JP2005095066A - Method for improving germination of seed, germination-improved seed, coated seed and germination-improving agent - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for improving the germination of seeds of vegetables, flowering plants or the like, and to provide germination-improved seeds. <P>SOLUTION: The method for improving the germination of seeds comprises treating the seeds with an apatite such as hydroxyapatite. Thereby, seed germination is uniformized, improving germination rate. The thus coated seeds, containing the apatite in the coating layer formed on the surface thereof and improved in germination, is good in the sustainability of the improvement effect. Furthermore, by using a germination-improving agent containing such an apatite as the active ingredient, the germination of seeds can be improved. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a seed germination improving method, a germination improved seed, a coated seed, and a germination improving agent.

  In the production of vegetables, flower buds, etc., seeds were sown more than necessary, and thinning was carried out after germination. However, seed varieties have increased and become more expensive, and labor saving is required. In order to secure the necessary number of seeds with a smaller number of seeds, and to germinate as much as possible at a good germination rate even in a poor environment for seed germination. It has been.

  However, depending on the type of seed, the germination rate is low, the period until germination is long, the timing of germination is difficult to complete, and if the environment suitable for germination is removed, germination is delayed or dormancy is entered. From the viewpoint of efficient production of vegetables, flower buds and the like, there has been a demand for a method for improving the germination of seeds such as vegetables and flower buds and the development of seeds with improved germination.

  Under these circumstances, the present inventors diligently studied methods for improving germination of seeds such as vegetables and flower buds. As a result, apatites such as hydroxyapatite are effective in improving germination of seeds. It has been found that the seed germination is improved and the germination rate is improved by treating with seeds, leading to the present invention.

  That is, the present invention comprises a seed germination improving method characterized by treating seeds with apatites, a germination improved seed characterized by being treated with apatites, and an apatite compound as an active ingredient Germination improver characterized in that, in the coating layer formed on the seed surface, the coated seed characterized by containing apatite, the coated seed characterized by coating the seed treated with apatite, In the soil for germinating seeds, the germination improved soil containing an effective amount of apatite and the germination improved seeds or the coated seeds are sown on the ground, covered, and germinated. It provides seedlings with characteristics.

  According to the germination improvement method of the present invention, it is possible to improve germination of seeds such as vegetables and flower buds by improving the germination rate, shortening the period until germination, and generalizing the germination time.

  The seeds that are the subject of the present invention are not particularly limited, and examples include vegetable seeds, flower seeds, grass seeds, wild grass seeds, etc. Examples of vegetable seeds include cucumber, melon, pumpkin vegetable seeds such as cucumbers, for example, Eggplant, tomato and other solanaceous vegetable seeds, for example, peas, green beans, etc. Vegetable seeds such as carrots, celery, etc., celery family vegetable seeds, burdock, lettuce, chrysanthemum, etc. Can be mentioned. As the flower seeds, for example, flower seeds of Brassicaceae such as ha button, stock, Alyssum, etc. Flower seeds such as primroses such as snapdragons, flower seeds such as primulas such as primula, flower seeds such as rhododendrons such as begonia, and flower seeds such as Labiatae such as salvia, such as violets such as pansy and viola For example, plant seeds of solanaceae such as petunia, and plant seeds of gentian family such as eustoma. As pasture seeds, pasture seeds such as timothy (Oowawaeri), Italian ryegrass (barley wheat), verm douglas (gourd shiba), oat hay (soba), sudangrass, kraingrass, susque, orchardgrass (camogaya), burley, wheat etc. Can be mentioned. Examples of wild grass seeds include, for example, legume wild grass seeds such as alfalfa (purple wings) and clover (white clover), for example, grass seeds such as grasses such as bark.

  As the apatites, for example, hydroxyapatite, a part or all of the hydroxyl group constituting hydroxyapatite is substituted with a halogen atom such as a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom, and a halogenated apatite such as fluorinated apatite or chloroapatite. These may be used alone or as a mixture. As such apatites, for example, commercially available ones may be used, or those produced according to known methods may be used. For example, as hydroxyapatite, for example, hydroxyapatite (specially obtained by heat treatment at 700 to 1200 ° C. of sludge containing calcium phosphate obtained by treating calcium phosphate or a phosphorus-containing effluent with an alkaline calcium compound in the presence of water. No. 2000-281322 may be used. The shape of the apatites is not particularly limited, but powder is preferable from the viewpoint of easy contact with seeds.

  Examples of a method for treating apatites with such seeds include a method of immersing seeds in a treatment agent containing apatites, a method of spraying a treatment liquid containing apatites onto seeds, apatite powder or powder containing apatites. A method of dressing a seed on a seed, a method of bringing a seed into contact with a wet apatite, a method of allowing a seed to stand on a carrier such as filter paper impregnated with a treatment liquid containing apatites, absorbent cotton, gauze, etc. .

  In addition, a method in which apatite is contained in a seeding pot or the like containing a soil for seeding, and a seed is sowed on a floor that contains such apatite, after seeding on the floor Also, a method of sprinkling a treatment powder containing apatite powder or apatite on the floor may be mentioned.

  Examples of the treating agent containing apatites include a suspension of apatites and water, a mixture of apatites and vermiculite, a mixture of apatites and talc, a mixture of apatites and diatomaceous earth, and a mixture of apatites and silica. And a mixture of apatite and kaolin, a mixture of apatite and peat moss, a mixture of apatite and pearlite, a mixture of apatite and bark, and the like. The content of apatites in the treatment agent varies depending on the type and variety of the seed to be treated, and may be determined as appropriate. As the treatment liquid containing apatites, a suspension of apatites and water is usually used.

  The amount of powdered apatite is also different depending on the type of seed to be treated, but usually the amount of apatite attached to at least a part of the seed is used.

  The treatment time and treatment temperature are not particularly limited and may be appropriately set depending on the type and variety of seeds to be treated, but are usually about 10 to 35 ° C. and about 24 to 48 hours.

  The treatment agent containing apatites may be mixed with agricultural chemicals such as bactericides, insecticides and herbicides, for example fertilizers. Moreover, if it is in the range which does not impair the effect of apatites, you may mix a plant growth regulator etc., for example. Further, for example, auxiliary agents such as spreading agents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, dispersing agents, fixing agents and the like may be mixed as long as the effects of the apatites are not impaired.

  After treatment with such apatites, germination improved seeds are obtained by usually drying treatment. Examples of the method for drying include a method of ventilating seeds treated with apatites. The drying temperature and drying time are not particularly limited, but are appropriately determined depending on the seed type and variety so that the damage to the seed is minimized.

  Subsequently, the coated seed will be described. As the coated seeds of the present invention, apatites adhere to the seed surface, a seed on which a coating layer is formed, a coating layer is formed on the seed surface, and the apatite is contained in the coating layer Seed seeds include seeds on which the apatites adhere to the surface of the seeds, a coating layer is formed on the seeds, and the coating layer contains the apatites. If the seed contains an apatite in the coating layer, the persistence of the germination improving effect can be further enhanced, and the apatite can act on the seed even in the soil after sowing.

  Seeds having apatites attached to the seed surface and having a coating layer formed thereon can be usually produced by treating the seeds with apatites in advance and then coating them. A seed having a coating layer formed on the surface of the seed and containing apatites in the coating layer is usually a binder mixed with apatite or an aqueous solution or dispersion thereof, a granulating material, a coating solution, etc. It can manufacture by coating-processing using a coating agent. Apatites adhere to the surface of the seed, and a coating layer is formed on the seed. The seed containing the apatite in the coating layer is usually treated with the apatite and then mixed with the apatite. Or a coating solution such as an aqueous solution or an aqueous dispersion thereof, a granulated material, or a coating solution.

  Examples of the method for coating seeds include a granulation coating method and a film coating method.

  Examples of the granulation coating method include a method in which a granulated material is coated on the seed surface while spraying a binder and dried. It does not restrict | limit especially as a binder and a granulation material, What is necessary is just a binder and granulation material which are used for a normal granulation coating method. Examples of the granulating material include diatomaceous earth, silica, talc, kaolin, and attapulgite. Examples of the binder include polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, starch, and water-based polyurethane resin. Such a binder is usually used as an aqueous solution or an aqueous dispersion. Moreover, you may use water as a binder. The amount of such binder and granulating material used is not particularly limited.

  When seeds containing apatites in the coating layer are produced by a granulating coating method, a binder or a granulating agent mixed with apatites may be used. The content of the apatite in the binder mixed with the apatite or the granulating agent varies depending on the type and variety of the seed to be coated, and is appropriately set so that a normal effective amount of the apatite is coated.

  Examples of the film coating method include a method in which a seed is sprayed with a coating solution and then dried, and a method in which the seed is dried while spraying the coating solution on the seed.

  The coating liquid is not particularly limited as long as it is a coating liquid used in a normal film coating method, and examples thereof include polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cellulose derivatives, water-based polyurethane resins, and the like. Used as Moreover, you may mix | blend inorganic minerals, such as a talc and a titanium oxide, for example in a coating liquid.

  When seeds containing apatites in the coating layer are produced by a film coating method, a coating solution in which apatites are mixed may be used. The content of the apatite in the coating liquid mixed with the apatite varies depending on the type and variety of seed to be coated, and is appropriately set so that an effective amount of the apatite is normally coated.

  Drying after the coating treatment is preferably performed while suppressing damage to the seeds due to heat as much as possible, and is usually carried out by ventilation drying, and the drying temperature and drying temperature may be appropriately determined depending on the type and variety of the seed.

  Subsequently, the germination improved culture soil containing an effective amount of apatite in the culture medium for germinating seeds will be described.

  By adding an effective amount of apatites to the soil for germinating seeds, germination improved soil can be prepared. By seeding seeds in such germination improved soil, seeds that have not been treated with apatites can be prepared. Even in contact with apatites in the soil, germination can be improved. When such germination improved soil is used, for example, seeds are sown on the soil, and then lighted and shielded with a cold koji or the like, and usually irrigated appropriately so that the soil does not dry.

  The soil for germinating the seed is not particularly limited as long as it is a commonly used soil, and examples thereof include peat moss, perlite, vermiculite, sand, and a mixed culture thereof. Moreover, you may use only apatite as germination improvement culture soil. In consideration of the growth after germination, a mixed culture of an effective amount of apatite and the above-mentioned culture is preferable.

  Such germination improved soil only needs to contain an effective amount of apatite, and the content thereof may be appropriately determined according to the type of seed and the like.

  Subsequently, a germination improver containing apatites as an active ingredient will be described. The germination improver is a composition containing an apatite as an active ingredient. For example, the germination improver may be mixed in a seed sowing medium, or the seed may be treated with the germination improver before sowing.

  Such a germination improver may be apatites alone or a composition containing an effective amount of apatites and a diluent. Examples of the diluent include diatomaceous earth, silica, kaolin, talc, peat moss, perlite, vermiculite, bark and the like alone or as a mixture.

  The content of the apatite in the germination improver is not particularly limited as long as it is an effective amount, but the content of the apatite in the germination improver is preferably 25% by weight or more, and is preferably 50% by weight or more. More preferably.

  Such germination improvers may be mixed with agricultural chemicals such as fungicides, insecticides and herbicides, for example fertilizers. Moreover, if it is in the range which does not impair the effect of apatites, you may mix a plant growth regulator etc., for example.

  What is necessary is just to determine the usage-amount in the case of using a germination improver suitably according to content of the apatite in a germination improver, the kind of seed, etc.

  Finally, seedlings that have been sown and covered with the germinated seeds or coated seeds and germinated and seedlings that have been germinated and seedlings that have been treated with the germination improver or germinated seedlings that have been sown, covered, and germinated. Will be described.

  Seedlings that have been sown and covered with the germinated seeds or coated seeds, and germinated seedlings, and seedlings that have been treated with the germination improver or seeded with improved germination agents, seeded with seeding, covered, and germinated seedlings, Compared to seedlings that have been sown and germinated with normal seeds, the seedlings have a better growth state and can be seedlings with higher commercial value.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention further in detail, this invention is not limited to these Examples. In the following test examples, conditions not described were performed according to the conditions described in the International Seed Inspection Regulation (ISTA 1999 edition).

Example 1
Hydroxyapatite (hereinafter abbreviated as HAp; purchased from Wako Pure Chemicals, for biomaterial research, powder X-ray diffraction profile is shown in FIG. 1) in a 9 cm petri dish (Falcon cell culture dish; sterilized). 2 g and 5 mL of ion-exchanged water are added and seeded with 25 seeds of lettuce (variety name: athlete, untreated with chemicals, refrigerated at 0 to 10 ° C.) to suppress evaporation of moisture during the test period The side of the petri dish was covered with Parafilm M (Laboratory Film manufactured by American Can) to prepare HAp-treated seeds.

Comparative Example 1
In another petri dish with the diameter of 9 cm (same as above; sterilized), 3 sheets of filter paper (Qualitative No. 1) were added, 7 mL of ion-exchanged water was added, and 25 seeds of the same lettuce used in Example 1 were sown, In the same manner as in Example 1, the side of the petri dish was covered with parafilm M to prepare seeds without HAp treatment.

Test example 1
Illuminated thermostat (dark room type artificial meteorograph (manufactured by NKSystem) (temperature / temperature-controlled meteorological apparatus) holding the petri dish containing the HAp-treated seed prepared in Example 1 and the petri dish containing the HAp-treated seed prepared in Comparative Example 1 at a temperature of 35 ° C. And then letting the lettuce seeds dormant, the temperature of the incubator was lowered to 30 ° C., and a germination test was performed (a germination test was performed when the temperature was stable at 30 ° C.). It was the start.) During the germination test, light irradiation (three-wavelength fluorescent lamp (white light)) for 12 hours per day was performed every day. The germination results are shown in Table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the germination rate was better for the seed treated with HAp (Example 1).

Example 2
In a 9 cm petri dish (FALCON cell culture dish; sterilized), the same HAp2 g and ion-exchanged water 7.5 mL as used in Example 1 were put, and carrot seeds (variety name: Paullet No. 2 (5 size), drug not used) 50 seeds treated and refrigerated at 0 to 10 ° C.) were sown, and the side of the petri dish was covered with parafilm M to prepare HAp-treated seeds.

Example 3
In another 9 cm petri dish (Falcon cell culture dish; sterilized), 2 g of HAp obtained in Reference Example 1 and 7.5 mL of ion-exchanged water were seeded, 50 seeds of carrot seeds were seeded, and the side of the petri dish was parafilm M And seeds treated with HAp were prepared.

Comparative Example 2
Put another filter paper (Qualitative No. 1) in another 9 cm petri dish (Falcon cell culture dish; sterilized), add 4.5 mL of ion-exchanged water, seed 50 carrot seeds, and petri dish. Were covered with Parafilm M to prepare seeds without HAp treatment.

Test example 2
The petri dish containing the HAp-treated seeds prepared in Example 2, the petri dish containing the HAp-treated seeds prepared in Example 3, and the petri dish containing the HAp-treated seeds prepared in Comparative Example 2 were maintained at a temperature of 20 ° C. The sample was placed in an incubator with illumination (NKSystem dark room type artificial weather device (temperature / illumination type)) and held for 2 days, and then the seeds were taken out, placed on filter paper, and dried at 20 to 25 ° C. for 4 days. After drying, each seed was sown on a petri dish containing two filter papers (Qualitative No. 1) and 4.5 mL of ion-exchanged water, and placed in the lighted incubator maintained at 20 ° C. for germination test. Went. During the germination test, light irradiation (three-wavelength fluorescent lamp (white light)) for 12 hours per day was performed every day. The results of germination rate are shown in Table 2. The seeds treated with HAp prepared in Example 2 and Example 3 had the same germination time and good germination rate. In either case, the germination rate did not change after the 8th day.

Example 4
Using the HAp obtained in Reference Example 1 (HAp content: 85%), standard soil (mainly containing peat moss and vermiculite, and containing some amounts of pearlite and fertilizer components) so that the HAp content is 10% by volume. HAp was mixed with HAp to prepare a HAp mixed medium.

Example 5
Using the HAp obtained in Reference Example 1 as it was, an HAp soil (HAp content: 100% by volume) was prepared.

Comparative Example 3
The standard soil used in Example 4 was used as the soil for Comparative Example 3.

Test example 3
The HAp mixed soil prepared in Example 4, the HAp soil prepared in Example 5 and the standard soil prepared in Comparative Example 3 were placed in the germination tray (128 holes), and eggplant (variety name: main length) was placed. Four seeds were sown per hole, placed in a place not exposed to sunlight, and kept at 20 to 25 ° C., and a germination test was performed. During the test, the bottom surface was watered to prevent the soil from drying out. The germination rate results are shown in Table 3. When the HAp mixed soil prepared in Example 4 and the HAp soil prepared in Example 5 were used, the germination days were shortened and the germination rate was greatly improved.

Reference example 1
In the presence of water, the calcium phosphate-containing sludge obtained by treating the phosphorous-containing effluent with calcium hydroxide was heat-treated at 700 to 1200 ° C. to obtain HAp (content: 85%). The powder X-ray diffraction profile of the obtained HAp is shown in FIG. 2 (a sharp peak peculiar to hydroxyapatite was obtained).
<Powder X-ray diffraction measurement conditions>
X-ray: Cu-Kα ray Scanning mode: Continuous mode (scanning range: 2 to 70 °)
Scan speed: 4 ° / min, scan step: 0.02 °

Example 6
A predetermined amount of HAp (purchased from Wako Pure Chemicals, for biomaterial research) and vermiculite were mixed to prepare a germination improver containing 5% by weight of HAp.

Example 7
A germination improver containing 25% by weight of HAp was prepared by mixing a predetermined amount of HAp (same as that used in Example 6) and vermiculite.

Example 8
A germination improver containing 50% by weight of HAp was prepared by mixing a predetermined amount of HAp (same as that used in Example 6) and vermiculite.

Example 9
A germination improver containing 75% by weight of HAp was prepared by mixing a predetermined amount of HAp (same as that used in Example 6) and vermiculite.

Example 10
HAp (same as that used in Example 6) was used as a germination improver (content: 100% by weight).

Comparative Example 4
The same vermiculite used in Examples 6 to 9 was used as Comparative Example 4.

Test example 4
The germination improvers prepared in Examples 6 to 10 and 2 g of vermiculite of Comparative Example 4 were each placed in a 9 cm petri dish and moistened with ion-exchanged water. 25 seeds of carrot seeds (variety name: Paullet 2 No. 5 size, untreated with chemicals, refrigerated at 0 to 10 ° C.) were sown and held at 20 ° C. for 2 days. Thereafter, the seeds were taken out and dried at a temperature of 20 ° C.

  Dried seeds are sown on a 9 cm petri dish containing two filter papers (qualitative No. 1) moistened with ion-exchanged water and kept at a temperature of 20 ° C. (an NKSystem dark room type artificial weather device) (Temperature / lighting type)) and germination test was conducted. During the germination test, light irradiation (three-wavelength fluorescent lamp (white light)) for 12 hours per day was performed every day. The results of germination rate are shown in Table 4. The improvement of the germination rate could be confirmed by treating with HAp alone or the germination improver containing HAp prepared in Examples 6 to 10.

Example 11
An aqueous suspension containing 1% by weight of HAp and 1% by weight of polyethylene glycol # 2000 (average molecular weight 2000) was used as a coating solution, and carrot seeds (variety name: Paullet 2 No. 5 size, untreated with drug, at 0 to 10 ° C. The refrigerated storage) was put into a stainless steel petri dish, and the petri dish was sprayed while the petri dish was rotated and dried using a drier to prepare coated seeds. The average increase in weight of the coated seeds before and after the coating treatment was about 0.1 mg / grain, and it was considered that the coating layer contained about 0.05 mg of HAp.

Example 12
Coated seeds were prepared in the same manner as in Example 11 using an aqueous suspension containing 0.5 wt% of HAp and 1 wt% of polyethylene glycol # 2000 (average molecular weight 2000) as the coating solution. For such coated seeds, the increased weight before and after the coating treatment was measured in the same manner as in Example 11, but no change in the weight was detected.

Comparative Example 5
The carrot seeds used in Examples 11 and 12 were not subjected to coating treatment, and were used as seeds of Comparative Example 5.

Test Example 5
The coated seeds prepared in Example 11, the coated seeds prepared in Example 12 and the uncoated seeds of Comparative Example 5 were kept at a temperature of 20 ° C. for 2 days and then moistened with 5 mL of ion-exchanged water ( Qualitative No. 1) Seed 25 grains each in a 9cm Petri dish containing 2 sheets, put them in a lighted thermostat (NKSystem dark room type artificial weather device (temperature / lighting type)) kept at 20 ° C, and germinate A test was conducted. During the germination test, light irradiation (three-wavelength fluorescent lamp (white light)) for 12 hours per day was performed every day. The germination results are shown in Table 5. The coated seeds prepared in Example 11 and Example 12 had shorter germination days and better germination rates.

Example 13
In a 9 cm petri dish (FALCON cell culture dish; sterilized), put 2 g of fluorinated apatite (hereinafter abbreviated as FAp. Purchased from Wako Pure Chemicals, for biomaterial research) and 5 mL of ion-exchanged water, and lettuce (variety name) : Melbourne MT (Tohoku Co., Ltd.), untreated with chemicals, refrigerated at 0 to 10 ° C.) seeds were seeded, and the side of the petri dish was placed on the side of the petri dish to prevent water evaporation during the test period. Covered with film M, FAp-treated seeds were prepared.

Comparative Example 6
Place 3 sheets of filter paper (Qualitative No. 1) in another 9 cm diameter petri dish (same as above; sterilized), add 7 mL of ion-exchanged water, sow 25 seeds of the lettuce, Covered with film M, seeds without FAp treatment were prepared.

Test Example 6
Illuminated thermostat (dark room type artificial meteorograph (manufactured by NKSystem) (temperature ··················) containing the FAp-treated seeds prepared in Example 13 and the petri dish containing the FAp-treated seeds prepared in Comparative Example 6 And then letting the lettuce seeds dormant, the temperature of the incubator was lowered to 30 ° C., and a germination test was performed (a germination test was performed when the temperature was stable at 30 ° C.). It was the start.) During the germination test, light irradiation (three-wavelength fluorescent lamp (white light)) for 12 hours per day was performed every day. The germination rate results are shown in Table 6. The FAp-treated seed prepared in Example 13 had a better germination rate.

2 is a powder X-ray diffraction profile of HAp used in Example 1. 3 is a powder X-ray diffraction profile of HAp obtained in Reference Example 1.

Claims (12)

A method for improving seed germination, which comprises treating seeds with apatites. The germination improving method according to claim 1, wherein the apatites are hydroxyapatite, halogenated apatite, or a mixture thereof. Improved germination seed characterized by being treated with apatites. The germinated improved seed according to claim 3, wherein the apatites are hydroxyapatite, halogenated apatite, or a mixture thereof. A coated seed comprising apatites in a coating layer formed on a seed surface. A coated seed obtained by coating a seed treated with apatites. The coated seed according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the apatites are hydroxyapatite, halogenated apatite, or a mixture thereof. A germination improver comprising an apatite as an active ingredient. The germination improver according to claim 8, wherein the apatites are hydroxyapatite, halogenated apatite, or a mixture thereof. An improved soil for germination characterized by containing an effective amount of apatites in the soil for germinating seeds. The germination improved culture medium according to claim 10, wherein the apatites are hydroxyapatite, halogenated apatite, or a mixture thereof. Seedling improved seed according to claim 3, coated seed according to claim 5 or coated seed according to claim 6 is sown on a floor, covered with soil and germinated.

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