JP2004238248A - Water soluble calcium agent containing organic acid and calcium carbonate - Google Patents

Water soluble calcium agent containing organic acid and calcium carbonate Download PDF

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JP2004238248A
JP2004238248A JP2003029014A JP2003029014A JP2004238248A JP 2004238248 A JP2004238248 A JP 2004238248A JP 2003029014 A JP2003029014 A JP 2003029014A JP 2003029014 A JP2003029014 A JP 2003029014A JP 2004238248 A JP2004238248 A JP 2004238248A
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acid
calcium
water
calcium carbonate
agent according
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JP4107976B2 (en
Inventor
Yasushi Yamada
靖史 山田
Takushi Yamada
拓史 山田
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ROYAL INDUSTRIES KK
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ROYAL INDUSTRIES KK
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an agent in which calcium carbonate is made soluble in water in place of the conventional calcium supplement having problems about compatibility, injury, toxicity or the like, a method of manufacturing the same and a utilization method of the same. <P>SOLUTION: The water soluble calcium carbonate supplement dissolving in water for a short period of time is obtained by mixing calcium carbonate which is insoluble alone in water with an organic acid having excellent compatibility and safety. The aqueous solution of the calcium supplement is used for foliar spray to decrease or prevent calcium deficiency disease. As the organic acid, even the organic acid forming hardly soluble calcium salt can be used and, for example, citric acid, maleic acid or the mixture is used. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、農作物のカルシウム欠乏症状を予防し低減するために散布される、炭酸カルシウムを含有した水溶性のカルシウム剤に関する。また、当該剤の製造方法及び使用方法、並びに該剤を用いた農作物の生産方法にも関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
果樹類、果菜類、葉菜類、根菜類等でカルシウムが欠乏すると、望ましくない症状が起きやすい。例えば、リンゴでのビターピット、柑橘類の浮き皮、トマトやピーマンといった果菜類における尻腐れ症、メロン及びスイカでの発酵果、葉菜類(例えばレタスや白菜)及び根菜類(例えば大根やニンジン)における芯腐れ症、花卉類を含む各種植物での葉先枯れ等が挙げられる。
【0003】
このような症状を予防・軽減するため、カルシウム化合物の水溶液を散布する方法が採られてきた。この際、カルシウムを効率よく吸収させて症状を早期に緩和するため、欠乏症状の生じる部位に近い葉面に散布されることが多い。
【0004】
このような葉面散布用カルシウム補給剤としては、高い水溶性が求められるため、塩化カルシウム(溶解度 5.5g/水100g・25℃(以下、特に記載しない限り水100gについての値を表記))、硝酸カルシウム(266g,25℃)、ギ酸カルシウム(16.1g,0℃)等が使用されてきた(例えば、特許文献1及び2参照)。しかし塩化カルシウム及びギ酸カルシウムは、肥料の主要要素であるリン酸及びカリ、並びに肥料の微量要素との相溶性が悪く、共存時には沈殿が生じるという欠点を有している。従って、他の肥料と同時に使用できないという不都合が生じる。さらに、塩化カルシウムや硝酸カルシウムでは残留する塩素イオンや硝酸イオンが葉面を焼くという薬害もあり、収穫後に人体に摂取される場合に安全面でも問題となる。
【0005】
その一方、クエン酸カルシウム及びリンゴ酸カルシウムでは上記の問題が生じない。また、クエン酸やリンゴ酸といった天然に存在し食品添加物としても使用される化合物であれば、残存しても問題が生じにくい。しかし、クエン酸カルシウム4水塩の25℃における溶解度は0.0959g、及びリンゴ酸カルシウム1水塩の溶解度は0.8552gと低いため、カルシウム補給剤としては実用化されていない。
【0006】
なお、クエン酸カルシウムを1000倍の水に溶解させた摘花剤について報告がなされている(特許文献3)。しかし、クエン酸カルシウムの溶解度からすれば1000gの水に0.959gしか溶解せず、特許文献3に記載の条件では完全に溶解できないと推測される。さらに、このような飽和水溶液を大量に作成するためには長時間の処理が必要であり、作業上問題が多い。
【0007】
炭酸カルシウムは安価に入手でき、薬害や毒性面でも問題がない。しかし、炭酸カルシウムは不溶性であるため、それ自体を単独でカルシウム補給剤として使用することは困難である。懸濁液として用いても吸収されにくく、作物に被膜を形成するという問題が起きる。
【0008】
【特許文献1】
特開平7−10666号公報
【特許文献2】
特開平9−140260号公報
【特許文献3】
特開2001−206805号公報
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、上記の様に相溶性、薬害、毒性といった面で問題のあった従来のカルシウム補給剤に代えて、炭酸カルシウムを水に溶解可能とした剤を提供することである。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記のような状況に鑑み、本発明者は鋭意研究の結果、安全性の高い有機酸により炭酸カルシウムを短時間で水に溶解させる方法を見いだした。そして、難溶性のカルシウムを形成するため実用には適しないとされていた有機酸であっても、炭酸カルシウムを短時間で溶解させることができることを見いだした。これらの知見に基づき、本発明を完成させるに至った。
【0011】
すなわち上記課題は、クエン酸、リンゴ酸、酒石酸、グルコン酸、コハク酸、マロン酸、グルタル酸、マレイン酸、フマル酸、グルタコン酸からなる群より選択される1種以上の有機酸と炭酸カルシウムとを含む水溶性の固形剤により解決する。該有機酸はクエン酸、リンゴ酸、又はそれらの混合物であってもよい。有機酸の総量/炭酸カルシウムの重量比は1.0/1から4.5/1の範囲にすることができる。また、カルシウム以外の肥料成分も含有できる。さらに、該カルシウム補給剤は水に短時間で溶解し、水に溶解して得た液剤(濃縮液剤を含む)を使用することもできる。
【0012】
本発明の固形剤又は液剤を用いて、農作物のカルシウム欠乏症を処置し、貯蔵性を向上させることができる。本発明は、該剤を用いた農作物の生産方法にも関する。
【0013】
また、該カルシウム補給剤は、炭酸カルシウムと1種以上の有機酸とを湿度40%以下の環境下で混合し密閉する工程を含む方法により製造できる。
【0014】
【発明の実施の態様】
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
【0015】
本発明では、有機酸と炭酸カルシウムとを水に加えることにより、単独では不溶性である炭酸カルシウムを溶解させることができる。溶解した状態は、少なくとも該水溶液を実用的な葉面散布に供するのに必要な期間(例えば12時間)、保持される。
【0016】
使用される有機酸としては特に制限はないが、例えば炭素数6以下のモノカルボン酸、ジカルボン酸、3価以上の多価カルボン酸、ヒドロキシカルボン酸、カルボン酸無水物が使用できる。有機酸は1種類のみを使用することもでき、複数の種類を組み合わせて使用することもできる。
【0017】
ヒドロキシカルボン酸としては、クエン酸、リンゴ酸、酒石酸、グルコン酸が挙げられる。モノカルボン酸としては、酢酸、及びプロピオン酸が挙げられる。ジカルボン酸及び多価カルボン酸としては、上記のヒドロキシカルボン酸化合物に加え、マロン酸、コハク酸、フマル酸、マレイン酸及びグルタル酸が挙げられる。
【0018】
有機酸としては、天然にも存在する化合物及びその誘導体が薬害及び安全面から好ましい。また、葉面に与える損傷という面からは、水溶液が弱酸となる化合物が好ましい。例えば、リンゴ酸、クエン酸、及びこれらの混合物は上記の条件を充たす。
【0019】
なお天然にも存在する化合物であれば、その製造方法に制限はなく、天然での産出以外の合成的な手法により得たものでも使用できる。例えばクエン酸であれば、発酵法により得てもよく、レモン等の植物から抽出してもよく、ナフサ由来の原料から化学合成により得てもよい。
【0020】
本発明に使用する炭酸カルシウムとしては特に制限はなく、カルサイト、アラゴナイト、パテライト等の各種多形や非晶質も使用することができる。
【0021】
本発明には、カルシウム塩の溶解度が低いとされる有機酸であっても使用することができる。例えば、リンゴ酸及びクエン酸はカルシウム塩の溶解度が低いとされているが、本発明に使用することができる。難溶性カルシウム塩を形成する有機酸であっても本発明において有効に使用できる理由は明確ではないが、以下のようなメカニズムも考えられる。
【0022】
炭酸カルシウムとリンゴ酸又はクエン酸とを含む組成物を水に加えた場合、まず有機酸が溶解する(以下、例として二価カルボン酸であるリンゴ酸(AHと略記することがある)について述べる)。
【0023】
AH → A2− + 2H
その結果、液の酸性度が上がるため、炭酸カルシウムの溶解が開始する。
【0024】
CaCO + 2H → Ca2+ +HO + CO
炭酸カルシウムの溶解の際に生じるCOの気泡により撹拌効果が生じ、さらに溶解が促進される。この効果は、大量の剤、例えば0.5〜1kgの剤を溶解させる場合には特に有効であると推測される。
【0025】
以上の様に、有機酸のカルシウム塩(ACa)自体を水に溶解させる場合と比較すると、有機酸と炭酸カルシウムを別々の形態で提供することにより、最終的な溶解量は同じであっても短時間で平衡に達し、作業上の労力や作業時間を大幅に節減できるという利点が得られる。
【0026】
さらに溶解度積以上の濃度となるカルシウム及びA2−が一時的に溶存する場合にも、沈殿を生じる逆反応
2− + Ca2+ → ACa
の反応速度が遅い、又は比較的な安定な錯体が形成されるといった理由により、葉面散布に必要な時間では沈殿の生成が抑制され、実用的に使用可能になっているとも考えられる。
【0027】
本発明の固形剤は短時間で水に溶解することができ、葉面散布に支障のない期間、溶解した状態が保持される。ここで短時間での溶解とは、500Lの水に0.5kgの固形剤を溶解させる場合に30分、好ましくは15分、さらに好ましくは5分で透明となり、粉体の残存が確認できなくなることをいう。
【0028】
本発明の剤を水で溶解する場合、水:炭酸カルシウムの重量比は100:4〜2000:1、好ましくは150:1〜1500:1である。炭酸カルシウム量が低すぎると肥料としての作用が不十分となり、高すぎると溶解が困難となる。
【0029】
有機酸の総量:炭酸カルシウムの重量比は、水溶液のカルシウム濃度に依存する。一般に、カルシウム濃度を高くするにつれて、溶解に必要となる有機酸/炭酸カルシウムの値が増加する。つまり、炭酸カルシウム単位重量当たりに必要とされる有機酸の量が多くなる。例えば、水:炭酸カルシウム=500〜1000:1においてリンゴ酸、クエン酸、又はそれらの混合物を使用する場合には、炭酸カルシウム当たりの有機酸総量(有機酸/炭酸カルシウム)が1.0以上、好ましくは1.2以上であり、4.5以下、好ましくは3.5以下、さらに好ましくは3.0以下である。有機酸が多すぎると経済的でなく、少なすぎると溶解に時間がかかる。
【0030】
本発明の剤を水に溶解させた場合、その液のpHは0.7以上、好ましくは1.5以上である。pHの値が小さすぎると、散布した葉面に酸による好ましくない影響が生じる。
【0031】
炭酸カルシウムと有機酸との混合において、従来公知のいずれの乾式混合法(例えばボールミル及びブレンドミキサー等)をも使用することができる。ただし、混合は湿度の低い環境で行い、密閉して保管することが好ましい。混合時の湿度は、50%以下、好ましくは40%以下である。湿度が高い条件で混合及び/又は密閉工程を行うと、パッケージ内に混入する水によって難溶性カルシウム塩の生成が進行し、短時間でカルシウム成分を溶解させるという本発明の効果が得られにくくなる。炭酸カルシウムと有機酸との混合物中の水分量(有機酸の水和水を除く)は、4重量%未満が望ましい。
【0032】
本発明の剤は、カルシウム以外の肥料成分であるリン酸、カリ、マグネシウム鉄、銅、亜鉛、マンガン、ホウ素、モリブデンの1種以上をさらに含むことができる。有機酸としてリンゴ酸、クエン酸、又はこれらの混合物を使用する場合には、ギ酸カルシウムや塩化カルシウムの場合と異なり、上記の肥料要素を含んでも水溶液に沈殿が生じないという利点が得られる。
【0033】
本発明の固形剤を水に溶解させ、濃縮液剤や液剤とすることができる。農作物への散布には、固形剤を例えば100倍〜2000倍の重量の水に溶解させた液剤を用いることが好ましい。
【0034】
必要に応じて、本発明の剤を他の農薬と合わせて水に溶かし、同時に散布することもできる。
【0035】
本発明の液剤を散布することにより、果実、果菜、葉菜、根菜、タマネギ、セロリ、ジャガイモ、草花といった作物のカルシウム欠乏症を軽減及び/又は予防することができる。また、果実の硬度、糖度、貯蔵性、及び耐病性を向上させることができる。
【0036】
散布にあたっては、カルシウム欠乏症が生じている、又は生じやすい部位の近傍で葉面散布することが好ましい。果実の硬度、糖度、貯蔵性、及び耐病性を向上させるには、果実の近傍の葉面に散布することが好ましい。散布の時期及び回数は、散布する作物及び液の濃度に依存するが、幼植物又は幼果期といった早い段階から行うことが好ましく、必要に応じて複数回行うことができる。例えば果樹類では、本発明の固形剤を重量で1000倍の水に溶解させた液(1000倍液)を散布する場合には落花後から3〜4週おきに3〜5回、500倍液では落花の1月後から4〜6週おきに2〜3回散布することが好ましい。果菜類では、各花房の開花初期に、果房及び/又は新葉に500〜1000倍液を散布することが望ましい。葉菜類、根菜類では、葉数3〜5枚期から収穫の15日前までの間に500〜1000倍液を2週おきに2〜3回散布することが望ましい。白菜、キャベツ等の葉が巻く葉菜類では、葉数3〜5枚期から葉が巻くまでの間に500〜1000倍液を2週おきに2〜3回散布することが望ましい。
【0037】
【実施例】
以下実施例により、本発明をより詳細に説明するが、本発明が以下の実施例によって限定されるものではない。
<実施例1>
炭酸カルシウム(日東粉化工業(株)社製の食品添加用ママカルソ特級、バッチNo.140712)及びクエン酸(中国産white crane brand BP93/USP23、バッチNo.22023)を、水道水1Lに加え周囲温度で撹拌した。下記の表1記載の量では、いずれの場合にも発泡を伴って5分以内に完全に溶解し、残存する固体は観察されなかった。
【0038】
【表1】

Figure 2004238248
<実施例2>
炭酸カルシウム(日東粉化工業(株)社製の食品添加用ママカルソ特級、バッチNo.140712)及びリンゴ酸(インド国 Thirumalai Chemicals Ltd.社製 DL−リンゴ酸 99.4% バッチNo.363)を、水道水1Lに加え周囲温度で撹拌した。下記の表2記載の量では、いずれの場合にも発泡を伴って5分以内に完全に溶解し、残存する固体は観察されなかった。
【0039】
【表2】
Figure 2004238248
実施例1及び実施例2で得られた最大の溶解量を、各種のカルシウム塩の溶解度と比較した(表3)。本発明の固形剤では、容易に大量の炭酸カルシウムを溶解できることがわかる。
【0040】
【表3】
Figure 2004238248
<実施例3>
炭酸カルシウム及びクエン酸を1:1.6の混合比で混合したものを袋に詰め、1ヶ月密閉保管後に取り出し、水に対する溶解速度と不溶解物の存否を調べた。溶解試験は、水100gに保存後の混合物1gを加えることにより行った。その結果、混合物中の水分含量が多くなるに従って溶解に要する時間が長くなり、不溶解物が多くなることが確認された。この結果は、保存中に水の影響により難溶性のクエン酸カルシウムが生成したことを示唆している。
【0041】
【表4】
Figure 2004238248
<実施例4>
以下の組成を有する固形剤を、各原料を湿度40%以下で秤量、混合することにより製造した:炭酸カルシウム 35%;クエン酸 51%;苦土 9%;リン酸アンモニウム 1.12%;硫酸マンガン 1.5%;ホウ酸 1.08%;硫酸鉄 1.0%;硫酸銅 0.06%;硫酸亜鉛 0.24%。
【0042】
この固形剤500gを500Lの水に加えたところ、該剤はすべて溶解し、沈殿の生成はみられなかった。
【0043】
【発明の効果】
本発明は、炭酸カルシウムと有機酸とを含む水溶性のカルシウム補給剤を提供する。該カルシウム補給剤では、単独では不溶性である炭酸カルシウムに安全性の高い有機酸を共存させ、水に溶解できるようにした点に特徴がある。該カルシウム補給剤は、従来の剤と異なり相溶性及び安全性が高く、薬害が起こりにくいという利点があり、カルシウム欠乏症の軽減、予防に有用である。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a water-soluble calcium agent containing calcium carbonate, which is applied to prevent and reduce calcium deficiency symptoms in crops. The present invention also relates to a method for producing and using the agent, and a method for producing agricultural crops using the agent.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Calcium deficiency in fruit trees, fruit vegetables, leaf vegetables, root vegetables and the like tends to cause undesirable symptoms. For example, bitter pits in apples, citrus floats, buttocks in fruit and vegetables such as tomatoes and peppers, fermented fruits in melons and watermelons, cores in leafy vegetables (eg lettuce and Chinese cabbage) and root vegetables (eg radish and carrots) Examples include rot, leaf tip withering of various plants including flowers and the like.
[0003]
In order to prevent or reduce such symptoms, a method of spraying an aqueous solution of a calcium compound has been adopted. At this time, it is often sprayed on the leaf surface close to the site where the deficiency symptom occurs in order to absorb calcium efficiently and relieve the symptom early.
[0004]
As such a calcium supplement for foliar application is required to have high water solubility, calcium chloride (a solubility of 5.5 g / 100 g of water at 25 ° C. (hereinafter, unless otherwise specified, a value for 100 g of water is described)) , Calcium nitrate (266 g, 25 ° C.), calcium formate (16.1 g, 0 ° C.) and the like have been used (for example, see Patent Documents 1 and 2). However, calcium chloride and calcium formate have a drawback that they have poor compatibility with phosphoric acid and potassium, which are main components of fertilizer, and trace elements of fertilizer, and precipitate when coexisting. Therefore, there is a disadvantage that it cannot be used simultaneously with other fertilizers. In addition, calcium chloride and calcium nitrate have a chemical injury in that residual chlorine ions and nitrate ions burn the leaves, which poses a safety problem when ingested by the human body after harvesting.
[0005]
On the other hand, calcium citrate and calcium malate do not cause the above problems. In addition, any compound that is naturally occurring and used as a food additive, such as citric acid or malic acid, does not easily cause a problem even if it remains. However, since the solubility of calcium citrate tetrahydrate at 25 ° C. is as low as 0.0959 g, and the solubility of calcium malate monohydrate is as low as 0.8552 g, it has not been practically used as a calcium supplement.
[0006]
In addition, there is a report on a flower disinfectant in which calcium citrate is dissolved in water 1000 times (Patent Document 3). However, based on the solubility of calcium citrate, only 0.959 g is dissolved in 1000 g of water, and it is presumed that it cannot be completely dissolved under the conditions described in Patent Document 3. Furthermore, long-term processing is required to produce such a saturated aqueous solution in a large amount, and there are many operational problems.
[0007]
Calcium carbonate is available at low cost and has no harm or toxicity. However, because calcium carbonate is insoluble, it is difficult to use itself as a calcium supplement. Even when used as a suspension, it is hardly absorbed and causes a problem that a film is formed on a crop.
[0008]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-7-10666 [Patent Document 2]
JP-A-9-140260 [Patent Document 3]
JP 2001-206805 A
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide an agent capable of dissolving calcium carbonate in water instead of the conventional calcium supplement which has problems in compatibility, phytotoxicity and toxicity as described above.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In view of the above situation, the present inventors have made intensive studies and, as a result, have found a method of dissolving calcium carbonate in water in a short time using a highly safe organic acid. They have also found that calcium carbonate can be dissolved in a short time even with an organic acid which has been considered unsuitable for practical use due to the formation of poorly soluble calcium. Based on these findings, the present invention has been completed.
[0011]
That is, the above-mentioned problem is that calcium carbonate and one or more organic acids selected from the group consisting of citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, gluconic acid, succinic acid, malonic acid, glutaric acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, and glutaconic acid. The problem is solved by a water-soluble solid agent containing The organic acid may be citric acid, malic acid, or a mixture thereof. The weight ratio of total amount of organic acids / calcium carbonate can range from 1.0 / 1 to 4.5 / 1. Also, fertilizer components other than calcium can be contained. Further, the calcium supplement can be dissolved in water in a short time, and a solution (including a concentrated solution) obtained by dissolving in water can be used.
[0012]
The solid preparation or the liquid preparation of the present invention can be used to treat calcium deficiency in agricultural crops and improve storage stability. The present invention also relates to a method for producing agricultural products using the agent.
[0013]
Further, the calcium supplement can be produced by a method including a step of mixing calcium carbonate and one or more organic acids in an environment of a humidity of 40% or less and sealing the mixture.
[0014]
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
[0015]
In the present invention, calcium carbonate which is insoluble alone can be dissolved by adding an organic acid and calcium carbonate to water. The dissolved state is maintained for at least a period (for example, 12 hours) necessary for subjecting the aqueous solution to practical foliar application.
[0016]
The organic acid to be used is not particularly limited, and for example, a monocarboxylic acid having 6 or less carbon atoms, a dicarboxylic acid, a trivalent or higher polycarboxylic acid, a hydroxycarboxylic acid, and a carboxylic anhydride can be used. One type of organic acid can be used alone, or a plurality of types can be used in combination.
[0017]
Hydroxycarboxylic acids include citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid and gluconic acid. Monocarboxylic acids include acetic acid and propionic acid. Examples of the dicarboxylic acid and polycarboxylic acid include malonic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid and glutaric acid in addition to the above-mentioned hydroxycarboxylic acid compound.
[0018]
As the organic acid, naturally occurring compounds and derivatives thereof are preferable from the viewpoints of chemical injury and safety. Further, from the viewpoint of damage to the leaf surface, a compound in which the aqueous solution becomes a weak acid is preferable. For example, malic acid, citric acid, and mixtures thereof satisfy the above conditions.
[0019]
There is no limitation on the production method as long as it is a compound that also exists in nature, and a compound obtained by a synthetic method other than production in nature can be used. For example, citric acid may be obtained by a fermentation method, may be extracted from plants such as lemon, or may be obtained by chemical synthesis from a naphtha-derived material.
[0020]
The calcium carbonate used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and various polymorphs such as calcite, aragonite, and paterite and amorphous materials can be used.
[0021]
In the present invention, an organic acid having a low solubility of a calcium salt can be used. For example, although malic acid and citric acid are said to have low solubility of calcium salts, they can be used in the present invention. Although it is not clear why organic acids that form poorly soluble calcium salts can be effectively used in the present invention, the following mechanism is also conceivable.
[0022]
If a composition comprising calcium carbonate and malic acid or citric acid was added to the water, first organic acid is dissolved (hereinafter, sometimes abbreviated as malic acid (AH 2 is a divalent carboxylic acid as an example) for State).
[0023]
AH 2 → A 2- + 2H +
As a result, the acidity of the liquid increases, and the dissolution of calcium carbonate starts.
[0024]
CaCO 3 + 2H + → Ca 2+ + H 2 O + CO 2
CO 2 bubbles generated during the dissolution of calcium carbonate produce a stirring effect, which further promotes dissolution. This effect is expected to be particularly effective when a large amount of an agent, for example, 0.5 to 1 kg of an agent is dissolved.
[0025]
As described above, when the calcium salt of an organic acid (ACa) itself is dissolved in water, by providing the organic acid and calcium carbonate in different forms, even if the final dissolution amount is the same, This has the advantage that the equilibrium is reached in a short time and the labor and time required for the operation can be greatly reduced.
[0026]
Further calcium the solubility product concentrations above and A 2-even if temporarily dissolved, reverse reaction A 2+ Ca 2+ cause precipitation → ACa
It is considered that the formation of the precipitate is suppressed in the time required for foliar application because the reaction rate of the compound is slow or a relatively stable complex is formed, which makes the compound practically usable.
[0027]
The solid preparation of the present invention can be dissolved in water in a short time, and the dissolved state is maintained for a period that does not hinder foliar application. Here, dissolving in a short time means that when 0.5 kg of the solid agent is dissolved in 500 L of water, the solid becomes transparent in 30 minutes, preferably 15 minutes, and more preferably 5 minutes, and the remaining powder cannot be confirmed. That means.
[0028]
When the agent of the present invention is dissolved in water, the weight ratio of water: calcium carbonate is from 100: 4 to 2000: 1, preferably from 150: 1 to 1500: 1. If the amount of calcium carbonate is too low, the action as a fertilizer will be insufficient, and if it is too high, dissolution will be difficult.
[0029]
The weight ratio of total organic acid: calcium carbonate depends on the calcium concentration of the aqueous solution. Generally, the higher the calcium concentration, the higher the organic acid / calcium carbonate value required for dissolution. That is, the amount of the organic acid required per unit weight of calcium carbonate increases. For example, when malic acid, citric acid, or a mixture thereof is used in water: calcium carbonate = 500 to 1000: 1, the total amount of organic acids per calcium carbonate (organic acid / calcium carbonate) is 1.0 or more; It is preferably at least 1.2, at most 4.5, preferably at most 3.5, more preferably at most 3.0. If the amount of the organic acid is too large, it is not economical. If the amount is too small, it takes time to dissolve.
[0030]
When the agent of the present invention is dissolved in water, the pH of the solution is 0.7 or more, preferably 1.5 or more. If the pH value is too low, the unfavorable effect of the acid on the sprayed leaf surface occurs.
[0031]
In mixing calcium carbonate and an organic acid, any conventionally known dry mixing method (for example, a ball mill and a blend mixer) can be used. However, it is preferable that the mixing is performed in a low-humidity environment, and the storage is performed in a closed state. The humidity at the time of mixing is 50% or less, preferably 40% or less. When the mixing and / or sealing steps are performed under high humidity conditions, the formation of the sparingly soluble calcium salt proceeds due to the water mixed in the package, and the effect of the present invention of dissolving the calcium component in a short time becomes difficult to obtain. . The water content (excluding water of hydration of the organic acid) in the mixture of calcium carbonate and the organic acid is desirably less than 4% by weight.
[0032]
The agent of the present invention can further contain one or more of fertilizer components other than calcium, such as phosphoric acid, potassium, magnesium iron, copper, zinc, manganese, boron, and molybdenum. When malic acid, citric acid, or a mixture thereof is used as an organic acid, there is an advantage that unlike the case of calcium formate or calcium chloride, precipitation does not occur in an aqueous solution even when the above-mentioned fertilizer element is included.
[0033]
The solid preparation of the present invention can be dissolved in water to obtain a concentrated liquid preparation or liquid preparation. For spraying on agricultural products, it is preferable to use a liquid agent in which a solid agent is dissolved in water having a weight of, for example, 100 to 2000 times.
[0034]
If necessary, the agent of the present invention can be dissolved in water in combination with other pesticides and sprayed at the same time.
[0035]
By spraying the liquid preparation of the present invention, calcium deficiency in crops such as fruits, fruits and vegetables, leafy vegetables, root vegetables, onions, celery, potatoes and flowers can be reduced and / or prevented. In addition, the hardness, sugar content, storability and disease resistance of the fruit can be improved.
[0036]
When spraying, it is preferable to spray the foliage in the vicinity of a site where calcium deficiency occurs or is likely to occur. In order to improve the hardness, sugar content, storability and disease resistance of the fruit, it is preferable to spray it on the leaf surface near the fruit. The time and frequency of spraying depend on the crop and the concentration of the liquid to be sprayed, but are preferably performed from an early stage such as a young plant or seedling stage, and may be performed multiple times as necessary. For example, in the case of fruit trees, when a solution prepared by dissolving the solid agent of the present invention in water 1000 times in weight (1000 times solution) is sprayed, 500 times solution is used 3 to 5 times every 3 to 4 weeks after flowering. In this case, it is preferable to spray 2-3 times every 4 to 6 weeks from one month after the fall. For fruits and vegetables, it is desirable to spray a 500- to 1000-fold solution on the fruit clusters and / or new leaves at the beginning of flowering of each flower cluster. For leafy vegetables and root vegetables, it is desirable to spray a 500- to 1000-fold solution every two weeks two to three times from the 3 to 5 leaf stage to 15 days before harvest. In the case of leafy vegetables such as Chinese cabbage and cabbage that are rolled with leaves, it is desirable to spray a 500- to 1000-fold solution every two weeks two to three times from the 3 to 5 leaf stage until the leaves are rolled.
[0037]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following Examples.
<Example 1>
Calcium carbonate (special grade Mamacarso for food addition, manufactured by Nitto Powder Chemical Co., Ltd., batch No. 140712) and citric acid (white crane brand BP93 / USP23 from China, batch No. 22023) were added to 1 L of tap water and the surroundings were added. Stirred at temperature. In the amounts shown in Table 1 below, in each case, the solid was completely dissolved within 5 minutes with foaming, and no remaining solid was observed.
[0038]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004238248
<Example 2>
Calcium carbonate (Mitacarso special grade for food addition, manufactured by Nitto Powder Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., batch No. 140712) and malic acid (DL-malic acid 99.4% batch No. 363, manufactured by Thirumalai Chemicals Ltd., India) And 1 L of tap water and stirred at ambient temperature. In the amounts shown in Table 2 below, in each case, the solution was completely dissolved within 5 minutes with foaming, and no remaining solid was observed.
[0039]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004238248
The maximum dissolution obtained in Examples 1 and 2 was compared with the solubility of various calcium salts (Table 3). It can be seen that the solid preparation of the present invention can easily dissolve a large amount of calcium carbonate.
[0040]
[Table 3]
Figure 2004238248
<Example 3>
A mixture obtained by mixing calcium carbonate and citric acid at a mixing ratio of 1: 1.6 was packed in a bag, taken out after storage for one month in a sealed state, and the dissolution rate in water and the presence or absence of insolubles were examined. The dissolution test was performed by adding 1 g of the mixture after storage to 100 g of water. As a result, it was confirmed that as the water content in the mixture increased, the time required for dissolution increased, and the amount of insolubles increased. This result suggests that sparingly soluble calcium citrate was produced during storage due to the influence of water.
[0041]
[Table 4]
Figure 2004238248
<Example 4>
A solid preparation having the following composition was prepared by weighing and mixing each ingredient at a humidity of 40% or less: calcium carbonate 35%; citric acid 51%; magnesia 9%; ammonium phosphate 1.12%; sulfuric acid Manganese 1.5%; boric acid 1.08%; iron sulfate 1.0%; copper sulfate 0.06%; zinc sulfate 0.24%.
[0042]
When 500 g of this solid agent was added to 500 L of water, the agent was completely dissolved and no precipitate was formed.
[0043]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention provides a water-soluble calcium supplement comprising calcium carbonate and an organic acid. The calcium supplement is characterized in that a highly safe organic acid is allowed to coexist with calcium carbonate, which is insoluble alone, so that it can be dissolved in water. The calcium supplement has the advantage that, unlike conventional agents, it has high compatibility and safety, and is less likely to cause phytotoxicity, and is useful for reducing and preventing calcium deficiency.

Claims (12)

クエン酸、リンゴ酸、酒石酸、グルコン酸、コハク酸、マロン酸、グルタル酸、マレイン酸、フマル酸、グルタコン酸からなる群より選択される1種以上の有機酸と炭酸カルシウムとを含む水溶性の固形剤であって、水に溶解させて農作物に散布される上記の剤。Water-soluble containing calcium carbonate and one or more organic acids selected from the group consisting of citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, gluconic acid, succinic acid, malonic acid, glutaric acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, and glutaconic acid A solid agent, which is dissolved in water and sprayed on agricultural products. 有機酸がクエン酸、リンゴ酸、又はそれらの混合物である請求項1記載の剤。The agent according to claim 1, wherein the organic acid is citric acid, malic acid, or a mixture thereof. 有機酸の総量/炭酸カルシウムの重量比が1.0/1から4.5/1の範囲にある請求項1又は2に記載した剤。The agent according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the weight ratio of total amount of organic acid / calcium carbonate is in the range of 1.0 / 1 to 4.5 / 1. 肥料成分としてリン酸、カリ、マグネシウム、鉄、銅、亜鉛、マンガン、ホウ素、モリブデンの少なくとも1種をさらに含む請求項1乃至3の何れかに記載した剤。The agent according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising at least one of phosphoric acid, potassium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, manganese, boron, and molybdenum as a fertilizer component. 水に短時間で溶解することを特徴とする請求項1乃至4の何れかに記載した剤。The agent according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the agent is dissolved in water in a short time. 請求項1乃至5の何れかに記載した剤を水に溶解した液剤。A liquid preparation obtained by dissolving the preparation according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in water. 農作物のカルシウム欠乏症処置に用いられる請求項1乃至6の何れかに記載した剤。The agent according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which is used for treating calcium deficiency in agricultural products. 農作物の貯蔵性向上に用いられる請求項1乃至6の何れかに記載した剤。The agent according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which is used for improving storage stability of agricultural products. 請求項1乃至6の剤を用いて農作物のカルシウム欠乏症を処置する方法。A method for treating calcium deficiency in crops using the agent according to claim 1. 請求項1乃至6の剤を用いて農作物の貯蔵性を向上させる方法。A method for improving the storability of agricultural products using the agent according to claim 1. 請求項1乃至6の剤を用いる農作物の生産方法。A method for producing agricultural products using the agent according to claim 1. 1種以上の有機酸と炭酸カルシウムとを湿度40%以下の環境下で混合し密閉する工程を含む、請求項1乃至5の何れかに記載した剤の製造方法。The method for producing an agent according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a step of mixing and sealing at least one kind of organic acid and calcium carbonate in an environment having a humidity of 40% or less.
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EP1854356A1 (en) * 2005-02-22 2007-11-14 Maruo Calcium Company Limited Plant quality improver and process for producing the same
JP2012021064A (en) * 2010-07-13 2012-02-02 Murakashi Sekkai Kogyo Kk Mixed composition of acidic powdered compound and alkaline powdered compound
JP2014503628A (en) * 2010-12-10 2014-02-13 オムヤ・デイベロツプメント・アー・ゲー Dynamic disintegration enhancers and fertilizers, methods for their production and their use in agriculture
JPWO2013141381A1 (en) * 2012-03-22 2015-08-03 国立研究開発法人理化学研究所 Fruit sugar content raising agent
JP2017088475A (en) * 2015-11-10 2017-05-25 有限会社キャプテン Foliar spraying agent

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1854356A1 (en) * 2005-02-22 2007-11-14 Maruo Calcium Company Limited Plant quality improver and process for producing the same
EP1854356A4 (en) * 2005-02-22 2011-07-20 Maruo Calcium Plant quality improver and process for producing the same
JP2012021064A (en) * 2010-07-13 2012-02-02 Murakashi Sekkai Kogyo Kk Mixed composition of acidic powdered compound and alkaline powdered compound
JP2014503628A (en) * 2010-12-10 2014-02-13 オムヤ・デイベロツプメント・アー・ゲー Dynamic disintegration enhancers and fertilizers, methods for their production and their use in agriculture
KR20140033319A (en) * 2010-12-10 2014-03-18 옴야 인터내셔널 아게 Soil conditioners and fertilisers having dynamic disintegration, method for manufacturing same, and uses thereof in agriculture
JPWO2013141381A1 (en) * 2012-03-22 2015-08-03 国立研究開発法人理化学研究所 Fruit sugar content raising agent
US10080366B2 (en) 2012-03-22 2018-09-25 Riken Agent for increasing sugar content in fruit
US10798944B2 (en) 2012-03-22 2020-10-13 Riken Agent for increasing sugar content in fruit
JP2017088475A (en) * 2015-11-10 2017-05-25 有限会社キャプテン Foliar spraying agent

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