JP2005333923A - Method for growing fruit and device for growing fruit - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve the quality of a fruit such as the degree of sugar, color, etc., safely and stably. <P>SOLUTION: This method for growing the fruits can improve the quality of the fruits by regulating local conditions surrounding the fruits, especially regulating a humidity condition. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a fruit growing method and a fruit growing apparatus applied when growing various fruits represented by grapes.

  Fruit quality is affected by numerous environmental conditions (light, temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind, soil, pests, etc.) and cultivation management conditions (pruning pruning, results, fertilization, water management, pest control, etc.) These are intricately related. While trying to maintain these environmental and cultivation management conditions appropriately, producers are trying to fully demonstrate the characteristics of the varieties and produce high-yielding fruits with high yield. However, weather conditions vary from year to year, making it difficult to produce high-quality fruits stably. In particular, under conditions where there is a lot of rain and sunshine is insufficient, sugar content is likely to be insufficient or poor coloring. Furthermore, in recent years, consumers are not satisfied with high-quality fruits cultivated in this way, and there is an increasing tendency to demand fruits with higher sugar content and better coloration.

  As a method for producing such a fruit having a particularly high sugar content, conventionally, cultivation of producing a fruit having a high sugar content by bringing the plant body into an appropriate dry state (giving water stress) has been carried out. Water stress is caused by irrigation with precise watering in isolated beds with reduced soil volume in cultivated mandarin oranges in cultivated mulch, greenhouse melons, tomatoes, grapes, etc. Isolation bed cultivation and root area restriction cultivation that give However, cultivation that gives water stress requires advanced cultivation techniques that are very important for farmers, and the yield is often reduced.

On the other hand, a method for positively improving sugar content and coloring using various materials including a plant growth regulating component and a fertilizer component has been proposed. For example, as a component considered to be related to fertilizer, condensed phosphate (Japanese Patent Publication No. 50-588; Patent Document 1), a mixture of corn steep liquor and NPK component (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-43370; Patent Document 2) ) And the like, as components considered to have a plant growth regulating action, maleamic acid derivatives (Japanese Patent Publication No. 52-27065; Patent Document 3), fluorine-containing indole butyric acids (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-133204; Patent Document 4) As a component related to sugar, sucrose fatty acid ester (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-291911; Patent Document 5), magnesium salt added to brown sugar, fructose, etc. (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-345340; Patent Document 6), etc. is there. However, there are many unclear points regarding these mechanisms of action, and they are rarely used in practical situations from the standpoints of stability and safety of effects.
Japanese Patent Publication No.50-588 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-43370 Japanese Patent Publication No.52-27065 JP 7-133204 A JP-A-10-291911 JP 2002-345340 A

  Then, an object of this invention is to provide the fruit growing method and fruit growing apparatus which can aim at the improvement of quality, such as sugar content and coloring, safely and stably.

  In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present inventors have intensively studied. As a result, it has been found that the quality of the fruit can be improved by adjusting the local environmental conditions around the fruit, in particular, the humidity condition. It came to be completed. The present invention includes the following.

(1) A fruit growing method characterized by growing in the vicinity of a fruit under low humidity conditions.
(2) The fruit growing method according to (1), characterized in that a low humidity condition is set between the ripening period and the harvest of the fruit.
(3) The fruit growing method according to (1), wherein the humidity under the low humidity condition is 40 to 70%.
(4) The fruit growing method according to (1), wherein the fruit is grape.
(5) A fruit growing apparatus comprising: an isolating unit that isolates the vicinity of the fruit from the outside; and a humidity control unit that is connected to the isolating unit and controls the humidity inside the isolating unit.
(6) The apparatus further comprises humidity measuring means connected to the humidity control means and measuring the humidity inside the isolating means, the humidity control means depending on the humidity inside the isolating means measured by the humidity measuring means. And the humidity inside the isolating means is controlled to a preset value.
(7) The fruit growing device according to (5), wherein the humidity control means controls the humidity inside the isolating means to 40 to 70%.
(8) The fruit growing device according to (5), wherein the fruit is grape.

  According to the fruit growing method and the fruit growing apparatus according to the present invention, it is possible to safely and stably improve the quality such as sugar content and coloring. In addition, according to the fruit growing method and the fruit growing apparatus according to the present invention, high quality fruits can be grown, so that early shipment is also possible.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
The fruit growing method according to the present invention grows the vicinity of the fruit under a low humidity condition. Here, the term “fruit” is intended to encompass a wide variety of fruits collected from plants, and includes so-called fruits and fruit vegetables. Fruits include grapes, pears, kiwi fruits, apples, peaches, mandarin oranges, hassaku, grapefruits, Iyokan, figs, bananas, cherries, strawberries, lemons, tree strawberries, plums, plums, oranges, pears, wrinkles, blueberries , Raspberry, shiquawasa, pumpkin, buntan, sudachi, persimmon, akebi, pomegranate, papaya, mango and the like. It can also be applied to fruit vegetables such as melon and tomato.

  The fruit growing method and the fruit growing apparatus according to the present invention are particularly suitable for shelf cultivation such as grapes and pears.

  The low humidity condition means that the average humidity in the vicinity of the fruit (relative humidity expressed in daily average) is preferably 40 to 70%. If the average humidity in the vicinity of the fruit greatly exceeds 70% and becomes a high humidity state, the quality of the sugar such as sugar content and coloring may deteriorate. Moreover, when the average humidity in the vicinity of the fruit is significantly lower than 40% and an ultra-low humidity state is reached, the fruit may be small. Therefore, high-quality fruits with high sugar content and excellent color can be cultivated by setting the vicinity of the fruits to a low humidity condition.

  Furthermore, the low humidity condition is maintained from the maturity period to the harvest period in the fruit growing period. The treatment may be limited to the early stage of maturation in which rapid accumulation of sugar occurs.

  In this method, although there are many unclear points in the generally known sugar accumulation action in fruits, the phloem that is the flow of sugar to the fruits by reducing the humidity around the fruits. It was clarified that the flow was promoted. As a result, according to this method, it is possible to grow a high-quality fruit having a high sugar content and excellent color.

  In addition, about the cultivation conditions of a fruit, the normal cultivation conditions according to the kind of fruit should just be applied, and it is not specifically limited.

  By the way, the fruit growing method according to the present invention described above can be realized by a fruit growing apparatus as shown in FIG. The fruit growing apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is connected to a fruit covering bag 2 that isolates the vicinity of the fruit 1 from the outside, a humidity controlling apparatus 3 that controls the humidity inside the isolating means, and a connecting path 4. And a pump 5 disposed in the middle of the vehicle.

  Although not shown, the fruit growing device may include a humidity measuring unit that measures the humidity inside the fruit coating bag 2 and supplies the measured humidity inside the fruit coating bag 2 to the humidity control device. .

  The fruit covering bag 2 has an external shape sufficient to cover the target fruit 1, and the humidity environment between the inside and the outside can be made independent. As the fruit coating bag 2, for example, a resin packaging bag coated with polyvinylidene chloride having low moisture permeability can be used. Moreover, although the fruit covering bag 2 may cover the one fruit 1, it may be comprised so that the some fruit 1 may be covered. For example, when the positions of the fruits are aligned, such as shelf cultivation of grapes and pears, greenhouse melon or tomato support cultivation, it is preferable to process a plurality of fruits collectively. Moreover, a fruit growing apparatus is not limited to the fruit coating bag 2 as an isolation means for isolating a fruit from the outside, For example, a fruit coating container may be sufficient.

  As the humidity control device 3, for example, a device may be used in which air is brought into contact with a heat exchanger in which a refrigerant is circulated to dehumidify, and the dehumidified air is supplied to the fruit covering bag 2 through the connection path 4 and the pump 5. it can. The humidity control device 3 may supply the fruit coating bag 2 with air having a humidity set in advance by the operator. Moreover, the humidity control apparatus 3 may supply the air of predetermined humidity to the fruit coating bag 2 so that the humidity inside the fruit coating bag 2 may be maintained at a desired value. In this case, the humidity control device 3 adjusts the supply of air to the fruit covering bag 2 according to the humidity inside the fruit covering bag 2 measured by a humidity measuring means (not shown).

  In addition, as means for lowering the humidity around the fruit, not only the humidity control device that supplies the dehumidified air described above but also means for directly dehumidifying the air around the fruit, for example.

  According to the fruit growing device configured as described above, it is possible to grow a fruit in a state where the vicinity of the fruit is in a low humidity condition. Therefore, by using the fruit growing device, it is possible to easily grow a fruit having a high sugar content and excellent color.

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated further in detail using an Example, the technical scope of this invention is not limited to a following example.
[Example 1]
A grape "cultivar; Aki Queen" grown in a vinyl house was used. The treated fruit bunches are made up of two fruit bunches, leaving one of the secondary flower buds before flowering in order to make conditions other than humidity treatment. Different treatments were performed (FIG. 2, Experiment 1). Moreover, the low-humidity zone and the high-humidity zone were provided about the fruit bunch which performed normal bunch making (Experiment 2). In the humidity treatment, each fruit bunch is covered with a bag (polyvinylidene chloride having a low moisture permeability is coated on the outside of the grape bag), and from July 1 to August 7, which is a mature period, low humidity air or This was done by blowing high humidity air. The low-humidity air was passed through a dehumidifying device (a device that dehumidifies the air in contact with a heat exchanger in which cold water was circulated) by removing the air in the vinyl house as much as possible. As a control, a high-humidity treatment in which the air in the vinyl house was blown as it was was provided. The anthocyanin content of the fruit skin representing sugar content, acidity, and coloring was appropriately measured.

Results The humidity in the grape bag was related to the amount of transpiration from the fruit, the amount of water in the blown air, and the temperature, and the daily average value was about 90% in the control, which was almost constant during the treatment period. On the other hand, in the low-humidity treatment, it decreased as maturation progressed, and changed from 70% to 40%.

  The sugar content was strongly influenced by humidity, and in Experiment 1, low humidity was 20.6 and control was 17.9, and in Experiment 2, it was 19.4 and 16.4, respectively, and the accumulation of sugar was promoted by low humidity treatment (Table 1). On the other hand, it did not affect the acid content.

  It became clear that the anthocyanin content, which indicates the degree of coloration of the peel, increased rapidly after treatment at low humidity, and that coloration was promoted under low humidity conditions (FIG. 3). From these results, it was clarified that the humidity conditions around the fruit bunches greatly affect the sugar content and coloration of grapes, and that fruits with high sugar content and good coloration can be produced by using low humidity conditions during the ripening period.

It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the fruit growing apparatus to which this invention is applied. It is a schematic diagram which shows the humidity processing method to the fruit in an Example. It is a characteristic view which shows the result of having examined the coloring promotion effect of the fruit in low humidity conditions.

Claims (8)

  A fruit growing method characterized by growing in the vicinity of the fruit under low humidity conditions.   The fruit growing method according to claim 1, wherein a low humidity condition is set between the ripening period of the fruit and the harvest.   2. The fruit growing method according to claim 1, wherein the humidity under the low humidity condition is 40 to 70%.   The fruit growing method according to claim 1, wherein the fruit is a grape. An isolation means for isolating the vicinity of the fruit from the outside;
A fruit growing apparatus, comprising: a humidity control unit that is connected to the isolation unit and controls a humidity inside the isolation unit.   The apparatus further comprises a humidity measuring means connected to the humidity control means and measuring the humidity inside the isolating means, wherein the humidity control means corresponds to the humidity inside the isolating means measured by the humidity measuring means. 6. The fruit growing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the humidity inside the separating means is controlled to a preset value.   6. The fruit growing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the humidity control means controls the humidity inside the isolating means to 40 to 70%.   The fruit growing device according to claim 5, wherein the fruit is a grape.

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