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the organic waste before humification, that is, the non-humic substance, is humated through the Rp-PA route in the humification process, or the Rp-BA route. Then humification progresses.

In the form of humic acid, in the extraction with sodium hydroxide, in the form of free humic acid, and in the extraction with sodium pyrophosphate (Na ₄ P ₂ O ₇ ), in addition to the free form, a complex with aluminum hydroxide, iron oxide, etc. The conjugated humic acid forming can be extracted.

[Humification material]
In order to produce such a humic substance, it takes too long to wait for humus production by decomposition of organic substances in nature. However, the present inventors have made paper sludge carbide (PSC) obtained by high-temperature treatment of paper sludge, which is wastewater treatment sludge of a recycled paper manufacturing plant, as a composting material for livestock excreted from free stall barns. The product name Blacklight (registered trademark, manufactured by Doei Paper Industry Co., Ltd.) is added and mixed, and the deposit is thoroughly stirred and re-stacked at regular intervals, so-called reversing work is performed, and the property change is observed. As a result, it was found that the odor was remarkably reduced immediately after PSC mixing. In addition, the temperature of livestock excrement gradually increased after deposition, and the same temperature increase tendency was observed after the second turnover. In addition, it was observed that the temperature was higher as it was closer to the bottom of the deposit, and that an exothermic reaction occurred even at a high moisture content and close to the reduced state.

  From this phenomenon, the present inventors hypothesized that any component contained in PSC may have an effective humification promoting effect on organic waste such as livestock excreta. Were analyzed, and the substance showing the humification promoting action was identified.

The analysis results of the components contained in PSC were as shown in Table 1 of FIG. From the elemental analysis results, it was found that the PSC contained 15 to 20% by weight of calcium oxide as an alkali compound and 7 to 20% of iron oxide as an iron compound when converted to an oxide. Furthermore, calcium in PSC is mainly composed of fine calcium carbonate that has been used as a filler for used paper raw materials, and only a small part is converted to quick lime during carbonization. The iron compound is derived from polyferric sulfate ([Fe ₂ (OH) _n (SO ₄ ) _{3-n / 2} )] _m , which was used as an inorganic flocculant in the wastewater treatment process. Half of the amount is amorphous iron. It also contains iron oxide and elemental iron.

  It is presumed that the alkali compound and the iron compound act as follows in the humification process described above. Alkaline compounds elute humic substances and polyphenols (primary humic acid-like substances) such as tannin and lignin contained in organic waste. Next, the eluted humic substances, polyphenols, and organic acids present in the organic waste are catalyzed by iron compounds to cause chemical reactions such as polymerization and condensation. In this chemical reaction, metals such as iron, calcium, and magnesium contained in the iron compound and the alkali compound act as a cross-linking substance when generating humic substances.

  Moreover, these series of reactions are further promoted by increasing the temperature, but the iron compound also contributes to the temperature increasing action. In other words, alkali compounds and iron compounds, particularly iron oxide, supply oxygen to suppress the reduced state in organic waste. The oxygen supplied here accelerates the oxidation reaction and aerobic microbial reaction of substances in organic waste, and generates heat, while the alkali compound generates heat by neutralizing with acidic substances contained in organic waste. To do. Although these calorific values are very small, the large amount of organic waste such as livestock excrement deposits makes the surface a powerful heat insulating material and enhances the heat storage effect. Humidification is promoted by the above exothermic reaction. Of course, organic matter decomposition products by microorganisms are also precursors in the production of humic substances.

  The following mechanism is assumed for the above exothermic reaction.

  In slurry-like manure and high-water manure, oxygen supply from the atmosphere is extremely low, and dissolved oxygen in the manure is consumed by microbial reactions, etc., so aerobic fermentation is unlikely to occur. . However, when amorphous iron oxide or crystalline iron oxide is added as a humus accelerator, oxygen is supplied into the fecal urine liquid by these iron oxide compounds, It is presumed to cause a metabolic reaction of microorganisms.

  That is, when the dissolved oxygen concentration in manure is low, iron oxide releases oxygen by the catalytic action of an enzyme produced by a part of the microorganism and is reduced to bivalent. The released oxygen is used for aerobic microbial decomposition of cellulose and readily decomposable organic matter in manure to obtain carbon dioxide, water and heat. On the other hand, divalent iron ions reduced by releasing oxygen (reducible iron ions) combine with sulfur-based odorous substances such as hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan to suppress the generation of bad odors, and this divalent iron ion Forms a stable complex with humic substances and promotes the production of secondary humic acid and the progress of humification.

  When this mechanism is applied to liquids containing water-soluble humic substances such as manure slurry and compost exudate, divalent or trivalent iron ions form water-soluble humic acid and stable humic acid. The part is precipitated.

  Based on such considerations, substances useful as humification promoters are mainly composed of alkali compounds and iron compounds. Alkali compounds contain alkali metals or alkaline earth metals and become alkaline when water-solubilized. A carbonate, hydroxide or oxide of any one or more of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, while the iron compound is amorphous or crystalline iron oxide, Amorphous or crystalline iron hydroxide, a divalent or trivalent iron salt, an iron complex compound, iron ions, elemental iron, or a mixture of two or more of them is preferred. Further, the humification promoting material preferably contains a low molecular weight organic compound of amino acid or saccharide produced by microbial decomposition as a precursor.

  The humification promoting material of the present invention may be a material in which an alkali compound and an iron compound are supported or impregnated on a carrier having an inorganic or organic substance as a main substrate. Further, the humification promoting material of the present invention may be used by drying, firing or carbonizing a material supported or impregnated on the carrier. Examples of the inorganic material include zeolite and clay, and examples of the organic material include wood chips and sawdust.

  The addition amount of the humus promoting material is effective even if it is a small amount, for example, 1 wt%, with respect to the organic waste, but a larger amount is preferable.

  Although the humification promotion of the present invention can be achieved by a humification promotion material containing only an iron compound, the humification promotion material described in the present invention preferably contains not only an iron compound but also an alkali compound.

[Humification promotion experiment example 1]
Containing 25 to 20% of livestock excreta with a moisture content of 85% discharged from the free stall barn as a composting material containing calcium carbonate as an alkaline compound in a dry weight ratio of 10 to 20% and containing an iron compound in a dry weight ratio of 5 to 20% The material to be added was 2%, 500 kg with respect to the water content of livestock excrement and mixed well. Half of the iron compound was in an amorphous form. A control group was set using excreta equivalent to the test group. After mixing the humus accelerator, a so-called turning operation was carried out, in which thorough stirring was performed once every 30 days for restacking.

  The odor was remarkably reduced immediately after mixing the humus accelerator. This is because the odorous components such as methyl mercaptan and sulfur sulfide, and volatile fatty acid odors such as butyric acid, isovaleric acid, and propionic acid are neutralized by the alkali compounds contained in the humification promoter. In addition, it became inactive by being combined with humic substances by the catalytic action of the iron compound.

  In the temperature at the time of deposition (depth 50 cm from the surface), in the humus promoting material treatment zone, the temperature gradually increased after the deposition, and reached about 37 ° C. at the first turning after 30 days. On the other hand, there was almost no temperature increase in the control group. The same tendency was observed at the second turnover after 60 days. The temperature reached about 40 ° C. in the humification promoting material mixed section.

  In addition, the temperature is higher near the bottom of the sediment, and since the exothermic reaction occurs even in a place where the moisture content is high and close to the reduced state, oxygen supply by iron contained in the humification promoter, especially iron oxide components, is possible. It is thought that it induces heat generation due to oxidation reaction and enhances the activity of aerobic microorganisms. Although these calorific values are very small, it is considered that the heat storage effect was high because the surface of livestock excrement deposits became a powerful heat insulating material due to the large amount of deposition.

  In the third reversal after 90 days, the temperature increase of the humification promoting material was low, but rather tended to decrease. This is considered to be due to the consumption of alkali compounds and iron compounds necessary for heat generation. The black color of the deposit increased and humification progressed.

  5 to 7 are photographs of samples of the humification promoting material treatment group (left side) and the untreated control group (right side) after 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months after the start of the experiment, It can be seen that blackening in the humification promotion treatment area (left side) progresses with time.

[Humification promotion experiment example 2]
Mixing 250kg of PSC with 5% of the weight ratio of 5t of manure with 85% moisture content containing a small amount of wheat straw as a bedding discharged from the free stall barn, and putting it in a compost with a concrete floor and roof Deposited. The moisture content of the PSC mixed manure decreased to 81% by mixing PSC. At the same time, an untreated zone was set up. In both wards, a management condition was set for turning back once a week. The test period was 8 weeks from May 27, 2003 to July 21, 2003. The deposition internal temperature (50 cm depth) was measured continuously during the test period. In addition, the degree of humification and readily decomposable organic carbon were measured for the deposits after the end of the 8 week deposition period. Furthermore, the germination rate, the root length at the initial growth stage, and the living weight were measured using a young plant (Komatsuna) to determine the degree of growth inhibition.

  The results of temperature change are shown in FIG. 8, the results of humification degree are shown in FIG. 9, and the growth test results using young plants are shown in FIGS. 10A to 10C. The change in the degree of humification during the deposition period was shown by the humus extract with pyrophosphoric acid.

<Changes in deposition temperature and odor status>
As can be seen from the graph of FIG. 8, almost no increase in temperature was observed in the control group of cow dung alone, and no sign of fermentation progressing due to shape or odor was observed. Moreover, an intense rot odor (general odor such as hydrogen sulfide) and ammonia odor continued. On the other hand, in the PSC mixed group, a slight temperature increase occurred immediately after the start of the test as compared to the control group, and a continuous temperature increasing tendency was observed with the passage of time, and the temperature increased to about 45 degrees at the end of the test. As the fermentation progressed, I felt an ammonia odor but no rot odor.

<Humification degree>
The degree of humification is measured by measuring 0.3 g of a pulverized dry sample in a centrifuge tube, adding 30 ml of a 0.0025 mol / l sodium pyrophosphate solution, shaking for 16 hours, and then adding 0.1% Accofloc to 1% of the sample. After centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 20 minutes, the supernatant is filtered, and the filtrate ultrafiltered with a 0.45 μm membrane filter is diluted 5-fold, and the absorbance at a wavelength of 550 nm is measured with a spectrophotometer. It measured and the thing which multiplied the measured value 100 times was made into the humification degree of the manure dry matter per unit weight. As a result, the degree of humification at 8 weeks after deposition was 8.8 in the PSC group compared with 7.0 in the control group, and it was found that humification occurred significantly. From the photograph in FIG. 9, it is also clear that the blackening of the PSC zone is progressing.

<Results of growth test using young plants>
For measurement of germination rate and root length, boiling water was added to 2.5 g of the sample after 8 weeks each in the PSC group, the control group, and the filtrate after standing for 1 hour was placed on a germination sheet in which 50 komatsuna seeds were seeded in a petri dish. A 10 ml aliquot was dispensed.

In the pot cultivation test, a Neubauer pot with a capacity of 500 ml and a surface area of 100 cm2 was used, and the chemical fertilizers ammonium sulfate and superphosphorus were used so that each would be 25 mg as N, P ₂ O ₅ , and K ₂ O to correspond to the standard section of the planting damage test. Acid lime and potassium chloride were applied. The deposit application rate was set at 10 t / 1000 m 2. That is, it corresponds to 20 g in a pot having a surface area of 100 cm ² used in this test. This was seeded and cultivated with 25 komatsuna seeds. The results are shown in FIGS. 10A to 10C.

  From the experimental results of [Humification Promotion Experimental Example 2], it was found that the fermentation promotion (temperature increase) effect by PSC alone is low, but the humification (blackening) promotion effect and the odor suppression effect are remarkable.

[Example 3 of humification promotion experiment]
The deposits in both sections after the end of the test shown in [Experimental Example 2 for Humusification] were piled up in October 2003 and observed for ripening. During this time, several reversing operations were performed and collected in August 2004. Together with 8 weeks in [Humification Promotion Experimental Example 2], it corresponds to compost ripening for about 1 year from the start of the test. The collected samples were analyzed for physicochemical properties, maturity and humification. The analysis results are shown in FIGS. 11A to 11C.

  FIG. 11A shows the results of physicochemical analysis of a non-humus sample (control group) and a humus sample (PSC group) one year after the dairy cattle manure composting test (started in 2003). Despite the accumulation and maturation for one year in the control group, the accumulated manure had a foul odor and the property was almost the same as that of raw manure. The PSC ward was ripened to such an extent that it could be called soil, and no bad smell was felt. The property is more like soil than compost, and the measured moisture and ash content clearly support this. In the PSC group, the ash content is higher and the total carbon content tends to be lower than the control group, indicating that the fermentation has progressed sufficiently.

  FIG. 11B shows the seedling germination test results of the non-humated sample (control group) and the humic sample (PSC group) one year after the dairy cattle manure composting test (started in fiscal 2003). In the control group, the germination rate was as low as 38% even on the second day, indicating that the maturation has not progressed and the plant has an adverse effect. On the other hand, in the PSC group, it was 96% on the second day, which indicates that there is a clear difference in the degree of maturation in the PSC group compared to the control group. Further, the root length was 0.61 mm in the control group and 4.85 mm in the PSC group on the second day, and the difference in the degree of maturation became clear.

  FIG. 11C shows the humus analysis results of the non-humus sample (control group) and the humus sample (PSC group) one year after the dairy cattle manure composting test (started in 2003). In spite of a clear difference in the degree of maturation between the PSC group and the control group (FIG. 11B), the humic acid content is higher in the control group and the degree of humification is also in the control group. It became higher with increasing humic acid content.

  This result means that even if it is an immature humus where humification has not progressed, if the amount is large, the overall color appears to be blackened, and the progress of humification is judged only by the degree of humus This suggests the difficulty. That is, the amount of humic acid meant by this data includes not only humic substances newly generated by the addition of PSC (secondarily generated humic acid) but also tannin and lignin originally contained in manure. It contains immature humic acid-like substances (primary humic acid-like substances) such as polyphenols, and cannot be said to reflect only humification by addition of PSC.

As a result of humic acid morphology analysis (FIG. 11C), in NaOH extraction, ΔlogK was lower and RF value was higher in PSC group than in control group. This tendency was remarkable in the extraction of Na ₄ P ₂ O ₇ , and in particular, the RF value was about twice as high in the PSC group as compared to the control group. As described above, free extraction of humic acid can be extracted by NaOH extraction, whereas extraction of Na ₄ P ₂ O ₇ can extract combined humic acid in addition to free form. This means that the humic acid contained in is conjugated humic acid.

  From the result of [Experimental Example 3 for Humusification], it is shown that humus is promoted by adding PSC to dairy cow manure with high water content, depositing and stirring, and ripening by accumulation and aging. It was done.

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of general humus separation. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the degree of progress of humification using the hue coefficient (ΔlogK) and relative chromaticity (RF) as indices. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the humification process. FIG. 4 is Table 1 showing the results of PSC analysis. FIG. 5 is a comparison photograph of a humus sample (left side) and a non-humus sample (right side) one month after the start of the humus experiment in [Humification Promotion Experiment Example 1] of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a comparison photograph of a humus sample (left side) and a non-humus sample (right side) two months after the start of the humus experiment in [Humification Promotion Experiment Example 1] of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a comparison photograph of a humus sample (left side) and a non-humus sample (right side) 3 months after the start of the humus experiment in [Humification Promotion Experiment Example 1] of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a graph of temperature change between the humification treatment group (PSC group) and the control group in [Humification Promotion Experiment Example 2] of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a blackening contrast photograph of the non-humated sample (upper side: control group) and the humated sample (lower side: PSC group) in [Humification Promotion Experimental Example 2] of the present invention. 10A to 10C show the results of growth tests using young plants using the non-humidized sample (control group) and the humic sample (PSC group) obtained in [Humeralization Promotion Experiment Example 2] of the present invention. It is. FIG. 10A is a table showing the germination rate of Komatsuna seeds, FIG. 10B is a table showing the root length of Komatsuna, and FIG. 10C is a table showing the living weight per Komatsuna strain. FIG. 11A to FIG. 11C show a non-humus sample (control group) and a humus sample (according to the humification promotion experiment example 3) of the present invention, one year after the dairy cow manure composting test (started in 2003) The analysis results of PSC) are shown. FIG. 11A is a table showing physicochemical analysis results, FIG. 11B is a table showing seedling germination test results, and FIG. 11C is a table showing compost humus analysis results.

Claims (9)

  A humification promoting material comprising an alkali compound and an iron compound.   2. The humification promoter according to claim 1, wherein the alkali compound is a compound that contains an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal and exhibits alkalinity when water-solubilized.   The humicification according to claim 1, wherein the alkaline compound includes at least one of carbonate, hydroxide or oxide of one or more of calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium. Promotional material.   The iron compound is amorphous or crystalline iron oxide, amorphous or crystalline iron hydroxide, divalent or trivalent iron salt, iron complex compound, iron ion, elemental iron alone, Or it is a mixture of 2 or more types of them, The humification promotion material of Claim 1 characterized by the above-mentioned.   The humification promoting material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the alkali compound and the iron compound are supported or impregnated on a carrier mainly comprising an inorganic substance or an organic substance.   The organic matter or the organic matter decomposition product produced by the decomposition of the organic matter or organic matter is humusified by adding and adding the humification promoting material according to any one of claims 1 to 5. An organic matter humification method characterized by the above.   The organic matter humification method according to claim 6, wherein the organic matter is animal manure, raw garbage, organic sludge, compost, or the body of an animal or plant.   The organic matter or the organic matter decomposition product produced by the decomposition of the organic matter or the organic matter decomposition product is humusified by adding and adding the humification promoter according to any one of claims 1 to 5. Humic substances.   9. The humic substance according to claim 8, wherein the organic matter is animal manure, raw garbage, organic sludge, compost, or the remains of animals and plants.