JP2005066423A - Pyrolysis residue separator - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a pyrolysis residue separator which, though is an apparatus easily maintainable and simple in structure, can efficiently separate a pyrolysis residue into a combustible component and an incombustible component. <P>SOLUTION: The pyrolysis residue separator comprises a grinder 20 that grinds the pyrolysis residue, a dry classifier 30 that separates the ground product obtained by grinding with the grinder 20 into the combustible component and the incombustible component by means of gravitational classification, centrifugal classification, inertial classification, or a combination thereof. It is desirable that the dry classifier 30 is a zigzag classifier. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a thermal decomposition residue separation apparatus that separates a thermal decomposition residue obtained by pyrolyzing waste or the like into a combustible component and an incombustible component.

  Conventionally, as this type of apparatus, waste is heated and pyrolyzed to generate a pyrolysis gas and a pyrolysis residue mainly composed of nonvolatile components, and a pyrolysis reactor discharged from the pyrolysis reactor. A separation device for separating the dry distillation gas and the pyrolysis residue, a separation device for separating the pyrolysis residue discharged from the discharge device into a combustible component and a non-combustible component, and the combustible component. There is known a waste treatment apparatus including a pulverizer for pulverization, and a combustor for combusting the dry distillation gas and the pulverized combustible component, and the separation apparatus includes a first sorter including a sieve sorter. A separator and a second separator composed of a specific gravity difference sorter have been used (see, for example, Patent Document 1). In this apparatus, the pyrolysis residue discharged from the pyrolysis reactor is first separated into a combustible component and an incombustible component by a separator, and then the combustible component is pulverized by a pulverizer. Yes.

  Further, among the pyrolysis residues obtained by pyrolyzing waste in the pyrolysis reactor, a storage container that receives and stores a thermal decomposition residue of a predetermined size, and a gas blowing means that blows gas into the storage container And receiving the granular or massive hard body and the pyrolysis residue of the predetermined size in the storage container, and blowing the gas into the storage container by the gas blowing means, and the pyrolysis by the gas There is known a pyrolysis residue sorting device that peels attached carbon residue from the pyrolysis residue by stirring the residue and a hard body (for example, see Patent Document 2). Also in this apparatus, the pyrolysis residue is first separated into the combustible component and the non-combustible component by the pyrolysis residue sorting device, and then the combustible component is pulverized by a pulverizer provided at the subsequent stage.

  Furthermore, in a state in which sand and pyrolysis residue are contained in the storage container, air is blown up from the lower part, and the pyrolysis residue and sand are mixed by air to separate the attached carbon residue from the pyrolysis residue. A method using a fluidized bed type separation apparatus is also known (see, for example, Patent Document 3).

  However, since the combustible component in the pyrolysis residue includes carbonized cloth and the like, if separation or sorting is performed before pulverization as described above, the carbonized cloth is caught by valuable substances (magnetic material, aluminum, etc.). Since separation was difficult, there was a problem that the recovery purity was lowered. Therefore, in the conventional apparatus, it is necessary to configure the separators for separating the combustible components in multiple stages, and there is a problem that the facilities are complicated.

In addition, the method using a sieve sorter has a drawback that the screen is easily clogged and the maintenance becomes complicated. In the fluidized bed type separation device, the use of sand makes the device large, and since air is used as a dispersed floating medium, there is a risk that combustible components in the pyrolysis residue may burn during the separation process. there were.
JP 9-236223 A JP 2001-82728 A JP 2002-219417 A

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a thermal decomposition residue separation apparatus that can efficiently separate a combustible component and an incombustible component from a thermal decomposition residue with a simple apparatus configuration that is easy to maintain. is there.

  The above object can be achieved by the present invention as described below.

  That is, the thermal decomposition residue separation apparatus of the present invention includes a pulverizer that pulverizes the thermal decomposition residue, and a pulverized product pulverized by the pulverizer by gravity classification, centrifugal classification, inertia classification, or a combination classification thereof. And a dry classifier that separates into combustible components. Here, the pulverization of the pyrolysis residue is preferably performed until the particle size of the pulverized product is 1 mm or less.

  According to the present invention, the pyrolysis residue is previously pulverized by a pulverizer and then separated, so that the carbonized cloth can be easily separated without being caught by a valuable material, and the combustible component and non-combustibility are efficiently obtained by a dry classifier. The components can be separated. At that time, since the dry classifier performs classification by gravity classification, centrifugal classification, inertia classification, or composite classification thereof, there is no clogging of the sieve and the maintenance of the apparatus becomes easy.

  In the above, it is preferable that the dry classifier is a zigzag classifier that is a combined classification of gravity classification and inertia classification. According to the zigzag classifier, since the upward flow path is zigzag, particle dispersion due to inertial collision and turbulence of the airflow and classification by the upward flow are repeated, so that sharp classification with a specific particle size becomes possible . Also, the device structure is simple and there are almost no maintenance problems.

  Moreover, it is preferable to provide a circulation flow path for circulating an inert gas as a dispersion floating medium of the dry classifier. Since the combustible component is contained in the pulverized product to be separated, the risk of combustion or explosion can be avoided by using an inert gas. Moreover, gas cost can be suppressed by providing the circulation flow path which circulates inert gas.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example of the thermal decomposition residue separation apparatus of the present invention together with incidental equipment.

  That is, FIG. 1 shows a pyrolysis apparatus 10, a pulverizer 20, a dry classifier 30, a valuables sorter 44, a classification cyclone 51 as a secondary separation apparatus, and a classification bug as apparatuses constituting a waste treatment plant. A filter 52, a carbon storage tank 62, and the like are shown. Such a pyrolysis gasification and melting plant further includes a pretreatment facility, a high-temperature combustion melting facility, a boiler power generation facility, an exhaust gas treatment facility, and the like (all not shown). As a result, carbon (combustible components) is recovered from waste (general waste such as household waste and industrial waste such as car shredder dust and electrical appliances) while recovering valuable materials such as iron and aluminum in a form that can be easily reused. ) Can be recovered and burned, the thermal efficiency and power generation efficiency are high, and NOx and dioxin can be reduced.

  In such a pyrolysis gasification and melting plant, first, the waste stored in the waste pit is crushed to approximately 150 mm square or less by a crusher by a pretreatment facility, and the crushed waste is pyrolyzed by a conveying device or the like. Send to 10. The thermal decomposition apparatus 10 conveys and supplies the waste into the thermal decomposition drum 11 by a screw feeder, and the thermal decomposition gas and the thermal decomposition residue at 450 to 480 ° C. in an oxygen-free or low-oxygen atmosphere in the thermal decomposition drum 11. Thermally decomposes. The pyrolysis residue is discharged from the lower outlet of the pyrolysis residue discharge unit 12.

  The discharged thermal decomposition residue is introduced into the receiving port of the screw feeder 13 having a cooling function. In the screw feeder 13, cooling can be performed by supplying cooling water from an inlet 13 a and a casing 13 b of a water channel provided in the screw shaft and discharging from the outlets 13 c and 13 d while conveying the pyrolysis residue. . The cooling is preferably performed by cooling the thermal decomposition residue in a nitrogen atmosphere to a temperature at which ignition or the like does not occur (about 80 ° C.). In addition, you may perform such conveyance and cooling with a separate apparatus.

  The pyrolysis residue that is cooled and conveyed and supplied to the inlet 21 of the pulverizer 20 has a particle size of about 3 to 150 mm, and generally contains carbon components such as carbonized cloth and charcoal, and valuable materials such as iron and aluminum. include. In the illustrated facility, an inlet 21 b from another thermal decomposition apparatus 10 is provided as the inlet 21 of the pulverizer 20. Moreover, in order to set it as inert gas atmosphere, the nitrogen gas introduction line 21a is provided.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the thermal decomposition residue separation apparatus of the present invention includes a pulverizer 20 for pulverizing the thermal decomposition residue. The pulverizer 20 may be of any type, type, capacity, etc., as long as it can pulverize the carbon component in the introduced pyrolysis residue to a particle size of 1 mm or less.

  Specifically, in addition to roller mills, rolling rod mills, vibratory rod mills, high-speed rotary mills, high-speed rotary mills with built-in classifiers, rolling ball mills, vibratory ball mills, planetary ball mills, centrifugal flow, etc. Container-driven media mill such as chemical mill, tower mill, stirred tank mill, flow tank mill, medium stirred mill such as annular mill, airflow type mill such as jet mizer, jet mill, counter jet mill, high speed centrifugal roller mill And a consolidation shear mill such as an ang mill.

  In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, a pyrolysis residue introduction port 21, a horizontally installed cylindrical portion 22, a plurality of rods 27 that move by vibrations therein, and a pulverized product discharge port 23 are provided. The example which uses the vibration rod type crusher 20 provided is shown. The pulverizer 20 does not have a screen, and is excellent in maintainability.

  The pulverized material discharged from the discharge port 23 of the pulverizer 20 is sent to the bucket conveyor 24 side. The bucket conveyor 24 moves a plurality of buckets forward and backward along the transport path, and is provided with a nitrogen gas introduction line 25 in order to make the transport path airtight and an inert gas atmosphere.

  The pulverized material conveyed by the bucket conveyor 24 is introduced into the middle of the screw feeder 26 having a sealing function. By having this sealing function, the backflow of the airflow from the dry classifier such as the zigzag classifier 30 to the bucket conveyor 24 side can be prevented. Further, by supplying a fixed amount of the thermal decomposition residue to the zigzag classifier 30 by the screw feeder 26, the classification can be stabilized. The screw conveyor 26 has a structure capable of conveying the pulverized material to both sides of the forward outlet 26a and the reverse outlet 26b depending on the screw rotation direction.

  Normally, the screw is rotated forward, the pulverized material is discharged from the discharge port 26 a during normal rotation, and supplied to the zigzag classifier 30. The reverse discharge port 26b is connected to the foreign material bunker 42 via the bypass chute 41, and is discharged from the reverse discharge port 26b in the event of an emergency such as a long-time power failure.

  The thermal decomposition residue separation apparatus of the present invention includes a dry classifier that separates the pulverized product pulverized by the pulverizer 20 into a combustible component and an incombustible component by gravity classification, centrifugal classification, inertia classification, or a composite classification thereof. . In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, an example is shown in which a zigzag classifier 30 that is a combined classification of gravity classification and inertia classification is used.

  The zigzag classifier 30 is provided with an inlet 31 for the pulverized product, an air outlet 32 provided near the pulverized product, and a branching position between them. The zigzag classifier 30 drops the pulverized product while the airflow rises. A flow path 33, a falling object discharge port 35 provided at the lower end thereof, and an air flow introduction port 34 serving as a medium are provided. In this zigzag classifier 30, since the upward flow path is zigzag, pulverized material dispersion due to inertial collision and turbulence of the air flow and classification by the upward flow are repeated, so that sharp classification with a specific particle size is possible. Thus, the combustible component and the non-combustible component can be separated efficiently and with high purity as an exhausted airflow or fallen matter. Some zigzag classifiers 30 have a plurality of zigzag flow paths 33 arranged side by side, which is effective when the amount of processing is large.

  Non-combustible components that are falling objects are discharged from the discharge port 35 and supplied to the valuable material sorter 44. The valuable material sorter 44 sorts iron or the like in the non-combustible component by the magnetic separation mechanism 44a and sends it to the magnetic separation yard 44b, and sorts the aluminum in the non-combustible component by the aluminum sorting mechanism 44c into the aluminum yard 44d. It is configured to send. The magnetic separation mechanism 44a and the aluminum selection mechanism 44c may be configured as separate devices.

  Other components in the non-combustible component are sent to the foreign material bunker 42 through the conveyance path 44e. In addition, a manual gate 35a is provided below the discharge port 35 of the zigzag classifier 30, and is connected to the foreign material bunker 42 through the bypass chute 35b from there, and the magnetic separation mechanism 44a or the aluminum selection mechanism 44c is broken. The manual gate 35a is discharged at the time of the above. The foreign material bunker 42 is connected to the dust collector 43, and the inside of the foreign material bunker 42 is always kept at a negative pressure by the dust collector 43.

  On the other hand, in this embodiment, an example is shown in which a circulation channel CL for circulating and using nitrogen gas, which is an inert gas, is used as the air flow (dispersed floating medium) of the zigzag classifier 30 that is a dry classifier. Yes.

  The circulation flow path CL includes a classification cyclone 51 connected to the flow path 36 from the discharge port 32 of the zigzag classifier 30, a classification bag filter 52 connected to the flow path 37 from the airflow discharge portion 51a, and A blower fan 55a connected to the flow path 38 from the transmission side outlet 52b via a damper 55b and a flow path 39 on the downstream side thereof are provided. In this way, by collecting the carbon with the classification cyclone 51 and the classification bag filter 52, it is possible to efficiently collect the carbon while shortening the backwash cycle of the classification bag filter 52. The damper 55b is used when adjusting the flow rate of the circulation channel CL.

  The flow path 39 of the circulation path CL is provided with a branch path 58 having a damper 58a for opening to the atmosphere, and the pressure of the flow path 38 is detected by a pressure indicating controller (PIC) 57, so that the circulation path The opening degree of the damper 58a is controlled so that the pressure of CL becomes constant.

  The flow path 39 of the circulation path CL is provided with a nitrogen gas introduction line 59 having an on / off valve 59a in order to make the circulation path an inert gas atmosphere. Further, the flow path 38 is provided with a sensor unit including a carbon monoxide concentration controller 53 and an oxygen concentration controller 54. The flow rate adjusting valve 59a is controlled by the operation signals from the carbon monoxide concentration controller 53 and the oxygen concentration controller 54 so that the concentration of oxygen or carbon monoxide becomes a set value or less.

  In the classification cyclone 51, carbon having a relatively large particle size (combustible component) and aluminum foil are separated downward and discharged from the discharge port 51b, while the airflow discharge portion 51a has an airflow containing relatively small particle size carbon. Is discharged.

  In the classification bag filter 52, carbon in the airflow is separated, and the airflow that has passed through the filter is discharged from the permeate side outlet 52b. The classification bag filter 52 is provided with a nitrogen introduction part 52a for applying a backwashing pulse, and the carbon trapped in the filter is dropped by the backwashing pulse and discharged by a screw conveyor 52c provided in the lower part.

  The carbon separated and discharged by the classification cyclone 51 and the classification bag filter 52 is conveyed to the carbon storage tank 62 by a conveyance mechanism such as a pipe conveyor 61. A nitrogen gas introduction line 63 is also provided for the carbon storage tank 62 in order to create an inert gas atmosphere.

  The pipe conveyor 61 is a type of conveyor in which an endless chain having circular blades with a constant interval is passed through a sealed pipe-shaped casing, and the chain is driven to convey the object while pushing the object with the blade. It has excellent features such as closed transport, curved transport, inclined transport, and anti-falling transport. For the purpose of preventing wear and accumulation due to carbon, it is preferable to arrange the classification cyclone 51 and the like in the vicinity of the zigzag classifier 30 to shorten the flow path 36 of the circulation flow path CL as much as possible, but a pipe conveyor 61 is used. As a result, the curve transportation becomes possible and the flow path 36 can be shortened.

  The carbon stored in the carbon storage tank 62 is sent to a high-temperature combustion melting furnace (not shown) in a state of being mixed with the airflow using the airflow generation device 64. In a high-temperature combustion melting furnace, pyrolysis gas, carbon, and dust collection dust (dust from a boiler and a dust collector) are blown from the furnace top side, and these are swirled and combusted. Incineration ash and dust collection dust are melted and discharged continuously from the bottom of the furnace.

[Other Embodiments]
(1) In the above-described embodiment, an example in which a zigzag classifier that is a combined classification of gravity classification and inertia classification is used as a dry classifier has been shown. As long as it is a dry classifier that can be separated by classification or its combined classification, any type or structure may be used. Among them, those that can be classified by the flow of airflow without providing a drive mechanism are preferable.

  For example, as shown in FIGS. 2A to 2B, a gravity classifier that performs separation by gravity classification without using a drive mechanism can be used. A horizontal gravity classifier 70 shown in FIG. 2 (a) has a body portion 73 for circulating an air flow in a lateral direction, an air flow introduction port 74 provided on the upstream side, and an air flow discharge port 72 provided on the downstream side. And a pulverized material introduction port 71 provided above the upstream side of the body portion 73 and a fallen material discharge port 75 provided below the body portion 73.

  A vertical gravity classifier 80 shown in FIG. 2B includes a straight pipe flow path 83 for dropping the pulverized product while the air flow is rising, an inlet 81 for the pulverized product provided in the middle thereof, and a straight pipe flow path. An airflow outlet 82 provided at the upper end of 83, a fallen object outlet 85 provided at the lower end of the straight pipe channel 83, and a fallen substance outlet 85 at the lower end of the straight pipe channel 83. And an introduction port 84 for introducing an airflow as a medium.

  (2) Further, for example, a centrifugal classifier (cyclonic classifier) that performs separation by centrifugal classification without a drive mechanism as shown in FIGS. 3A to 3B can be used. The cyclone classifier 90 includes a barrel portion 93 that drops the pulverized product while the airflow swirls, an introduction portion 94 that blows an airflow as a medium in a tangential direction at the upper portion of the barrel portion 93, and a pulverized product with respect to the introduction portion 94. Supply port 91, an airflow discharge port 92 provided at the upper end of the trunk portion 93, and a fallen matter discharge port 95 provided at the lower end of the barrel portion 93. Even when the cyclone classifier 90 is used, the pulverized product can be separated into combustible components and non-combustible components by centrifugal classification.

  As the dry classifier of the present invention, any of centrifugal classifiers having a rotational drive mechanism, inertia classifiers such as a louver classifier and an elbow jet classifier can be used.

  (3) In the above-described embodiment, an example in which a screw feeder having a sealing function is provided immediately upstream of the dry classifier has been described. However, a vibration feeder or the like can be used as a feeder having a sealing function. Further, by using a rotary valve, a double damper or the like, the pulverized product can be supplied to the dry classifier while maintaining the sealing function.

  (4) In the above-described embodiment, the example in which the pyrolysis residue is cooled before the pyrolysis residue is supplied to the pulverizer has been described. However, the pulverizer is provided with a cooling mechanism, and pulverization and cooling are performed in the same apparatus. Also good. Moreover, you may provide a cooler in the back | latter stage of a grinder.

  (5) In the above-described embodiment, an example in which carbon is recovered from the airflow discharged from the dry classifier by the classification cyclone and the classification bag filter is shown. However, in the present invention, other classifications are used instead of the classification cyclone. It is also possible to use a machine or omit the classification cyclone. As another classifier, the same one as the dry classifier of the present invention can be used.

  (6) In the above-described embodiment, an example in which iron and aluminum are selectively collected has been shown. However, in the present invention, copper and other metals may be collected.

The schematic block diagram which shows an example of the thermal decomposition residue separation apparatus of this invention with incidental equipment The schematic block diagram which shows the principal part of the other example of the thermal decomposition residue separation apparatus of this invention It is a figure which shows the principal part of the other example of the thermal decomposition residue separation apparatus of this invention, (a) is a top view, (b) is a front view

Explanation of symbols

10 Pyrolysis device 20 Crusher 30 Zigzag classifier (dry classifier)
CL circulation flow path

Claims (3)

A pulverizer for pulverizing the pyrolysis residue, and a dry classifier for separating the pulverized product pulverized by the pulverizer into a combustible component and an incombustible component by gravity classification, centrifugal classification, inertia classification, or a composite classification thereof. Pyrolysis residue separation device provided. The pyrolysis residue separator according to claim 1, wherein the dry classifier is a zigzag classifier that is a combined classification of gravity classification and inertia classification. The thermal decomposition residue separation apparatus of Claim 1 or 2 provided with the circulation flow path which circulates an inert gas as a dispersion | distribution floating medium of the said dry classifier.

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