JP2005071386A - データ処理プロセス及び無期限オプション金融商品生成プログラムを記録したコンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体 - Google Patents
データ処理プロセス及び無期限オプション金融商品生成プログラムを記録したコンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】ビデオディスプレイ220を用いるユーザーが、特定の資産ならびに前記特定資産のオプションタイプ、買収価格、現行価格、過去の価格揮発性およびマージン要件を満たすデータを入力するように促される。これらのデータはまたデータソース130からも獲得されて、後で記憶媒体250に記憶される。これらのデータはアルゴリズム中で使用されて、前記無期限オプションの取引に使用されるオプションプレミアムデータを獲得する。
【選択図】図2
Description
1.技術分野
本発明は一般的には、商品市場又は証券取引市場などの様々な市場で用いられる無期限オプションを自動的に取り引きする装置とプロセスに関する。
2.先行技術の説明
「オプション」は一般には、制限された義務だけで定価で後に商品又は他の財産を購入したり販売したりする権利を提供することによってリスクを避けるために用いられる。オプションは、一般的に財産の現行価格の数パーセントのオプションプレミアムと呼ばれるプレミアムと引き替えに定価で後になって財産を購入したり販売したりできることを保証する保険契約のようなものである。証券取引市場で「コール」オプションと呼ばれる第1のタイプのオプションは、そのオプションの購入者に、「行使価格」としばしば呼ばれる保証価格で後になって特定の財産を買う権利(義務ではない)を与えるものである。証券取引市場で「プット」オプションと呼ばれる第2のタイプのオプションはそのオプションの購入者に、行使価格で後になって特定の財産を販売する権利(義務ではない)を与えるものである。(「プット」オプションは、所有者に、証券を行使価格で別の名義に「置く」権利を与えるものであると考えてもよい。)どちらの場合も、コールオプション又はプットオプションの売却者は、購入者がそのオプションを行使することを選択すれば、関連の取引を実行する義務がある。
オプションがもっとも頻繁に使用されるのは、一般に毎日のように数百万のオプションが取り引きされる証券取引市場においてである。証券取引市場では、投資家は、社内株式、債券、商品、不動産及び他の多くの資産に関連する証券に対する投資にまつわるリスクを避ける。
発明の概要
本発明の教示にしたがって、無期限オプションを取り引きする新しいコンピュータ式システムを提供する。本発明は、証券取引市場で無期限オプションを取り引きするには特に有用であるが、他の様々な資産依存型市場でも利用することができる。
発明の詳細な説明
本発明の装置とプロセスは多くのタイプのコンピュータシステム上で実現してもよいが、図1に示すようなクライアント/サーバーネットワーク100上で実現するのが望ましい。クライアント/サーバーネットワーク100は、エンドユーザーワークステーションとしても周知の複数のクライアント120に接続されているサーバー110及びトークンリング環境で走行するデータソース130を含んでいる。
ここで:c=OPT_PREM=オプションプレミアム
S=ASSET_PRICE=特定資産の現行価格
X=X_PRICE=行使価格
r=T_BILL=現行のリスク無し利率
σ=VOLATLTY=資産の揮発性と一般的に呼ばれる過去の資産価格変動の標準偏差
T=満期までの時間(期限付きオプションの場合)
別の例では、二項分布価格アルゴリズムは次の通りである:
ここで:c=OPT_PREM=オプションプレミアム
S=ASSET_PRICE=特定資産の現行価格
K=XPRICE=行使価格
r=T_BILL=現行のリスク無し利率
n=満期までの期間(時間)の数(期限付きオプションの場合)
P=(r-d)/(u-d)
u=基礎資産の価格の上方変動の最小価値(例えば、ほとんどの株券では1/8ドル)
d=基礎資産の価格の下方変動の最小価格(ほとんどの先物又は商品では0.0001ドル)
注)uとdは一般には取引所によって確立されて、必要に応じて、記憶媒体に記憶させてアクセスできるようにしたり単にシステムに入力するようにしてもよい。
満期ま 期限付きオプシ 無期限オプシ 証拠金率
での時間 ョンプレミアム ョンプレミアム
6ヶ月 2.15 9.29 12.5
1年 4.59 9.29 12.5
18ヶ月 6.65 9.29 12.5
2年 8.56 9.29 12.5
3年 11.87 9.29 12.5
5年 16.63 9.29 12.5
10年 27.04 9.29 12.5
第2の例では、投資家から行使価格40ドルのプットオプションが要求されているものと仮定されている。
満期ま 期限付きオプシ 無期限オプシ 証拠金率
での時間 ョンプレミアム ョンプレミアム
6ヶ月 0.85 6.91 12.5
1年 1.78 6.91 12.5
18ヶ月 2.45 6.91 12.5
2年 2.96 6.91 12.5
3年 3.66 6.91 12.5
5年 4.29 6.91 12.5
10年 4.45 6.91 12.5
上記は本発明のある好ましい実施形態である。本発明を説明するために構成要素または方法論の考えられ得るあらゆる合成を述べることはもちろん不可能であるが、本発明に対して多くのさらなる合成と組み合わせが可能であることが当業者には認識されよう。例えば、無期限オプションを、現在用いられている期限付きオプションの合成や組み合わせを構築する際に使用し得る。これらには:アジアン(Asian)、すなわち平均価格/率とストライクオプション;バリヤ(Barrier)、すなわちリベート有りまたは無しのノックアウトまたはノックイン;バイナリ(Binary)、これはバイナリバリヤ(binary barrier)、オールオアナン(all-or-none)およびギャップ(gap)を含むもの;チューザ(Chooser)、すなわち将来プット又はコールを選択するオブション;合成(Compound)、すなわちオプションのそのまたオプション:クラック/スプレッド(Crack/Spread)、すなわち2つの資産の価格間の隔たりに関するオプション;変換通貨(Currency Translated)、すなわち別の通貨に変換された外国取引市場のオプション;ジャンプ(Jump)、すなわちジャンプ−拡散プロセスを用いた値付け;ルックバック(Lookback)、すなわちある期間内での最小価格又は最大価格に関するオプション;虹(Rainbow)、すなわち2つの資産の最小値と最大値に関するオプション;2つ以上の証書から成る元金と利息または価格と配当に分割された米国またはそれ以外の国の「剥奪された(stripped)」政府発行証券に関するオプションおよび、剥奪された企業、代理者および市の証券、券、手形および預金照明に関する同様のオプション;コール可能商品(Callables)に関するオプション;またはプレミアム付きもしくは割引付きでコール可能な証券;ならびにOdd-First、Odd-LastおよびOdd-Middleまたはクーポン/配当期間が変化する証券に関するオプション;が含まれる。明らかにこれらのオプションだけに限られるわけではなく、このリストは無期限米国オプションの広範囲にわたる適用の一例にすぎない。また、本発明を、実質的には、証券取引市場におけるマージン市況の証拠金率を利用する点について述べたが、他の市場証拠金率(例えば不動産市場における手付け金)の等価物を利用してもよい。さらに、本発明の好ましい実施形態は、基本セキュリティの証拠金率が長短両方の位置に等しいことを仮定することを記載しているけれども、これはその場合に必要ではない。具体的には、マージン市況要件が異なる場合でさえも、本発明を用いて、無期限プットオプションを購入し無期限コールオプションを売却するための短期市況証拠金率を用いる同時に、無期限コールオプションを購入し無期限プットオプションを売却するための長期市況証拠金率を用いて各個別の市況を含む無期限オプションプレミアムを判断できることが当業者には明らかであろう。このような考えられる修正例を以下の添付クレームによって記載される発明の範囲内に含むことを意図するものである。
Claims (6)
- (A)特定の資産を表すデータを第1の信号として受信手段が受信するステップと、
(B)前記特定の資産を表すデータを記憶手段が記憶するステップと、
(C)期限付きオプションプレミアムアルゴリズムのオプションタイプを表すデータを第2の信号として前記受信手段が受信するステップと、
(D)前記オプションタイプを表すデータを前記記憶手段が記憶するステップと、
(E)前記特定の資産の行使価格を表すデータを第3の信号として前記受信手段が受信するステップと、
(F)前記行使価格を表すデータを前記記憶手段が記憶するステップと、
(G)前記特定の資産の現行価格、現行のリスク無し利率、前記特定の資産の過去の価格揮発性、及び前記特定の資産の償却日付を表すデータを第4の信号として前記受信手段が受信するステップと、
(H)前記現行価格、前記現行のリスク無し利率、前記過去の価格揮発性及び前記償却日付を表すデータを前記記憶手段が記憶するステップと、
(I)前記受信手段において受信した前記第1、第2、第3及び第4の信号に反応して、
(i)前記期限付きオプションプレミアムアルゴリズムの特定資産に対応する資産変数、該特定の資産の行使価格に対応する行使価格変数、該特定の資産の現行価格に対応する現行価格変数、現行のリスク無し利率に対応する利率変数、該特定の資産の過去の価格揮発性に対応するボラティリティ変数及び該特定の資産の償却日付に対応する時間変数に、前記第1の信号として受信した前記特定の資産を表すデータの値、前記第3の信号として受信した前記行使価格を表すデータの値、及び前記第4の信号として受信した前記現行価格、前記現行のリスク無し利率、前記過去の価格揮発性及び前記償却日付を表すデータの値をそれぞれ設定し、
(ii)前記資産変数、前記行使価格変数、前記現行価格変数、前記利率変数、前記ボラティリティ変数、及び時間変数を用いて、前記期限付きオプションプレミアムアルゴリズムのオプションプレミアムを算出し、算出した該オプションプレミアムを前記特定の資産に関する無期限オプションのオプションプレミアムの値として設定することにより無期限オプションプレミアムを生成するステップ
とを含むことを特徴とするデータ処理プロセス。 - 前記第2の信号は、プット又はコールから成るグループの中から選択されたオプションタイプのデータを表すことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のデータ処理プロセス。
- 前記オプションプレミアムを表すデータを記憶手段が記憶媒体に記録するステップをさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のデータ処理プロセス。
- 前記オプションプレミアムを表すデータを出力手段が出力するステップをさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のデータ処理プロセス。
- 前記第4の信号は、さらに償却変動幅のパーセンテージに関するデータを表し、
前記受信手段が受信した前記オプションタイプがコールであれば、ステップ(H)ではサブステップ(iii)に先だって、コールオプションの現行価格変数を(前記パーセンテージデータ+1)と前記現行価格変数とを乗算した値に設定するステップを更に含み、
前記オプションタイプがプットであれば、プットオプションの現行価格変数を(1−前記パーセンテージデータ)と前記現行価格変数とを乗算した値に設定するステップを更に含む
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載のデータ処理プロセス。 - (A)特定の資産を表すデータを第1の信号として受信手段が受信するステップと、
(B)前記特定の資産を表すデータを記憶手段が記憶するステップと、
(C)期限付きオプションプレミアムアルゴリズムのオプションタイプを表すデータを第2の信号として前記受信手段が受信するステップと、
(D)前記オプションタイプを表すデータを前記記憶手段が記憶するステップと、
(E)前記特定の資産の行使価格を表すデータを第3の信号として前記受信手段が受信するステップと、
(F)前記行使価格を表すデータを前記記憶手段が記憶するステップと、
(G)前記特定の資産の現行価格、現行のリスク無し利率、前記特定の資産の過去の価格揮発性、及び前記特定の資産の償却日付を表すデータを第4の信号として前記受信手段が受信するステップと、
(H)前記現行価格、前記現行のリスク無し利率、前記過去の価格揮発性及び前記償却日付を表すデータを前記記憶手段が記憶するステップと、
(I)前記受信手段において受信した前記第1、第2、第3及び第4の信号に反応して、
(i)前記期限付きオプションプレミアムアルゴリズムの特定資産に対応する資産変数、該特定の資産の行使価格に対応する行使価格変数、該特定の資産の現行価格に対応する現行価格変数、現行のリスク無し利率に対応する利率変数、該特定の資産の過去の価格揮発性に対応するボラティリティ変数及び該特定の資産の償却日付に対応する時間変数に、前記第1の信号として受信した前記特定の資産を表すデータの値、前記第3の信号として受信した前記行使価格を表すデータの値、及び前記第4の信号として受信した前記現行価格、前記現行のリスク無し利率、前記過去の価格揮発性及び前記償却日付を表すデータの値をそれぞれ設定し、
(ii)前記資産変数、前記行使価格変数、前記現行価格変数、前記利率変数、前記ボラティリティ変数、及び時間変数を用いて、前記期限付きオプションプレミアムアルゴリズムのオプションプレミアムを算出し、算出した該オプションプレミアムを前記特定の資産に関する無期限オプションのオプションプレミアムの値として設定することにより無期限オプションプレミアムを生成するステップ
とを含む無期限オプション金融商品生成プログラムを記録したコンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体。
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US08/718,630 US5884286A (en) | 1994-07-29 | 1996-09-17 | Apparatus and process for executing an expirationless option transaction |
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JP10514868A Division JP2000507730A (ja) | 1996-09-17 | 1997-09-17 | 無期限オプションを取り引きする装置とプロセス |
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JP2005071386A true JP2005071386A (ja) | 2005-03-17 |
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JP2004306114A Pending JP2005071386A (ja) | 1996-09-17 | 2004-10-20 | データ処理プロセス及び無期限オプション金融商品生成プログラムを記録したコンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体 |
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US (1) | US5884286A (ja) |
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KR (1) | KR100654416B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1232568A (ja) |
AU (1) | AU715495B2 (ja) |
BR (1) | BR9712053A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2265963A1 (ja) |
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-
1996
- 1996-09-17 US US08/718,630 patent/US5884286A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-09-17 AU AU43547/97A patent/AU715495B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-09-17 NZ NZ334669A patent/NZ334669A/xx unknown
- 1997-09-17 CN CN97198019A patent/CN1232568A/zh active Pending
- 1997-09-17 RU RU99108465/09A patent/RU2176817C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-09-17 JP JP10514868A patent/JP2000507730A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-09-17 BR BR9712053A patent/BR9712053A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-09-17 EP EP97941688A patent/EP1015996A4/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-09-17 WO PCT/US1997/016560 patent/WO1998012658A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-09-17 KR KR1019997002221A patent/KR100654416B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-09-17 CA CA002265963A patent/CA2265963A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2004
- 2004-10-20 JP JP2004306114A patent/JP2005071386A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
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NZ334669A (en) | 2000-11-24 |
EP1015996A4 (en) | 2004-12-15 |
AU4354797A (en) | 1998-04-14 |
JP2000507730A (ja) | 2000-06-20 |
KR20000036169A (ko) | 2000-06-26 |
AU715495B2 (en) | 2000-02-03 |
BR9712053A (pt) | 1999-08-24 |
EP1015996A1 (en) | 2000-07-05 |
RU2176817C2 (ru) | 2001-12-10 |
WO1998012658A1 (en) | 1998-03-26 |
US5884286A (en) | 1999-03-16 |
KR100654416B1 (ko) | 2006-12-05 |
CN1232568A (zh) | 1999-10-20 |
CA2265963A1 (en) | 1998-03-26 |
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