JP2005512160A - フェムト秒レーザーを用いるガラスの屈折率変調 - Google Patents
フェムト秒レーザーを用いるガラスの屈折率変調 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2005512160A JP2005512160A JP2003552677A JP2003552677A JP2005512160A JP 2005512160 A JP2005512160 A JP 2005512160A JP 2003552677 A JP2003552677 A JP 2003552677A JP 2003552677 A JP2003552677 A JP 2003552677A JP 2005512160 A JP2005512160 A JP 2005512160A
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
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- 239000000075 oxide glass Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 B 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005387 chalcogenide glass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910005793 GeO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002419 bulk glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005283 halide glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- DWYMPOCYEZONEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L fluoridophosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(F)=O DWYMPOCYEZONEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 238000000879 optical micrograph Methods 0.000 description 9
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001621 bismuth Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;oxocalcium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+].[Ca]=O HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
- G11C13/04—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using optical elements ; using other beam accessed elements, e.g. electron or ion beam
- G11C13/041—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using optical elements ; using other beam accessed elements, e.g. electron or ion beam using photochromic storage elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/28—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with organic material
- C03C17/32—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with organic material with synthetic or natural resins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C23/00—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments
- C03C23/0005—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments by irradiation
- C03C23/0025—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments by irradiation by a laser beam
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
- C03C25/62—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags by application of electric or wave energy; by particle radiation or ion implantation
- C03C25/6206—Electromagnetic waves
- C03C25/6208—Laser
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
- G02B6/124—Geodesic lenses or integrated gratings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/13—Integrated optical circuits characterised by the manufacturing method
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B2006/12035—Materials
- G02B2006/12038—Glass (SiO2 based materials)
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B2006/12166—Manufacturing methods
- G02B2006/12169—Annealing
- G02B2006/12171—Annealing using a laser beam
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02057—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating comprising gratings
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
- Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)
- Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
Abstract
Description
「フェムト秒レーザー」とは、約400nmの下限および約1000nmの上限を有する波長で600フェムト秒よりも短いパルス持続時間を有するパルス放射線を放出するレーザーを意味し、
「高開口数」とは、約0.6〜約1.4の開口数を意味する。
これらの実施例では、所望の範囲の下限近傍の開口数を有する集束レンズを用いて、ポリマーコーティングを通して屈折率を増大させたラインをガラス基材中にイメージングすることについて、具体的に説明する。
この実施例では、滑らかな境界を有するラインを生じる平行移動ステージを使用した以外は実施例1〜4で使用したのと同じようなレーザー条件を用いてガラス基材中に書き込まれたラインの光導波特性について具体的に説明する。
この実施例では、集束対物レンズの開口数を所望の範囲の上限の方向に増大させてガラス中に書き込まれたラインのアスペクト比が減少することについて具体的に説明する。
この実施例では、高い開口数の対物レンズおよび低いレーザーパルスエネルギーを用いてガラス中に作製された高対称性かつ低アスペクト比の特徴部について具体的に説明する。
Claims (18)
- 保護高分子コーティングを有するガラス基材を選択するステップと、
高開口数レンズを用いて、フェムト秒レーザービームが該高分子コーティングを通過して該基材中の点に集束するようにすることにより、該高分子コーティングに損傷を与えることなく該基材の屈折率変化を誘起するステップと、
を含む、光デバイスの作製方法。 - 前記レーザービームを集束させるために使用する前記高開口数レンズが、0.6〜1.4の開口数を有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記基材がバルクガラスである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記基材がガラスファイバーである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ブラッグ格子が前記ガラスファイバー中に書き込まれる、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記基材の屈折率が10-2まで増大される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記フェムト秒レーザーが発振器をさらに備える、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記レーザーのパルス幅が約20〜約600フェムト秒である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記レーザーのパルス繰返し数が約10ヘルツ〜約200メガヘルツである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記レーザーのパルスエネルギーが約1ナノジュール〜約10マイクロジュールの範囲にある、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記基材が前記レーザーに暴露されながら前記レーザービームに対して約10μm/秒〜約10cm/秒の速度で平行移動される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 保護高分子コーティングを有するガラス基材を備え、該基材中または該基材上の少なくとも1つの領域が、変化した屈折率を有し、その変化が、該基材上に該保護高分子層が存在する状態で引き起こされたものである、光デバイス。
- 前記ガラスが、酸化物ガラス、ハロゲン化物ガラス、硫化物ガラス、およびカルコゲニドガラスを含む群から選択される、請求項12に記載の光デバイス。
- 前記酸化物ガラスが、ケイ酸塩、ホウ酸塩、硫酸塩、リン酸塩、フルオロリン酸塩、またはビスマス酸塩を含む群から選択される、請求項13に記載の光デバイス。
- 前記ガラスが、ホウケイ酸塩、硫化物、鉛、ゲルマニウム、リン、またはセリウムのうちの1つ以上を含む、請求項12に記載の光デバイス。
- 前記ガラス基材が、GeO2、B2O3、Al2O3、TiO2、およびP2O5よりなる群から選択される1つ以上の材料でドーピングされている、請求項12に記載の光デバイス。
- 前記ガラス基材が光ファイバーである、請求項12に記載の光デバイス。
- 前記変化した屈折率の領域がブラッグ格子を形成する、請求項17に記載の光デバイス。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US34156501P | 2001-12-14 | 2001-12-14 | |
US10/295,804 US6853785B2 (en) | 2001-12-14 | 2002-11-15 | Index modulation in glass using a femtosecond laser |
PCT/US2002/037371 WO2003051785A2 (en) | 2001-12-14 | 2002-11-21 | Refractive index modulation in glass using a femtosecond laser |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2005512160A true JP2005512160A (ja) | 2005-04-28 |
JP2005512160A5 JP2005512160A5 (ja) | 2006-01-05 |
Family
ID=26969340
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003552677A Pending JP2005512160A (ja) | 2001-12-14 | 2002-11-21 | フェムト秒レーザーを用いるガラスの屈折率変調 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6853785B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1453764A2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2005512160A (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20040068219A (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2002352848A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2003051785A2 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003091774A1 (fr) * | 2002-04-26 | 2003-11-06 | Japan Science And Technology Corporation | Reseau de fibre et procede de fabrication correspondant |
CA2396831A1 (en) * | 2002-08-02 | 2004-02-02 | Femtonics Corporation | Microstructuring optical wave guide devices with femtosecond optical pulses |
US6941052B2 (en) * | 2002-12-19 | 2005-09-06 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Sensitized optical fiber method and article |
US7515792B2 (en) * | 2003-03-21 | 2009-04-07 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada As Represented By The Minister Of Industry, Through The Communications Research Centre Canada | Method of increasing photosensitivity of glasses to ultrafast infrared laser radiation using hydrogen or deuterium |
US7486705B2 (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2009-02-03 | Imra America, Inc. | Femtosecond laser processing system with process parameters, controls and feedback |
GB0410821D0 (en) * | 2004-05-14 | 2004-06-16 | Univ Aston | Laser inscribed structures |
US7684450B2 (en) * | 2004-12-20 | 2010-03-23 | Imra America, Inc. | Pulsed laser source with adjustable grating compressor |
US7447410B2 (en) * | 2005-07-14 | 2008-11-04 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | CHG ring resonators |
JP5302611B2 (ja) * | 2008-02-08 | 2013-10-02 | 株式会社オハラ | 光学部品用ガラス部材及びそれに用いるガラス組成物 |
WO2013067647A1 (en) | 2011-11-10 | 2013-05-16 | Colibri Technologies Inc. | Internal optical elements produced by irradiation-induced refractive index changes |
US10474002B2 (en) | 2015-06-25 | 2019-11-12 | Cornell University | Generation of high energy mid-infrared continuum laser pulses |
KR200483170Y1 (ko) | 2016-07-12 | 2017-04-11 | 권태무 | 부싱 |
EP3715917A1 (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2020-09-30 | Thorlabs, Inc. | Technique for optimizing the coupling to optical fibers |
Family Cites Families (10)
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US4090776A (en) * | 1976-10-13 | 1978-05-23 | Honeywell Inc. | Fabrication of optical waveguides |
US5443743A (en) * | 1991-09-11 | 1995-08-22 | Pall Corporation | Gas plasma treated porous medium and method of separation using same |
US5620495A (en) * | 1995-08-16 | 1997-04-15 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Formation of gratings in polymer-coated optical fibers |
US5761111A (en) * | 1996-03-15 | 1998-06-02 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Method and apparatus providing 2-D/3-D optical information storage and retrieval in transparent materials |
JP3649835B2 (ja) * | 1996-03-18 | 2005-05-18 | 独立行政法人科学技術振興機構 | 光導波路の作製方法 |
US6127050A (en) * | 1997-05-22 | 2000-10-03 | Fromson; Howard A. | Archival imaging medium and method therefor |
JP3349422B2 (ja) | 1998-02-12 | 2002-11-25 | 科学技術振興事業団 | 光導波路アレイ及びその製造方法 |
CN1365500A (zh) | 1999-07-29 | 2002-08-21 | 康宁股份有限公司 | 用飞秒脉冲激光在石英基玻璃中直接刻写光学元件 |
WO2001044871A1 (en) | 1999-12-17 | 2001-06-21 | Corning Incorporated | Femtosecond laser writing of glass, including borosilicate, sulfide, and lead glasses |
US6492026B1 (en) | 2000-04-20 | 2002-12-10 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Smoothing and barrier layers on high Tg substrates |
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2002
- 2002-11-15 US US10/295,804 patent/US6853785B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-11-21 JP JP2003552677A patent/JP2005512160A/ja active Pending
- 2002-11-21 KR KR10-2004-7008997A patent/KR20040068219A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-11-21 WO PCT/US2002/037371 patent/WO2003051785A2/en active Application Filing
- 2002-11-21 EP EP02789806A patent/EP1453764A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-11-21 AU AU2002352848A patent/AU2002352848A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1453764A2 (en) | 2004-09-08 |
WO2003051785A2 (en) | 2003-06-26 |
US6853785B2 (en) | 2005-02-08 |
WO2003051785A3 (en) | 2003-10-09 |
KR20040068219A (ko) | 2004-07-30 |
AU2002352848A1 (en) | 2003-06-30 |
AU2002352848A8 (en) | 2003-06-30 |
US20030110810A1 (en) | 2003-06-19 |
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