JP3878618B2 - Passive solar system house - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a passive solar system house that uses solar energy in the winter or the like to perform heating or the like with air heated by the sun.

  The thermal performance of Japanese buildings is very poor from the viewpoint of energy saving. The effect of housing and construction on the energy crisis and the phenomenon of global warming due to carbon dioxide as a result of overheating the summer heat with an air conditioner that can be supported by electric power, cold in winter, and burning with plenty of oil Is very big.

  What advanced countries should do now is to create a way to reduce the environmental burden while improving the quality of life without lowering the level of life. Therefore, it is necessary to construct houses and buildings that flexibly respond to external environmental conditions as well as wind and other weather conditions to optimize the use of solar energy for indoor heating, cooling, ventilation, dehumidification, and hot water supply. It is done.

  The applicants previously obtained a patent right for "Solar System House" as the following patent document.

Japanese Patent Publication No. 08-001336 "Solar system house and handling box used therefor" Japanese Patent Publication No. 07-116765 “Solar System House” Japanese Patent Publication No. 06-070528 “Solar System House” Japanese Patent No. 3295070 “Solar System House” Japanese Patent No. 3274858 “Solar System House” Japanese Patent No. 3182544 “Solar System House” Japanese Patent No. 3134118 “Solar System House” Japanese Patent No. 30664456 “Solar System House”

  According to the solar system house of these patent documents, it has the characteristic that it collects heat first by a roof. What can be said about the characteristics of solar energy as energy, it can be said that it is “lightly, broadly, evenly distributed”. It is not suitable for large-scale and intensive power generation because it is not intensive high temperature like the heat obtained from oil. In other words, the use of solar energy means that each building uses its “roof”, which is the most realistic and well suited to the characteristics of energy. So, on the “roof” that receives the most sun, it collects solar energy and takes it into the building.

  The altitude of buildings in the area is severely limited, so even if you cannot get sunshine indoors, the “roof” usually has abundant solar energy. In other words, this use adds a new function of “capturing heat” to the function of “shelter” that prevents the natural wind and rain of the roof.

  Next, heat is transferred by air. When taking heat into the room, a widely used method is to transfer it to water. The solar system house of the above-mentioned patent document takes in "air" warmly instead of water. The reason is that water heat collection has many difficult aspects. A drop of water must be prevented from leaking, solar energy often causes boiling of water, must withstand the boiling vapor pressure, freezing phenomenon, and tube expansion and contraction And so on. On the other hand, the air does not bother anyone even if it leaks a little, and it is not noticed above all. Also, since air is a gas, it cannot boil. For this reason, it is very safe to use air.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the solar system house of the above-mentioned patent document forms an air flow path 2 having a roof slope immediately below a metal roof plate 1 made of a colored iron plate, and one end of the air flow path 2 is at the eaves edge. Etc., and the other end of the air flow path 2 communicates with a ridge duct as a condensing duct 4.

  A handling box 5 provided with a backflow prevention damper 6, a heat collecting fan 7 and a flow path switching damper 8 inside is installed in a hut 29 which is an attic space, and one of the handling box 5 on the outflow side of the flow path switching damper 8. Is opened outdoors by an exhaust duct 9.

  Further, the inflow side of the backflow prevention damper 6 of the handling box 5 is communicated with the heat collecting duct 4 via the duct 32, and the other one of the outflow side of the flow path switching damper 8 is connected to the upper end of the falling duct 10. . The lower end of the falling duct 10 opened to the air circulation space 13 between the soil concrete 11 and the floor panel 12 as an underfloor heat storage body. Furthermore, a floor outlet 14 from the air circulation space 13 to the room was provided.

  A hot water take-off coil 15 is provided inside the handling box 5 or between the handling box 5 and the heat collecting duct 4, and the hot water take-off coil 15 is connected to a hot water storage tank 17 and a circulation pump 19 by a circulation pipe 16. Is provided with a hot water supply boiler 18 on the way, and a hot water supply pipe 21 connected to a bath, a washroom, and a kitchen is connected.

  Thus, the roof board 1 which is a metal plate heated by sunlight warms the outside air that has entered the air flow path 2, and the warmed air rises along the roof gradient. The heated air is collected in the heat collecting duct 4 and then enters the handling box 5 by the heat collecting fan 7, and flows down from the handling box 5 into the falling duct 10. Enter the air circulation space 13 between. In this air circulation space 13, heated air directly warms the floor surface via the floor panel 12, stores heat in the thermal storage soil concrete 11, and blows out directly from the floor outlet 14 to the room 20 as hot air. The three types of heating are performed.

  On the other hand, in the hot water coil 15, the heat medium fed by the circulation pump 19 from the hot water storage tank 17 through the circulation pipe 16 is heated and stored as hot water in the hot water storage tank 17, and further reheated from here as necessary. The hot water supply boiler 18 reheats and supplies hot water from the hot water supply pipe 21 to various places.

  In the high temperature season such as summer, when heating is not necessary, it is necessary to discharge all the heated air heated by the roof plate 1 to the outside air and throw it away. In that case, if the falling duct 10 side that is one of the outflow sides is closed by the flow path switching damper 8 and the other side of the exhaust duct 9 that is the outflow side is opened, the heated air is discharged from the handling box 5 into the exhaust duct. 9 is thrown away outdoors.

  The heated air passes through the handling box 5 to heat the hot water coil 15, so that it is possible to ensure that hot water can be obtained by using solar heat even at high temperatures such as in summer.

  In this way, in the summer daytime, heat is collected by the roof plate 1 to remove hot water, and the warmed air is thrown away from the handling box 5 through the exhaust duct 9 to the outside.

  As a result, the backflow prevention damper 6, the heat collecting fan 7 and the flow path switching damper 8 which are devices in the handling box 5 are exposed to a considerably high temperature, and wear of electrical components such as a motor is accelerated. Moreover, since it is exposed to high temperature, there is a possibility that harmful substances are generated from the machine.

  Moreover, although the roof part becomes high temperature centering on the air flow path 2, and although the heat insulating material is distribute | arranged to the lower side of the air flow path 2, it does not have the influence on a room | chamber interior. In particular, when the ceiling is not formed and there is no hut, the attic is directly in the room and is easily affected.

  By the way, according to the revised Building Standards Law, ventilation of a building necessary for a healthy life is performed 0.5 times per hour, and [the volume of the building (called volume)] is 2 hours. (Replace once with outside air). The same applies to the solar system house, and it is necessary to install a mechanical ventilation facility for 24 hours and perform ventilation for 24 hours.

  To that end, a 24-hour ventilation fan will be installed, but in order to deliver small heating energy from solar heat to the entire building, it is necessary to create an air flow by planned ventilation.

  In the solar system house, at the time of collecting heat during the daytime in winter, the air warmed by the roof plate flows down from the handling box into the falling duct, and enters the air circulation space between the thermal storage soil concrete and the floor panel, When this is viewed as ventilation by blowing it directly into the room as warm air from the floor outlet, it becomes a push-type, so-called static pressure type ventilation, and the indoor air is exhausted to the outside according to the amount blown into the room. Is done.

  However, in the summer daytime etc., the heated air does not go into the room but passes through, so no ventilation is performed. As a result, a separate ventilation facility is required.

  In consideration of such circumstances, the present invention takes advantage of a passive solar system house that can optimize the use of solar energy, and cools the roof as a solar heat collecting section on a summer day to indoors. To provide a passive solar system house that can efficiently obtain the ventilation of a building necessary to eliminate the adverse effects and at the same time to live a healthy life as stipulated by the Building Standards Law without installing special ventilation equipment It is in.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention according to claim 1 is a solar heat collection system in which an air flow path having an inclination similar to that of an open roof is formed as an air intake at an eaves or the like directly below a roof plate. A heating part is provided, and a handling box having a heat collecting fan disposed therein is connected to the solar heat collecting part via a heat collecting duct, and a falling duct to the floor is connected to the handling box. In a passive solar system house in which the collected air obtained from the solar heat collecting section is sent indoors through a falling duct with a heat collecting fan, the handling box is provided with an intake duct or intake opening that opens to the room, and the handling box A return duct to the heat collecting duct is connected to the air duct, and a flow path switching damper for switching the flow path to the return duct and the falling duct is provided. Switchably provided with dampers and the heat collecting duct intake duct or inlet opening to the chamber ring box, collecting air in the chamber which is sucked into the handling box from the intake duct or air inlet via a return duct The gist of the invention is that it is sent to a heat duct, further rises in the air flow path of the roof portion, and is exhausted to the outside from an air intake port of the eaves or the like .

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, at the time of collecting heat during winter daytime or the like, the roof plate, which is a metal plate heated by sunlight, warms the outside air entering the air flow path, and the warmed air is Ascend along the roof slope. This heated air is collected in the heat collecting duct and then enters the handling box by the heat collecting fan, flows down from the handling box into the falling duct, and enters the air circulation space between the thermal storage soil concrete and the floor panel. . In this air circulation space, heated air directly warms under the floor through the floor panel, stores heat in the heat storage soil concrete, and blows directly into the room as warm air from the floor outlet. Performs heating.

  When this is viewed as ventilation, it becomes push-type ventilation, so-called static pressure type ventilation, and indoor air is exhausted to the outside in accordance with the amount blown into the room. This exhaust may be performed through a gap inherent in the building or through a ventilation opening.

  On the other hand, in summer daytime etc., the flow path switching damper is switched from the falling duct to the return duct and the flow path, and the damper is switched to open the intake duct or intake port. Drive the fan. In this way, the indoor air sucked into the handling box from the intake duct or the intake port is sent to the heat collecting duct via the return duct, and further, the air flow path of the roof portion is raised to The air is exhausted from the air intake. At that time, the roof portion is cooled by air from the room. That is, roof cooling and room exhaust are performed simultaneously, and negative pressure type ventilation is performed indoors.

  By the way, during the summer night, the heat collecting fan is driven in the same way as during heat collection to take in the cold air at night into the air flow path, thereby providing a push-in type, so-called static pressure type ventilation. In this way, 24-hour ventilation is obtained. In this case, radiative cooling from the roof surface is also applied, and this air is sent to the air circulation space between the underfloor heat storage body and the floor panel via the falling duct, and is stored in the soil concrete as the underfloor heat storage body. It can also be made. In particular, night cold air enters the air flow path 2 formed immediately below the roof plate 1 from the air intake 3 such as the eaves, and is radiatively cooled.

  The present invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that one end of a tube embedded in the ground is opened outdoors, and the other end is drawn indoors, and a handling box with a built-in fan is connected thereto to open under the floor or indoors. It is what.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, although the exhaust in the room results in a negative pressure in the room, there is a possibility that hot air outside may be drawn into the room through the gap. By actively sucking the air preheated (cooled) to the temperature, it is possible to prevent the indoor temperature from being promoted.

  The gist of the present invention described in claim 3 is to install a titanium oxide mesh screen in the room.

  Titanium oxide is also called a photocatalyst, and the substance itself is neither oxidized nor reduced, and is a substance that promotes a chemical reaction by the light of the sun or a fluorescent lamp. Titanium oxide has the property of decomposing organic matter when exposed to ultraviolet rays, has a deodorizing and antibacterial action, and can purify air and water pollution without using energy such as electric power. In addition, the photocatalyst has a property called “photo-induced superhydrophilicity”, and an extremely thin water film can be formed with a small amount of water.

  According to the third aspect of the present invention, by applying hot water to the titanium oxide mesh screen in winter, humidification and its heat can be dissipated from the screen using the evaporation latent heat of the hot water, contributing to heating. Can do. In summer, water can be applied to cool the water using the latent heat of vaporization of water.

  As described above, the present invention takes advantage of the passive solar system house that can optimize the use of solar energy, and cools the roof as a solar heat collecting part in summer noon to adversely affect indoors. At the same time, it is possible to efficiently obtain the ventilation of the building necessary for a healthy life as stipulated by the Building Standards Law without providing special ventilation equipment.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. 1 and 2 show one embodiment of the present invention, and the basic structure of the passive solar system house of the present invention is the same as that of the solar system house of Patent Documents 1-8.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the roof has an inclined roof, and the roof has an air flow path 2 having a roof gradient immediately below a metal roof plate 1 of a color iron plate as a solar heat collecting part. The lower side of the air flow path 2 was shielded by heat insulation, and one end of the air flow path 2 opened as an air intake 3 at the eaves or the like. Furthermore, the other end of the air flow path 2 is positioned at a high portion of the roof to be an air outlet, and a heat collecting duct 4 formed of a heat insulating material is communicated with the air outlet. The heat collecting duct 4 is installed outdoors in the present embodiment, but may be installed indoors.

  As a part for storing and radiating solar heat collected on such a roof, the soil concrete 11 is used as an underfloor heat storage body. Therefore, an air circulation space 13 is provided between the soil concrete 11 and the floor panel 12, and a floor outlet 14 is provided from the air circulation space 13 to the room. Three types of heating operations are performed: heating directly under the floor through the panel 12, storing heat in the soil concrete 11, and blowing it directly into the room as warm air from the floor outlet 14. .

  Moreover, the handling box 5 was installed indoors as what connects the part which heat-collects these solar heat, and the part which heat-stores and thermally radiates solar heat.

  This handling box 5 is a box provided with a damper 6 'as a chuck damper that supports one end also serving as a backflow prevention damper, a heat collecting fan 7, and a flow path switching damper 8. Then, one of the outlet side of the flow path switching damper 8 of the handling box 5 was connected to the heat collecting duct 4 as a return duct 22.

  Further, the inflow side of the damper 6 ′ of the handling box 5 is communicated with the heat collecting duct 4 via the duct 32, and the other one of the outflow side of the flow path switching damper 8 is connected to the upper end of the falling duct 10. The lower end of the falling duct 10 opened to the air circulation space 13 between the soil concrete 11 and the floor panel 12 as an underfloor heat storage body.

  In the present embodiment, unlike the conventional example shown in FIG. 4, the internal hot water take-off coil of the handling box 5 is provided and the hot water is not taken off.

  In the present embodiment, the handling box 5 is provided with an intake duct or intake port 27 that opens into the room 20, and the damper 6 ′ switches the flow path between the intake duct or intake port 27 and the duct 32 to the heat collecting duct 4. And

  Furthermore, one end of a tube (cool tube) 25 embedded in the ground is opened to the outside, and the other end is drawn indoors, in the illustrated example, into the air circulation space 13 between the soil concrete 11 and the floor panel 12. Here, a handling box 28 with a built-in fan 28a was connected.

  A damper 23 that opens and closes one end of the tube 25 in the handling box 28 is provided in the handling box 28. Note that one end of the tube 25 may be opened indoors.

  Moreover, the heat exchange ventilation fan 30 is provided as a 24-hour ventilation fan.

  The fan 28a, the damper 23, and the heat exchange ventilation fan 30 of the handling box 28 are similarly program-controlled by the control panel 24 that controls the fan, damper, and the like of the handling box 5.

  In addition, a titanium oxide mesh screen 31 was installed in the room 20. The titanium oxide mesh screen 31 is a protective coating made of titanium oxide, a photocatalyst, a dielectric film, and a semiconductor film by applying a titanium-containing substance to a mesh screen material having an eye size that does not allow water droplets to pass, and drying or baking at a low temperature. In order to form an ultraviolet cut film, a colored coating, etc., various materials such as glass, white porcelain, metal, and plastics can be selected as the mesh screen material.

  Next, usage will be described. First, FIG. 2 will be described with reference to FIG. 2 in the case of taking in air through an air flow path 2 having a roof gradient immediately below a metal roof plate 1 as a solar heat collecting portion in the case of winter daytime or the like.

  The roof plate 1, which is a metal plate heated by sunlight, warms the outside air entering the air flow path 2, and this warmed air rises along the roof gradient.

  The heated air is collected in the heat collecting duct 4 and then enters the handling box 5 by the heat collecting fan 7, and flows down from the handling box 5 into the falling duct 10. Enter the air circulation space 13 between. In this air circulation space 13, heated air directly warms under the floor surface via the floor panel 12, and stores heat in the thermal storage soil concrete 11 and blows out directly into the room as warm air from the floor outlet 14. Performs street heating.

  Hot water is applied to the titanium oxide mesh screen 31. The hot water of the titanium oxide mesh screen 31 evaporates, and humidification and heat dissipation can be performed using the latent heat of evaporation.

  In addition, the heat collecting fan 7 is operated at night in summer, the cold air at night is taken into the air flow path 2 directly below the metal roofing board 1, and the radiant cooling from the roof surface also acts, and this air flows into the falling duct. It can also be sent to the air circulation space 13 between the underfloor heat storage body and the floor panel 12 through 10 and can be stored in the soil concrete 11 as the underfloor heat storage body. In particular, night cold air enters the air flow path 2 formed immediately below the roof plate 1 from the air intake 3 such as the eaves, and is radiatively cooled.

  During such a winter daytime or summer nighttime, the air becomes a push-in type, so-called static pressure type ventilation, and the air in the room 20 is exhausted to the outside in accordance with the amount of air blown into the room 20. This exhaust may be performed through a gap inherent in the building or through a ventilation opening.

  Next, when the weather is bad or in the winter night, as shown in FIG. 1, the damper 6 'is rotated to close the flow path on the duct 32 side, and the intake duct or intake port 27 is opened to collect the heat collecting fan. Driving 7 driving. Thereby, exhaust-type ventilation is performed. Note that intake into the room 20 may be performed by the heat exchange ventilation fan 30, and heat exchange with the exhaust may be performed when outside cold air is taken in.

  In summer daytime etc., the flow path switching damper 8 is switched from the falling duct 10 to the return duct 22 and the flow path is switched, and the damper 6 'is switched to open the intake duct or the intake port 27 so Similarly, the heat collecting fan 7 is operated.

  Moreover, the end of the tube 25 embed | buried under the ground with the damper 23 is opened, and it connects with the outdoors.

  If it does in this way, the indoor air attracted | sucked in the handling box 5 from the air intake duct or the air inlet 27 will be sent to the heat collection duct 4 via the return duct 22, and will further raise the air flow path 2 of a roof part. Then, the air is exhausted from the air intake 3 such as the eaves. At that time, the roof portion is cooled by the air from the room 20.

  Further, suction (negative pressure type) exhaust is simultaneously performed in the room 20, and air cooled in the ground through the tube 25 is taken into the room 20 from the outside.

  In such a summer daytime, the room 20 can be cooled by applying water to the titanium oxide mesh screen 31 and utilizing the latent heat of evaporation of water. FIG. 3 shows a decrease in contact angle as a photo-induced superhydrophilic effect by the photocatalyst.

It is a vertical front view at the time of heat collection taking in the daytime of summer etc. which shows 1st Embodiment of the passive solar system house of this invention. It is a longitudinal front view of modes, such as winter daytime, which shows 1st Embodiment of the passive solar system house of this invention. It is a graph which shows the contact angle of the water droplet of a titanium oxide mesh screen. It is a vertical side view which shows the outline | summary of the conventional solar system house.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Roof board 2 ... Air flow path 3 ... Air intake 4 ... Heat collection duct 5 ... Handling box 6 ... Backflow prevention damper 6 '... Damper 7 ... Heat collection fan 8 ... Flow path switching damper 9 ... Exhaust duct 10 ... Falling duct 11 ... Clay concrete 12 ... Floor panel 13 ... Air circulation space 14 ... Floor outlet 15 ... Hot water coil 16 ... Circulation pipe 17 ... Hot water storage tank 18 ... Hot water boiler for reheating 19 ... Circulation pump 20 ... Indoor 21 ... Hot-water supply pipe 22 ... Return duct 23 ... Damper 24 ... Control panel 25 ... Tube 26 ... 24-hour ventilation fan 27 ... Intake duct or inlet 28 ... Handling box 28a ... Fan 29 ... Shut 30 ... Heat exchange ventilation fan 31 ... Titanium oxide mesh Screen 32 ... Duct

Claims (3)

Directly below the roof plate, one end is provided with a solar heat collecting part that forms an air flow path with the same gradient as the open roof as an air intake at the eaves etc., and this solar heat collecting part is for collecting heat A handling box with a fan installed inside is connected via a heat collection duct, and a falling duct to the floor is connected to the handling box, and the collected air obtained at the solar heat collection unit is used as a heat collection fan. In a passive solar system house that is sent into the room via a falling duct at the handling box , the handling box is provided with an intake duct or intake opening that opens into the room, and a return duct to the heat collecting duct is connected to the handling box. And a flow path switching damper for switching the flow path to the falling duct, and an intake duct or an air opening opening indoors in the handling box or The said heat collecting duct outlet port switchably provided with dampers, air in the room where the sucked into the handling box from the intake duct or air inlet is sent via the return duct to the heat collecting duct, further roof portion A passive solar system house , wherein the air flow path is raised and exhausted to the outside from an air intake port of the eaves or the like .   The passive solar system house according to claim 1, wherein one end of a tube embedded in the ground is opened outdoors, and the other end is drawn indoors, and a handling box containing a fan is connected to the tube to open the floor or indoors.   The passive solar system house according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a titanium oxide mesh screen is installed in the room.

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