JP2005076438A - Moisture-proof structure of basement - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a basement structure enabling the easy and low-cost construction of a basement, in which permeable spaces are easily provided without using a double underground structure as in the case of conventional building construction methods, waterproof layers can easily be formed, abolishing conventional troublesome work methods of covering the external frames for concrete placement with waterproof sheets and adhering joints, and moreover moisture-proof and heat insulated indoor basement spaces can be provided. <P>SOLUTION: Synthetic resin paints are sprayed to coat the external concrete wall surfaces and floor slab bottom surfaces of the basement to form there seamless waterproof layers excellent in water resistance and elongation. Permeable sheets are laid over the external waterproof layer surfaces of bottom floor slabs, permeable resin boards with a plurality of scattering protrusions are fixed to sheet piles at external concrete wall surfaces, and water collection tubes communicating with a drainage means are provided at connections between external wall surfaces and floor slab bottom surfaces. Further air vents are provided at several wall faces of the basement. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

  The present invention relates to a moisture-proof structure that eliminates moisture entering from the outer wall of the basement, further exhausts the moisture of the concrete that forms the outer wall to the outside, and enhances the heat insulation effect to keep the indoor space in a comfortable state. is there.

Since ordinary concrete has water permeability, various countermeasures against moisture from underground water and rainwater in underground structures such as basements have been conventionally performed.
In a large building, a water passage was provided with a double structure in the ground, and the water leaked from the ground was stored in the space and discharged by a pump. It was.

  When installing a basement or an underground storage in a residential house, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-280088, the outer surface of the underground housing is sealed with a waterproof sheet. A waterproof sheet was stretched on the inner surface of the outer frame and the concrete was cast. However, the sheet was damaged, and the bonding operation of the seam of the sheet was complicated.

In addition, even if the outer surface of the underground frame is moisture-proof, even after finishing the curing of the concrete and removing the frame, the moisture of the concrete itself is released from the inner wall, so it is easy for wrinkles to occur and the number of times until the room dries It took years.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-176580 discloses a method of using a moisture-proof and heat insulating wall panel in which a plastic film having an adhesive applied on both sides and a heat insulating layer formed by foaming are integrated with each other.

Problems to be solved by the invention

Unlike conventional building construction, the structure is such that the water passage space can be provided more easily without making the underground structure into a double structure.
In addition, a waterproof sheet was attached to the outer frame for placing concrete, and the seam was bonded with an adhesive to cast the concrete. However, the sheet was damaged, and the work of bonding the joint of the sheet was complicated. However, it easily forms a waterproof layer.

Furthermore, in the room, it is possible to expect the same effect as a method using a moisture-proof and heat-insulating wall panel in which a plastic film having an adhesive coated on both sides is foam-molded and a layered integrated heat-insulating layer, and can be easily constructed.
By solving the above problems, it is an object of the present invention to provide a structure that can easily and inexpensively construct a basement that is moisture-proof and insulated.

Means for solving the problem

  The moisture-proof structure of the basement according to the present invention integrally seals the outer surface of the concrete wall of the basement and the bottom surface of the floor slab with a waterproof layer, and includes a water permeable layer between the bottom surface of the waterproof layer on the bottom surface of the floor slab and the discarded concrete of the foundation, A water permeable layer or a water permeable layer is provided on the whole or part of the outer surface of the concrete wall, and drainage is provided at a contact portion between the water permeable layer of the wall outer surface or the water permeable layer and the water permeable layer on the foundation discarded concrete. Build a basement moisture-proof structure with water collecting pipes communicating with the means.

It is not the same structure over the entire circumference of the basement, and it is also possible to construct by combining both the wall surface with the water-permeable layer and the wall surface with the water-permeable layer according to the topography.
The drainage means may be a culvert or a drainage pump on level ground, and may be natural drainage on sloped land.

In the moisture-proof structure of the basement, the present invention further includes a ventilation layer communicating with ventilation means on an arbitrary inner surface of the basement, a water-permeable layer and a waterproof layer on the inner surface, and an interior wall and a floor attached to the surface of the basement Install a moisture-proof structure.
Since moisture from the concrete itself is released even after the formwork is removed, in the case of only the wall surface, the air is sucked from the gap provided between the inner wall and the floor surface, and is exhausted from the upper part of the wall to the outside.
By ventilating the floor surface and the ceiling surface in the same manner, the moisture-proofing effect in the room is further enhanced, and at the same time, the heat-insulating effect is also enhanced, thereby preventing condensation.
The air intake hole for ventilation on the floor surface or ceiling surface can be provided with an air intake hole in the substantially central portion of the floor surface or ceiling surface, and indoor air can be exhausted to the outside through the wall surface.

In addition, the present invention provides the ventilation means as described above, which is connected to the intake air from the outside of the basement provided with an electric fan or the exhaust pipe to the outside of the basement and branches into the ventilation layer of the indoor wall surface and the indoor space, and the exhaust amount to the indoor Alternatively, it is a basement moisture-proof structure that includes a mechanism for adjusting the amount of intake air from the inside, and an air filter in the intake pipe outside and inside the basement.
Since moisture from the concrete itself is released even after the formwork is removed as described above, the air is initially blown to the ventilation layer on the inner wall surface, but indoor ventilation can also be adjusted. When taking in air from outside, it is necessary to exhaust to the outside at a substantially symmetrical position in the basement.

In the moisture-proof structure of the basement, the waterproof layer is constructed by spraying a synthetic resin paint on the waterproof layer to form a moisture-proof structure of the basement formed by a seamless paint film having a high spreadability.
Conventionally, a waterproof sheet was attached to the outer frame for placing concrete, and the seam was glued with adhesive to cast concrete. However, the sheet was damaged, and the work of bonding the joint of the sheet was complicated. there were.
In the present invention, since the resin paint is sprayed and applied and the sealing is integrally performed with the seamless waterproof layer having excellent waterproof spreadability, it can be easily sealed with the complete waterproof layer.

In the moisture-proof structure of the basement, the water-permeable layer is constructed using a filter made of a synthetic resin fiber nonwoven fabric.
Since a filter made of a synthetic resin fiber non-woven fabric is attached to the floor surface or outer wall surface of a place where the amount of water immersion is small and drained from the end surface as a water permeable layer, the conventional construction work can be greatly shortened.

Further, according to the present invention, in the moisture-proof structure of the basement, the water-permeable layer and the ventilation layer are constructed with a moisture-proof structure of the basement formed of a synthetic resin molded product in which a plurality of convex portions are scattered.
Since the water flow path can be formed on the concrete wall outer surface by contacting a sheet pile with a resin plate for water flow in which a plurality of convex portions are scattered, a complicated construction in which a double frame is provided like a conventional building underground construction Therefore, a water-permeable layer can be easily formed at a low price.
In addition, the resin plate for water flow in which a plurality of convex portions are scattered selects the thickness of the resin layer according to the external pressure and the height of the convex portion according to the amount of water flow.

  Resin paint is sprayed onto the outer wall of the concrete wall of the basement and the floor of the floor slab to seal it together with a seamless waterproof layer with excellent spreadability, and synthesized between the lower surface of the waterproof layer on the floor of the floor slab and the discarded concrete of the foundation. A water permeable layer made of a nonwoven fabric of resin fibers, a water permeable layer or a water permeable layer which is a synthetic resin molded product in which a plurality of convex portions are scattered on the whole or a part of the outer surface of the concrete wall; A basement provided with a water collecting pipe communicating with the drainage means is constructed at a contact portion between the layer or the water-permeable layer and the water-permeable layer on the foundation discarded concrete.

  A mechanism for adjusting the amount of exhaust air or the amount of intake air, which is connected to an arbitrary inner surface of the basement from the outside of the basement equipped with an electric fan, or communicates with the exhaust pipe to the outside of the basement and branches into the ventilation layer of the indoor wall and the room. A breathable layer communicating with a ventilation fan equipped with an air filter at the air intake and outside of the basement, and a water-permeable layer made of synthetic resin non-woven fabric and resin paint on the inner surface of the ventilating layer. A basement with a waterproof layer that is a membrane and with an interior wall and floor mounted on its surface is constructed.

First, after excavation of the planned basement site, H steel (not shown) is driven in, and a cross section of the bottom corner of the basement is capped with a sheet pile 8 as shown in FIG. After disposing 9, cast concrete 6 is casted, and the water-permeable layer 2 of the filter made of a synthetic resin fiber non-woven fabric is fixed to the floor surface and sheet pile wall surface. A waterproof layer 1 having a seamless and rich coating film is formed.
Next, after assembling the reinforcing bars, the inner mold facing the sheet pile is attached and concrete is cast to form the concrete wall 4 and the concrete floor 5.

  As another construction method, after excavating the planned basement area once, and after earthing with the sheet pile 8 as shown in the cross-sectional explanatory view of the basement corner of the basement, in the same manner as above, on the upper part of the base ballast 7 After disposing the water collecting pipe 9, the discarded concrete 6 is cast, the water permeable layer 2 made of a synthetic resin fiber non-woven fabric is fixed on the upper surface, and the upper surface is sprayed with a resin paint. A waterproof layer 1 of a seamless coating film is formed.

Next, after the reinforcing bars are assembled, the concrete is cast by assembling the concrete casting form, and the concrete wall 4 and the concrete floor 5 are formed.
After the concrete is cured, the formwork is removed, and the waterproof layer 1 of the seamless paint film having excellent spreadability, which is coated by spraying a resin paint on the outer surface of the concrete wall 4, is integrally joined to the waterproof layer on the floor surface. After mounting the water-permeable layer 3 made of a synthetic resin molded product in which a plurality of convex portions 12 shown in FIG. 7 are scattered on the outer surface, the buried soil 10 was backfilled in the space with the sheet pile.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the basement corner has a moisture-proof structure on the outer surface of the basement, and a ventilation layer 13 communicating with the ventilation means on the inner surface of the concrete wall 4 in the basement, and a floor surface on the inner surface. An air gap 11 is provided between them and the water permeable layer 2 and the waterproof layer 1 described above are provided, and an interior wall and a floor are attached to the surface to construct a basement. The water permeable layer 2 in this case constitutes a base for mounting the waterproof layer 1. Arrows indicate air flow.

  FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional explanatory view of the bottom corner of the basement in another example. The inner surface of the concrete wall 4 in the basement is provided with a ventilation layer 13 communicating with ventilation means, and a water permeable layer 2 and a waterproof layer 1 on the inner surface. In addition, a ventilation layer 13 communicating with the ventilation means is formed on the floor surface, and a wall surface provided with the water permeable layer 2 and the waterproof layer 1 is formed on the inner surface by providing an air gap between the inner surface and the wall surface. The basement will be constructed with interior walls and floors. At this time, it is necessary to provide an intake hole at an appropriate position in the center of the floor.

  FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional explanatory view of the corner of the basement floor in another example. On the inner surface of the concrete wall 4 in the basement, an intake gap 11 is provided between the ventilation layer 13 communicating with the ventilation means and the floor. Provided with a water permeable layer 2 and a waterproof layer 1, and further provided a suction layer between the air vent layer 13 communicating with the ventilation means on the floor surface and a wall surface on the upper surface thereof. A basement is constructed by installing a wall and floor on the surface.

At this time, it is necessary to provide an air intake hole at a proper position substantially in the center of the floor surface.
The water permeable layer 2 constitutes a base for mounting the waterproof layer 1, and arrows indicate the flow of air. In this case, it is desirable to be able to adjust the intake gap 11 between the floor surface.

As an example of outdoor intake, as shown in the cross-sectional view for installation of ventilation means in FIG. 6, when the floor on the first floor is integrated with the ceiling of the basement, a through hole is provided at an appropriate position above the wall of the basement for ventilation. Wear the means.
When the basement ceiling is concrete, it is desirable to ventilate the ceiling surface with a ventilation layer as well as the wall surface. If only the basement housing is concrete and is a wooden house from the first floor, the basement ceiling will also be wooden. Therefore, the structure shown in FIG. 6 can be used.

As an example of the outdoor intake ventilation means, as shown in FIG. 6, an air filter 15, an electric fan 16, a branch hole 17, and an air volume adjustment means 18 by angle adjustment are provided.
In the case of outdoor exhaust, an air filter 15 is provided on the indoor intake side, and the electric fan 16 is rotated in the reverse direction.

The invention's effect

  Unlike conventional building construction, without having a double structure in the underground structure, as in the past, a waterproof sheet is attached to the outer frame for placing concrete, and the joint is glued with an adhesive. It is possible to easily form a waterproof layer without damaging the sheet, and the sheet is not damaged.

  Furthermore, it is easy to create a moisture-proof and heat-insulating structure that has the same effect without using a moisture-proof and heat-insulating wall panel that is integrated with a heat-insulating layer in which a plastic film with an adhesive applied on both sides is foam-molded. Can be constructed.

  Cross-sectional explanatory drawing of a basement bottom corner.   Cross-sectional explanatory drawing of another basement bottom corner.   Cross-sectional explanatory drawing of a corner surface part of a basement floor.   Cross-sectional explanatory drawing of the corner | angular part of basement floor of another example.   Cross-sectional explanatory drawing of the corner | angular part of basement floor of another example.   Sectional drawing for the attachment description of a ventilation means.   An explanatory perspective view of a water-permeable layer or a ventilation layer.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Waterproof layer 2 Water permeable layer 3 Water permeable layer 4 Concrete wall 5 Floor slab 6 Discarded concrete 7 Base ballast 8 Sheet pile 9 Drainage pipe 10 Backfill soil 11 Intake gap 12 Protruding part 13 Ventilation layer 14 Ground 15 Filter 16 Electric fan 17 Branch hole 18 Air volume adjusting means 19 Ceiling

Claims (6)

  The outer surface of the basement concrete wall and the bottom surface of the floor slab are integrally sealed with a waterproof layer. In addition, a water permeable layer or a water permeable layer is provided, and a water collecting pipe communicating with the drainage means is further provided at a contact portion between the water permeable layer on the outer surface of the wall or the water permeable layer and the water permeable layer on the foundation discarded concrete. Moisture-proof structure of the basement characterized by   2. A moisture-proof structure for a basement according to claim 1, wherein a ventilation layer communicating with ventilation means is provided on an arbitrary inner surface of the basement, a water-permeable layer and a waterproof layer are provided on the inner surface, and an interior wall and a floor are mounted on the surface. Moisture-proof structure of the basement characterized by that.   3. The moisture-proof structure of a basement according to claim 2, wherein the ventilation means branches into the ventilation layer of the indoor wall surface and the indoor by communicating with an intake air from outside the basement equipped with an electric fan or an exhaust pipe to the outside of the basement. And a moisture-proof structure for a basement, comprising a mechanism for adjusting the amount of exhaust into the room or the amount of intake from the room, and an air filter in the intake pipe outside and inside the basement.   The basement moisture-proof structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the waterproof layer is a seamless paint film having a good spreadability that is coated with a resin paint.   5. The basement moisture-proof structure according to claim 1, wherein the water permeable layer is a filter made of a synthetic resin fiber nonwoven fabric.   The basement moisture-proof structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the water-permeable layer and the vent layer are synthetic resin molded products in which a plurality of convex portions are scattered.

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