JP2004535853A - 回転ベアリングを備えた膝プロテーゼ - Google Patents

回転ベアリングを備えた膝プロテーゼ Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004535853A
JP2004535853A JP2002582838A JP2002582838A JP2004535853A JP 2004535853 A JP2004535853 A JP 2004535853A JP 2002582838 A JP2002582838 A JP 2002582838A JP 2002582838 A JP2002582838 A JP 2002582838A JP 2004535853 A JP2004535853 A JP 2004535853A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
knee prosthesis
component
tibial
tibial component
prosthesis
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Pending
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JP2002582838A
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English (en)
Inventor
アルノルト・ケラー
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Waldemar Link GmbH and Co KG
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Waldemar Link GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of JP2004535853A publication Critical patent/JP2004535853A/ja
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/38Joints for elbows or knees
    • A61F2/3868Joints for elbows or knees with sliding tibial bearing
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/3836Special connection between upper and lower leg, e.g. constrained
    • A61F2/384Special connection between upper and lower leg, e.g. constrained hinged, i.e. with transverse axle restricting the movement
    • A61F2/385Special connection between upper and lower leg, e.g. constrained hinged, i.e. with transverse axle restricting the movement also provided with condylar bearing surfaces
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2002/30362Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements made by longitudinally pushing a protrusion into a complementarily-shaped recess, e.g. held by friction fit with possibility of relative movement between the protrusion and the recess
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    • A61F2002/30329Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • A61F2002/30476Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements locked by an additional locking mechanism
    • A61F2002/30507Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements locked by an additional locking mechanism using a threaded locking member, e.g. a locking screw or a set screw
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    • A61F2002/30535Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30574Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for with an integral complete or partial collar or flange
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2002/30535Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)

Abstract

膝プロテーゼは、大腿構成物(1)、脛骨構成物(3)およびそれらと結合する中間ピース(10)を備え、大腿構成物(1)とともに屈曲ベアリング(11)および脛骨構成物(3)とともに回転ベアリング(14,15)を形成し、回転ベアリング(14,15)は脛骨部(3)に係止可能である。外科医が作業中に回転フリープロテーゼまたは回転可能に固定したプロテーゼのどちらを使用するかを決定することを可能にし、中間ピース(10)は、脛骨構成物(4)の適合くぼみに係合する突起が選択的に設けられる。

Description

【技術分野】
【0001】
膝プロテーゼ(prosthesis)を装着予定である膝の靭帯器官の維持状態が悪いほど、プロテーゼにはより大きな特有の安定力が求められる。靭帯器官の安定力が不足している場合、安定化する中間部によって、大腿部構成物および脛骨構成物間の相対的動作を水平な横軸に関する屈曲動作および脛骨と実質的に平行な軸に関する回転動作に制限するプロテーゼタイプを用いる必要が生じるであろう(DE-C-2 744 740)。このため、靭帯器官がまだ少なくとも回転動作を制御可能であることが望ましい。制御能力も欠如した場合、回転動作を除外せねばならず、プロテーゼの自由度は屈曲動作に制限されなければならない。通常はこれら2つのケースの用途のために異なるプロテーゼ構造を用いる。作業中に回転フリーまたは回転可能に固定したプロテーゼの選択を決定する場合、構成物が部分的に交換可能であるプロテーゼシステムが使用でき、これは1つの大腿適合構成物と別の脛骨構成物を備える(EP-B-539 654)。最後に、両ケースで必要に応じて、回転動作を除外する固定デバイスが配置可能である回転フリーのプロテーゼを使用することはすでに提案されている(DE-A-2 636 816)。これは、骨に穴を開け回転ベアリングを移植した後に、回転ベアリングのぶれを防ぐために穴の中に固定ピンを導入することを意図している。これは明らかに実現不可能である。代わりに、固定ピンもまた回転軸ベアリングを介して単独でプロテーゼ内部に導入でき、そのぶれを防ぐことができる。この提案がこれまでに実用上採用されたかどうかは公開されていない。実際は、実用的に多くの障害がある。屈曲ヒンジ(flexion hinge)のみを含むプロテーゼに比べて、回転ベアリングを追加的に備えるプロテーゼを使用し、これを係止することは、比較的高価となることが1つの要因であろう。
【0002】
しかしながら、回転フリーおよび回転可能に固定したバージョン間での簡単な相互動作を決定できるプロテーゼを実用化する努力の過程で、本発明は後者の提案から出ており、請求項1の特徴によって本発明を実用面で適用する。したがって、大腿部構成物と脛骨構成物を結合し、脛骨構成物とともに回転ベアリングを形成する中間部は、脛骨構成物で適合するくぼみ内にはめ込む突起が設けられる。
【0003】
プロテーゼシステムは、突起ありまたは突起なしの選択的な中間部(または中間部の構成物)を備え、この突起は中間部(または中間部の構成物)に取り外し不可に結合されることによって、この概念は好都合に実現される。このように、大腿部構成物と脛骨構成物の両方を移植した後、外科医は、突起保有部を選択することにより、プロテーゼのどちらか1つのバージョンを決定したり、両方のバージョンを試みたりするという可能性が与えられる。この代わりに、選択的に突起と結合する結合デバイスに中間部(またはその構成物)を装着することもまた可能である。
【0004】
脛骨構成物が脛骨プラトー(plateau)を受容する少なくとも1つの凹部を備える支持プレートを有する場合、突起は都合よくこの凹部と共働するように設計する。この凹部をかなり大きく設計しているため、非常に安定した回転結合が可能になる。脛骨構成物はプロテーゼの両バージョンで調整なしで使用できる。本実施形態では、突起は、凹部に適合するプレートによって都合よく形成され、これはプレート自体および/または凹部の境界とともに脛骨プラトーの受容部のための切穴部(cutouts)を形成する。
【0005】
本発明を有益で実例に即した実施形態を図示した図面を参照しながら以下でより詳細に説明する。
【0006】
プロテーゼは、大腿骨内の移植のためのステム(stem)2を有する大腿構成物1および脛骨内の移植のためのステム4を有する脛骨構成物を備える。大腿構成物は脛骨プラトー6上にある翼状のランナー5を有し、これは滑りを促進し、脛骨構成物の支持プレート7によって支持される。2つの構成物を相互に安定させるために、中間ピース10を備え、大腿構成物とともに図1に軸ライン11として示すヒンジを形成する。図2は軸幹(axis stump)12を示し、これは中間ピース10から突出して大腿構成物1内のベアリング穴(図示せず)と共働する。それは中間部の穴13内に位置する。
【0007】
中間部10は、脛骨構成物とともに回転ベアリングをさらに形成し、具体的には中間部と一体的に結合され、脛骨構成物内のベアリング穴15に装着されるロッド14により形成する。ベアリング穴15は、プロテーゼのステム4と合致可能な脛骨の方向に対して実質的に平行に延長している。中間ピース10はさらに、大腿構成物と脛骨構成物間の相対的動作を、ヒンジ軸11回りの屈曲動作および回転ベアリング14、15の軸回りの回転動作に制限する。また、中間ピース10はカラー(collar)16を備え、脛骨プラトー6の段差17と共働することによって、脛骨構成物からの大腿構成物の不要な持ち上がりを防ぐ。
【0008】
脛骨プラトー6は、例えばポリエチレンで形成され、その上面は、回転する際に大腿構成物が脛骨構成物からわずかに持ち上がるように、既知の方法で成型され、そして伝わった負荷によりニュートラルな中央部へ戻そうとする回復力が発生する。
【0009】
脛骨プラトー6は、好ましくは全面にわたって支持プレート7で支持される。これは底面に、蹄鉄形の突起20を有し、その高さと外形は支持プレート7の蹄鉄形の凹部21の高さと外形に一致するように設計される。突起20と凹部21の相互関係によって、支持プレートの脛骨プラトーの正確な位置決めが確実になる。脛骨プラトーのねじ穴22を用いて、ねじ(図示せず)およびねじ付き穴23により脛骨プラトーを支持プレートの取り付け位置に固定できる。支持プレート7はねじ付き穴28を備え、係止プレート25をねじ穴29と対応する位置に設置する。該ねじ穴によって係止プレートを脛骨構成物に堅くねじで固定することができる。
【0010】
通常の実施形態における中間ピースは、図6に示す構造を有する。代わりに、通常の中間ピース10とは異なる図7の中間ピース10´を用いてもよく、これは係止プレート25に堅く結合し、係止プレートの外形は支持プレート7の凹部21の外形と正確に合致する。中間ピース10´は脛骨構成物3にはまり込んで、係止プレート25は実質的に完全に凹部21を埋める。その表面は、凹部21を囲む支持プレート7のエッジ24と同じ高さに位置する。これにより脛骨プラトー6´のための連続した平らな接触面を有することになる。正確な位置に脛骨プラトー6´を固定するために、通常の脛骨プラトー6の蹄鉄形の突起20に代わる突起20´が設けられ、係止プレート25の切穴部26にはまり込むように設計され、組み立てた状態で、突起20´は切穴部26と係合して、その結果、脛骨プラトーの位置を固定する。さらに、通常の脛骨プラトーのように、プラトーの穴22および係止プレートの穴27を貫通するねじによって、脛骨プラトーは支持プレート7のねじ付き穴23に固定できる。
【0011】
係止プレート25は、係止プレート25と中間ピースのヒンジ軸11間の間隔が、ランナー5およびプラトー6の高さにより規定したヒンジ軸11の位置と正確に一致する高さで、中間ピース10´に固定される。換言すれば、ランナー5およびプラトー6により設定された屈曲軸11が中間部10´の軸11´に正確に対応するようにしている。これにより大部分の負荷がランナー5および脛骨プラトー6の間の大面積接触を通じて前方に伝わることが確実になるであろう。中間ピースを通じて力が伝わらないことを望む場合は、係止プレート25を中間ピース10´に対して剛性でなく、しかしその代わりに軸方向に移動可能であるが回転不可能なように結合する。これは、例えば、カラー16に穴を設けて係止プレート25にロッド4と平行なピンを付与して、これらの穴を通じて案内することによって実現できる。係止プレート25は、中間ピース10´に対して軸方向に移動可能であるが、ピンおよび穴によって回転可能に固定した状態で中間ピース10´に結合される。
【0012】
本発明によって構成したプロテーゼのさらなる詳細は、同出願人が同時に出願したファイル管理番号:LINO515PEPおよびLINO516PEPの出願で見ることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【0013】
【図1】プロテーゼの背面図を示す。
【図2】中間部を備える脛骨構成物の斜視図を示す。
【図3】脛骨プラトーの斜視上面図を示す。
【図4】脛骨構成物の支持プレートの斜視図を示す。
【図5】通常の脛骨プラトーの斜視底面図を示す。
【図6】通常の中間部の斜視図を示す。
【図7】回転を防止する中間部の斜視図を示す。
【図8】回転を抑制するはめ込んだ中間部を有する脛骨構成物の斜視図を示す。
【図9】回転を防止する中間部との結合に用いる脛骨プラトーの斜視底面図を示す。

Claims (5)

  1. 大腿構成物(1)、脛骨構成物(3)およびそれらと結合する中間ピース(10,10´)を備え、大腿構成物とともに屈曲ベアリング(11)および脛骨構成物(3)とともに回転ベアリング(14,15)を形成し、回転ベアリング(14,15)は選択的に脛骨構成物(3)に係止可能である膝プロテーゼであって、中間ピース(10´)は、脛骨構成物の適合くぼみ(25)に係合する突起(25)が選択的に設けられることを特徴とする膝プロテーゼ。
  2. 突起(25)ありまたは突起なしの選択的な中間ピース(10,10´)が設けられ、突起は、中間ピース(10´)の1つに取り外し不可に結合していることを特徴とする請求項1記載の膝プロテーゼ。
  3. 中間部には、突起と選択的に結合する結合デバイスが装着されることを特徴とする請求項1記載の膝プロテーゼ。
  4. 脛骨構成物(3)は、脛骨プラトー(6)またはその一部を受容するための少なくとも1つの凹部(25)を備える支持プレート(7)を有し、突起(25)はこの凹部(21)と共働するように設計されていることを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の膝プロテーゼ。
  5. 突起(25)は、凹部(21)にはまり込んで、プレート自体および/または凹部(21)の境界とともに脛骨プラトー(6´)の受容部(20´)のための切穴部(26)を形成するプレートによって形成されていることを特徴とする請求項4記載の膝プロテーゼ。
JP2002582838A 2001-04-25 2002-04-15 回転ベアリングを備えた膝プロテーゼ Pending JP2004535853A (ja)

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