JP2004286008A - Cogeneration system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cogeneration system capable of substantializing further energy saving. <P>SOLUTION: The system is provided with a cogeneration device 1 for adjustably outputting electric power and heat, a hot water storage tank 2 for storing hot water heated by heat outputted from the cogeneration device 1, and an operation control means for controlling operation. The operation control means is structured to perform power load follow-up operation for adjusting output of the cogeneration device 1 so that the present power load can be covered, and to control successive power load and successive heat load. The operation control means is structured to perform output increasing operation for adjusting output of the cogeneration device 1 to the side of output bigger than the present power load during the target time period of a predetermined output increase when insufficiency of heat is predicted, by performing power load following operation in regard to the successive power load. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

The present invention provides a combined heat and power device capable of adjusting the output by outputting power and heat, a hot water storage tank for storing hot and cold water heated by the heat output from the combined heat and power device, and an operation for controlling operation. Control means are provided,
The operation control means relates to a cogeneration system configured to perform a power load following operation for adjusting an output of the cogeneration system so as to cover a current power load currently required.

  In the cogeneration system as described above, the cogeneration system is configured from a combination of an internal combustion engine or an external combustion engine and a generator, a fuel cell, or the like, and uses electric power output by the cogeneration system, By storing the heat output from the cogeneration device as hot water in a hot water storage tank, the power and heat output from the cogeneration device are used to save energy.

  In the cogeneration system as described above, conventionally, the operation control means performs a power load following operation for adjusting the output of the co-generation system so as to cover the current power load currently required, thereby obtaining the current power load. Hot water is stored in the hot water storage tank (for example, see Patent Document 1).

JP 2001-258293 A

However, in the above-mentioned conventional cogeneration system, although the operation control means can cover the current power load by performing the power load following operation, it does not correspond to the currently required current heat load. There is a possibility that a heat shortage state in which the heat load cannot be satisfied or a heat surplus state in which heat surpluses the current heat load may occur.
That is, for example, when the current power load is small and the current heat load is large, such as in winter, when the operation control means performs the power load follow-up operation, the heat output from the combined heat and power unit is small. The heat load cannot be covered, and a heat shortage state occurs.
Further, for example, in the case where the current power load is large and the current heat load is small, such as in summer, if the operation control means performs the power load follow-up operation, the heat output from the combined heat and power unit is large. Heat is excessive with respect to the heat load, and an excessive heat state occurs.

When the heat shortage occurs, the auxiliary heating means for heating the hot water when the hot water is not stored in the hot water storage tank is operated to cover the current heat load, so that the efficiency of the system is reduced. There is a risk of lowering.
In addition, when a surplus heat state occurs, excess heat for the current heat load is stored in the hot water storage tank, but the heat stored in the hot water storage tank is simply dissipated without being used. Efficiency will be reduced.

  The present invention has been made in view of such a point, and an object of the present invention is to provide a cogeneration system capable of realizing further energy saving.

A first characteristic configuration of the cogeneration system according to the present invention for achieving the above object is to provide a cogeneration system capable of adjusting the output by outputting power and heat, and a heat output from the cogeneration system. Hot water storage tank for storing hot and cold water, and operation control means for controlling the operation are provided,
The operation control means is a cogeneration system configured to perform a power load following operation for adjusting an output of the cogeneration system so as to cover a current power load that is currently required,
The operation control unit is configured to manage a time-series power load and a time-series heat load, and performs time-dependent operation by performing the power load following operation on the time-series power load. When a heat shortage state in which heat is insufficient for a sequential heat load is predicted, the output of the cogeneration system is adjusted to an output side larger than the current power load in a predetermined power increase target time zone. The point is that the power-up operation is performed.

That is, since the operation control unit manages the time-series power load and the time-series heat load, the operation control unit performs the power load following operation on the time-series power load, thereby It is possible to predict whether or not a heat shortage state in which heat is insufficient for a large heat load occurs.
Then, the operation control means performs a power load following operation on the time-series power load, and when a heat shortage state in which heat is insufficient for the time-series heat load is predicted, a predetermined Since the power increase operation is performed in the power increase target time zone, it is possible to output a larger amount of heat than the power load following operation.
Accordingly, the time-series heat load can be covered by the large heat output by performing the power-up operation, so that the occurrence of the heat shortage state can be suppressed.

  From the above, according to the first characteristic configuration, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of the heat shortage state, so that the operation of the auxiliary heating means for heating the hot water when the hot water is not stored in the hot water storage tank is required. As much as possible, it is possible to provide a cogeneration system capable of realizing further energy saving.

  According to a second feature configuration of the cogeneration system according to the present invention, in addition to the first feature configuration, the operation control unit sets a time-series power load and a time-series heat load within a set cycle. It is configured to be managed for each time zone, and is configured so that the set time zone in which the heat insufficiency state is predicted by performing the power load following operation is set as the output rise target time zone. is there.

  That is, since the operation control means manages the time-series power load and the time-series heat load for each set time zone within the set cycle, the operation control means operates in a state in which the power load following operation is assumed to be performed. Thus, it is possible to specify a set time zone in which a heat shortage state is predicted within the set cycle.

  Then, the operation control means sets a set time zone in which the heat shortage state is predicted by performing the power load following operation as an output increase target time zone, and in the output increase target time zone, regardless of the current power load, the output increase. The operation is performed to increase the output of the cogeneration system.

  Therefore, the operation control means can output the heat component deficient with respect to the chronological heat load from the cogeneration unit by performing the output increase operation in the set time zone in which the heat shortage state is predicted, The occurrence of the heat shortage state can be accurately suppressed.

  According to a third feature configuration of the cogeneration system according to the present invention, in addition to the first feature configuration, the operation control unit sets a time-series power load and a time-series heat load within a set cycle. It is configured to be managed for each time zone, and a set time zone before a set time zone in which the heat shortage state is predicted by performing the power load following operation is set as the output increase target time zone. It is in that being.

  That is, since the operation control means manages the time-series power load and the time-series heat load for each set time zone within the set cycle, the operation control means operates in a state in which the power load following operation is assumed to be performed. Thus, it is possible to specify a set time zone in which a heat shortage state is predicted within the set cycle.

  Then, the operation control means sets the set time zone before the set time zone in which the heat shortage state is predicted by performing the power load following operation as the power increase target time zone, and in the output increase target time zone, the current power load is Regardless, the output increase operation is performed to increase the output of the cogeneration system.

  Therefore, the operation control means performs the power-up operation in the set time period before the set time period in which the heat-insufficient state is predicted, thereby leading the lack of heat to the chronological heat load in advance of the hot water storage tank. And the occurrence of a heat-deficient state can be accurately suppressed.

  According to a fourth feature configuration of the cogeneration system according to the present invention, in addition to the third feature configuration, the operation control unit precedes an insufficient heat component with respect to a time-series heat load as the output increasing operation. So that one or a plurality of set time zones selected from those close to the set time zone in which the heat-deficient state is predicted are set as the output rise target time zones so as to be stored in the hot water storage tank. It is in.

  In other words, the operation control means assumes that the output of the co-generation system is increased to the maximum output or the like during the selected set time period as the output increasing operation, and the heat insufficiency with respect to the time-series thermal load is assumed. Select a set time zone from those that are earlier than the set time zone in which the heat-insufficient state is predicted and are close to the set time zone in which the heat-insufficient state is predicted so that the minutes are stored in the hot water storage tank in advance. One or a plurality of set time zones thus set are set as output increase target time zones, and in the output increase target time zone, the output of the cogeneration system is increased regardless of the current power load.

  Therefore, the operation control means performs the output increasing operation, and before the set time period in which the heat-insufficient state is predicted, the shortage heat component with respect to the time-series heat load is preceded in the hot water storage tank. The heat can be accumulated, and the occurrence of the heat shortage state can be accurately suppressed.

  According to a fifth feature configuration of the cogeneration system according to the present invention, in addition to the third feature configuration, the operation control unit is configured to control a time-series heat load before a set time zone in which the heat shortage state is predicted. In this case, when the excess heat state is not predicted, the earliest set time zone is set as the output rise target time zone.

  That is, since the operation control means manages the time-series power load and the time-series heat load for each set time zone within the set cycle, the operation control means operates in a state in which the power load following operation is assumed to be performed. In addition, it is possible to specify a set time zone in which a heat-insufficient state is predicted within a set cycle, and to specify whether or not a heat-insufficient state is predicted before the set time zone in which the heat-insufficient state is predicted. Become.

  The operation control means outputs the earliest set time zone, that is, the next set time zone, when the remaining heat state is not predicted before the set time zone in which the heat shortage state is predicted by performing the power load following operation. The target time zone is a rise target time zone. In the output rise target time zone, the output increase operation is performed to increase the output of the cogeneration system regardless of the current power load.

  Therefore, the operation control means performs the power-up operation in the earliest set time period when the remaining heat state is not predicted before the set time period in which the heat shortage state is predicted by performing the power load following operation, Insufficient heat for the time-series heat load can be stored in the hot water storage tank with a margin for a set time period in which the heat shortage is predicted, and the occurrence of the heat shortage state can be appropriately suppressed. You can do it.

  According to a sixth feature configuration of the cogeneration system according to the present invention, in addition to any one of the first to fifth feature configurations, the operation control unit predicts the heat shortage by performing the power load following operation. Even if it is, when the excess heat state is expected to be overheated for the time-series heat load by performing the power increase operation in the power increase target time zone, the power increase target time zone The point is that it is configured to prohibit the operation of increasing the output.

  That is, the operation control means performs the power load following operation, and when the remaining heat state is not predicted before the set time period in which the heat shortage state is predicted, the power increase target time period such as the earliest set time period is used. It is possible to specify whether or not a surplus heat state is predicted within the set cycle in a state where the output increase operation is assumed to be performed.

  When the power-up operation is performed to suppress the heat shortage state, a surplus heat state may occur in another set time zone, and the surplus heat is merely radiated, which hinders energy saving. There is a risk of doing so.

  Therefore, even when the remaining heat state is not predicted before the set time period in which the heat shortage state is predicted by performing the power load following operation, the operation control unit increases the output in the power increase target time period as described above. When the remaining heat state is predicted by performing the operation, the power increase operation is prohibited and the power load following operation is performed during the power increase target time zone.

  Therefore, the operation control unit can avoid the excessive heat due to the output increase operation for suppressing the heat shortage while suppressing the occurrence of the heat shortage.

  A seventh characteristic configuration of the cogeneration system according to the present invention is the cogeneration system according to any one of the first to sixth characteristic configurations, wherein the operation control unit is configured to switch between a minimum output and a maximum output in the output rising target time zone. When the current power load is larger than the power-up reference value set in (1), the power-up operation is performed in the power-up target time zone.

  That is, the operation control means adjusts the output of the combined heat and power supply so as to cover the current power load when the current power load is smaller than the reference value for power increase in the power increase target time zone, and When the current power load is larger than the value, an output increasing operation such as adjusting the output of the cogeneration system to the maximum output is performed.

When the current power load is smaller than the reference value for increasing the output, when the output of the cogeneration system is increased to the maximum output or the like, the power output from the cogeneration system greatly exceeds the current power load and a large surplus power is generated. This may cause the occurrence of energy saving, which may hinder energy saving.
However, when the current power load is smaller than the output increase reference value, the operation control means performs the power load follow-up operation, so that it is possible to suppress the generation of large surplus power, and to realize energy saving. Become.
Moreover, when the current power load is larger than the reference value for increasing the output, the operation control means increases, for example, the output of the cogeneration system to the maximum output or the like. Can be suppressed.
Therefore, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of the heat shortage state while suppressing the generation of the surplus power.

  According to an eighth aspect of the cogeneration system according to the present invention, in addition to any one of the first to seventh aspects, the operation control means outputs the output of the cogeneration system as the maximum output as the output increasing operation. The point is that it is configured to adjust.

  That is, since the operation control means adjusts the output of the co-generation system to the maximum output as the output increasing operation, it is possible to output as much heat as possible and suppress the occurrence of the heat shortage state.

  For example, the operation control means outputs the maximum output of the cogeneration system in the earliest set time period when the remaining heat state is not predicted before the set time period in which the heat shortage state is predicted by performing the power load following operation. In this way, sufficient heat can be stored in the hot water storage tank ahead of the set time period in which the heat shortage state is predicted, and the occurrence of the heat shortage state can be more accurately suppressed. Become.

  A ninth characteristic configuration of the cogeneration system according to the present invention, in addition to any one of the first to seventh characteristic configurations, wherein the operation control unit performs the output increasing operation with respect to a time-series heat load. The point is that the output of the cogeneration system is adjusted to an output larger than the current power load by a set amount for ascending set in accordance with the insufficient heat component.

That is, the operation control means adjusts the output of the cogeneration system to an output larger than the current power load by the set amount for the increase in the power increase target time period as the output increase operation, so that the operation control means responds to the change in the current power load. In this state, while adjusting the output of the heat and power supply device, the output of the heat and power supply device can be increased by the set amount for ascending as compared with the heat load following operation.
In addition, the set amount for ascending may be set as, for example, an amount obtained by increasing the set amount from 1 time to 2 times or from 2 times to 3 times as the amount of heat shortage with respect to the time-series heat load increases. It is possible to set an amount corresponding to a heat component that is insufficient for a sequential heat load.

  Therefore, while changing the output in accordance with the change in the current power load, it is possible to output heat that is larger than the time-series heat load by a set amount for ascending according to the shortage of heat. The occurrence of a heat shortage state can be suppressed while responding to the power load, and further, it is possible to suppress an excessively large amount of heat being output with respect to the shortage of heat, thereby suppressing a heat surplus state.

  According to a tenth characteristic configuration of the cogeneration system according to the present invention, in addition to any one of the first to seventh characteristic configurations, the operation control unit increases the output of the cogeneration system as the output increasing operation. It is configured to adjust to the setting output.

In other words, the operation control means adjusts the output of the co-generation system to the set output for increase in the power increase target time zone as the output increase operation, so that the current power load is set in the set time zone in which the heat shortage state is predicted. Irrespective of the above, the heat output from the cogeneration unit becomes the set output for raising.
In addition, the setting output for ascending is set, for example, so that the larger the heat component that is insufficient for the time-series heat load, the larger the output is set, and set according to the heat component that is insufficient for the time-series heat load. Will be able to do that.

  Therefore, by the easy control configuration of adjusting the output of the combined heat and power supply to the set output for increase, heat is output at the set output for increase set according to the shortage of heat for the time-series heat load. As a result, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of the heat shortage state while simplifying the configuration.

  An eleventh characteristic configuration of the cogeneration system according to the present invention is characterized in that, in addition to any one of the first to tenth characteristic configurations, the operation control unit includes a past time-series power load and a past time-series power load. The point is that it is configured to predict the heat shortage state from a typical heat load.

  That is, the actual heat load and heat load are predicted from the past time-series power load and heat load, and the power load following operation is performed so as to cover the predicted power load. Can be predicted whether or not the heat output from the combined heat and power supply is insufficient.

  According to a twelfth characteristic configuration of the cogeneration system according to the present invention, in addition to the eleventh characteristic configuration, the operation control unit determines that a deviation between an actual integrated value of an actual heat load and a past integrated value of a past heat load is different. If the actual integrated value is outside the set range and the actual integrated value is larger than the past integrated value by an allowable value or more, it is configured to prohibit performing the output increase operation in the output increase target time zone. On the point.

  That is, if the deviation between the past integrated value of the heat load and the actual integrated value is out of the setting range and the actual integrated value is larger than the past integrated value by an allowable value or more, the operation control unit Assuming that there was a heat load ahead of the time zone in which the state is predicted, it is possible to prohibit the power increase operation even during the power increase target time zone, thereby avoiding unnecessary power increase operation. .

  According to a thirteenth characteristic configuration of the cogeneration system according to the present invention, in addition to the eleventh or twelfth characteristic configuration, the operation control means includes a control unit that calculates an actual integrated value of an actual heat load and a past integrated value of a past heat load. When the deviation is out of the set range and the past integrated value is larger than the actual integrated value by an allowable value or more, the power increase target time zone is configured to be delayed by a predetermined time.

  That is, if the deviation between the past integrated value of the heat load and the actual integrated value is outside the set range and the past integrated value is larger than the actual integrated value by an allowable value or more, the operation control unit Assuming that there is a heat load behind the time zone in which the state is predicted, the power increase target time zone in which the power increase operation is performed is delayed for a predetermined time, and the power increase operation is performed as soon as possible before the time zone in which the heat becomes insufficient. By doing so, it is possible to accurately suppress the occurrence of the heat shortage state.

A fourteenth feature of the cogeneration system according to the present invention includes, in addition to the first feature, an auxiliary heating unit that generates insufficient heat.
The operation control means is configured to predict the heat shortage state from the operation state of the auxiliary heating means as the time-series heat load.

  That is, the operation control unit can predict a heat-insufficient state from the operation state of the auxiliary heating unit.For example, when the integrated value of the hot water supply amount in the state where the auxiliary heating unit is activated is equal to or greater than the set value, Output lowering operation can be performed.

A fifteenth characteristic configuration of the cogeneration system according to the present invention for achieving the above object is to provide a cogeneration system capable of adjusting the output by outputting electric power and heat, and a heat output from the cogeneration system. Hot water storage tank for storing hot and cold water, and operation control means for controlling the operation are provided,
The operation control means is a cogeneration system configured to perform a power load following operation for adjusting an output of the cogeneration system so as to cover a current power load that is currently required,
The operation control unit is configured to manage a time-series power load and a time-series heat load, and performs time-dependent operation by performing the power load following operation on the time-series power load. If a heat surplus state in which heat is excessive for a sequential heat load is predicted, an output for adjusting the output of the cogeneration system to an output side smaller than the current power load in a predetermined output fall target time zone. It is configured to perform a descent operation.

That is, since the operation control unit manages the time-series power load and the time-series heat load, the operation control unit performs the power load following operation on the time-series power load, thereby Thus, it is possible to predict whether or not a heat surplus state in which heat surplus occurs for a large heat load.
The operation control means performs a power load following operation on the time-series power load, and when a surplus heat state in which the heat is excessive with respect to the time-series heat load is predicted, a predetermined output Since the output descent operation is performed in the descent and rise target time zone, it is possible to output less heat than when performing the power load following operation.
Therefore, by performing the output lowering operation, it is possible to prevent excess heat from being output with respect to the chronological heat load, so that it is possible to suppress the occurrence of the excess heat state.

  From the above, according to the fifteenth characteristic configuration, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of the surplus heat state, so that it is possible to avoid as much as possible that the heat stored in the hot water storage tank merely radiates heat. Thus, a cogeneration system capable of realizing further energy saving can be provided.

  According to a sixteenth feature of the cogeneration system according to the present invention, in addition to the fifteenth feature, the operation control means sets a time-series power load and a time-series heat load within a set cycle. It is configured to be managed for each time zone, and is configured so that the set time zone in which the remaining heat state is predicted by performing the power load following operation is the output fall target time zone. is there.

  That is, since the operation control means manages the time-series power load and the time-series heat load for each set time zone within the set cycle, the operation control means operates in a state in which the power load following operation is assumed to be performed. Thus, it is possible to specify a set time zone in which the remaining heat state is predicted within the set cycle.

  Then, the operation control means sets a set time zone in which the remaining heat state is predicted by performing the power load following operation as an output decrease target time zone, and in the output decrease target time zone, regardless of the current power load, the output decrease. The operation is performed to lower the output of the cogeneration system.

  Therefore, the operation control means can prevent the excessive output of heat with respect to the time-series heat load by performing the output lowering operation during the set time period in which the remaining heat state is predicted, so The occurrence of a surplus state can be suppressed.

  According to a seventeenth feature configuration of the cogeneration system according to the present invention, in addition to the fifteenth feature configuration, the operation control unit sets a time-series power load and a time-series heat load within a set cycle. It is configured to be managed for each time zone, and configured such that a set time zone before a set time zone in which the remaining heat state is predicted by performing the power load following operation is set as the output fall target time zone. It is in that being.

  That is, since the operation control means manages the time-series power load and the time-series heat load for each set time zone within the set cycle, the operation control means operates in a state in which the power load following operation is assumed to be performed. Thus, it is possible to specify a set time zone in which the remaining heat state is predicted within the set cycle.

  Then, the operation control means performs the output lowering operation regardless of the current power load in the set time zone before the set time zone in which the remaining heat state is predicted by performing the power load following operation, and performs the output of the cogeneration system. Will be lowered.

  Therefore, the operation control means performs the output lowering operation in the set time zone before the set time zone in which the surplus heat state is predicted by performing the power load following operation, so that the operation control means performs the output time before the set time zone in which the surplus heat state is predicted. In addition, the amount of heat stored in the hot water storage tank can be reduced, and the occurrence of a surplus heat state can be accurately suppressed.

  An eighteenth characteristic configuration of the cogeneration system according to the present invention, in addition to the seventeenth characteristic configuration, wherein the operation control unit performs a time-series heat load before a set time period in which the remaining heat state is predicted. In this case, when the heat-deficient state in which heat is insufficient is not predicted, the earliest set time zone is set as the output decrease target time zone.

  That is, since the operation control means manages the time-series power load and the time-series heat load for each set time zone within the set cycle, the operation control means operates in a state in which the power load following operation is assumed to be performed. In addition, it is possible to specify a set time period in which the remaining heat state is predicted within the set period, and to specify whether a heat shortage state is predicted before the set time period in which the remaining heat state is predicted. Become.

  The operation control unit outputs the earliest set time zone, that is, the next set time zone, when the heat shortage state is not predicted before the set time zone in which the surplus heat state is predicted by performing the power load following operation. In the target time zone for output decrease, the output lowering operation is performed to lower the output of the cogeneration system regardless of the current power load in the target time zone for output decrease.

  Therefore, the operation control means, by performing the power load following operation, if the heat shortage state is not predicted before the set time zone in which the surplus heat state is predicted, by performing the output descent operation in the earliest set time zone, The amount of heat stored in the hot water storage tank can be reduced with a margin, and the occurrence of a surplus heat state can be suppressed appropriately.

  According to a nineteenth feature of the cogeneration system according to the present invention, in addition to any one of the fourteenth to eighteenth features, the operation control unit predicts the remaining heat by performing the power load following operation. Even in the case where a power shortage state in which heat is insufficient for a chronological heat load is predicted by performing the power lowering operation in the power lowering target time zone, the power lowering operation is performed in the power lowering target time zone. The point is that it is configured to prohibit performing the output descent operation.

  That is, the operation control means performs the power load following operation, when the heat shortage state is not predicted before the set time period in which the surplus heat state is predicted, the output decrease target time period such as the earliest set time period. It is possible to specify whether or not a heat-insufficient state is predicted within the set cycle in a state where the output lowering operation is assumed to be performed.

  When the output lowering operation is performed to suppress the excessive heat state, a heat shortage state may occur in another set time zone, and when the hot water is not stored in the hot water storage tank, the hot water is heated. When the auxiliary heating means is operated, energy saving may be hindered.

  Therefore, even when the heat insufficiency state is not predicted before the set time period in which the surplus heat state is predicted by performing the power load following operation, the operation control means performs the power reduction in the power reduction target time period as described above. When the heat shortage state is predicted by performing the operation, the power reduction operation is prohibited and the power load following operation is performed during the output reduction target time zone.

  Therefore, the operation control means can prevent the heat shortage due to the output lowering operation for suppressing the surplus heat while suppressing the generation of the surplus heat.

  According to a twentieth feature configuration of the cogeneration system according to the present invention, in addition to any one of the fifteenth to nineteenth feature configurations, the operation control unit may further include: When the current power load is smaller than the output lowering reference value set in (1), the output lowering operation is performed in the output lowering target time zone.

  In other words, the operation control means adjusts the output of the co-generation system so as to cover the current power load when the current power load is larger than the output decrease reference value in the output decrease target time zone, and outputs the output decrease reference value. When the current power load is smaller than that, the output lowering operation such as adjusting the output of the cogeneration system to the minimum output is performed.

When the current power load is larger than the output lowering reference value, if the output of the cogeneration system is lowered to the minimum output, etc., the power output from the cogeneration system falls significantly below the current power load, and The current power load cannot be covered by the power output from the device, which may hinder energy saving.
However, when the current power load is larger than the output lowering reference value, the operation control means performs the power load following operation, so that the current power load can be covered, and energy saving can be realized.
Moreover, when the current power load is smaller than the output lowering reference value, the operation controller lowers the output of the co-generation system, so that the operation control means outputs as little heat as possible to suppress the occurrence of the surplus heat state. Can be done.
Therefore, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of the excessive heat state while covering the current power load as much as possible.

  According to a twenty-first feature configuration of the cogeneration system according to the present invention, in addition to any one of the fifteenth to twentieth feature configurations, the operation control unit sets the output of the cogeneration system to a minimum output as the output descending operation. The point is that it is configured to adjust.

  That is, since the operation control means adjusts the output of the co-generation system to the minimum output as the output decreasing operation, it is possible to output as little heat as possible and to suppress the occurrence of a surplus heat state.

  For example, the operation control means outputs the minimum output of the cogeneration system in the earliest set time period when the heat shortage state is not predicted before the set time period in which the surplus heat state is predicted by performing the power load following operation. Before the set time period in which the surplus heat state is predicted, the heat output from the combined heat and power unit can be minimized in advance, and the occurrence of the surplus heat state can be more appropriately suppressed. Can be done.

  According to a twenty-second feature configuration of the cogeneration system according to the present invention, in addition to the feature configuration of any one of the fifteenth to twentieth features, the operation control unit performs the output descending operation with respect to a time-series heat load. The point is that the output of the cogeneration system is adjusted to an output smaller than the current power load by a set amount for descent set according to the surplus heat.

In other words, the operation control means adjusts the output of the cogeneration system to an output smaller than the current power load by the set amount for descent in the output descent target time zone as the output descent operation, so that the operation control means responds to the change in the current power load. While adjusting the output of the cogeneration system in this state, the output of the cogeneration system can be made smaller by the set amount for descent than in the heat load following operation.
Further, the set amount for descent is, for example, an amount obtained by increasing the set amount from 1 time to 2 times or from 2 times to 3 times as the amount of heat surplus with respect to the time-series heat load increases. Thus, the amount corresponding to the excess heat for a typical heat load can be set.

  Therefore, while changing the output according to the change in the current power load, it is possible to output heat smaller by the set amount for descent according to the surplus heat component with respect to the time-series heat load. It is possible to suppress the occurrence of the excess heat state while responding to the load.

  According to a twenty-third characteristic configuration of the cogeneration system according to the present invention, in addition to any one of the fifteenth to twentieth characteristic configurations, the operation control means may reduce the output of the cogeneration system as the output lowering operation. It is configured to adjust to the setting output.

That is, the operation control means adjusts the output of the combined heat and power supply to the set output for lowering in the output lowering target time zone as the output lowering operation. The heat output from the co-feeding device becomes the set output for lowering.
In addition, the setting output for descending, for example, is set to a smaller output as the excess heat component with respect to the time-series heat load is larger, and is set according to the excess heat component with respect to the time-series heat load. Can be done.

  Therefore, the heat can be output at the set output for lowering which is set according to the surplus heat with respect to the time-series heat load, by the simple control configuration of adjusting the output of the cogeneration system to the set output for lowering. As a result, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of the excess heat state while simplifying the configuration.

  According to a twenty-fourth feature configuration of the cogeneration system according to the present invention, in addition to the fifteenth feature configuration, the operation control unit sets a time-series power load and a time-series heat load within a set cycle. It is configured to be managed for each time zone, and as the output lowering operation, the operation of the cogeneration system is stopped in a set time zone in which a time-series power load is smaller than a stop set value. It is in that being.

That is, since the operation control means manages the time-series power load and the time-series heat load for each set time period within the set cycle, the time-series power load is controlled within the set cycle. A set time zone smaller than the stop set value can be specified.
Then, the operation control means stops the operation of the combined heat and power device in the set time period in which the time-series power load is smaller than the stop set value as the output decreasing operation. In a set time zone smaller than the set value, neither power nor heat is output.

  Therefore, for example, when the user goes to bed, if there is a set time zone in which the time-series power load is smaller than the stop set value, the co-generation device is not operated in the set time zone, The generation of the surplus heat state can be accurately suppressed, and the generation of the surplus power can be suppressed.

  According to a twenty-fifth feature configuration of the cogeneration system according to the present invention, in addition to the fifteenth feature configuration, the operation control unit sets a time-series power load and a time-series heat load within a set cycle. The point is that the operation is controlled for each time zone, and the operation of the cogeneration system is stopped in all set time zones within a set cycle as the output lowering operation.

That is, the operation control means stops the operation of the co-generation system in all the set time zones in the set cycle as the output decreasing operation, so that both the power and the heat are output in all the set time zones in the set cycle. Never.
Therefore, for example, when the heat load becomes extremely small, for example, in summer, it is not necessary to operate the cogeneration system in all the set time periods within the set cycle, and to appropriately suppress the occurrence of the surplus heat state. Can be done.

  According to a twenty-sixth feature configuration of the cogeneration system according to the present invention, in addition to any one of the fifteenth to twenty-fifth features, the operation control unit includes a past time-series power load and a past time-series power load. In that it is configured to predict the remaining heat state from a typical heat load.

  That is, the actual heat load and heat load are predicted from the past time-series power load and heat load, and the power load following operation is performed so as to cover the predicted power load. , It can be predicted whether or not the heat output from the combined heat and power supply device remains.

  According to a twenty-seventh characteristic configuration of the cogeneration system according to the present invention, in addition to the twenty-sixth characteristic configuration, the operation control means may determine whether a deviation between an actual integrated value of an actual heat load and a past integrated value of a past heat load is different. If the actual integrated value is outside the set range and the actual integrated value is larger than the past integrated value by an allowable value or more, the output decrease target time zone is extended.

  That is, if the deviation between the past integrated value of the heat load and the actual integrated value is outside the set range, and the actual integrated value is larger than the past integrated value by an allowable value or more, the operation control unit Assuming that the heat load is earlier than the time zone in which the state is predicted, the output lowering target time zone in which the output lowering operation is performed is extended, and the occurrence of the surplus heat state can be accurately suppressed.

  According to a twenty-eighth feature configuration of the cogeneration system according to the present invention, in addition to the twenty-sixth feature or the twenty-seventh feature configuration, the operation control means includes a control unit configured to calculate an actual integrated value of an actual heat load and a past integrated value of a past heat load. If the deviation is out of the set range and the past integrated value is larger than the actual integrated value by an allowable value or more, the output fall target time zone is configured to be delayed by a predetermined time.

  That is, if the deviation between the past integrated value of the heat load and the actual integrated value is out of the set range and the past integrated value is larger than the actual integrated value by an allowable value or more, the operation control unit Assuming that there is a heat load later than the time zone in which the state is predicted, the power increase target time zone in which the output lowering operation is performed is delayed for a predetermined time, and the output lowering operation is performed immediately before the time zone in which the excess heat state is achieved as much as possible. By doing so, it is possible to accurately suppress the occurrence of the excessive heat state.

A twenty-ninth characteristic configuration of the cogeneration system according to the present invention includes, in addition to the fifteenth characteristic configuration, a radiator that radiates excess heat,
The operation control means is configured to predict the surplus heat state from the operation state of the radiator as the time-series heat load.

  That is, the operation control unit can predict the surplus heat state from the operation state of the radiator.For example, when the integrated value of the heat release amount in the state in which the radiator is operated becomes equal to or greater than the set value, the output decrease operation is performed. It can be carried out.

  According to a thirtieth characteristic configuration of the cogeneration system according to the present invention, in addition to the first to twenty-ninth characteristic configurations, the operation control means sets a time-series power load and a time-series heat load within a set cycle. Is set so as to be managed for each set time zone, and the set cycle is set to one day.

  In other words, the operation control means manages the time-series power load and the time-series heat load for each set time period in one day, which is the set cycle, so that, for example, the set cycle is set to one week. However, since the amount of information to be managed is reduced, the memory capacity can be reduced, and one unit of the user's life pattern is often one day, the state corresponding to the user's life pattern Thus, a time-series power load and a time-series heat load can be managed.

In addition, for example, in cooperation with the twenty-fourth characteristic configuration, the operation control unit causes the operation of the combined heat and power supply device to operate during a set time period in which the time-series power load is smaller than the stop set value within one day. Since the operation is stopped, the stop set value is set so that the number of times of stopping the operation of the cogeneration system during one day is reduced once (for example, at midnight), and the operation of the cogeneration system is stopped. The number of stoppages can be reduced as much as possible.
Further, the operation control means with the twenty-fifth characteristic configuration stops the operation of the cogeneration system all day.

  Therefore, the number of times that the operation of the cogeneration system is stopped in one day can be reduced as much as possible, so that the operation of the cogeneration system can be prevented from being stopped frequently, and a decrease in the efficiency of the system is suppressed. Will be able to do that.

  According to a thirty-first feature configuration of the cogeneration system according to the present invention, in addition to any one of the first to thirty feature configurations, in the power load following operation, the operation control means may be in a range of a minimum output to a maximum output. In this case, the output of the cogeneration system is adjusted according to the current power load.

That is, if the current power load is in the range from the minimum output to the maximum output, the operation control means can adjust the output of the cogeneration system to the same or almost the same output as the current power load can cover. Therefore, it is possible to adjust the output of the cogeneration system in a state where the current power load is not excessively small or short.
Therefore, an output that can cover the current power load can be output as much as possible without excess or shortage, and the current power load can be accurately covered.

A cogeneration system according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[First Embodiment]
As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the cogeneration system collects heat output from the fuel cell 1 as a heat and power supply device using cooling water, and uses the cooling water. A hot water storage unit 4 for storing hot water in the hot water storage tank 2 and supplying a heat medium to the heat consuming terminal 3, and an operation control unit 5 as operation control means for controlling the operation of the fuel cell 1 and the hot water storage unit 4. ing.

The fuel cell 1 is configured to output electric power and heat to adjust its output, and an output side of the fuel cell 1 is provided with an inverter 6 for system linking. 1 is configured to have the same voltage and the same frequency as the power supplied from the commercial system 7.
The commercial system 7 is, for example, a single-phase three-wire 100/200 V, and is electrically connected to a power load 9 such as a television, a refrigerator, and a washing machine via a commercial power supply line 8.
The inverter 6 is electrically connected to the commercial power supply line 8 via the cogeneration supply line 10, and the power generated from the fuel cell 1 is supplied to the power load 9 via the inverter 6 and the cogeneration supply line 10. It is configured to supply.

The commercial power supply line 8 is provided with a power load measuring means 11 for measuring the load power of the power load 9. The power load measuring means 11 generates a reverse power flow in the current flowing through the commercial power supply line 8. It is also configured to detect whether or not to perform.
Then, the power supplied from the fuel cell 1 to the commercial power supply line 8 is controlled by the inverter 6 so that the reverse power flow does not occur, and the surplus power of the generated power is recovered by replacing the surplus power with heat. It is configured to be supplied to the heater 12.

The electric heater 12 is composed of a plurality of electric heaters, is provided so as to heat the cooling water of the fuel cell 1 flowing through the cooling water circulation path 13 by the operation of the cooling water circulation pump 15, and is connected to the output side of the inverter 6. ON / OFF is switched by the activated operation switch 14.
The operation switch 14 is configured to adjust the power consumption of the electric heater 12 according to the magnitude of the surplus power so that the power consumption of the electric heater 12 increases as the magnitude of the surplus power increases. I have.

  The hot water storage unit 4 includes a hot water storage tank 2 for storing hot water in a state where a temperature stratification is formed, a hot water circulation pump 17 that circulates hot water in the hot water storage tank 2 through a hot water circulation path 16, and a hot water supply water through a heat source circulation path 20. A heat source circulation pump 21 for circulation, a heat medium circulation pump 23 for circulating and supplying a heat medium to the heat consuming terminal 3 through a heat medium circulation path 22, a hot water storage heat exchanger 24 for heating hot water flowing through the hot water circulation path 16, The heat source heat exchanger 25 for heating the hot water flowing through the heat source circulation path 20, the heat medium heating heat exchanger 26 for heating the heat medium flowing through the heat medium circulation path 22, and the fan 27 are operated. And an auxiliary heating heat exchanger 29 for heating the hot and cold water taken out of the hot water storage tank 2 by the combustion of the burner 28 and the hot and cold water flowing through the heat source circulation path 20. .

The hot water circulation path 16 is branched and connected so that a part thereof is in parallel, a three-way valve 18 is provided at the connection point, and a radiator 19 is provided in one of the branched flow paths. I have.
By switching the three-way valve 18, the hot water taken out from the lower part of the hot water storage tank 2 is circulated so as to pass through the radiator 19, and the hot water taken out from the lower part of the hot water storage tank 2 is circulated so as to bypass the radiator 19. It is configured to switch to a state in which the

The heat exchanger 24 for hot water storage is configured to heat the hot water flowing through the hot water circulation path 16 by flowing the cooling water in the cooling water circulation path 15 from which the heat output from the fuel cell 1 is recovered. Have been.
In the heat source heat exchanger 25, the heat output from the fuel cell 1 is recovered, and the cooling water in the cooling water circulation path 15 is passed through the cooling water circulation path 15 to heat the hot water for the heat source flowing through the heat source circulation path 20. It is configured to be.
The auxiliary heating means M includes a fan 27, a burner 28, and a heat exchanger 29 for auxiliary heating.
Further, the heat source circulation path 20 is provided with a heat source intermittent valve 40 for intermitting the flow of the hot water for the heat source.

The cooling water circulation path 15 is branched into a hot water storage heat exchanger 24 side and a heat source heat exchanger 25 side, and at the branch point, the flow rate of the cooling water flowing through the hot water storage heat exchanger 24 side and the heat source A diverter valve 30 is provided for adjusting the ratio of the flow rate of the cooling water flowing to the heat exchanger 25 side.
The flow dividing valve 30 allows the entire amount of the cooling water in the cooling water circulation path 15 to flow to the hot water storage heat exchanger 24 side, or allows the entire cooling water in the cooling water circulation path 15 to flow to the heat source heat exchanger 25 side. It is configured so that it can be performed.

In the heat exchanger 26 for heating a heat medium, the hot water for heat source heated by the heat exchanger 25 for a heat source and the heat exchanger 29 for an auxiliary heating flow, thereby flowing through the heat medium circulation path 22. The heating medium is configured to be heated.
The heat consuming terminal 3 is configured by a heating terminal such as a floor heating device or a bathroom heating device.

  Further, hot water supply load measuring means 31 for measuring hot water supply heat load when hot water is taken out of hot water storage tank 2 is provided, and terminal heat load measuring means 32 for measuring terminal heat load at heat consuming terminal 3 is also provided. ing.

  The operation control unit 5 controls the operation of the fuel cell 1 and the operation state of the cooling water circulation pump 15 in a state where the cooling water circulation pump 15 is operated during the operation of the fuel cell 1. By controlling the operating states of the circulation pump 21 and the heat medium circulation pump 23, a hot water storage operation for storing hot water in the hot water storage tank 2 and a heat medium supply operation for supplying a heat medium to the heat consuming terminal 3 are performed. Have been.

Incidentally, when hot water is supplied, hot water taken out of the hot water storage tank 2 is supplied while the heat source intermittent valve 40 is closed, and the hot water taken out of the hot water storage tank 2 is heated by the auxiliary heating means M, The water is mixed with the hot water taken out of the hot water storage tank 2 to supply hot water having a hot water set temperature set by a remote controller (not shown).
Therefore, hot water is stored in hot water storage tank 2 within a range of capacity of hot water storage tank 2 by subtracting hot water taken out for hot water supply from hot water added according to the output of fuel cell 1. become.

First, control of the operation of the fuel cell 1 by the operation control unit 5 will be described.
The operation control unit 5 performs a power load following operation that adjusts the output of the fuel cell 1 so as to cover the current power load that is currently required. In the power load following operation, a minimum output (for example, 250 W) is used. The output of the fuel cell 1 is adjusted according to the current power load within the range of the maximum output (for example, 1 kW).

In addition, the operation control unit 5 obtains the current power load based on the measurement value of the power load measurement unit 11 and the output value of the inverter 6 and is smaller than the current power load by α (for example, 100 W). The output of the fuel cell 1 is adjusted so that the output is obtained.
For example, as shown in FIG. 3, when the current power load changes with time, the output of the fuel cell 1 is changed according to the change in the current power load at an output smaller by α (for example, 100 W) than the current power load. The output is adjusted.
Incidentally, the operation control unit 5 is configured to change the output of the fuel cell 1 based on the average value of the current power load for a set time period (for example, 5 minutes).

The operation control unit 5 is configured to manage the time-series power load and the time-series heat load, and performs the power load following operation on the time-series power load. When a heat shortage state in which heat is insufficient for a time-series heat load is predicted, the output of the fuel cell 1 is adjusted to an output side larger than the current power load in a predetermined power increase target time zone. It is configured to perform a power-up operation.
In addition, the operation control unit 5 performs the power load following operation on the time-series power load, and when a surplus heat state in which the heat is excessive with respect to the time-series heat load is predicted, the operation control unit 5 performs the predetermined operation. In the output decrease target time zone, the output decrease operation for adjusting the output of the fuel cell 1 to the output side smaller than the current power load is performed.

Incidentally, the heat-insufficient state is, for example, a state in which hot water is not stored in the hot-water storage tank 2 and the state in which the auxiliary heating means M is activated, or only heat output from the fuel cell 1 during the heat medium supply operation. The terminal thermal load required by the consuming terminal 3 cannot be covered.
The surplus heat state is, for example, a state where the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 2 is full and the radiator 19 is operated, or heat output from the fuel cell 1 during the heat medium supply operation is heat consumption. The hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 2 is full, larger than the terminal heat load required by the terminal 3, and the radiator 19 is operated.

First, a configuration for managing a time-series power load and a time-series heat load will be described.
The operation control unit 5 sets, for example, a set cycle to one day, a set time zone to one hour, a heat load as a hot water supply heat load and a terminal heat load, an actual power load per set time zone, an actual hot water heat load, Each of the actual terminal heat loads is measured by the output value of the electric power load measuring means 11 and the inverter 6, the hot water supply heat load measuring means 31, and the terminal heat load measuring means 32.
Then, the operation control unit 5 stores the output values of the power load measuring unit 11 and the inverter 6, the values measured by the hot water supply heat load measuring unit 31, and the values measured by the terminal heat load measuring unit 32 in a time-series manner. It is configured to manage various power loads and time-series heat loads for each set time zone within a set cycle.
In addition, when updating the time-series power load and the time-series heat load according to the actual use status, the operation control unit 5 determines the output value of the power load measurement unit 11 and the inverter 6 and the hot water supply heat load. The value measured by the measuring means 31 and the terminal heat load measuring means 32 is added to a value already stored at a predetermined ratio, and the added value is stored.

Next, the prediction of the heat shortage state and the heat surplus state will be described.
The operation control unit 5 controls the time-series power load and the time-series heat load for each set time zone within the set cycle based on the managed time-series power load and time-series heat load. It is configured to predict.
For example, if the setting cycle is one day and the setting time zone is one hour, an explanation will be added. As shown in FIG. 4, as shown in FIG. We try to predict if there is a heat load.
Then, the operation control unit 5 assumes that the power load following operation is performed so as to cover the predicted time-series power load, and the heat output from the fuel cell 1 uses the predicted time-series power. The set time zone in which the heat is insufficient for the heat load is specified as the set time zone in which the heat insufficiency state is predicted, and the heat output from the fuel cell 1 generates heat for the predicted time-series heat load. The remaining set time zone is specified as the set time zone in which the remaining heat state is predicted.

In the example shown in FIG. 4, 0:00 to 6:00 is treated as a special time zone as a midnight time zone, and a set time zone or a surplus heat state in which a heat shortage state is predicted from the set time zone excluding the midnight time zone. Is set to specify a set time zone in which is predicted.
In the example shown in FIG. 4, the set time zone from 20:00 to 22:00 is specified as the set time zone T1 in which the heat insufficiency state is predicted, and the set time zone from 7:00 to 12:00 and from 13:00. The set time zone up to 18:00 is specified as the set time zone T2 in which the remaining heat state is predicted.

  Incidentally, with respect to the set time zone T2 in which the remaining heat state is predicted, the midnight time zone may be specified as the set time zone T2 in which the remaining heat state is predicted. It is also possible to specify the time zone in which the heat load is not predicted as the set time zone T2 in which the remaining heat state is predicted.

  In addition to the description of the output increasing operation, the operation control unit 5 sets the heat-insufficient state in the hot-water storage tank 2 in advance so as to store the insufficient heat for the time-series heat load. One or more set time zones selected from those earlier than the zone and close to the set time zone in which the heat-deficient state is predicted are set as the power increase target time zone, and in the output increase target time zone, the output increase operation is performed. The output of the fuel cell 1 is adjusted to the maximum output.

In addition to the explanation, while calculating the heat component that is insufficient for the chronological heat load predicted in the set time zone in which the heat shortage condition is predicted, and before the set time zone in which the heat shortage condition is predicted, In a state in which the power increase target time zone is selected from those near the set time zone in which the heat-insufficient state is predicted, the output of the fuel cell 1 is adjusted to the maximum output during the selected power increase target time zone. First, a heat component that can be stored in the hot water storage tank 2 in advance is obtained.
Until the amount of heat that can be stored in the hot water storage tank 2 in advance reaches the insufficient amount of heat, the selection of the power increase target time period is repeated, and the amount of heat insufficient for the chronological heat load is preceded. One or more set time zones are selected as the output rise target time zones so that the hot water can be stored in the hot water storage tank 2.

  In the example shown in FIG. 4, the heat that can be stored in the hot water storage tank 2 in advance just by selecting the set time zone immediately before the set time zone T <b> 1 in which the heat shortage state is predicted as the output rise target time zone. Since the heat component does not reach the insufficient heat component, by setting the set time zone one before and two before the set time zone T1 in which the heat shortage state is predicted as the output rise target time zone, This shows a case in which the amount of heat that can be stored in the hot water storage tank 2 in advance reaches the shortage of heat, and two set time zones from 18:00 to 20:00 are selected as output increase target time zones. The set time zone T3 is set.

  Then, as shown in FIG. 5A, when the current power load changes over time, the operation control unit 5 covers the current power load in a time zone other than the selection set time zone T3. , The output of the fuel cell 1 is adjusted, and the selected set time zone T3 is set as an output increase target time zone. In the output increase target time zone, the output of the fuel cell 1 is adjusted to the maximum output regardless of the current power load. It is configured as follows.

  Note that the output increasing operation may be performed not in a time zone close to the set time zone in which the heat-insufficient state is predicted but in an arbitrary set time zone before the set time zone in which the heat-insufficient state is predicted. For example, the set time zone two or more before the set time zone in which the heat deficiency state is predicted is set as the power increase target time zone, and the power increase operation is performed in the output increase target time zone, so that the time series is increased. Insufficient heat with respect to a specific heat load can be stored in the hot water storage tank 2 with a margin for a set time period in which the heat shortage is predicted.

To explain the output lowering operation, the operation control unit 5 sets the set time zone T2 in which the remaining heat state is predicted as the output lowering target time zone, and sets the fuel cell 1 as the output lowering operation in the output lowering target time zone. Is adjusted to the minimum output.
In addition, as shown in (b) of FIG. 5, when the current power load changes with time, the operation control unit 5 sets the operation control unit 5 in a time zone other than the set time zone T2 in which the remaining heat state is predicted. Adjusts the output of the fuel cell 1 so as to cover the current power load, sets the set time zone T2 in which the remaining heat state is predicted to be the output decrease target time zone, and sets the current power load in the output decrease target time zone. Regardless, the output of the fuel cell 1 is adjusted to the minimum output.

  Note that the output lowering operation may be performed not in the set time zone in which the surplus heat state is predicted but in an arbitrary set time zone before the set time zone in which the extra heat state is predicted. For example, by setting a set time zone earlier than the set time zone in which the remaining heat state is predicted as the output lowering target time zone, and performing the output lowering operation in the output lowering target time zone, the time series is reduced. The amount of heat stored in the hot water storage tank 2 can be reduced with a margin for the amount of heat surplus to the heat load.

  In addition, the operation control unit 5 determines whether to perform the output increase operation and the output decrease operation and determines the timing of performing the output increase operation and the output decrease operation based on the condition of the integrated value of the heat load over time. In the following, this point will be described.

The operation control unit 5 integrates the measured values of the hot water supply heat load measuring means 31 and the terminal heat load measuring means 32 with the passage of time from the past usage status, so that the integrated value of the heat load is In addition to storing the past integrated value of how much, the actual integrated value is obtained by integrating the measured values of the hot water supply heat load measuring means 31 and the terminal heat load measuring means 32 with the passage of time from the actual use status. Then, it is configured to manage the integrated value of the heat load with the passage of time within the set period.
Then, the operation control unit 5 is configured to determine whether or not to perform the output increasing operation and the output decreasing operation by comparing the past integrated value with the actual integrated value.

In addition, when the deviation between the past integrated value and the actual integrated value is within the set range, the operation control unit 5 sets the selected set time zone T3 as the output increase target time zone, , An output increasing operation is performed, and a set time zone T2 in which a residual heat state is predicted is set as an output lowering target time zone, and the output lowering operation is performed in the output lowering target time zone.
If the deviation between the past integrated value and the actual integrated value is out of the set range and the actual integrated value is larger than the past integrated value by an allowable value or more, the operation control unit 5 sets Assuming that there is a heat load ahead of schedule, the output increasing operation is prohibited even in the selected set time zone T3, and the output decrease target time zone such as the set time zone T2 in which the surplus heat state is predicted is It is configured to extend it for a predetermined period.

  Further, if the deviation between the past integrated value and the actual integrated value is out of the set range and the past integrated value is larger than the actual integrated value by an allowable value or more, the operation control unit 5 sets Assuming that there is a heat load later than that, the set time zone in which the selected set time zone T3 is delayed based on the ratio between the past integrated value and the actual integrated value is set as the output increase target time zone, and in the output increase target time zone. A set time zone in which the output rising operation is performed and the set time zone T2 in which the remaining heat state is predicted based on the ratio of the past integrated value and the actual integrated value is delayed is set as the output lowering target time zone, and the output lowering target time zone is set. Is configured to perform the output lowering operation.

The operation of the fuel cell 1 by the operation control unit 5 will be described based on the flowchart of FIG.
First, a set time in which the deviation between the past integrated value and the actual integrated value is within the set range and the selected set time zone T3 or the selected set time zone T3 is delayed based on the ratio of the past integrated value to the actual integrated value. When the output rise target time zone such as a belt is reached, the power increase operation is performed assuming that the output increase operation condition is satisfied (steps 1 and 2).
Further, the deviation between the past integrated value and the actual integrated value is within the set range, and the remaining heat state is determined based on the set time zone T2 in which the remaining heat state is predicted or the ratio of the past integrated value to the actual integrated value. When an output decrease target time zone such as a set time zone in which the predicted set time zone T2 is delayed, the output decrease operation is performed assuming that the output decrease operation condition is satisfied (steps 3 and 4).
If neither of the conditions for increasing the output and the conditions for decreasing the output are satisfied, the power load following operation is performed (steps 1, 3, and 5).

The operation of the hot water storage operation and the heat medium supply operation by the operation control unit 5 will be further described.
The hot water storage operation is performed by operating the cooling water circulation pump 15 during the operation of the fuel cell 1, and in the exhaust heat type heat exchanger 24, the cooling water flowing through the cooling water circulation passage 13 flows through the hot water circulation passage 16. Is carried out in a state where it can be heated.
Then, the three-way valve 18 is switched to a state in which the hot water taken out from the lower part of the hot water storage tank 2 is circulated so as to bypass the radiator 19, and the hot water circulation pump 17 is operated. Then, the hot water is passed through the exhaust heat exchanger 24 and heated, and then returned to the upper portion of the hot water storage tank 2 to store hot water at the set temperature for hot water storage in the hot water storage tank 2.
Further, the opening degrees of the hot water storage valve 29 and the intermittent valve 30 are adjusted so that the temperature of the hot water that has passed through the exhaust heat type heat exchanger 24 becomes the hot water storage set temperature.

  By the way, in the hot water storage operation, when the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 2 is full of hot water, the three-way valve is set to circulate the hot water taken out from the lower part of the hot water storage tank 2 so as to pass through the radiator 19. The radiator 19 is operated by switching 18, the hot water taken out from the lower part of the hot water storage tank 2 is radiated by the radiator 19, and then passed through the exhaust heat exchanger 24 to be heated.

  The heat medium supply operation is performed when the heat source terminal 3 is instructed by the remote controller (not shown) that heat is required, and the heat source circulation pump 21 and the heat medium By operating the circulation pump 23, the hot water for the heat source is heated by at least one of the heat exchanger 25 for the heat source and the heat exchanger 29 for the auxiliary heating, and the heated hot water for the heat source is heated by the heat medium heating medium. The heat medium is circulated while passing through the exchanger 26, and the heat medium heated by the hot water for the heat source in the heat medium heating heat exchanger 26 is circulated and supplied to the heat consuming terminal 3.

When the fuel cell 1 is in operation, cooling in a state where the cooling water is adjusted so that the cooling water flows to the heat source heat exchanger 25 by the flow dividing valve 30 is described. By operating the water circulation pump 15, the heat source heat exchanger 25 is configured to heat the heat source hot water.
Further, when the current terminal heat load required by the heat consuming terminal 3 cannot be covered only by the cooling water from the fuel cell 1 or when the fuel cell 1 is not operating, the auxiliary heating means M is set to the heating state. , The auxiliary heat source heat exchanger 29 heats the hot water for heat source.

  Incidentally, when the hot water storage operation and the heat medium supply operation are simultaneously performed during the operation of the fuel cell 1, the operation control unit 5 determines whether the flow dividing valve is based on the current terminal heat load required by the heat consuming terminal 3. At 30, the flow rate of the cooling water flowing to the heat exchanger 24 for hot water storage and the flow rate of the cooling water flowing to the heat exchanger 25 for the heat source are adjusted.

[Second embodiment]
Since the second embodiment shows another embodiment of the output increasing operation and the output decreasing operation in the first embodiment, the explanation will be added focusing on this point.
Incidentally, the other configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, and thus the detailed description thereof is omitted.

  When the current power load is larger than the reference value for power increase set between the minimum output and the maximum output during the power increase target time zone, the operation control unit 5 performs the power increase operation of the fuel cell 1 as the power increase operation. If the output is adjusted to the maximum output and the current power load is smaller than the reference value for output increase, the fuel cell is designed to prohibit the power increase operation during the target period of output increase and to cover the current power load. 1 is adjusted.

To add a description, for example, as shown in FIG. 7A, when the current power load changes with time, the operation control unit 5 sets the operation control unit 5 to a time period other than the set time period T1 in which the heat shortage state is predicted. In the band, a power load following operation for adjusting the output of the fuel cell 1 is performed so as to cover the current power load.
Then, the operation control unit 5 sets the set time zone T1 in which the heat-insufficient state is predicted as the output increase target time zone, and in the output increase target time zone, when the current power load is larger than the output increase reference value. Adjusts the output of the fuel cell 1 to the maximum output as the output increase operation, and when the current power load is smaller than the output increase reference value, the output becomes smaller than the current power load by α (for example, 100 W). Thus, the output of the fuel cell 1 is adjusted.

  By the way, the reference value for increasing the output is considered to be energy-saving even if the output of the fuel cell 1 is adjusted to the maximum output by exceeding the value in consideration of the efficiency of the system such as the efficiency of the fuel cell 1 and the auxiliary heating means M. This is set as a feasible value, for example, 50% of the maximum output of the fuel cell 1.

  When the current power load is smaller than the output lowering reference value set between the minimum output and the maximum output in the output lowering target time zone, the operation controller 5 performs the fuel cell 1 If the current power load is larger than the output lowering reference value, the output lowering operation is prohibited and the output lowering operation is prohibited during the output lowering target time period, and the fuel is supplied so as to cover the current power load. The output of the battery 1 is adjusted.

In addition, for example, as shown in (b) of FIG. 7, when the current power load changes with time, the operation control unit 5 performs a time period other than the set time period T2 in which the remaining heat state is predicted. In the band, a power load following operation for adjusting the output of the fuel cell 1 is performed so as to cover the current power load.
Then, the operation control unit 5 sets the set time period T2 in which the remaining heat state is predicted as the output decrease target time period, and in the output decrease target time period, when the current power load is larger than the output decrease reference value. Adjusts the output of the fuel cell 1 so that the output becomes smaller by α (for example, 100 W) than the current power load, and when the current power load is smaller than the output decrease reference value, the output decrease operation is performed. The output of the fuel cell 1 is adjusted to a minimum output.

  Incidentally, in consideration of the efficiency of the system, such as the efficiency of the fuel cell 1 and the heat dissipation loss of the hot water storage tank 2, the output lowering reference value is adjusted to a value lower than the value to adjust the output of the fuel cell 1 to the minimum output. The value is set as a value capable of realizing energy saving, and is, for example, 40% of the maximum output of the fuel cell 1.

  In the second embodiment, the deviation between the past integrated value and the actual integrated value is within the set range and is within the set time period T1 in which the heat shortage state is predicted, or the past integrated value and the actual integrated value are different from each other. If the set time zone T1 in which the heat shortage state is predicted based on the ratio is delayed, the output increasing operation condition is satisfied.

[Third embodiment]
Since the third embodiment shows another embodiment of the output increasing operation and the output decreasing operation in the first embodiment, the explanation will be added focusing on this point.
Incidentally, the other configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, and thus the detailed description thereof is omitted.

  In the power increase target time zone, the operation control unit 5 performs, as the power increase operation, an output that is larger than the current power load by a set amount for increase set according to a heat component insufficient for the time-series heat load. The output of the fuel cell 1 is adjusted.

To add a description, for example, as shown in FIG. 8A, when the current power load changes with time, the operation control unit 5 sets the operation control unit 5 to a time other than the set time period T1 in which the heat shortage state is predicted. In the band, a power load following operation for adjusting the output of the fuel cell 1 is performed so as to cover the current power load.
Then, the operation control unit 5 sets the set time zone T1 in which the heat-insufficient state is predicted as the output increase target time zone, and in the output increase target time zone, performs the output increase operation by α (for example, more than the current power load). The output of the fuel cell 1 is adjusted to an output larger by a set amount for ascending than an output smaller by 100 W).

  Incidentally, the set amount for ascending is, for example, an amount obtained by increasing the set amount from 1 time to 2 times or from 2 times to 3 times as the amount of heat deficient with respect to the time-series heat load increases. The amount is set according to the heat component that is insufficient for the sequential heat load.

  In addition, in the output decrease target time zone, the operation control unit 5 performs, as the output decrease operation, an output that is smaller than the current power load by the set amount for decrease set according to the excess heat with respect to the time-series heat load. The output of the fuel cell 1 is adjusted.

When the description is added, for example, as shown in (b) of FIG. 8, when the current power load changes with the lapse of time, the operation control unit 5 sets a time other than the set time zone T2 in which the remaining heat state is predicted. In the band, a power load following operation for adjusting the output of the fuel cell 1 is performed so as to cover the current power load.
Then, the operation control unit 5 sets the set time zone T2 in which the remaining heat state is predicted as the output decrease target time zone, and in the output decrease target time zone, performs the output decrease operation by α (for example, The output of the fuel cell 1 is adjusted to an output smaller by a set amount for lowering than an output smaller by 100 W).

  Incidentally, the descending set amount is, for example, an amount obtained by increasing the set amount from 1 time to 2 times or from 2 times to 3 times as the surplus heat component with respect to the time-series heat load increases. The amount is set according to the amount of heat that is insufficient for a typical heat load.

  In the third embodiment, the deviation between the past integrated value and the actual integrated value is within the set range and is within the set time period T1 in which the heat shortage state is predicted, or the past integrated value and the actual integrated value are different from each other. If the set time zone T1 in which the heat shortage state is predicted based on the ratio is delayed, the output increasing operation condition is satisfied.

[Fourth embodiment]
Since the fourth embodiment shows another embodiment of the output increasing operation and the output decreasing operation in the first embodiment, the description will be made focusing on this point.
Incidentally, the other configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, and thus the detailed description thereof is omitted.

  The operation control unit 5 is configured to adjust the output of the fuel cell 1 to the set output for increasing as the output increasing operation in the power increase target time zone.

In addition, for example, as shown in (a) of FIG. 9, when the current power load changes with time, the operation control unit 5 sets the operation control unit 5 to a time other than the set time period T1 in which the heat shortage state is predicted. In the band, a power load following operation for adjusting the output of the fuel cell 1 is performed so as to cover the current power load.
Then, the operation control unit 5 sets the set time zone T1 in which the heat-insufficient state is predicted as the power increase target time zone, and in the output power increase target time zone, regardless of the current power load, performs the power increase operation as the fuel increase operation. The output of the battery 1 is adjusted to the set output for raising.

  By the way, the setting output for ascending is set, for example, to a larger output as the shortage heat component for the time-series heat load is large, and set according to the shortage heat component for the time-series heat load. I am trying to do it.

  In addition, the operation control unit 5 is configured to adjust the output of the fuel cell 1 to the set output for lowering as the output lowering operation in the output lowering target time zone.

To add a description, for example, as shown in (b) of FIG. 9, when the current power load changes with the lapse of time, the operation control unit 5 sets a time other than the set time period T2 in which the remaining heat state is predicted. In the band, a power load following operation for adjusting the output of the fuel cell 1 is performed so as to cover the current power load.
Then, the operation control unit 5 sets the set time zone T2 in which the remaining heat state is predicted to be the output decrease target time zone, and in the output decrease target time zone, regardless of the current power load, performs the output decrease operation as the fuel cell. 1 is adjusted to a set output for lowering.

  By the way, the setting output for lowering, for example, is set to a smaller output as the excess heat component for the chronological heat load is larger, and is set according to the excess heat component for the chronological heat load. I have to.

  In the fourth embodiment, the deviation between the past integrated value and the actual integrated value is within the set range and is within the set time period T1 in which the heat shortage state is predicted, or the past integrated value and the actual integrated value are different from each other. If the set time zone T1 in which the heat shortage state is predicted based on the ratio is delayed, the output increasing operation condition is satisfied.

[Fifth Embodiment]
The fifth embodiment shows another embodiment of the output lowering operation in the first embodiment, and therefore, a description will be given focusing on this point.
Incidentally, the other configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, and thus the detailed description thereof is omitted.

The operation control unit 5 is configured to stop the operation of the fuel cell 1 during the set time period in which the time-series power load is smaller than the set value for stop as the output decreasing operation.
In other words, if there is a set time zone in which the time-series power load is smaller than the set value for stop within one day that is the set cycle due to the user going to bed or the like, In the set time zone, the operation of the fuel cell 1 is not performed, and in other time zones, the power load following operation for adjusting the output of the fuel cell 1 is performed so as to cover the current power load. I have.

[Sixth embodiment]
Since the sixth embodiment shows another embodiment of the output lowering operation in the first embodiment, the explanation will be added focusing on this point.
Incidentally, the other configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, and thus the detailed description thereof is omitted.

The operation control unit 5 is configured to stop the operation of the fuel cell 1 in all the set time zones within the set cycle as the output decreasing operation.
In addition, when the heat load becomes extremely small, for example, in the summer, for example, the operation control unit 5 does not operate the fuel cell 1 for one day, which is a set cycle, and generates an excessive heat state. It is configured to suppress the occurrence of surplus power as well as to suppress the occurrence of surplus power.

[Seventh embodiment]
The seventh embodiment specifies the set time zone in which the heat shortage state or the heat surplus state is predicted in the first embodiment, and the timing of performing the output increasing operation and the output decreasing operation and determining whether to perform the operation. Since this embodiment shows another embodiment of the judgment, an explanation will be given focusing on this point.
Incidentally, the other configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, and thus the detailed description thereof is omitted.

In the present embodiment, the operation control unit 5 sets the time-series power load and the time-series heat load within a set cycle (in the present embodiment, one day), as in the above-described embodiments. Is configured to be managed for each set time zone (1 hour in the present embodiment). Then, the operation control unit 5 uses the power load and the time-sequential heat load for each of the set time zones (i) (i = 1 to 24) in the above set cycle to set the earliest set time zone (the next set time zone). The time zone (1) is set as the power increase target time zone or the output decrease target time zone, and it is configured to determine whether to perform the output increase operation or the output decrease operation.
Hereinafter, the detailed processing method will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIGS. 10 to 12 are diagrams showing the processing flow of the present embodiment. In FIGS. 13 to 17, (A) shows the amount of heat to be stored in the hot water storage tank 2 in each set time zone (i). Hereafter, the figure showing the output F (i) of the fuel cell 1 in each set time zone (i) as the calculation condition of “predicted heat storage amount”) and (b) are shown under the calculation condition. It is a figure which shows the prediction heat storage amount T (i) in each set time zone (i) which is a calculation result. 13 to 17, the heat storage amount T (0) corresponding to the set time zone (i = 0) indicates the heat amount stored in the hot water storage tank 2 at the present time.

  As shown in FIG. 10, the operation control unit 5 sets the output F (i) of the fuel cell 1 in each set time zone (i) to the output f set during the power load following operation, and sets the output time f in each set time zone. The predicted heat storage amount T (i) in (i) is obtained (step 10).

Specifically, in step 10, the operation control unit 5 first adds the power load, the heat load, and the like predicted in each set time zone (i) to the hot water storage tank 2 in each set time zone (i). (Hereinafter referred to as “additional heat”). This additional heat amount is calculated from the sum of the heat amount output in accordance with the output F (i) of the fuel cell 1 and the heat output from the electric heater 12 in accordance with the surplus power within the set time zone (i). When the additional heat quantity is positive, the heat quantity stored in the hot water storage tank 2 increases, and when the additional heat quantity is negative, the heat quantity stored in the hot water storage tank 2 decreases. Become.
Next, the operation control means 5 selects the earliest set time zone (i = 1) sequentially, and in each set time zone (i), when the previous set time zone (i-1) has elapsed. The heat quantity obtained by adding the heat quantity stored in the hot water storage tank 2 (the heat quantity currently stored in the hot water storage tank 2 in the earliest set time zone (i = 1) at present) as described above to the above is calculated by the above-mentioned prediction. It is determined as the heat storage amount T (i).

If the predicted heat storage amount T (i) exceeds the maximum heat storage amount tmax that can be stored in the hot water storage tank 2, that is, if the radiator 19 needs to be operated, the set time zone (i) is set. When the set time zone (i = full) in which the remaining heat state is predicted can be specified, and the predicted heat storage amount T (i) is lower than the minimum heat storage amount tmin (for example, 0) to be stored in the hot water storage tank 2, that is, When it is necessary to operate the auxiliary heating means M, the set time zone (i) can be specified as a set time zone (i = emp) in which a heat shortage state is predicted.
The amount of heat (hereinafter referred to as “effective heat storage amount”) T ′ (i) that can be effectively stored in the hot water storage tank 2 in each set time zone (i) is the predicted heat storage amount T (i). ) Is within the range of not less than the minimum heat storage amount tmin and not more than the maximum heat storage amount tmax that can be stored in the hot water storage tank 2, the predicted heat storage amount T (i) is obtained. When the maximum heat storage amount tmax that can be stored in the tank 2 is exceeded, the maximum heat storage amount tmax is set. When the predicted heat storage amount is less than the minimum heat storage amount tmin to be stored in the hot water storage tank 2, the minimum heat storage amount tmin is set. .

  Next, the operation control unit 5 refers to the predicted heat storage amount T (i) in each set time zone (i) obtained in step 10 as described above, and sets the set time zone in which the excess heat state or the insufficient heat state occurs. Is determined first, and it is determined whether or not to be in a state of excessive heat first, and further, to be in a state of insufficient heat first (steps 11 and 12).

  In the case where the heat-remaining state occurs first, although the details will be described later, the output-falling-operation determining process (for determining whether to perform the output-falling operation in the earliest set time period (i = 1)) ( If step 100) is executed and the heat-insufficient state occurs first, although the details will be described later, an output for determining whether or not to perform the output increasing operation in the earliest set time zone (i = 1) is set. The ascending operation determination process (step 200) is executed, and if neither the excessive heat state nor the insufficient heat state occurs, it is determined that the power following operation is performed in the earliest set time zone (i = 1) (step 13).

Hereinafter, a case where it is determined to perform the power following operation in the earliest set time zone (i = 1) will be described with reference to FIG.
As shown in FIG. 13A, under the condition that the output F (i) of the fuel cell 1 in each set time zone (i) is the output f set during the power load following operation, each set time zone (i) As a result of calculating the predicted heat storage amount T (i) at the time t, the predicted heat storage amount T (i) is equal to or more than the minimum heat storage amount tmin and the maximum heat storage amount tmax in each set time zone (i), as shown in FIG. When the temperature falls within the following range, that is, when the remaining heat state and the insufficient heat state do not occur, the power following operation is determined to be performed in the earliest set time zone (i = 1).

  It should be noted that, without performing the output increasing operation determination processing and the output decreasing operation determination processing, the predicted heat storage amount T (i) in each set time zone (i) obtained in step 10 of FIG. In the case of an excessive heat state, it is determined that the output lowering operation is performed in the earliest set time zone (i = 1), and in the case of an insufficient heat state, the earliest set time zone (i = In 1), it may be configured to determine that the output increasing operation is performed.

Next, the output lowering operation determination process will be described with reference to FIG.
In the output descent operation determination process, the operation control unit 5 first sets the output F (1) of the fuel cell 1 in the earliest set time zone (i = 1) to the output fmin set during the output descent operation, and sets other settings. Under the condition that the output F (i = 2 to 24) of the fuel cell 1 in the time zone (i = 2 to 24) is the output f set in the power load following operation, the predicted heat storage amount in each set time zone (i) T (i) is obtained (step 101).
Then, with reference to the predicted heat storage amount T (i) obtained in this way, it is determined whether or not a heat-insufficient state occurs when the output lowering operation is performed in the earliest set time zone (i = 1). (Step 102) When the heat shortage state does not occur, it is determined that the output lowering operation is performed in the earliest set time zone (i = 1) (Step 103). In the earliest set time zone (i = 1), it is determined that the power descending operation is prohibited and the power following operation is performed (step 104).

Hereinafter, in the output descent operation determination process, a case where the power descent operation is prohibited and the power following operation is determined in the earliest set time zone (i = 1) based on FIGS. 14 and 15 will be described. Add a description.
As shown in FIG. 14A, under the condition that the output F (i) of the fuel cell 1 in each set time zone (i) is the output f set during the power load following operation, each set time zone (i) As a result of calculating the predicted heat storage amount T (i) in the above case, when the heat storage amount T (17) in the set time zone (i = 17) shown in FIG. A descent operation determination process is performed.
Then, in the output lowering operation determination process, as shown in FIG. 15A, the output F (i) of the fuel cell 1 in the earliest set time zone (i = 1) is compared with the output fmin set during the output lowering operation. As a result of calculating the predicted heat storage amount T (i) in each set time zone (i) under the condition, the heat storage amounts T (19), T in the set time zone (i = 19, 20) shown in FIG. In the case of the heat shortage state as in (20), in the earliest set time zone (i = 1), it is determined that the output lowering operation is prohibited and the power following operation is performed. It is.

  In step 102 of the output descent operation determination process, the set time zone in which the heat is insufficient when the output descent operation is performed in the earliest set time zone (i = 1) is determined in each set time zone (i). Only when it is before the set time zone (i = full) in which the excess heat occurs when the follow-up operation is performed, it is prohibited to perform the output descent operation in the earliest set time zone (i = 1) and the power is reduced. It may be configured to determine that the following operation is performed.

Next, the output increase operation determination process will be described with reference to FIG.
In the power-up operation determination process, the operation control unit 5 performs the fuel cell operation from the earliest set time zone (i = 1) to the set time zone (i = emp) in which the heat-deficient state occurs when the power following operation is performed. The output F (1 to emp) of the fuel cell 1 in the other set time zone (i = emp + 1 to 24) is set as the output fmax set at the time of the output increase operation, and the output F (emp + 1 to 24) of the fuel cell 1 in the power load following operation is set. The predicted heat storage amount T (i) in each set time zone (i) is obtained under the condition that the output f is set at the time (step 201).
Then, with reference to the predicted heat storage amount T (i) obtained in this manner, the set time zone (i = 1) where the heat-deficient state is obtained when the power following operation is performed from the earliest set time zone (i = 1). emp), the set time zone in which the heat surplus state occurs when the power up / down operation is performed is the set time zone in which the heat shortage state occurs when the power following operation is performed in each set time zone (i) (i = (emp) is determined (step 202).
In the case where the set time zone in which the excess heat occurs when the output increasing operation is performed in the set time zone (i = 1 to emp) is not before the set time zone (i = emp) in which the heat is insufficient, Determines that the power increase operation is performed in the earliest set time zone (i = 1) (step 203). On the other hand, when the power increase operation is performed in the set time zone (i = 1 to emp), the excess heat is generated. If the set time zone to be in the state is before the set time zone (i = emp) in which the heat is insufficient, it is determined that the power following operation is performed in the earliest set time zone (i = 1) ( Step 204).

Hereinafter, a case where it is determined that the power following operation is performed in the earliest set time zone (i = 1) in the output increase operation determination process will be described with reference to FIGS. 16 and 17.
As shown in FIG. 16A, under the condition that the output F (i) of the fuel cell 1 in each set time zone (i) is the output f set during the power load following operation, each set time zone (i) As a result of calculating the predicted heat storage amount T (i) in FIG. 16, the heat storage amount T (19) and T (20) in the set time zone (i = 19, 20) shown in FIG. When the state is reached, the output increase operation determination processing is performed.
Then, in the output increase operation determination process, as shown in FIG. 17A, when the power following operation is performed in each set time zone (i) from the earliest set time zone (i = 1), a heat shortage state occurs. The prediction in each set time zone (i) under the condition that the outputs F (1) to F (19) of the fuel cell 1 up to the set time zone (i = 19) become the output fmax set at the time of the output increasing operation. As a result of calculating the heat storage amount T (i), the output in the set time zone (i = 1 to 19), such as the heat storage amount T (5) in the set time zone (i = 5) shown in FIG. If the set time zone (i = 5) in which the excess heat occurs when the ascending operation is performed is before the set time zone (i = 19) in which the heat is insufficient, the earliest set time zone (i) = 1), it is determined that the power increase operation is prohibited and the power following operation is performed. A.

  In step 202 of the power increase operation determination process, it is determined whether or not a heat surplus state occurs when the power increase operation is performed in a set time zone (i = 1 to emp). It is determined that the output increasing operation is performed in the earliest set time period (i = 1). On the other hand, in the case of the excessive heat state, the power following operation is performed in the earliest set time period (i = 1). It may be configured to decide what to do.

In this embodiment, the output fmax of the fuel cell 1 set at the time of the output increase operation can be the maximum output of the fuel cell 1 as in the first embodiment. As described above, when the power following operation is performed in each set time zone (i), the output may be set to be larger than the current power load during the power following operation by the set amount for increase set according to the insufficient heat. it can.
Further, in the present embodiment, the output fmin of the fuel cell 1 set at the time of the output descending operation can be the minimum output of the fuel cell 1 as in the first embodiment. As described above, when the power following operation is performed in each set time zone (i), an output larger than the current power load during the power following operation by the set amount for descent set according to the surplus heat can also be obtained. .

[Another embodiment]
(1) In the first to seventh embodiments, the operation control unit 5 predicts the time-series power load and the time-series heat load for each set time zone within the set cycle, and the heat shortage state is reduced. Although the predicted set time zone and the set time zone in which the remaining heat state is predicted are specified, the configuration for specifying the insufficient heat state and the remaining heat state can be appropriately changed.

For example, the operation control unit 5 integrates the hot water supply amount in a state where the auxiliary heating means M is operated within a set cycle (for example, one day), and when the integrated value becomes equal to or larger than the set value, A heat shortage state can be predicted. In this case, the output increasing operation is performed during the set cycle.
Then, the operation control unit 5 integrates the heat release amount in the radiator 19 within a set cycle (for example, one day), and predicts the remaining heat state within the set cycle by making the integrated value equal to or larger than the set value. In this case, the output lowering operation is performed during the set period.

In addition, the operation control unit 5 integrates the hot water supply amount and the heat radiation amount in the radiator 19 in a state where the auxiliary heating means M is activated, for each set time period within a set cycle (for example, one day), and the integrated value is By being equal to or greater than the set value, it is possible to predict a heat-insufficient state or a heat-over state.
In this case, for example, a fixed time such as 6 hours or 12 hours is set as a set time zone, a late night time zone (0:00 to 6:00), a morning time zone (6:00 to 11:00), a daytime It is possible to set time zones of different lengths, such as a zone (11:00 to 17:00) and a night time zone (17:00 to 24:00), as the set time zone.
Incidentally, in this case, the amount of hot water supply and the amount of heat radiation in the radiator 19 in a state where the auxiliary heating means M is operated become a time-series heat load, and the transition of the current power load within the set cycle is a time-series power load. It becomes.

(2) In the first to fourth embodiments, even if the operation control unit 5 performs the output increasing operation, if the heat shortage state occurs within the set cycle, the output is further increased in the next set cycle. The power-up operation may be corrected based on the actual use condition so that the power-up operation is performed while the output of the fuel cell 1 is being adjusted.

  For example, the first embodiment will be described. If a heat-deficient state occurs within a set cycle even when the output increasing operation is performed, the selected set time zone T3 is set to one set time in the next set cycle. In the case of a band, the range of the selected set time zone T3 may be corrected so that the two set time zones are set as the selected set time zone T3.

  By the way, the correction of the power increase operation is configured to perform the correction of the power increase operation in all the set time zones in the next set cycle, or if the set time zone in which the heat shortage state occurs can be specified, In the next set cycle, it is possible to configure so that the output increase operation is corrected only in the set time zone that is the same as the set time zone in which the heat shortage state has occurred.

(3) In the first to fourth embodiments, even if the operation control unit 5 performs the output lowering operation, if the remaining heat state occurs within the set cycle, the output is further reduced in the next set cycle. The output lowering operation may be corrected based on the actual use condition so that the output lowering operation is performed in a state where the output of the fuel cell 1 is adjusted.

  For example, the second embodiment will be described. Even if the output lowering operation is performed, if an excessive heat state occurs within the set cycle, the output lowering reference value is increased by the set amount in the next set cycle. Thus, the output lowering reference value may be corrected.

  By the way, the correction of the output descent operation is configured to perform the correction of the output descent operation in all the set time zones in the next set cycle, or if the set time zone in which the excess heat state occurs can be specified, In the next set cycle, it is possible to configure so that the output lowering operation is corrected only in the same set time zone as the set time zone in which the residual heat state has occurred.

(4) In the first to fourth embodiments, four types of output increasing operations are illustrated. In the first to sixth embodiments, six types of output decreasing operations are illustrated. Among them, it is possible to appropriately change which output increasing operation is adopted and which output decreasing operation is adopted among the six types of output decreasing operations, for example, the output increasing operation exemplified in the first embodiment. In addition, it is also possible to carry out the configuration by performing the output lowering operation exemplified in the second embodiment.

(5) In the first to seventh embodiments, the example in which the set cycle is set to one day and the set time zone is set to one hour has been described. However, how to set both the set cycle and the set time zone is appropriately determined. Changes are possible.
For example, one week can be set as the set cycle, and a set time zone such as a fixed time of 6 hours or 12 hours can be set as a set time zone, or a midnight time zone (0:00 -6:00), morning time (6: 00-11: 00), daytime (11: 00-17: 00), night time (17: 00-24: 00), etc. It is possible to set a time zone.

(6) In the first to seventh embodiments, the operation control unit 5 controls the output of the fuel cell 1 such that the output of the fuel cell 1 is smaller than the current power load by α (for example, 100 W) in the power load following operation. The operation control unit 5 is configured to adjust the output of the fuel cell 1 so as to have the same or almost the same output as the current power load in the power load following operation. It is also possible.
Also, the operation control unit 5 does not set the adjustment range of the output of the fuel cell 1 in the power load following operation to the range between the minimum output and the maximum output, but sets the lower limit or the upper limit to the minimum output and the maximum output. The output may be limited so as to be a predetermined output.

(7) In the first to seventh embodiments, the heat generation terminal 3 is provided in addition to the hot water storage tank 2 to exemplify the cogeneration system in which the heat load is the hot water supply heat load and the terminal heat load. A cogeneration system in which the hot water supply heat load is used as the heat load without providing the terminal 3 may be used.

(8) In the first to seventh embodiments, the electric heater 12 is configured to heat the cooling water of the fuel cell 1, but the electric heater 12 heats the water in the hot water storage tank 2. It is also possible to configure and implement.

(9) In the first to seventh embodiments, the fuel cell 1 is exemplified as the cogeneration system. However, as the cogeneration system, for example, a combination of an internal combustion engine such as a gas engine and a power generation device, or a Stirling cogeneration system It is also possible to apply a combination of an external combustion engine such as an engine and a power generator.
Also, in any configuration, the installation position of the radiator 19 may be in the flow path of the cooling water circulation path 13.

(10) In the first to fourth embodiments, the operation control unit 5 determines whether or not to perform the output increasing operation and the output decreasing operation based on the condition of the integrated value of the heat load over time, and Although the timing for performing the ascending operation and the output decreasing operation is configured to be determined, such a configuration need not be adopted.

Schematic configuration diagram of cogeneration system Control block diagram of cogeneration system Illustration for power load following operation Graph showing predicted power load and predicted heat load Explanatory drawing of output increase operation and output decrease operation in the first embodiment. Flow chart showing control operation Explanatory drawing of output rise operation and output fall operation in the second embodiment Explanatory drawing of output rise operation and output fall operation in the third embodiment. Explanatory drawing of output rise operation and output fall operation in the fourth embodiment. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a control operation according to the seventh embodiment. Flowchart showing output descent operation determination processing in the control operation of FIG. Flowchart showing a power increase operation determination process in the control operation of FIG. Graph showing calculation conditions (a) and calculation results (b) for predicted heat storage Graph showing calculation conditions (a) and calculation results (b) for predicted heat storage Graph showing calculation conditions (a) and calculation results (b) for predicted heat storage Graph showing calculation conditions (a) and calculation results (b) for predicted heat storage Graph showing calculation conditions (a) and calculation results (b) for predicted heat storage

Explanation of reference numerals

1: Cogeneration system 2: Hot water storage tank 5: Operation control means M: Auxiliary heating means

Claims (31)

A cogeneration system that outputs electric power and heat to adjust the output, a hot water storage tank that stores hot and cold water heated by the heat output from the cogeneration system, and an operation control unit that controls operation. Provided,
The operation control means is a cogeneration system configured to perform a power load following operation for adjusting an output of the cogeneration system so as to cover a current power load that is currently required,
The operation control unit is configured to manage a time-series power load and a time-series heat load, and performs time-dependent operation by performing the power load following operation on the time-series power load. When a heat shortage state in which heat is insufficient for a sequential heat load is predicted, the output of the cogeneration system is adjusted to an output side larger than the current power load in a predetermined power increase target time zone. A cogeneration system configured to perform power-up operation.   The operation control means is configured to manage a time-series power load, and a time-series heat load for each set time zone within a set cycle, and by performing the power load following operation, The cogeneration system according to claim 1, wherein a set time zone in which a heat shortage state is predicted is set as the power increase target time zone.   The operation control means is configured to manage a time-series power load, and a time-series heat load for each set time zone within a set cycle, and by performing the power load following operation, The cogeneration system according to claim 1, wherein a set time zone before a set time zone in which a heat shortage state is predicted is set as the power increase target time zone.   The operation control means may be configured such that the output increasing operation is close to a set time zone in which the heat insufficiency state is predicted so that heat shortage with respect to the time-series heat load is stored in the hot water storage tank in advance. The cogeneration system according to claim 3, wherein one or a plurality of set time zones selected from the following are set as the output rise target time zones.   The operation control means may increase the output during the earliest set time zone if a surplus heat state in which heat is excessive for a chronological heat load is not predicted before the set time zone in which the heat shortage state is predicted. The cogeneration system according to claim 3, wherein the cogeneration system is configured to be a target time zone.   Even if the heat shortage is predicted by performing the power load following operation, the operation control unit performs heat generation for the time-series heat load by performing the power increase operation in the power increase target time zone. The cogeneration according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein when a surplus heat surplus state is predicted, the power increase operation is prohibited in the power increase target time zone. system.   The operation control means, when the current power load is larger than the output increase reference value set between the minimum output and the maximum output in the output increase target time zone, the output is increased in the output increase target time zone. The cogeneration system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the cogeneration system is configured to perform ascending operation.   The cogeneration system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the operation control unit is configured to adjust an output of the cogeneration device to a maximum output as the output increasing operation.   The operation control means outputs the output of the combined heat and power supply to an output larger than the current power load by a set amount for increase set in accordance with a heat component insufficient for a time-series heat load as the output increase operation. The cogeneration system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the cogeneration system is configured to adjust the temperature.   The cogeneration system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the operation control unit is configured to adjust the output of the cogeneration device to a setting output for increasing as the output increasing operation.   The said operation control means is comprised so that the said heat | fever insufficiency state may be predicted from a past time-sequential electric power load and a past time-sequential heat load. The cogeneration system according to 1.   The operation control unit may be configured such that a deviation between an actual integrated value of an actual heat load and a past integrated value of a past heat load is outside a set range, and the actual integrated value is larger than the past integrated value by an allowable value or more. The cogeneration system according to claim 11, wherein in the case, the power increase operation is prohibited in the power increase target time zone.   The operation control means may be configured such that a deviation between an actual integrated value of an actual heat load and a past integrated value of a past heat load is out of a set range, and the past integrated value is larger than the actual integrated value by an allowable value or more. 13. The cogeneration system according to claim 11, wherein the power generation target time zone is configured to be delayed by a predetermined time in such a case. Equipped with auxiliary heating means to generate insufficient heat,
2. The cogeneration system according to claim 1, wherein the operation control unit is configured to predict the heat shortage state from an operation state of the auxiliary heating unit as the time-series heat load. 3. A combined heat and power supply capable of adjusting the output by outputting power and heat, a hot water storage tank for storing hot and cold water with heat output from the combined heat and power supply, and operation control means for controlling operation are provided,
The operation control means is a cogeneration system configured to perform a power load following operation for adjusting an output of the cogeneration system so as to cover a current power load that is currently required,
The operation control unit is configured to manage a time-series power load and a time-series heat load, and performs time-dependent operation by performing the power load following operation on the time-series power load. If a heat surplus state in which heat is excessive for a sequential heat load is predicted, an output for adjusting the output of the cogeneration system to an output side smaller than the current power load in a predetermined output fall target time zone. A cogeneration system configured to perform descent operation.   The operation control means is configured to manage a time-series power load, and a time-series heat load for each set time zone within a set cycle, and by performing the power load following operation, The cogeneration system according to claim 15, wherein a set time zone in which a surplus heat state is predicted is set as the output fall target time zone.   The operation control means is configured to manage a time-series power load, and a time-series heat load for each set time zone within a set cycle, and by performing the power load following operation, The cogeneration system according to claim 15, wherein a set time zone before a set time zone in which a surplus heat state is predicted is set as the output fall target time zone.   The operation control means outputs the earliest set time zone when the heat shortage state in which heat is insufficient for the time-series heat load is not predicted before the set time zone in which the remaining heat state is predicted. The cogeneration system according to claim 17, wherein the cogeneration system is configured to be a time zone to be lowered.   Even if the remaining heat is predicted by performing the power load following operation, the operation control means performs heat with respect to a time-series heat load by performing the output lowering operation in the output lowering target time zone. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 18, wherein when the insufficient heat shortage state is predicted, the output lowering operation is prohibited in the output lowering target time zone. Generation system.   When the current power load is smaller than the output descent reference value set between the minimum output and the maximum output in the output descent target time zone, the operation control means outputs the output in the output descent target time zone. The cogeneration system according to any one of claims 15 to 19, wherein the cogeneration system is configured to perform a descending operation.   The cogeneration system according to any one of claims 15 to 20, wherein the operation control unit is configured to adjust the output of the cogeneration system to a minimum output as the output lowering operation.   The operation control means, as the output lowering operation, the output of the cogeneration system to an output smaller than the current power load by a set amount for descent set in accordance with the excess heat with respect to the time-series heat load. The cogeneration system according to any one of claims 15 to 20, wherein the cogeneration system is configured to adjust.   The cogeneration system according to any one of claims 15 to 20, wherein the operation control unit is configured to adjust an output of the cogeneration device to a set output for descent as the output descent operation.   The operation control means is configured to manage the time-series power load and the time-series heat load for each set time period within a set cycle, and as the output descending operation, The cogeneration system according to claim 15, wherein the cogeneration system is configured to stop the operation of the cogeneration system in a set time period in which a power load is smaller than a stop set value.   The operation control means is configured to manage a time-series power load and a time-series heat load for each set time period within a set cycle, and as the output descent operation, within a set cycle. The cogeneration system according to claim 15, wherein the cogeneration system is configured to stop operating in all set time zones.   26. The operation control unit according to claim 15, wherein the operation control unit is configured to predict the remaining heat state from a past time-series power load and a past time-series heat load. The cogeneration system according to 1.   The operation control unit may be configured such that a deviation between an actual integrated value of an actual heat load and a past integrated value of a past heat load is outside a set range, and the actual integrated value is larger than the past integrated value by an allowable value or more. 27. The cogeneration system according to claim 26, wherein the power generation target time zone is extended in such a case.   The operation control means may be configured such that a deviation between an actual integrated value of an actual heat load and a past integrated value of a past heat load is out of a set range, and the past integrated value is larger than the actual integrated value by an allowable value or more. 28. The cogeneration system according to claim 26, wherein the power decrease target time zone is delayed by a predetermined time in such a case. With a radiator that dissipates excess heat,
The cogeneration system according to claim 15, wherein the operation control unit is configured to predict the remaining heat state from the operating state of the radiator as the time-series heat load.   The operation control means is configured to manage a time-series power load and a time-series heat load for each set time zone within a set cycle, and the set cycle is set to one day. 30. The cogeneration system according to any one of items 1 to 29.   The said operation control means is comprised in the said electric power load following operation so that the output of the said cogeneration apparatus may be adjusted according to the present electric power load within the range of the minimum output to the maximum output. The cogeneration system according to claim 1.

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