JP2005241073A - Passive solar system house - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To efficiently obtain ventilation necessary for healthy life determined in the Building Standards Act without providing special ventilating equipment by utilizing merits of a passive solar system house capable of optimizing solar energy utilization for indoor heating, indoor cooling, ventilation, dehumidification and water heating by constructing a house and a building capable of flexibly corresponding to external environment condition in addition to wind and other weather condition. <P>SOLUTION: This passive solar system house is provided with a twenty-four-hour ventilation fan 26. When collecting heat or during summer night, the twenty-four-hour ventilation fan 26 is stopped and a heat collecting fan is driven, and when except the described time, the heat collecting fan is stopped and the twenty-four-hour ventilation fan 26 is driven. An intake duct or an intake opening opened in a back of the house is connected to a handling box 5 freely to be switched between the heat collecting duct by a damper. The heat collecting fan 7 is driven even when not collecting heat, and air from the intake duct or the intake opening is fed into a room 20. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a passive solar system house that uses solar energy in the winter or the like to perform heating or the like with air heated by the sun.

  The thermal performance of Japanese buildings is very poor from the viewpoint of energy saving. The effect of housing and construction on the energy crisis and the phenomenon of global warming due to carbon dioxide as a result of overheating the summer heat with an air conditioner that can be supported by electric power, cold in winter, and burning with plenty of oil Is very big.

  What advanced countries should do now is to create a way to reduce the environmental burden while improving the quality of life without lowering the level of life. Therefore, it is necessary to construct houses and buildings that flexibly respond to external environmental conditions as well as wind and other weather conditions to optimize the use of solar energy for indoor heating, cooling, ventilation, dehumidification, and hot water supply. It is done.

  The applicants previously obtained a patent right for "Solar System House" as the following patent document.

Japanese Patent Publication No. 08-001336 “Solar System House and Handling Box Used for It” Japanese Patent Publication No. 07-116765 “Solar System House” Japanese Patent Publication No. 06-070528 “Solar System House” Japanese Patent No. 3295070 “Solar System House” Japanese Patent No. 3274858 “Solar System House” Japanese Patent No. 3182544 “Solar System House” Japanese Patent No. 3134118 “Solar System House” Japanese Patent No. 30664456 “Solar System House”

  According to the solar system house of these patent documents, it has the characteristic that it collects heat first by a roof. What can be said about the characteristics of solar energy as energy, it can be said that it is “lightly, broadly, evenly distributed”. It is not suitable for large-scale and intensive power generation because it is not intensive high temperature like the heat obtained from oil. In other words, the use of solar energy means that each building uses its “roof”, which is the most realistic and well suited to the characteristics of energy. So, on the “roof” that receives the most sun, it collects solar energy and takes it into the building.

  The altitude of buildings in the area is severely limited, so even if you cannot get sunshine indoors, the “roof” usually has abundant solar energy. In other words, this use adds a new function of “capturing heat” to the function of “shelter” that prevents the natural wind and rain of the roof.

  Next, heat is transferred by air. When taking heat into the room, a widely used method is to transfer it to water. The solar system house of the above-mentioned patent document takes in "air" warmly instead of water. The reason is that water heat collection has many difficult aspects. A drop of water must be prevented from leaking, solar energy often causes boiling of water, must withstand the boiling vapor pressure, freezing, and tube expansion and contraction And so on. Air, on the other hand, will not bother anyone if it leaks a little. Also, since air is a gas, it cannot boil. For this reason, it is very safe to use air.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the solar system house of the above-mentioned patent document forms an air flow path 2 having a roof gradient immediately below a metal roof plate 1 of a colored iron plate, and one end of the air flow path 2 is an eaves tip. Etc., and the other end of the air flow path 2 communicates with a ridge duct 4 as a condensing duct.

  A handling box 5 provided with a backflow prevention damper 6, a heat collecting fan 7 and a flow path switching damper 8 inside is installed in a hut 29 which is an attic space, and one of the handling box 5 on the outflow side of the flow path switching damper 8. Is opened outdoors by an exhaust duct 9.

  In addition, the inflow side of the backflow prevention damper 6 of the handling box 5 is communicated with the ridge duct 4 through the duct 32, and the other one of the outflow side of the flow path switching damper 8 is connected to the upper end of the falling duct 10. The lower end of the falling duct 10 opened to the air circulation space 13 between the soil concrete 11 as the underfloor heat storage body and the floor panel 12. Furthermore, a floor outlet 14 from the air circulation space 13 to the room was provided.

  A hot water take-off coil 15 is provided inside the handling box 5 or between the handling box 5 and the building duct 4, and the hot water take-off coil 15 is connected to a hot water tank 17 and a circulation pump 19 by a circulation pipe 16. Is provided with a hot water supply boiler 18 in the middle and connected to a hot water supply pipe 21 connected to a bath, a washroom, and a kitchen.

  Thus, the roof board 1 which is a metal plate heated by sunlight warms the outside air that has entered the air flow path 2, and the warmed air rises along the roof gradient. The heated air is collected in the ridge duct 4 and then enters the handling box 5 by the heat collecting fan 7, and flows down from the handling box 5 into the falling duct 10, between the heat storage concrete 11 and the floor panel 12. Enter the air circulation space 13. In this air circulation space 13, heated air directly warms the floor surface via the floor panel 12, stores heat in the thermal storage soil concrete 11, and blows out directly from the floor outlet 14 into the room 20 as hot air. Performs 3 types of heating.

  On the other hand, in the hot water coil 15, the heat medium fed by the circulation pump 19 from the hot water storage tank 17 through the circulation pipe 16 is heated and stored as hot water in the hot water storage tank 17, and further reheated from here as necessary. The hot water supply boiler 18 reheats and supplies hot water from the hot water supply pipe 21 to various places.

  By the way, according to the revised Building Standards Law, the ventilation of a building necessary for a healthy life (0.5 times per hour, [volume of the building (called volume))] is 1 per 2 hours. To replace the outside air). The same applies to the solar system house, and it is necessary to install a mechanical ventilation facility for 24 hours and perform ventilation for 24 hours.

  To that end, a 24-hour ventilation fan will be installed, but in order to deliver small heating energy from solar heat to the entire building, it is necessary to create an air flow by planned ventilation.

  When a 24-hour ventilation fan is installed in the solar system house as a 24-hour mechanical ventilation facility, if this ventilation fan is used together during a heat collecting operation, the warm air will leak to the outside. It is impossible to maintain a stable temperature environment in the room.

  Buildings are required to have as much airtightness as possible in order to perform metered ventilation 0.5 times per hour and to create planned ventilation and airflow.

  In consideration of such circumstances, the present invention constructs houses and buildings that flexibly respond to not only wind and other weather conditions, but also external environmental conditions, for indoor heating, cooling, ventilation, dehumidification, and hot water supply. Special ventilation equipment for ventilation of buildings necessary for healthy living as defined by the Building Standards Law, while taking advantage of passive solar system houses that can optimize the use of solar energy And to provide a passive solar system house that can be obtained efficiently.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a solar heat collecting system in which, firstly, an air flow path having an inclination similar to that of an open roof is formed as an air inlet at an eaves or the like directly below a roof plate. The solar heat collecting part is connected to a handling box having a heat collecting fan disposed therein via a heat collecting duct, and the handling box is further provided with a falling duct under the floor and an exhaust duct to the outside. In a passive solar system house where the collected air obtained from the solar heat collector is forcibly sent to the room through a falling duct with a heat collecting fan, a 24-hour ventilation fan is installed, At night, stop the ventilation fan for 24 hours and drive the heat collection fan, otherwise stop the heat collection fan and drive the ventilation fan for 24 hours. Second, go to the handling box at the back of the shed Connecting the intake duct or the intake opening to the heat collection duct so as to be switchable by a damper, driving the heat collection fan even during non-heat collection, and sending the air from the intake duct into the room, third The air intake duct, one end of which opens to the outside through a tube buried in the ground, is connected to the heat collection duct so that it can be switched by a damper, and the heat collection fan is driven even during non-heat collection. The gist is to send the air into the room.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, at the time of collecting heat, the roof plate, which is a metal plate heated by sunlight, warms the outside air that has entered the air flow path, and the warmed air follows the roof gradient. Rise. The heated air is collected in the ridge duct and then enters the handling box by the heat collecting fan, flows down from the handling box into the falling duct, and enters the air circulation space between the thermal storage soil concrete and the floor panel. In this air circulation space, heated air directly warms under the floor through the floor panel, stores heat in the heat storage soil concrete, and blows directly into the room as warm air from the floor outlet. Performs heating.

  When this is viewed as ventilation, it becomes push-type ventilation, so-called static pressure type ventilation, and indoor air is exhausted to the outside in accordance with the amount blown into the room. This exhaust may be performed through a gap inherent in the building or through a ventilation opening.

  During such heat collection or summer night, the 24-hour ventilation fan is stopped and the heat-collecting fan is driven to perform ventilation. Otherwise, the heat-collection fan is stopped and the 24-hour ventilation fan is driven. Therefore, ventilation for 24 hours can be realized.

  By the way, as in claim 1, the combination of the operation of the solar system house and the operation of the 24-hour ventilation fan is a suction type ventilation, and the ventilation quality is different from that of the air-injection type solar system house. To. According to the second aspect of the present invention, it can be made homogeneous.

  That is, the heat collecting fan continues to be driven even during non-heat collecting such as winter night, and the air intake duct is switched by a damper from the heat collecting duct to send air from the air intake duct into the room, thereby collecting the heat. In the same manner as above, push-in type, so-called static pressure type ventilation is obtained, and the condition of 24-hour ventilation can be satisfied. Further, since the air from the intake duct is obtained from the back of the cabin and is preheated indoor air, there is no fear of promoting a temperature drop in the indoor space.

  According to the third aspect of the present invention, which is substantially the same as the second aspect of the invention, the air from the intake duct is obtained through a tube buried in the ground, and the temperature in the ground is Since it is preheated air, there is no fear of promoting a temperature drop in the room.

  Passive solar system houses optimize the use of solar energy for indoor heating, cooling, ventilation, dehumidification, and hot water supply by building houses and buildings that flexibly respond to external environmental conditions as well as wind and other weather conditions Taking advantage of the passive solar system house that can be done, efficiently obtaining the ventilation of the building necessary to live a healthy life as defined by the Building Standards Law without installing special ventilation equipment It is something that can be done.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. 1 to 3 show a first embodiment of the present invention. The basic structure of a passive solar system house of the present invention is the same as that of the solar system house of Patent Documents 1 to 8.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the roof has an inclined roof, and an air flow path 2 having a roof slope is formed immediately below a metal roof plate 1 of a color iron plate as a solar heat collecting portion. The lower side of the air flow path 2 was shielded by heat insulation, and one end of the air flow path 2 opened as an air intake 3 at the eaves or the like. Furthermore, the other end of the air flow path 2 is positioned at a high portion of the roof to serve as an air outlet, and communicates with the ridge duct 4 as a condensing duct.

  The ridge duct 4 may be installed in the attic 29 which is an attic space, and may be a duct having a shape other than a semicircular duct having a cross-section as illustrated. Further, the condensing duct may be configured as an on-roof duct as it is installed outdoors.

  The soil concrete 11 is used as an underfloor heat storage as a part for storing and radiating solar heat collected on such a roof. Therefore, an air circulation space 13 is provided between the soil concrete 11 and the floor panel 12, and a floor outlet 14 is provided from the air circulation space 13 into the room. The floor under the floor is heated directly, the heat is stored in the soil concrete 11 and the air is directly blown out into the room as warm air from the floor outlet 14.

  Moreover, the handling box 5 was installed in the attic 29 which is an attic space as a part which connects the part which collects these solar heats, and the part which stores and heat-sinks solar heat.

  This handling box 5 is a box in which a backflow prevention damper 6, a heat collecting fan 7 and a flow path switching damper 8 are provided. Then, one side of the outflow side of the flow path switching damper 8 of the handling box 5 is opened outdoors by the exhaust duct 9.

  In addition, the inflow side of the backflow prevention damper 6 of the handling box 5 is communicated with the ridge duct 4 through the duct 32, and the other one of the outflow side of the flow path switching damper 8 is connected to the upper end of the falling duct 10. The lower end of the falling duct 10 opened to the air circulation space 13 between the soil concrete 11 as the underfloor heat storage body and the floor panel 12.

  Although not shown in the drawings, a hot water take-off coil is provided in the handling box 5 or between the handling box and the ridge duct 4 as in the conventional example shown in FIG. The hot water storage boiler is connected to the hot water storage tank connected to a hot water supply pipe connected to a bath, a washroom, and a kitchen.

  Although the above is the same as that of the conventional solar system house, in the present invention, the 24-hour ventilation fan 26 is provided in the cabin back 29 and the like, and the ventilation passage 23 to the room 20 is formed in the cabin back 29. An air intake 24 that leads from the room to the outside is provided near the air intake 3 to be provided. The air intake 24 can be appropriately provided at other locations.

  In this embodiment, an intake duct 27 that opens into the room 20 is connected to the handling box 5, and the backflow prevention damper 6 serves as a chuck damper 6 ′ with one end pivotally supported as a flow path between the intake duct 27 and the building duct 4. Shall be switched.

The solar system house of the present invention is designed as a building with high airtightness. A ruler for measuring the airtightness of a building is expressed by “an area corresponding to a gap per floor area of a building”, which indicates how many gaps are available per 1 m ² of the floor area of the building.

The next generation standard airtight performance is such that the gap equivalent area is 5 cm ² / cm ² or less.

However, with this level of airtightness, it is considered somewhat difficult to perform efficient and healthy 24-hour ventilation by performing effective planned ventilation and metering ventilation that is not affected by wind. The ideal airtight level for a highly airtight house is ideally having a gap equivalent area of 2 square cm / m ² or less.

  Next, usage will be described. First, the case of taking in air through the air flow path 2 having a roof gradient immediately below the metal roof plate 1 as a solar heat collecting part will be described.

  First is the case of winter daytime. The roof plate 1, which is a metal plate heated by sunlight, warms the outside air entering the air flow path 2, and this warmed air rises along the roof gradient.

  The heated air is collected in the ridge duct 4 and then enters the handling box 5 by the heat collection fan 7 and flows down from the handling box 5 into the falling duct 10 between the thermal storage soil concrete 11 and the floor panel 12. Enter the air circulation space 13. In this air circulation space 13, heated air directly warms under the floor surface via the floor panel 12, and stores heat in the thermal storage soil concrete 11 and directly blows out into the room as warm air from the floor outlet 14. Performs street heating.

  In addition, the heat collecting fan 7 is operated at night in summer, the cold air at night is taken into the air flow path 2 directly below the metal roofing board 1, and the radiant cooling from the roof surface also acts, and this air flows into the falling duct. It can also be sent to the air circulation space 13 between the underfloor heat storage body and the floor panel 12 through 10 and can be stored in the soil concrete 11 as the underfloor heat storage body. In particular, night cold air enters the air flow path 2 formed immediately below the roof plate 1 from the air intake 3 such as the eaves, and is radiatively cooled.

  During such a winter daytime or summer nighttime, the air becomes a push-in type, so-called static pressure type ventilation, and the air in the room 20 is exhausted to the outside in accordance with the amount of air blown into the room 20. This exhaust may be performed through a gap that the building originally has, or through a ventilation port (including the air intake 24). At that time, the operation of the 24-hour ventilation fan 26 is stopped.

  Next, when the weather is bad or in the winter night, as shown in FIG. 2, the chuck damper 6 'is rotated to close the flow path on the side of the ridge duct 4, and the heat collecting fan 7 is stopped. The ventilation fan 26 is operated for 24 hours. Thereby, exhaust-type ventilation is performed. In the case of this ventilation, in the winter, the 24-hour ventilation fan 26 and the air intake 24 may be arranged so as to take in the summer seasonal wind so as to avoid the flow of air from the bottom to the top and the winter seasonal wind.

  Further, even if the 24-hour ventilation fan 26 breaks down, a ventilation plan is performed so that the 24-hour ventilation fan 26 mounted at a high position and the air intake 24 can have a height difference so that a certain amount of natural ventilation can be secured.

  As shown in FIG. 3, when hot air or moisture is trapped in the room, the ventilation fan 26 is turned off for 24 hours, the window is opened, and the air is passed.

  FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment of the present invention, in which a 24-hour ventilation fan 26 is not provided, an intake duct or intake port 22 that opens to the back of the cabin 29 is provided in the handling box 5, and the intake damper 6 ' The flow path between the duct or intake port 22 and the building duct 4 is switched.

  According to the second embodiment, during the winter nighttime, summer daytime, or intermediate period, the chuck damper 6 'is rotated to close the flow path on the side of the ridge duct 4 and open the intake duct or intake port 22. .

  The heat collecting fan 7 continues to operate. By sending air from the intake duct or intake port 22 into the room 20 from the handling box 5 through the falling duct 10, a push-in type, so-called static pressure type ventilation is obtained in the same manner as in the heat collection, and 24-hour ventilation is achieved. The condition can be met.

  Further, since the air from the air intake duct or the air inlet 22 is obtained from the cabin 29 and is preheated air in the room 20, there is no possibility of promoting a temperature drop in the room 20.

  In a solar system house that uses heated air collected by sunlight, it is necessary to release all the heated air heated by the roofing board 1 to the outside air during high temperatures such as summer, when heating is not necessary. . In that case, if the falling duct 10 side that is one of the outflow sides is closed by the flow path switching damper 8 and the other side of the exhaust duct 9 that is the outflow side is opened, the heated air is discharged from the handling box 5 into the exhaust duct. 9 is thrown away outdoors. The heated air passes through the handling box 5 to heat the hot water coil 15, so that it is possible to ensure that hot water can be obtained by using solar heat even at high temperatures such as in summer.

  Even in this case, the ventilation damper 6 'may be slightly opened and the intake duct or intake port 22 may be slightly opened for ventilation. In this way, air is sucked into the handling box 5 from the back of the hut 29, and the heated air is thrown outside through the exhaust duct 9, but as a result of such suction exhaust, indoor ventilation is ensured. Is done.

  FIG. 5 shows a third embodiment of the present invention. Instead of the intake duct or intake port 22, an intake duct 27 having one end opened outdoors through a tube (cool tube) 25 embedded in the ground is shown. Connected to handling box 5.

  The chuck damper 6 'switches the flow path between the intake duct 27 and the ridge duct 4.

  As in the first and second embodiments, next in the winter night, in the summer daytime, or in the intermediate period, the chuck damper 6 'is rotated to close the flow path on the ridge duct 4 side and open the intake duct 26. .

  The heat collecting fan 7 continues to operate. By passing air from the intake duct 27 through the tube (cool tube) 25 from the outside to the room 20 via the falling duct 10 from the handling box 5, a push-in type, so-called static pressure type, is used as in the case of the heat collection. Ventilation is obtained and the conditions for 24-hour ventilation can be met.

  In the present embodiment, outside air is taken in through a tube (cool tube) 25 buried in the ground instead of the intake duct or intake port 22 and preheat (warming in winter, cold in summer) Since it is the air which was made, there is no possibility of promoting the temperature fall or rise of the room 20.

  As another method using a tube (cool tube) 25 buried in the ground, as shown in FIG. 6, the tube (cool tube) 25 is an air circulation space between the thermal storage soil concrete 11 and the floor panel 12. 13 or directly into the room 20 and may be combined with the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 or the embodiment shown in FIG.

  One end of the tube (cool tube) 25 may be provided with a handling box 35, which is provided with a fan 33 and a damper 34 as needed (either one is acceptable).

  In the embodiment of FIG. 6, instead of taking air from the air intake port 24 into the room 20 in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the air is taken in through a tube (cool tube) 25 embedded in the ground. As in the case of preheating (heated in winter and cooled in summer, there is no possibility of promoting a temperature drop or rise in the room 20).

  During the winter night when the heat collection operation is not performed as a solar system house as described above, the damper (the backflow prevention damper 6) for supplying air from the solar heat collection section is closed, and the air supply means side from other than the solar heat collection section Open and connect the damper. If the heat collecting fan 7 is operated in this state, it can be ventilated for 24 hours using this as a ventilation fan.

It is a longitudinal front view at the time of the heat collection taking in which shows the 1st embodiment of the passive solar system house of the present invention. It is a vertical front view at the time of 24 hour ventilation fan operation which shows 1st Embodiment of the passive solar system house of this invention. It is a vertical front view at the time of window opening ventilation which shows 1st Embodiment of the passive solar system house of this invention. It is a vertical front view which shows 2nd Embodiment of the passive solar system house of this invention. It is a vertical front view which shows 3rd Embodiment of the passive solar system house of this invention. It is a vertical front view which shows 3rd Embodiment of the passive solar system house of this invention. It is a vertical side view which shows the outline | summary of the conventional solar system house.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Roof board 2 ... Air flow path 3 ... Air intake 4 ... Building duct 5 ... Handling box 6 ... Backflow prevention damper 6 '... Check damper 7 ... Heat collecting fan 8 ... Flow switching damper 9 ... Exhaust duct 10 ... Falling duct 11 ... Clay concrete 12 ... Floor panel 13 ... Air circulation space 14 ... Floor outlet 15 ... Hot water coil 16 ... Circulation pipe 17 ... Hot water storage tank 18 ... Hot water boiler for reheating 19 ... Circulation pump 20 ... Indoor 21 ... Hot water supply pipe 22 ... Air intake 23 ... Vent 24 ... Air intake 25 ... Tube 26 ... 24 hour ventilation fan 27 ... Air intake duct 29 ... Hut back 32 ... Duct 33 ... Fan 34 ... Damper 35 ... Handling box

Claims (3)

  Directly below the roof plate, one end is provided with a solar heat collecting part that forms an air flow path with the same gradient as the open roof as an air intake at the eaves etc., and this solar heat collecting part is for collecting heat A handling box with a fan inside is connected via a heat collection duct, and a falling duct to the floor and an exhaust duct to the outside are connected to the handling box. In a passive solar system house where air is forcibly sent to the room through a falling duct with a heat collecting fan, a 24-hour ventilation fan is provided, and at the time of heat collection or summer night, the 24-hour ventilation fan is stopped to collect heat. A passive solar system house characterized in that the fan for driving is driven and the fan for collecting heat is stopped and the ventilation fan is driven for 24 hours.   Directly below the roof plate, one end is provided with a solar heat collecting part that forms an air flow path with the same gradient as the open roof as an air intake at the eaves etc., and this solar heat collecting part is for collecting heat A handling box with a fan inside is connected via a heat collection duct, and a falling duct to the floor and an exhaust duct to the outside are connected to the handling box. In a passive solar system house that forcibly sends air into the room through a falling duct with a heat collection fan, the intake duct or intake opening that opens to the handling box can be switched from the heat collection duct using a damper. The passive solar system house is characterized in that the fan for collecting heat is driven even when not collecting heat, and the air from the intake duct is sent into the room.   Directly below the roof plate, one end is provided with a solar heat collecting part that forms an air flow path with the same gradient as the open roof as an air intake at the eaves etc., and this solar heat collecting part is for collecting heat A handling box with a fan inside is connected via a heat collection duct, and a falling duct to the floor and an exhaust duct to the outside are connected to the handling box. In a passive solar system house in which air is forcibly sent into the room through a falling duct with a heat collecting fan, an intake duct whose one end opens outdoors through a tube buried in the ground is a damper. The passive solar system house is characterized in that it is connected in a switchable manner so that the heat collecting fan is driven even during non-heat collecting, and the air from the intake duct is sent into the room.

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