JP3969845B2 - Pyrolysis residue separation method in waste treatment equipment - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for separating pyrolysis residue in a waste treatment apparatus, more specifically, heating and decomposing waste to produce pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis residue mainly composed of nonvolatile components. The present invention relates to a pyrolysis residue separation method in a waste treatment apparatus in which a residue is separated into a combustible component and a non-combustible component, and the combustible component and the dry distillation gas are combusted.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As one of the processing equipment for industrial waste including municipal waste and other general waste and combustible waste such as plastic, waste is supplied to the pyrolysis reactor and heated under atmospheric pressure (low oxygen atmosphere) Pyrolysis produces a pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis residue mainly composed of non-volatile components, and further supplies the pyrolysis residue to a separation device so that a combustible component mainly composed of carbon and, for example, metal, ceramics, gravel, etc. It is separated into non-combustible components such as rubble such as concrete pieces, the combustible components and dry distillation gas are supplied to a combustion melting furnace and burned, and the resulting combustion ash is made into molten slag. Waste disposal devices that discharge and solidify by cooling have been proposed and implemented.
[0003]
In such a waste treatment apparatus, a sieving device is used as means for separating the pyrolysis residue into combustible components and non-combustible components.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, there is a problem that several kinds of equipment are required in the method for separating pyrolysis residues in the waste treatment apparatus. In other words, the pyrolysis residue produced by pyrolysis in such a waste treatment apparatus contains a mixture of combustible components mainly composed of carbon and non-combustible components of metals and debris, but the sizes are various. It is.
[0005]
And in order to improve the combustion efficiency and slag conversion rate in the combustion melting furnace while arranging the sieve devices with different meshes in multiple stages to separate and recover the combustible components from the pyrolysis residue having such properties For example, a pulverizer for pulverizing the combustible component into fine powder of 1 mm or less must be arranged, and as a result, several kinds of equipment are required.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention has been made to solve the conventional problems as described above, and heats and decomposes waste to produce dry distillation gas and pyrolysis residue mainly composed of non-volatile components. A pyrolysis reactor, a discharge device that separates the dry distillation gas and the pyrolysis residue discharged from the pyrolysis reactor, a pyrolysis residue discharged from the discharge device and a non-combustible component In a waste treatment apparatus comprising a separation device that separates into volatile components, and a combustion melting furnace that melts combustion ash generated by burning the dry distillation gas and the flammable components, pyrolysis discharged from the discharge device The residue is supplied to a cooler and cooled to a temperature at which there is no fear of oxidation. Then, the residue is supplied to a fluidized bed device as a separation device, and the combustibility in the pyrolysis residue is obtained by fluidizing the bed material. Grind ingredients and apply to non-combustible ingredients The combustible components that have been peeled and pulverized, and combusted components refined by pulverization are entrained in the fluidized gas of the fluidized bed apparatus, led to a collector, separated and recovered, and separated and recovered by the collector The combustible component is stored in the hopper and then supplied to the combustion melting furnace, while the non-combustible component is supplied to the separator together with the bed material to separate the bed material and the non-combustible component and separated by the separator. The non-combustible component is supplied to a metal sorter and separated into a metallic component and a non-metallic component, and a non-metallic component and a partially mixed lump when collected by the collector A combustible component is pulverized with a pulverizer and supplied to the combustion melting furnace together with the combustible component .
[0007]
In such a waste treatment device, the pyrolysis residue discharged from the discharge device is supplied to the fluidized bed device, and in this device the fine combustible components in the pyrolysis residue fluidize the bed material. The combustible component having a relatively large diameter is refined by the crushing action of the flowing bed material, and is then discharged along with the gas. Further, the combustible powder component adhering to the incombustible component is also peeled off by the flowing bed material and discharged together with the gas in the same manner as described above.
[0008]
By configuring the separation device with a fluidized bed device as described above, the pyrolysis residue is treated with an excellent separation action and separated according to the size, and the combustible component having a relatively large particle size is It is pulverized in the fluidized bed and has a small particle size that can be accompanied by the fluidized gas.
In addition, the combustible powder component discharged with the fluidized gas is directly introduced into the combustion melting furnace, or separated and collected by a collector such as a bag filter and stored in a hopper or the like. It is supplied to the combustion melting furnace and burned.
[0009]
On the other hand, the pyrolysis residue (non-combustible component) from which the combustible powder component has been separated in the fluidized bed apparatus is discharged together with the bed material, and the bed material and this non-combustible component are separated in the separator. . This non-combustible component is supplied to a metal sorter and separated into metallic components such as iron and aluminum and non-metallic components such as rubble such as ceramics, gravel and concrete pieces. After being pulverized, it is preferably supplied to a combustion melting furnace to be made into molten slag.
[0010]
As fluidizing gas for flowing the bed material of the fluidized bed apparatus, air or a low oxygen fluid such as an inert gas is used.
If the bed material is caused to flow using this low oxygen fluid, a cooling action can be obtained in this fluidized bed apparatus. That is, since the pyrolysis residue discharged from the discharge device has a high temperature of about 450 ° C., it is oxidized when it is flowed with air having a normal oxygen concentration. Therefore, after cooling to a temperature at which there is no fear of oxidation with a cooler, it is supplied to the fluidized bed apparatus. By fluidizing the fluidized bed in a low oxygen atmosphere, the pyrolysis residue is fluidized at a high temperature. It can be fed into the bed apparatus and cooled here. Of course, in this case, the bed material separated by the separator is preferably cooled by the cooler and then supplied to the fluidized bed apparatus.
[0011]
In the present invention, the fluidized bed apparatus constituting the separation apparatus includes a cylindrical main body used for a fluidized bed type combustion apparatus, a number of nozzles disposed below the main body, and heat from a conveyor or the like provided in an intermediate portion of the main body. It is composed of a cracking residue supply device, and a fluidizing gas is ejected from this nozzle to give a stirring / pulverizing action to the pyrolysis residue while fluidizing the bed material housed in the lower part of the main body. The separation action is given.
[0012]
And it is comprised so that a pyrolysis residue may be supplied from the said conveyor and a fine pyrolysis residue may be discharged | emitted with a fluidized gas with a bed material from the upper part.
Further, by lowering the fluidizing gas at a low temperature, the high-temperature pyrolysis residue can be cooled and separated while fluidly stirring.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Example 1
Hereinafter, an embodiment of a thermal decomposition residue separation method in a waste treatment apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3.
FIG. 1 is a system diagram of an apparatus for carrying out a method of separating pyrolysis residues in a waste treatment apparatus according to the present invention. Reference numeral 1 denotes a pyrolysis reactor comprising a horizontal rotary drum, for example. The waste a which has been crushed to, for example, about 150 mm by a crusher (not shown) by the charging device 2 is input to the container 1.
[0014]
The heated air b heated by the air heater 3 is supplied to the pyrolysis reactor 1 via the line L ₁ and heated to 300 ° C. to 600 ° C., usually about 450 ° C. The interior is provided with a sealing mechanism (not shown) so that gas does not leak out. And by holding the inside of a series of apparatus below atmospheric pressure (low oxygen atmosphere) by the induction blower 4 provided in the terminal part of a series of apparatus, pyrolysis gas does not leak out of the system.
[0015]
The waste a supplied into the pyrolysis reactor 1 is heated and pyrolyzed here to produce a dry distillation gas G ₁ and a pyrolysis residue c. The dry distillation gas G ₁ and the pyrolysis residue c are separated in the discharge device 5 connected to the rear stage of the pyrolysis reactor 1, and the dry distillation gas G ₁ is connected to the combustion melting furnace 6 via the line L _2. The burner 7 is supplied.
[0016]
On the other hand, the pyrolysis residue c is supplied to the cooling device 8 and cooled to a temperature at which there is no fear of oxidation, and then is passed through a line L ₃ by a screw conveyor 10 having a sealing function in a fluidized bed device 9 as a separation device. Supplied at a predetermined rate.
The fluidized bed device 9 is a device applied in the present invention, and has substantially the same structure as that used in, for example, a fluidized bed type combustion furnace, and has a vertical cylindrical main body. A nozzle 9b is disposed at a lower portion of 9a and a bed material 11 made of sand or the like is accommodated. And said upper portion of the body 9a is connected to a bag filter 12, the bet material fluidizing gas d separated in the bag filter 12 is supplied into the main body 9a via line L ₄ by the blower 13 11 is fluidized.
[0017]
A screw conveyor 14 having a sealing function is connected to the lower portion of the main body 9a, and the bed material 11 is discharged from the fluidized bed apparatus 9. A separator 15 is provided following the screw conveyor 14, and the separator 15 is composed of a sand classifier such as a sieving device. The bed material 11 and an incombustible component f described later are provided. Have the ability to separate. Further, 16 is a metal sorter, 17 is a pulverizer, 18 is a carbon hopper, and 19 is a fine (about 1 to 2 mm) sieving device.
[0018]
In such a configuration, the pyrolysis residue c discharged from the discharge device 5 connected to the pyrolysis reactor 1 is supplied to the fluidized bed device 9. In the fluidized bed apparatus 9, coarse-grained combustible components are pulverized by the fluidizing action of the bed material 11 to become fine combustible components.
Further, the combustible powder component adhering to the metal, debris, etc. is peeled and ground by the flow of the bed material 11 to become a fine combustible component, and this fine combustible component e accompanies the fluidized gas d. Then, it is led to the bag filter 12 which is a collector via the line L ₅ and separated and collected here. The separated and recovered combustible component e is stored in the carbon hopper 18 via the line L ₆ and then supplied to the combustion melting furnace 6 via the line L ₇ for combustion treatment.
[0019]
The combustible component e collected by the bag filter 12 may be partly a mass e ′. Therefore, it is considered that the lump e ′ is separated and supplied to the pulverizer 17 in advance by a fine sieve, for example, a sieve device 19 having a mesh of about 1 mm. The incombustible component f such as metal and debris separated by the fluidized bed apparatus 9 is discharged together with the bed material 11 by the screw conveyor 14 and further separated from the incombustible component f and the bed material 11 by the separator 15. The non-combustible component f is supplied to, for example, a metal sorter 16 such as a magnetic separator or an aluminum sorter, where iron f ₁ , aluminum f ₂ and non-metallic components f ₃ such as pottery, gravel, concrete pieces, etc. The non-metallic component f ₃ is supplied to the pulverizer 17 and pulverized, and supplied to the combustion melting furnace 6 together with the combustible component e to be slagged.
[0020]
On the other hand, Bet material 11 unburned component f is separated by the separator 15 is again supplied to the fluidized bed 9 via line L _8.
The dry distillation gas G ₁ and the combustible component e thus supplied to the combustion melting furnace 6 are about 1300 ° C. by the combustion air h supplied via the line L ₉ by the blower 20. Combustion ash generated at this time is melted, becomes molten slag k, flows down into the water tank 21, and is cooled and solidified.
[0021]
The combustion gas G ₂ generated in the combustion melting furnace 6 is recovered by the air heater 3 and the waste heat boiler 22, and then removed by the dust collector 23 and cleaned by the gas cleaning device 24. The exhaust gas G ₃ is discharged from the chimney 25 into the atmosphere. The dust m collected by the dust collector 23 is guided to the pulverizer 17 via the line L ₁₁ and pulverized, and then supplied to the combustion melting furnace 6. Reference numeral 26 denotes a power generator that generates power using the steam S obtained by the waste heat boiler 22.
[0022]
(Example 2)
In the above embodiment, the combustible component e discharged along with the fluidized gas d from the fluidized bed device 9 is separated and recovered by the bag filter 12 which is a collector. For example, the combustible component e discharged along with the fluidized gas d may be directly guided to the combustion melting furnace 6.
[0023]
FIG. 2 shows that the combustible component e discharged along with the fluidized gas d is directly supplied to the combustion melting furnace 6 and a fluidized bed apparatus 9 using a low oxygen concentration fluid as the fluidized gas d. The bed material 11 is made to flow in a low oxygen atmosphere inside.
Therefore, the pyrolysis residue c discharged from the discharge device 5 is supplied into the fluidized bed device 9 while being kept at a relatively high temperature of, for example, about 450 ° C., cooled here, and combustible and non-combustible components. Are separated. The bed material 11 separated by the separator 15 is cooled by the cooler 27 and then supplied to the fluidized bed apparatus 9.
[0024]
(Example 3)
FIG. 3 shows still another embodiment, and the same reference numerals as those in FIGS. 1 and 2 denote the same names.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 as well, the bed material 11 is made to flow in a fluidized bed apparatus 9 with a low oxygen atmosphere. The combustible component e discharged along with the fluidized gas d is separated and recovered by the bag filter 12 which is a collector, and the combustible component e is carbon hopper 18 as in the first embodiment shown in FIG. And then supplied to the combustion melting furnace 6.
[0025]
In this way, by allowing the bed material 11 to flow while the fluidized bed apparatus 9 is maintained in a low oxygen atmosphere, the pyrolysis residue c can be cooled in the fluidized bed apparatus 9, thereby further simplifying the equipment. It can be done.
[0026]
【The invention's effect】
As is clear from the above description, according to the pyrolysis residue separation method in the waste treatment apparatus according to the present invention, the pyrolysis residue discharged from the discharge device is supplied into the fluidized bed device, and from this fluidized bed device, The combustible powder component is entrained in the fluidized gas and discharged, and the non-combustible component is discharged together with the bed material, so that the bed material and the non-combustible component are separated, thus simplifying the separation device. be able to.
[0027]
In addition, the combustible component of coarse particles can be refined by the flow of the bed material, and there is no need to provide a special pulverizer for pulverizing the combustible component.
Furthermore, by making the inside of the fluidized bed a low oxygen atmosphere, the pyrolysis residue can be cooled in this fluidized bed, so there is no need to provide a special cooling device, and more equipment that constitutes the waste treatment device can be provided. There is an effect that it can be further simplified.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a system diagram of an apparatus for carrying out a thermal decomposition residue separation method in a waste treatment apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a system diagram of another apparatus for carrying out the thermal decomposition residue separation method in the waste treatment apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a system diagram of still another apparatus for carrying out the thermal decomposition residue separation method in the waste treatment apparatus according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Pyrolysis reactor 2 Input device 3 Air heater 4 Induction fan 5 Discharge device 6 Combustion melting furnace 7 Burner 8 Cooling device 9 Fluidized bed device 9a Main body 9b Nozzle 10, 14 Screw conveyor 11 Bed material 12 Bag filter 13 Blower 15 Separation Device 16 Metal sorter 17 Crusher 18 Carbon hopper 19 Sieving device 20 Blower 21 Water tank 22 Waste heat boiler 23 Dust collector 24 Gas cleaning device 25 Chimney 26 Power generation device 27 Cooler a Waste c Thermal decomposition residue d Fluidized gas e Combustible components

Claims (1)

A pyrolysis reactor that heats and decomposes waste to produce pyrolysis gas and a pyrolysis residue mainly composed of nonvolatile components, and the pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis residue discharged from the pyrolysis reactor A separation device for separating the pyrolysis residue discharged from the discharge device into a combustible component and a non-combustible component; and the combustion of the dry distillation gas and the combustible component. In a waste treatment apparatus comprising a combustion melting furnace for melting combustion ash,
The pyrolysis residue discharged from the discharge device is supplied to a cooler, cooled to a temperature at which there is no risk of oxidation by the cooler, and then supplied to a fluidized bed device as a separation device to fluidize the bed material. Pulverize combustible components in pyrolysis residue and exfoliate combustible components adhering to non-combustible components, and entrain the combustible components refined by pulverization in the fluidized gas of the fluidized bed apparatus. The flammable components separated and collected by the collector are stored in a hopper and then supplied to the combustion melting furnace, while the non-combustible components are fed together with the bed material to the separator. Supply and separate into bed material and non-combustible component, supply non-combustible component separated by separator to metal sorter to separate into metallic component and non-metallic component, and further non-metallic Lumpy combustible components partially mixed when collected by the collector Preparative pyrolysis residue separation process in waste treatment apparatus characterized by supplying to the combustion melting furnace together with the combustible components was pulverized with a pulverizer.

Images