JP2005021026A - Greening material and greening method using the same - Google Patents

Greening material and greening method using the same Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2005021026A
JP2005021026A JP2003187627A JP2003187627A JP2005021026A JP 2005021026 A JP2005021026 A JP 2005021026A JP 2003187627 A JP2003187627 A JP 2003187627A JP 2003187627 A JP2003187627 A JP 2003187627A JP 2005021026 A JP2005021026 A JP 2005021026A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
greening
soil
moss
tray
roots
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JP2003187627A
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JP3753711B2 (en
Inventor
Mamoru Sakuma
護 佐久間
Toshio Takada
利夫 高田
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ASAHI KOSAN KK
Asahi Kasei Corp
Takenaka Komuten Co Ltd
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ASAHI KOSAN KK
Asahi Kasei Corp
Takenaka Komuten Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a greening material letting roots firmly twine, hard to be suffered from weather and applicable to any surfaces to be greened; and to provide a greening method comprising using the greening material. <P>SOLUTION: Sedum shoots 12 and moss gametophyte 14 are used as greening material 22 so that the moss gametophyte 14 rapidly absorbs moisture in soil dressing 18 to regulate moisture in the soil dressing 18, and the moisture is permeated in the soil dressing 18 when becoming dry. Such a structure of the greening material prevents the soil dressing from flowing out due to heavy rainfall. The greening material makes it possible to form such a cultivation mat 44 as to sufficiently grow with only rainfall because the moisture is supplied to the soil dressing 18 via the moss gametophyte 14 when having no rainfall. The soil dressing 18 is mixed with turf grass seeds 16 so that the roots of the turf grass seeds 16 are twined with the roots of the moss gametohyte 14 and the soil dressing 18. Such a structure prevents the soil dressing 18 from flowing out due to rainfall, and the sedum shoot 12 and the moss gametohyte 14 from scattering when the soil dressing 18 becomes dry. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、多肉植物、コケ植物、芝草及び土壌からなる緑化材料を用いた緑化材料及びその緑化材料を用いた緑化工法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
エアコンの廃熱やアスファルト、コンクリートによる太陽熱の照り返しなどによって、都市部の気温の上昇が年々激しくなっている。このような、都市部で問題になっているヒートアイランド現象の緩和策として、屋上や屋根に芝草などの植物を植栽する緑化が普及している。実際に施工する上で、建物に対する荷重や、基盤客土に使用する材質などの課題もあり、この課題の解決の一つとして、セダム類などの多肉植物や栄養繁殖可能な植物を植栽する工法がある。
【0003】
セダム類などの多肉植物は、耐乾燥性が非常に強く少量の水分でも生育可能なため、灌水手段を必要とせず、屋上や壁面などの水分の保持が難しい場所の緑化に適している。また、植栽基盤としての客土をあまり必要としないため、薄い植栽基盤でも生育可能であり、生育する基盤を薄くすることができる。このため、建物への荷重を軽減することが可能となり、荷重制限のある建物の緑化において、有効な緑化手段とされている。
【0004】
従来から、重量制限のある屋上には、軽量の客土や、軽量で保水性の高いヤシ繊維やピートモスを主体とした植栽基盤に多肉植物を植え付けた緑化用基盤が用いられている。しかし、このような植栽基盤の場合、夏の高温多湿期には根腐れや蒸れによる葉の腐食によって多肉植物の生育が妨げられたり、豪雨で基盤の客土が流れ出してしまい、排水溝をつまらせる事態が起こる。また、ビルの屋上は地上部よりも風速が強いため、基盤が乾燥しているときには基盤の客土が風で飛散するという問題がある。
【0005】
ここで、図7に示すように、合成樹脂製不織布よりなるスパイラル構造体102に粒状部材104を充填し、粒状部材104の充填層の上部に少量の客土108を摺込み充填させ、多肉植物106を植栽する永続性緑化基盤100が開示されている(特許文献1)。この構成によれば、永続的な緑化を可能とし、排水性、耐火性、耐風雨性に優れ、更に雑草の混入を防止する、多肉植物を用いた永続性緑化基盤が形成される。
【0006】
しかし、この場合、多肉植物の植栽基盤への根がらみの弱さから、風によって多肉植物と客土が飛ばされてしまう。このような状態になると、緑化の回復は不可能な状態となり、壊滅的な被害を受けることになる。
【0007】
また、不織布マットにコケ植物を固定させた緑化用基盤を、緑化対象面に貼り付ける緑化工法が開示されている(特許文献2)。
【0008】
この緑化用基盤は、緑化対象面に強力な糊や、アンカー等の固定具を用いて固定される。しかし、糊による固定方法は剥離を招き易く、また、アンカー等固定具を使用して固定する方法は、不織布マットが次第に腐食し、強度を失うために特に急傾斜面においては剥離脱落そして破壊の恐れがある。また、この緑化用基盤は無客土であるため、緑化対象面がコケ植物の根が進入可能な基盤でなければならない。さらに、この緑化用基盤は、紙繊維にコケ植物を固定したものであるため、緑化景観の創出に時間がかかると共に、ボリューム感に乏しい。
【0009】
【特許文献1】
特開2001−161160号公報(第4−5項、第1図)
【特許文献2】
特開平7−227143号公報(第5図)
【0010】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は上記事実を考慮し、根絡みが強くて風雨の影響を受けず、且つ、緑化対象面を選ばない緑化材料及びその緑化材料を用いた緑化工法を提供する。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項1に記載の本発明の緑化材料は、多肉植物と、コケ植物と、芝草と、養分及び水分を供給する土壌と、を所定の割合で混合して構成されたことを特徴としている。
【0012】
請求項1に記載の発明によれば、所定の割合で多肉植物とコケ植物と芝草と養分及び水分を供給する土壌とが混合されて、緑化材料が構成されている。
【0013】
乾燥に強い多肉植物と保水性に優れるコケ植物を緑化材料として用いることで、コケ植物が土壌中の水分を素早く吸収し、土壌中の水分量を調整すると共に、乾燥時にはその水分を土壌に浸透させる。これによって、豪雨による土壌の流出を防ぐ。また、無降雨時には多肉植物の育成に必要な水分がコケ植物によって土壌に供給されるので、降雨だけで十分生育可能な植栽基盤が形成される。
【0014】
また、芝草を土壌に混合させることで、芝草の根が多肉植物、コケ植物の根及び土壌に絡みつく。このことからも、降雨による土壌の流出が抑えられ、且つ、土壌乾燥時においては多肉植物及びコケ植物の飛散が防止できる。
【0015】
請求項2に記載の本発明の緑化材料は、前記芝草は、種子の状態で混合されることを特徴としている。
【0016】
請求項2に記載の発明によれば、芝草として芝草種子を用いる。芝草種子が発芽して生育すると、その芝草の根が多肉植物、コケ植物の根及び土壌に絡みつく。このように、芝草種子を用いることで混合が容易で、且つ、材料費が安く抑えられるので、大幅なコストダウンに繋がる。
【0017】
請求項3に記載の本発明の緑化材料は、前記多肉植物はセダムシュートが用いられ、前記コケ植物はコケ配偶体が用いられることを特徴としている。
【0018】
請求項3に記載の発明によれば、多肉植物及びコケ植物に、それぞれ発芽可能な状態のセダムシュートとコケ配偶体を用いることで、芝草種子の発芽育成と同時にセダムシュート及びコケ配偶体も成長するので、芝草の根が多肉植物、コケ植物の根及び土壌に確実に絡む。
【0019】
請求項4に記載の本発明の緑化材料は、前記土壌は、細粒土と粗粒土が混合されたことを特徴としている。
【0020】
請求項4に記載の発明によれば、細粒土によって保水性が確保され、粗粒土によって透水性及び排水性が確保されるので、芝草種子の初期発芽育成が促される。これによって、多肉植物及びコケ植物が育成する基盤となる土壌の性能を確保する。また、夏の高温多湿の根腐れや葉の腐りを防止し、多肉植物及びコケ植物の生育に適した状況が形成される。さらに、排水性が良いことから、豪雨による多肉植物、コケ植物及び土壌の流出の心配もない。
【0021】
請求項5に記載の本発明の緑化材料は、前記土壌には、侵食防止剤が混合されたことを特徴としている。
【0022】
請求項5に記載の発明によれば、侵食防止剤によって土壌中の土粒子が連結されるので、風雨によって土壌が侵食されるのを防止する。
【0023】
請求項6に記載の本発明の緑化工法は、緑化対象面に形成した排水層の上に、所定の厚さで請求項1〜請求項5の緑化材料を敷き均し、芝草の根が成長して多肉植物、コケ植物及び土壌に絡み付くまで散水を行うことを特徴としている。
【0024】
請求項6に記載の発明によれば、緑化対象面に排水層を形成し、その上に緑化材を敷き均す。散水したとき、緑化材料の土壌中の余剰水分が排水層に浸透するので、多肉植物及びコケ植物の根腐れを防止すると共に、土壌の流出を防止することができる。
【0025】
また、散水によって芝草種子の発芽育成が促進されるので、作業工程の短縮に繋がる。さらに、この緑化材料を構成する多肉植物とコケ植物は、乾燥に対して極めて強いので、土壌を敷き均して緑化面を形成することができる。
【0026】
また、散水を打ち切って芝草を枯死させるので、基盤全体の重量が軽くなると共に、その後の散水が不要となる。このように、散水期間が一時期なので、施工後には灌水装置を必要とせず、施工後の緑化面の維持にコストがかからない。
【0027】
請求項7に記載の本発明の緑化工法は、請求項1〜請求項5の緑化材料をトレーに敷き均し、芝草の根が成長して多肉植物、コケ植物及び土壌に絡み付くまで散水を行うこと特徴としている。
【0028】
請求項7に記載の発明によれば、トレーに緑化材料が敷き均されているため、保管時にトレーを積み上げることが可能となり、大きな面積の保管場所を必要としない。また、芝草の根が多肉植物、コケ植物の根及び土壌に絡みついたトレーを、現場に搬送して緑化対象面に敷き詰めるだけで緑化が形成できる。
【0029】
請求項8に記載の本発明の緑化工法は、前記トレーは、緑化対象面にボルトで固定されることを特徴としている。
【0030】
請求項8に記載の発明によれば、トレーは緑化対象面にボルトを用いて固定されるので、緑化対象面への固定が簡単、且つ、強固に行える。また、緑化対象面で緑化材料を敷き均す必要がないため、騒音や廃棄物を出すことがなく施工場所の制約を受けない。
【0031】
また、トレーの撤去が必要となった場合は、簡単に緑化対象面から取り外し、緑化対象面を元通りの状態に戻すことができる。
【0032】
請求項9に記載の本発明の緑化工法は、前記トレーから多肉植物、コケ植物及び土壌で構成された植栽マットを取出して、裏面に接着剤を塗布し、前記排水層上に接着することを特徴としている。
【0033】
請求項9に記載の発明によれば、植栽マットをトレーから取出して使用することで、緑化対象面に凹凸がある場所、または狭い場所でも、凹凸や面積に合わせて緑化が行える。また、植栽マットのみとなってさらに軽量化されるので、垂直に近い壁面等の緑化にも適している。
【0034】
【発明の実施の形態】
第1の実施形態に係る緑化材料の作成工程について説明する。
【0035】
図1に示すように、セダムのセダムシュート12、コケ植物のコケ配偶体14、芝草種子16、客土18及び侵食防止剤20を所定の割合で均一に混合し、緑化材料22を作成する。ここでは、客土18を10リットルに対して、コケ配偶体14を1kg、芝草種子16を30g、セダムシュート12を1kgの割合で混合する。
【0036】
セダムは、北半球の温帯から熱帯の広い範囲に4400種以上分布する小型の多肉植物で、ベンケイソウ科マンネングサ属の多年草の総称である。性質は極めて強健で、暑さ、寒さ、乾燥などのストレスに強く、しかも痩せ地や薄層の土壌でも生育可能で、粗放管理にも良く耐えるため、屋上緑化に最も適した植物の1つである。
【0037】
セダムの種類として、メキシコマンネングサ、マルバマンネングサ、タイトゴメ、コーラルカーペット、ツルマンネングサ等が挙げられる。このようにセダムを用いることで、客土18を薄くする事ができるため、既存建築物の屋上等の荷重制限をクリアできる。また、客土18を薄くする事により、雑草が発芽してもその成長は極端に抑制されるので、短い期間内に枯死する。さらに、多肉植物で形成された緑化マットは、樹木、芝生で形成された緑化マットに比べて1m当たりの単価が安くできるというメリットがある。
【0038】
コケ植物は、スナゴケ、ハイゴケをはじめとする各種コケ類が用いられる。ここでは、採取したコケ植物を、仮根で連結された群落ごとに解体し、さらにその群落を個々に分解したものがコケ配偶体14である。
【0039】
なお、ここでは、コケ配偶体14を使用したが、コケ配偶体14として解体する前の状態のコケ植物を用いることも可能である。また、コケ植物の種類は特に限定されないが、市場性や環境適応性を考慮して、スナゴケ、ハイゴケ、シノブゴケ等を用いることが好ましい。
【0040】
コケ植物は、一時的に大量の水分を素早く保持すると共に、乾燥時にはその水分を客土18に浸透させる。すなわち、降雨時には客土18中の水分を吸収して水分調整を行うことで土砂の流出を抑え、乾燥時には客土18に水分の補給を行い、風による客土18の飛散を防止する。
【0041】
客土18には、赤玉土、鹿沼土、軽石、川砂、ピートモス、黒土、バーミキュライト、緩効性化学肥料などをセダムシュート12及びコケ配偶体14に適した配合で混合したものが使用される。また、細粒土と粗粒土を混合させて用いており、これによって、客土18の透水性及び保水性が確保される。ここでは、細粒土と粗粒土の割合を1:5で混合させたものが使用される。
【0042】
また、侵食防止剤20としては、浸透充填型としてセメント系、被膜型としてアスファルト系、浸透連結型としてポリ酢酸ビニール系、アクリル系及び水溶性尿素樹脂系などが用いられる。客土18に侵食防止剤20を混合させることで、客土18の土粒子が連結されるので、風雨等によって客土18が侵食されるのを防ぐ効果がある。また、侵食防止剤20は、例えば、アクリル系エマルジョン2リットル/m相当を客土18に混合させることが望ましい。
【0043】
次に、この緑化材料22をトレー24に敷き均す。トレー24は、矩形状の箱型とされ、本実施形態においては、高密度ポリエチレン製のものが使用される。また、敷き均される緑化材料22の厚さは15〜20mmが適当とされる。このとき、緑化材料22の厚さを15mm以下にした場合には、芝草16Aの根がセダムシュート12、コケ配偶体14及び客土18に絡み付くほどに伸長することが困難となり、また、20mm以上にした場合には、緑化材料22で形成される緑化マット44の重量が重くなってしまう。
【0044】
図2に示すように、トレー24の底面24Aには凸部30が形成されており、底面24Aにフィルター26を敷設し、固定ピン28で止めることで凸部30とフィルター26との間を客土18に染み込んだ余剰水分が流れる。また、トレー24の側面24Bには、排水口42が形成されており、この排水口42から客土18中の余剰水分が排出される。また、排水口42を通して新鮮な空気がセダムシュート12及びコケ植物14の根に供給されるので、根腐れ等の心配がない。また、トレー24の四隅には、ボルト56(図4参照)の座面57が形成されている。
【0045】
次に、緑化材料22をフィルター26の上に敷き均す。ここで、図3(A)に示すように、緑化材料22が敷き均されたトレー24の上からホース21を用いて散水を行う。この散水による水分補給によって、緑化材料22の中の芝草種子16が発芽して成長し、芝草16Aの根が伸長してセダムシュート12、コケ配偶体14の根及び客土18に絡みつく。
【0046】
図3(B)に示すように、芝草種子16が発芽成長し、芝草16Aの草丈が100〜200mm程度まで成長したら、図3(C)に示すように、散水を打ち切って芝草16Aを枯死させる。このとき、枯死した芝草16Aの根が、芝草16Aと共に成長したセダムシュート12、コケ配偶体14の根及び客土18に絡み付いている。この状態で、セダムシュート12、コケ配偶体14が自然に育成するのを見守り、図3(D)に示すように、トレー24内に植栽マット44が形成された緑化トレー10を完成させる。
【0047】
次に、緑化トレー10を施工する方法について説明する。
【0048】
図4に示すように、緑化を行う屋上等の緑化対象面に砕石を敷き詰めて排水層52を形成する。次に、緑化トレー10を緑化対象面がある場所に運び込み、緑化対象面に敷設する。緑化トレー10は、隣合うトレー24の側壁24B(図2参照)同士を専用の接続ピン(図示省略)を用いて連結される。また、緑化トレー10のトレー24の四隅には、ボルト56が挿通可能なボルト穴58が座面57に形成されている。ボルト孔58にボルト56を挿通し、緑化対象面に緑化トレー10を固定させる。このようにして、複数の緑化トレー10を連結させながら緑化対象面に固定し、緑化対象面の緑化を完成させる。
【0049】
次に、第1の実施形態に係る作用について説明する。
【0050】
セダムシュート12、コケ配偶体14、芝草種子16及び客土18が混合された緑化材料22をトレー24に敷き詰め、散水を行う。芝草種子16が発芽成長し、芝草16Aの草丈が100〜200mm程度まで成長したところで散水を打ち切り芝草16Aを枯死させる。このようにして形成した緑化トレー10を、緑化対象面にボルト56で固定することで、緑化対象面の緑化が行われる。
【0051】
乾燥に強いセダムシュート12と、保水性に優れるコケ植物としてのコケ配偶体14を緑化材料22として用いることで、コケ植物が客土18中の水分を素早く吸収し、客土18中の水分量を調整すると共に、乾燥時にはその水分を客土18に浸透させる。これによって、豪雨による客土18の流出を防ぐ。また、無降雨時にはセダムシュート12の育成に必要な水分がコケ配偶体14によって客土18に供給されるので、降雨だけで十分生育可能な植栽マット44が形成される。
【0052】
また、芝草種子16を客土18に混合させることで、芝草種子16から発芽成長した芝草16Aの根がセダムシュート12、コケ配偶体14の根及び客土18に絡みつく。このことからも、降雨による客土18の流出が抑えられ、且つ、客土18の乾燥時においてはセダム及びコケ植物の飛散が防止できる。
【0053】
緑化材料22が敷き均されたトレー24は、保管時に積み上げることが可能となり、大きな面積の保管場所を必要としない。また、芝草16Aの根がセダム、コケ植物の根及び客土18に絡みついた植栽マット44が形成された緑化トレー10を、現場に搬送して緑化対象面に敷き詰めるだけで緑化が形成できる、
次に、本発明の第2の実施形態に係る緑化工法を説明する。
【0054】
図5に示すように、緑化対象面に敷設された排水層52上に、緑化トレー10から取出した植栽マット44を載置する。ここでは、植栽マット44の裏面44Aに接着剤45を塗布し、緑化対象面に植栽マット44を接着固定させる。
【0055】
次に、本発明の第2の実施形態の作用について説明する。
【0056】
植栽マット44を緑化トレー10から取出して使用することで、緑化対象面が平らでなくても施工できるので、緑化対象面の制約がない。植栽マット44を緑化トレー10から取出して使用することで、緑化対象面に凹凸がある場所、または狭い場所でも、凹凸や面積に合わせて緑化が行える。また、植栽マット44のみとなってさらに軽量化されるので、垂直に近い壁面等の緑化にも適している。
【0057】
次に、本発明の第3の実施形態に係る緑化工法を説明する。
【0058】
図6に示すように、緑化対象面に排水層56を形成する。排水層56の上に、セダムシュート12、コケ配偶体14、芝草種子16、客土18及び侵食防止剤20を混合した緑化材料22を敷き均す。この後の工程は、第1の実施形態と同様なので割愛する。
【0059】
次に、本発明の第3の実施形態の作用について説明する。
【0060】
図6に示すように、緑化対象面に排水層52を敷き詰めて、その上に直接緑化材料22を敷き詰めて緑化対象面に緑化が形成されるので、凹凸のある場所、または狭い場所でも、施工場所の凹凸や面積に合わせて緑化が行える。
【0061】
なお、本実施形態においては、略矩形状のトレー24を用いたが、形状は略矩形状に限らず、緑化対象面、施工場所に応じた形の物を使用することができる。また、トレー24の素材は特に限定されず、金型、木型、プラスチック型などが使用可能である。
【0062】
また、本実施形態では、芝草16Aの根をセダムシュート12、コケ配偶体14の根及び客土18に絡ませたが、芝草16Aの根に限らず、根が伸びるものであれば使用することができ、芝草の種子以外に稲の種子等が用いられる。逆に、CPマット等の厚みのあるマット状の物にセダムシュート12、コケ配偶体14及び客土18を絡ませてもよい。
【0063】
また、緑化トレー10の四隅をボルト56で緑化対象面に固定したが、緑化トレー10の裏面に接着剤または接着テープを用いて、緑化対象面に接着固定させてもよい。
【0064】
【発明の効果】
本発明は上記構成としたので、根絡みが強く、風雨の影響を受けにくく、且つ、緑化対象面を選ばない。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】第1の実施形態に係る緑化材料の製造方法を示す図である。
【図2】第1の実施形態に係る緑化工法を示す図である。
【図3】第1の実施形態に係る緑化工法を示す側面断面図である。
【図4】第1の実施形態に係る緑化工法を示す斜視図である。
【図5】第2の実施形態に係る緑化工法を示す斜視図である。
【図6】第3の実施形態に係る緑化工法を示す側面断面図である。
【図7】従来の緑化工法を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
10 緑化トレー
12 セダムシュート(多肉植物、セダム)
14 コケ配偶体(コケ植物)
16 芝草種子(芝草)
18 客土(土壌)
20 侵食防止剤
22 緑化材料
24 トレー
44 植栽マット
56 ボルト
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a greening material using a greening material composed of a succulent plant, a moss plant, turfgrass and soil, and a greening method using the greening material.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Due to the waste heat from air conditioners, asphalt, and the reflection of solar heat from concrete, the temperature in urban areas is increasing year by year. As a measure for mitigating such a heat island phenomenon that is a problem in urban areas, planting of plants such as turf grass on the rooftop and roof has become widespread. In actual construction, there are also issues such as the load on the building and the material used for the base ground. As one solution to this issue, plant succulent plants such as sedum and plants that can vegetatively reproduce. There is a construction method.
[0003]
Succulents such as sedum are extremely drought-resistant and can grow even with a small amount of moisture, so they do not require watering means and are suitable for greening places where it is difficult to retain moisture, such as rooftops and walls. In addition, since less land is required as a planting base, it is possible to grow on a thin planting base, and the base for growing can be made thin. For this reason, it becomes possible to reduce the load to a building, and it is regarded as an effective greening means in greening a building with a load limit.
[0004]
Conventionally, on a roof with a weight limit, a base for revegetation in which succulents are planted on a plant base mainly composed of light-weight soil and palm fibers and peat moss that are lightweight and highly water-retaining is used. However, in the case of such a planting base, the growth of succulents is hindered by the decay of leaves due to root rot or steaming in the hot and humid season of summer, or the base soil of the base flows out due to heavy rain, and the drainage ditch is A boring situation occurs. Moreover, since the wind speed is higher on the roof of the building than on the ground, there is a problem that when the base is dry, the ground on the base is scattered by the wind.
[0005]
Here, as shown in FIG. 7, the spiral structure 102 made of synthetic resin non-woven fabric is filled with the granular member 104, and a small amount of the soil 108 is slid into the upper part of the packed layer of the granular member 104 to fill the succulent plant. A permanent greening base 100 for planting 106 is disclosed (Patent Document 1). According to this configuration, a permanent greening base using a succulent plant that enables permanent greening, is excellent in drainage, fire resistance, and wind and rain resistance and prevents weeds from being mixed is formed.
[0006]
In this case, however, the succulents and the soil are blown by the wind because of the weakness of the roots of the succulents in the planting base. In such a state, the greening cannot be restored and it will be devastatingly damaged.
[0007]
Moreover, the greening construction method which affixes the base for greening which fixed the moss plant to the nonwoven fabric mat to the greening object surface is disclosed (patent document 2).
[0008]
The greening base is fixed to the greening target surface using a strong glue or a fixture such as an anchor. However, the fixing method with glue tends to cause peeling, and the fixing method using a fixing tool such as an anchor causes the nonwoven fabric mat to gradually corrode and lose strength. There is a fear. In addition, since this greening base is non-occupied soil, the greening target surface must be a base through which moss plant roots can enter. Furthermore, since this greening base is made by fixing moss plants to paper fibers, it takes time to create a greening landscape and has a poor volume.
[0009]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2001-161160 (Section 4-5, FIG. 1)
[Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-227143 (FIG. 5)
[0010]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In view of the above facts, the present invention provides a greening material that is strongly rooted, is not affected by wind and rain, and that does not select a greening target surface, and a greening method using the greening material.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The greening material of the present invention according to claim 1 is characterized in that a succulent plant, moss plant, turfgrass, and soil supplying nutrients and moisture are mixed at a predetermined ratio.
[0012]
According to the first aspect of the present invention, the succulent plant, the moss plant, the turfgrass, and the soil for supplying nutrients and moisture are mixed at a predetermined ratio to constitute the greening material.
[0013]
By using succulent plants that are resistant to drying and moss plants that are excellent in water retention as greening materials, moss plants quickly absorb moisture in the soil, adjust the amount of moisture in the soil, and penetrate the moisture into the soil during drying Let This prevents soil runoff due to heavy rain. In addition, since water necessary for growing a succulent plant is supplied to the soil by moss plants when there is no rain, a planting base that can sufficiently grow only by rain is formed.
[0014]
Moreover, by mixing turfgrass with soil, the roots of turfgrass are entangled with the roots and soil of succulent plants and moss plants. This also suppresses the outflow of soil due to rain, and prevents succulent plants and moss plants from scattering when the soil is dry.
[0015]
The greening material of the present invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that the turfgrass is mixed in a seed state.
[0016]
According to the invention described in claim 2, turfgrass seeds are used as turfgrass. When turfgrass seeds germinate and grow, the roots of the turfgrass are entangled with succulent plants, moss plant roots and soil. Thus, by using turfgrass seeds, mixing is easy and material costs can be kept low, leading to a significant cost reduction.
[0017]
The greening material of the present invention according to claim 3 is characterized in that the succulent plant uses sedum shoots and the moss plant uses moss gametophytes.
[0018]
According to the invention of claim 3, by using a sedum shoot and a moss gametophyte in a succulent plant and a moss plant, respectively, a sedum shoot and a moss gametophyte grow simultaneously with germination and growth of turfgrass seeds. Therefore, turfgrass roots are surely entangled with succulents, moss roots and soil.
[0019]
The greening material of the present invention according to claim 4 is characterized in that the soil is a mixture of fine-grained soil and coarse-grained soil.
[0020]
According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, water retention is ensured by the fine-grained soil, and water permeability and drainage are ensured by the coarse-grained soil, which promotes early germination and growth of turfgrass seeds. This ensures the performance of the soil that is the basis for the growth of succulent and moss plants. In addition, the hot and humid root rot and leaf rot of summer are prevented, and a situation suitable for the growth of succulent plants and moss plants is formed. Furthermore, since drainage is good, there is no worry of succulent plants, moss plants and soil runoff due to heavy rain.
[0021]
The greening material of the present invention according to claim 5 is characterized in that an erosion inhibitor is mixed in the soil.
[0022]
According to invention of Claim 5, since the soil particle | grains in soil are connected by the erosion inhibitor, it is prevented that soil is eroded by wind and rain.
[0023]
In the greening method of the present invention according to claim 6, the greening material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is spread on the drainage layer formed on the surface to be greened to a predetermined thickness, and the roots of turfgrass grow. It is characterized by watering until it is entangled with succulent plants, moss plants and soil.
[0024]
According to the invention described in claim 6, the drainage layer is formed on the greening target surface, and the greening material is spread on the drainage layer. When water is sprayed, excess water in the soil of the greening material penetrates into the drainage layer, so that root rot of succulent plants and moss plants can be prevented, and soil outflow can be prevented.
[0025]
In addition, sprinkling promotes germination and growth of turfgrass seeds, leading to shortening of the work process. Furthermore, since the succulent plants and moss plants that constitute this greening material are extremely resistant to drying, the soil can be spread and a greening surface can be formed.
[0026]
Moreover, since the water spray is cut off and the turfgrass is killed, the weight of the entire base is reduced and the subsequent watering is unnecessary. In this way, since the watering period is one time, no irrigation device is required after construction, and there is no cost for maintaining the greening surface after construction.
[0027]
The greening method of the present invention as set forth in claim 7 is to spread the greening material of claims 1 to 5 on a tray and perform watering until the roots of turf grass grow and become entangled with succulent plants, moss plants and soil. It is a feature.
[0028]
According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, since the greening material is spread on the tray, the tray can be stacked at the time of storage, and a storage area with a large area is not required. In addition, greening can be formed simply by transporting a tray in which turfgrass roots are entangled with succulent plants, moss plant roots, and soil to a site to be planted.
[0029]
The greening method of the present invention described in claim 8 is characterized in that the tray is fixed to a greening target surface with a bolt.
[0030]
According to invention of Claim 8, since a tray is fixed to a greening object surface using a volt | bolt, it can fix to a greening object surface easily and firmly. Moreover, since it is not necessary to spread and level the greening material on the surface to be greened, there is no noise or waste, and there are no restrictions on the construction site.
[0031]
In addition, when the tray needs to be removed, it can be easily removed from the greening target surface and the greening target surface can be returned to the original state.
[0032]
The tree planting method of the present invention according to claim 9 is to take out a planting mat composed of succulent plants, moss plants and soil from the tray, apply an adhesive on the back surface, and adhere to the drainage layer. It is characterized by.
[0033]
According to invention of Claim 9, by taking out a planting mat from a tray and using it, greening can be performed according to an unevenness | corrugation and an area also in the place where a greening object surface has an unevenness | corrugation, or a narrow place. Moreover, since it becomes only a planting mat and is further reduced in weight, it is suitable also for greening, such as a wall surface near perpendicular | vertical.
[0034]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
A process for creating a greening material according to the first embodiment will be described.
[0035]
As shown in FIG. 1, a green planting material 22 is prepared by uniformly mixing a sedum sedum shoot 12, a moss plant moss game, a turfgrass seed 16, a soil 18 and an erosion inhibitor 20 in a predetermined ratio. Here, 10 kg of soil 18 is mixed with 1 kg of moss game bodies 14, 30 g of turfgrass seeds 16 and 1 kg of sedum chute 12.
[0036]
Sedum is a small succulent plant distributed over 4400 species in a wide range from the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere to the tropics. It is one of the most suitable plants for rooftop greening because it is extremely strong in nature, resistant to stress such as heat, cold, and drought, can grow on thin and thin soils, and withstands rough management. .
[0037]
Examples of the types of sedum include Mexican mannengusa, malba mannengusa, tight gome, coral carpet, crane mannusa and the like. By using the sedum in this way, the customer land 18 can be made thin, so that it is possible to clear load restrictions on the rooftop of existing buildings. In addition, by thinning the soil 18, even if weeds germinate, their growth is extremely suppressed, so that they die within a short period of time. Furthermore, the greening mat formed of succulent plants has an advantage that the unit price per 1 m 2 can be reduced as compared with the greening mat formed of trees and lawns.
[0038]
As the moss plant, various moss such as snail and high moss are used. Here, the moss gametophyte 14 is obtained by disassembling the collected moss plants for each community connected by temporary roots, and further decomposing the communities.
[0039]
Although the moss gametophyte 14 is used here, a moss plant in a state before being disassembled as the moss gametophyte 14 can also be used. Moreover, although the kind of moss plant is not specifically limited, in consideration of marketability and environmental adaptability, it is preferable to use snail, hyokeki, chinook moss and the like.
[0040]
The moss plant temporarily holds a large amount of moisture quickly and permeates the soil 18 when the moisture is dry. In other words, when the rain falls, the moisture in the soil 18 is absorbed and the moisture is adjusted to suppress the outflow of the earth and sand. The moisture is replenished to the soil 18 during the drying, and the scattering of the soil 18 due to the wind is prevented.
[0041]
As the soil 18, a mixture of red crust, kanuma soil, pumice, river sand, peat moss, black soil, vermiculite, slow-release chemical fertilizer and the like in a composition suitable for the sedum chute 12 and the moss game body 14 is used. Moreover, the fine-grained soil and the coarse-grained soil are mixed and used, thereby ensuring the water permeability and water retention of the guest soil 18. Here, what mixed the ratio of fine-grained soil and coarse-grained soil 1: 5 is used.
[0042]
Further, as the erosion preventive agent 20, a cement type is used as an osmotic filling type, an asphalt type is used as a coating type, a polyvinyl acetate type, an acrylic type, and a water-soluble urea resin type are used as an osmotic connection type. By mixing the erosion inhibitor 20 with the soil 18, the soil particles of the soil 18 are connected, so that the soil 18 is prevented from being eroded by wind and rain. Moreover, as for the erosion inhibitor 20, for example, it is desirable to mix 2 liters / m 2 of an acrylic emulsion with the soil 18.
[0043]
Next, this greening material 22 is spread on a tray 24 and leveled. The tray 24 has a rectangular box shape, and in the present embodiment, a tray made of high-density polyethylene is used. Further, the appropriate thickness of the greening material 22 to be spread is 15 to 20 mm. At this time, when the thickness of the greening material 22 is set to 15 mm or less, it becomes difficult for the turfgrass 16 </ b> A roots to become entangled with the sedum chute 12, the moss game body 14 and the customer soil 18, and more than 20 mm. In such a case, the weight of the greening mat 44 formed of the greening material 22 becomes heavy.
[0044]
As shown in FIG. 2, a convex portion 30 is formed on the bottom surface 24 </ b> A of the tray 24, and a filter 26 is laid on the bottom surface 24 </ b> A and is fixed with a fixing pin 28, so that the space between the convex portion 30 and the filter 26 is provided. Excess water soaked in the soil 18 flows. Further, a drain outlet 42 is formed on the side surface 24B of the tray 24, and excess water in the customer soil 18 is discharged from the drain outlet 42. In addition, since fresh air is supplied to the roots of the sedum chute 12 and the moss plant 14 through the drain port 42, there is no concern about root rot. In addition, seat surfaces 57 of bolts 56 (see FIG. 4) are formed at the four corners of the tray 24.
[0045]
Next, the greening material 22 is spread on the filter 26 and leveled. Here, as shown in FIG. 3A, watering is performed using a hose 21 from above the tray 24 on which the greening material 22 is spread. By rehydration by watering, the turfgrass seed 16 in the greening material 22 germinates and grows, and the roots of the turfgrass 16 </ b> A extend to entangle with the roots of the sedum shoot 12, the moss gametophyte 14 and the soil 18.
[0046]
As shown in FIG. 3 (B), when the turfgrass seeds 16 germinate and grow, and the plant height of the turfgrass 16A grows to about 100 to 200 mm, as shown in FIG. 3 (C), the watering is cut off and the turfgrass 16A is killed. . At this time, the roots of the dead turfgrass 16 </ b> A are entangled with the sedum shoots 12 grown with the turfgrass 16 </ b> A, the roots of the moss game bodies 14, and the soil 18. In this state, watching the sedum shoots 12 and the moss game bodies 14 grow naturally, the greening tray 10 in which the planting mat 44 is formed in the tray 24 is completed as shown in FIG.
[0047]
Next, a method for constructing the greening tray 10 will be described.
[0048]
As shown in FIG. 4, the drainage layer 52 is formed by laying crushed stones on a greening target surface such as a rooftop to be greened. Next, the greening tray 10 is brought to a place where the greening target surface is located and laid on the greening target surface. In the greening tray 10, the side walls 24 </ b> B (see FIG. 2) of the adjacent trays 24 are connected to each other using a dedicated connection pin (not shown). Further, bolt holes 58 into which bolts 56 can be inserted are formed in the seating surface 57 at the four corners of the tray 24 of the greening tray 10. The bolt 56 is inserted into the bolt hole 58, and the greening tray 10 is fixed to the greening target surface. In this way, a plurality of the greening trays 10 are connected to each other and fixed to the greening target surface to complete the greening of the greening target surface.
[0049]
Next, the operation according to the first embodiment will be described.
[0050]
A greening material 22 in which the sedum chute 12, moss game bodies 14, turfgrass seeds 16 and customer soil 18 are mixed is spread on a tray 24 and watered. When the turfgrass seeds 16 germinate and grow, and the plant height of the turfgrass 16A grows to about 100 to 200 mm, the watering is stopped and the turfgrass 16A is killed. The greening tray 10 formed in this manner is fixed to the greening target surface with the bolts 56, whereby the greening target surface is greened.
[0051]
By using the sedum shoot 12 that is resistant to drying and the moss gametophyte 14 as a moss plant with excellent water retention as the greening material 22, the moss plant quickly absorbs moisture in the soil 18, and the amount of moisture in the soil 18 In addition, the moisture is allowed to penetrate into the soil 18 during drying. This prevents the outflow of the customer land 18 due to heavy rain. In addition, since water necessary for growing the sedum chute 12 is supplied to the customer soil 18 by the moss game bodies 14 when there is no rain, a planting mat 44 that can grow sufficiently only by rain is formed.
[0052]
Further, by mixing the turfgrass seed 16 with the soil 18, the roots of the turfgrass 16 </ b> A germinated and grown from the turfgrass seed 16 are entangled with the sedum shoot 12, the roots of the moss gamete 14 and the soil 18. Also from this, the outflow of the soil 18 due to rain is suppressed, and the scattering of sedum and moss plants can be prevented when the soil 18 is dried.
[0053]
The tray 24 on which the greening material 22 is spread can be stacked at the time of storage, and does not require a large storage area. Further, greening can be formed simply by transporting the greening tray 10 in which the planting mat 44 in which the roots of the turfgrass 16A are entangled with the roots of the sedum, the moss plant, and the soil 18 to the site, and laying on the surface to be planted.
Next, a greening method according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described.
[0054]
As shown in FIG. 5, the planting mat 44 taken out from the greening tray 10 is placed on the drainage layer 52 laid on the greening target surface. Here, the adhesive 45 is applied to the back surface 44A of the planting mat 44, and the planting mat 44 is bonded and fixed to the greening target surface.
[0055]
Next, the operation of the second exemplary embodiment of the present invention will be described.
[0056]
By taking out the planting mat 44 from the greening tray 10 and using it, the planting mat 44 can be constructed even if the greening target surface is not flat, so there is no restriction on the greening target surface. By taking out the planting mat 44 from the greening tray 10 and using the planting mat 44, the planting mat 44 can be planted in accordance with the unevenness and area even in a place where the greening target surface has unevenness or a narrow place. Moreover, since it becomes only the planting mat 44 and is further reduced in weight, it is suitable also for greening of the wall surface etc. which are near perpendicular | vertical.
[0057]
Next, a greening method according to the third embodiment of the present invention will be described.
[0058]
As shown in FIG. 6, the drainage layer 56 is formed on the greening target surface. On the drainage layer 56, a greening material 22 in which the sedum chute 12, the moss game body 14, the turfgrass seed 16, the soil 18 and the erosion inhibitor 20 are mixed is spread and leveled. Since the subsequent steps are the same as those in the first embodiment, they are omitted.
[0059]
Next, the operation of the third embodiment of the present invention will be described.
[0060]
As shown in FIG. 6, the drainage layer 52 is spread on the greening target surface, and the greening material 22 is spread directly on the greening target surface, so that the greening is formed on the greening target surface. Greening can be performed according to the unevenness and area of the place.
[0061]
In the present embodiment, the substantially rectangular tray 24 is used. However, the shape is not limited to the substantially rectangular shape, and a shape corresponding to the greening target surface and the construction place can be used. The material of the tray 24 is not particularly limited, and a mold, a wooden mold, a plastic mold, or the like can be used.
[0062]
In the present embodiment, the roots of the turf grass 16A are entangled with the roots of the sedum chute 12, the moss game bodies 14 and the soil 18 but are not limited to the roots of the turf grass 16A and may be used as long as the roots extend. In addition to turfgrass seeds, rice seeds and the like are used. On the contrary, the Sedum chute 12, the moss game body 14 and the customer's land 18 may be entangled with a thick mat-like object such as a CP mat.
[0063]
In addition, although the four corners of the greening tray 10 are fixed to the greening target surface with the bolts 56, the backside of the greening tray 10 may be bonded and fixed to the greening target surface using an adhesive or an adhesive tape.
[0064]
【The invention's effect】
Since this invention was set as the said structure, it has a strong root entanglement, it is hard to receive the influence of a wind and rain, and does not choose the greening object surface.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a method for producing a greening material according to a first embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a greening method according to the first embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a side sectional view showing a tree planting method according to the first embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a greening method according to the first embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a tree planting method according to a second embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a side sectional view showing a tree planting method according to a third embodiment.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a conventional tree planting method.
[Explanation of symbols]
10 Greening tray 12 Sedum chute (succulent plant, Sedum)
14 Moss gametophyte (moss plant)
16 Turfgrass seed (turfgrass)
18 Customer soil (soil)
20 Erosion inhibitor 22 Greening material 24 Tray 44 Planting mat 56 Bolt

Claims (9)

多肉植物と、コケ植物と、芝草と、養分及び水分を供給する土壌と、を所定の割合で混合して構成されたことを特徴とする緑化材料。A greening material comprising a succulent plant, a moss plant, turfgrass, and a soil for supplying nutrients and moisture mixed at a predetermined ratio. 前記芝草は、種子の状態で混合されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の緑化材料。The greening material according to claim 1, wherein the turf grass is mixed in a seed state. 前記多肉植物はセダムシュートが用いられ、前記コケ植物はコケ配偶体が用いられることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の緑化材料。The greening material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a sedum shoot is used for the succulent plant, and a moss gametophyte is used for the moss plant. 前記土壌は、細粒土と粗粒土が混合されたことを特徴とする請求項1〜請求項3のいずれかに記載の緑化材料。The greening material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the soil is a mixture of fine-grained soil and coarse-grained soil. 前記土壌には、侵食防止剤が混合されたことを特徴とする請求項1〜請求項4のいずれかに記載の緑化材料。The greening material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the soil is mixed with an erosion inhibitor. 緑化対象面に形成した排水層の上に、所定の厚さで請求項1〜請求項5の緑化材料を敷き均し、芝草の根が成長して多肉植物、コケ植物及び土壌に絡み付くまで散水を行うことを特徴とする緑化工法。On the drainage layer formed on the surface to be planted, spread the greening material of claims 1 to 5 at a predetermined thickness, and spray water until the roots of turf grass grow and become entangled with succulent plants, moss plants and soil. Greening method characterized by performing. 請求項1〜請求項5の緑化材料をトレーに敷き均し、芝草の根が成長して多肉植物、コケ植物及び土壌に絡み付くまで散水を行うこと特徴とする緑化工法。A greening method comprising spreading the greening material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 on a tray and sprinkling water until turfgrass roots grow and become entangled with succulents, moss plants and soil. 前記トレーは、緑化対象面にボルトで固定されることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の緑化工法。The greening method according to claim 7, wherein the tray is fixed to a greening target surface with a bolt. 前記トレーから多肉植物、コケ植物及び土壌で構成された植栽マットを取出して、裏面に接着剤を塗布し、前記排水層上に接着することを特徴とする請求項7に記載の緑化工法。The planting mat composed of succulent plants, moss plants and soil is taken out from the tray, an adhesive is applied to the back surface, and the greening method is adhered to the drainage layer.
JP2003187627A 2003-06-30 2003-06-30 Tree planting material and planting method using the planting material Expired - Fee Related JP3753711B2 (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007049969A (en) * 2005-08-19 2007-03-01 Takashi Takatsuji Greening system
JP2009072185A (en) * 2007-08-28 2009-04-09 Ecolovie Corp Tree-planting material by using moss plant, method for producing the same and method of tree-planting
JP4536144B1 (en) * 2009-06-09 2010-09-01 株式会社丹勝 Soilless tree planting planting method
US7845294B1 (en) * 2009-12-28 2010-12-07 Cade Leland P Garden seed planting apparatus
CN108307875A (en) * 2018-02-07 2018-07-24 上海市老教授协会 Using natural biomass as the roof greening platform of host material and the method afforested

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007049969A (en) * 2005-08-19 2007-03-01 Takashi Takatsuji Greening system
JP2009072185A (en) * 2007-08-28 2009-04-09 Ecolovie Corp Tree-planting material by using moss plant, method for producing the same and method of tree-planting
JP4536144B1 (en) * 2009-06-09 2010-09-01 株式会社丹勝 Soilless tree planting planting method
JP2010284083A (en) * 2009-06-09 2010-12-24 Tankatsu:Kk Greening method by planting tree on soilless surface
US7845294B1 (en) * 2009-12-28 2010-12-07 Cade Leland P Garden seed planting apparatus
CN108307875A (en) * 2018-02-07 2018-07-24 上海市老教授协会 Using natural biomass as the roof greening platform of host material and the method afforested

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