JP2005231921A - Soil activating material and method of producing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a soil activating material capable of remarkably increasing the content of calcium in agricultural products and a method of simply and inexpensively producing the soil activating material. <P>SOLUTION: The soil activating material contains soluble calcium and magnesium. The soluble calcium means a calcium in a form easily absorbable into a plant body in the soil and easily movable in the plant body after being absorbed. The soil activating material is obtained by heating and stirring a composition for the soil activating material which contains food waste, magnesia lime and quick lime. The agricultural products obtained using the soli activating material has the remarkably increased content of calcium regardless of the kinds or the plantations. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a soil active material and a method for producing the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a soil active material capable of increasing the calcium content in the obtained crop and a simple and inexpensive method for producing such a soil active material.

  Conventionally, it is known that increasing the calcium content in a crop will tighten the crop and increase freshness and storage. This is thought to be due to the maintenance and strengthening of the cell wall tissue of crops by binding of calcium absorbed in the plant body to pectin. Furthermore, it is also known that as the calcium content increases, the sugar content and amino acid content in crops increase, and the content of nitrate nitrogen that causes bitterness and bitterness in crops decreases.

  Here, the calcium content in crops does not increase simply by applying lime material (calcium-containing material) to the soil. This is presumably because calcium easily binds to phosphoric acid in the soil and becomes calcium phosphate that is not easily absorbed into the plant body. Even if calcium is apt to be absorbed into the plant body in the soil and the absorption of calcium into the plant body is promoted, calcium will bind to organic acids and phosphoric acid in the plant body in the plant body. It becomes a water-insoluble compound that is difficult to move through the plant body. Therefore, it is difficult to increase the calcium content in agricultural crops by effectively supplying calcium into the plant body.

  In order to solve such problems, attempts have been made to develop a compound fertilizer that promotes calcium absorption into the plant body. However, this blended fertilizer cannot sufficiently increase the calcium content of the resulting crop. Moreover, the production is extremely complicated, and both productivity and cost are insufficient.

  Accordingly, there is a strong demand for a soil active material that can increase the calcium content in the resulting crop and a simple and inexpensive method for producing such a soil active material.

JP 2000-313687 A

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described conventional problems, and the object of the present invention is to provide a soil active material capable of remarkably increasing the calcium content of agricultural crops and the convenience of such a soil active material. The object is to provide an inexpensive manufacturing method.

  The soil active material of the present invention contains soluble calcium and magnesium.

  In preferable embodiment, the said soil active material contains 2.5-3.5 weight part calcium with respect to 1 weight part of said magnesium.

  In a preferred embodiment, the soil active material has a pH in the range of 10.5 to 11.5.

  In a preferred embodiment, the soluble calcium is contained in the crop obtained by using the soil active material while the content in the soil active material is ¼ or less of the water-soluble calcium content of quicklime. It has a form in which the calcium content is twice or more the calcium content of crops obtained by using an equivalent amount of quicklime.

  In a preferred embodiment, the soil active material can be applied to the cultivation of cereals, fruits and vegetables.

  In a preferred embodiment, the cereal, fruit and vegetable are selected from the group consisting of rice, wheat, plum, tomato, pear, apple, grape, corn, tea leaf, spinach, komatsuna and soybean.

  According to this invention, a soil active material is obtained by heating and stirring the composition for soil active materials containing a food system waste, a bitter lime, and quicklime on predetermined conditions. Such a soil active material contains soluble calcium and magnesium. Soluble calcium is much more absorbable to plants (agricultural crops) and more mobile in plants than normal forms of calcium. As a result, the crops obtained using the soil active material of the present invention have a remarkably high calcium content regardless of the type and place of cultivation. Increasing the calcium content in crops tightens crops and significantly improves their taste. Furthermore, the sugar content and amino acid content of the crop can be increased. In addition, the storage of crops is improved and the transportable distance of crops is increased. In addition, since the amount of nitrate nitrogen contained in the crop can be reduced, the bitterness and puffy taste of the crop can be reduced.

  Furthermore, the soil active material of the present invention does not introduce an exogenous microorganism group into the soil as in the conventional soil active material, but improves the ground strength by activating indigenous bacteria and creates an excellent growth environment. . Therefore, there is no problem that the growth environment is drastically changed or the land is thinned due to the adverse effects of foreign microorganisms. Moreover, since the amount of agricultural chemicals used is drastically reduced by activating the indigenous bacteria, a very favorable crop for the human body can be obtained.

  The soil active material of the present invention contains soluble calcium and magnesium. In the present specification, the term “soluble calcium” refers to calcium in a form that is easily absorbed in the plant body in the soil and that easily moves through the plant body after being absorbed. Specifically, it is calcium having a chemical structure such that binding with phosphoric acid in soil and phosphoric acid and organic acid in the plant body is inhibited. Soluble calcium has an equivalent amount of calcium in the crop obtained by using the soil active material while the content in the soil active material is ¼ or less of the water-soluble calcium content of quick lime. It has been actually confirmed by experiments that the calcium content of crops obtained by use is twice or more. Although not theoretically clear, as such a chemical structure, for example, a chelate structure that inhibits a salt formation reaction is presumed.

  Furthermore, absorption of soluble calcium into the plant body is significantly promoted by containing magnesium. In addition, although the soil active material of the present invention uses food waste as one of the raw materials (described later), decomposition of the food waste is promoted by magnesium. It is thought that the decomposition of food waste activates the activities of indigenous bacteria (microorganisms or fungi that are originally present in the soil of the cultivation area) and synergistically promotes the absorption of soluble calcium into the plant body. It is done. The synergistic effect of containing soluble calcium and magnesium in combination is unexpectedly excellent.

  Preferably, the soil active material of the present invention contains 2.5 to 3.5 parts by weight of calcium with respect to 1 part by weight of magnesium. In the present specification, the term “calcium” as a component of the soil active material of the present invention includes both soluble calcium and calcium that did not form soluble calcium. It is considered that most of the calcium in the soil active material of the present invention forms soluble calcium. By containing calcium and magnesium in such a ratio, absorption of soluble calcium into the plant is further effectively promoted. As a result, the calcium content in the plant body and in the crop can be significantly increased. When magnesium is contained in a larger amount than the above ratio, absorption of other minerals into the plant body (as a result, crops) may be inhibited by excess magnesium. When magnesium is contained in a smaller amount than the above ratio, the soluble calcium may not be sufficiently absorbed into the plant body.

  Preferably, the soil active material of the present invention has a pH in the range of 10.5 to 11.5. By having a pH in such a range, the soil to which the soil active material of the present invention is applied has its pH increased to about 8.5 to 9.0 immediately after the operation, and about 7. 5 and about 7.0 in about one month after enforcement. As a result, cyanobacterium and the like that prefer a weakly alkaline environment can be effectively propagated in the soil to which the soil active material has been applied. At the same time, it is possible to suppress the action of mold-degrading bacteria that prefer acidic environments. Therefore, the growth environment of plants (agricultural crops) can be effectively improved.

  Hereinafter, a preferable example of the manufacturing method of the soil active material of this invention is demonstrated.

  The soil active material of this invention is obtained by heating and stirring the composition for soil active materials containing a food type waste, a bitter lime, and quicklime. Although it is not theoretically obvious, by applying predetermined thermal energy and mechanical energy under the condition where microorganisms in food waste and magnesium in magnesium lime are present, mainly quick lime and food system It is considered that soluble calcium is formed from calcium derived from waste (calcium in a form that is difficult to be absorbed into the plant body or difficult to move through the plant body).

  The composition of the food waste as a raw material is not particularly limited as long as it is a food waste from a normal home or restaurant. In other words, even if there is a slight difference in the composition of the food waste, it does not have a dominant influence on the formation of soluble calcium. Preferably, the food-based waste includes a material containing a large amount of calcium such as egg shell, rice bran, and okara. It is because the content of soluble calcium in the obtained soil active material can be increased by using such a material. Furthermore, since all such materials are by-produced during food production and can be obtained at low cost, the production cost of the soil active material can be kept low. In addition, such materials are often available without the addition of seasonings (especially synthetic chemical seasonings), so extra steps such as desalting can be omitted during production, improving productivity. Can be made. More preferably, the content ratio of egg shell, rice bran, and okara is 3-5 parts by weight of rice bran and 1-3 parts by weight of okara per 1 part by weight of egg shell. By having such a content ratio, the content of soluble calcium in the obtained soil active material can be further increased. Furthermore, since the soil active material obtained using such a raw material contains many nutrients preferred by microorganisms, the microorganisms in the soil can be activated to further improve the plant growth environment.

  Mashed lime is a typical magnesium-containing material (magnesium source) in the industry. Since it is considered that soluble calcium is effectively absorbed into the plant due to the action of magnesium, it is extremely important to use a magnesium-containing material as one of the raw materials in the method for producing a soil active material of the present invention. It is. Quicklime is a typical calcium-containing material (a source of calcium) in the industry. Although calcium is also supplied from food-based waste, it is preferable to use quick lime, which is a raw material with a clear calcium content, in order to control the calcium content in the obtained soil active material. In the present specification, the clay lime and quick lime are collectively referred to as “lime material”.

  Preferably, in the method for producing a soil active material of the present invention, 1 part by weight of lime material is used with respect to 5 to 18 parts by weight of food waste. That is, the lime material is used at a ratio of 1/18 to 1/5 (weight ratio) of the food waste. By using the lime material at such a ratio, the calcium contained in the lime material and food waste can be effectively changed to soluble calcium while keeping the cost of the lime material low. When the ratio of the lime material is larger than 1/5, a large amount of calcium that could not form soluble calcium remains in the soil active material. On the other hand, when the ratio of the lime material is smaller than 1/18, the content of soluble calcium in the soil active material often decreases. As a result, in order to sufficiently increase the calcium content of crops, it is necessary to apply many soil active materials to the soil.

  Preferably, the lime material is used in a ratio of 0.3 to 0.7 parts by weight of quick lime with respect to 1 part by weight of the clay lime. By using such a proportion of lime material, magnesium derived from the maternal lime effectively promotes the absorption of soluble calcium into the plant body. If there is too much mashed lime, absorption of other minerals into the plant body (and consequently crops) may be inhibited by excess magnesium. If there is too little mashed lime, the absorption of soluble calcium into the plant body may not be sufficient.

  Next, a specific manufacturing procedure will be described. The method for producing a soil active material according to the present invention includes a step A in which the food waste is stirred at a predetermined temperature to prepare an organic mixture, and the soil active material includes the organic mixture, the bitter lime, and the quicklime. And a step B of stirring the composition at a predetermined temperature.

  Preferably, the step A is performed until the organic mixture becomes a viscoelastic body having the hardness of the earlobe. Typical conditions for obtaining such a viscoelastic body are a temperature during stirring of 70 to 90 ° C. and a stirring time of 40 to 60 minutes.

  In the step B, it is preferable to stir the composition for soil active material until the viscosity is higher than that of the organic mixture. Typical conditions for obtaining the composition for a soil active material in such a state are a temperature during stirring of 70 to 130 ° C., and a stirring time after addition of the lime material of 60 to 120 minutes. A soil active material is obtained from the composition for soil active material by heating and stirring for a predetermined time. According to such a manufacturing method, since the manufacturing process is simplified and the manufacturing time is shortened, the soil active material can be obtained at low cost.

  Or in the said process B, a lime material is added in two steps. By adding lime material in two stages, soluble calcium can be more effectively formed. Specifically, in the above-mentioned step B, first, an intermediate composition is prepared by adding bitumen lime (step B-1), and then quick lime is added to the intermediate composition to prepare a composition for a soil active material. (Step B-2). In this case, in Step B-1, it is preferable to stir the intermediate composition to a state where the viscosity is higher than that of the organic mixture. Typical conditions for obtaining such an intermediate composition are a temperature during stirring of 70 to 90 ° C., and a stirring time of 60 to 120 minutes after the addition of the dough lime. In Step B-2, it is preferable to stir until the composition for soil active material becomes a slightly wet granular material (soil active material). Typical conditions for obtaining the soil active material in such a state are that the temperature during stirring is 90 to 130 ° C., and the stirring time after the addition of quicklime is 5 to 20 minutes. In addition, it is preferable to perform the heating and stirring in the step B-2 under conditions such that ammonium hydroxide is generated and remains in the obtained soil active material.

  Or you may reverse the injection | throwing-in order of lime material. That is, after adding quick lime, you may add a bitter lime. In this case, as for the preferable stirring conditions after quicklime addition, heating temperature is 90-130 degreeC and stirring time is 10 to 30 minutes. The preferable stirring conditions after the addition of the mashed lime are a heating temperature of 90 to 130 ° C. and a stirring time of 5 to 10 minutes.

  A heating and stirring apparatus suitably used in the above steps A and B will be described. FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing an example of such a heating and stirring apparatus. The heating and agitating device 10 is composed of an agitation tank 12 for containing the raw materials (food wastes and the like), a rotating shaft 16 and a rotating rod 20, an agitating means 24 for agitating the raw materials, and a rotating shaft 16. The driving means 28 to drive, and the burner 32 attached to the stirring tank 12 and heating the raw material in the stirring tank 12 by heating the stirring tank 12 are provided. The detailed configuration of such a device is described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-262265 as a feed production machine, and the disclosure of the publication is incorporated herein by reference. In the present invention, the heating and stirring performed after the quick lime is added is preferable for homogenizing the obtained soil active material, but the reaction between moisture and quick lime contained in the intermediate composition or food waste. When the raw material in the stirring tank 12 reaches the heating temperature due to heat, heating by the burner 32 is not necessarily required.

  Finally, the soil active material obtained in the above step B is cooled to room temperature. The cooling method is not particularly limited. Usually, it is allowed to cool for a predetermined time.

  According to such a production method, a soil active material containing a sufficiently large amount of soluble calcium can be produced in a short time and at a low cost. Furthermore, since most of the food waste is decomposed by the heating and stirring described above, even if the soil active material of the present invention is applied to the soil immediately after the production, the food waste is spoiled and gives off a bad odor. There is no fear. Rather, since the degradation product of food waste contained in the soil active material of the present invention is a form that is easy to assimilate for indigenous bacteria, by applying such soil active material to the soil, the growth of microorganisms in the soil can be achieved. Encouragement and ultimately increase soil strength.

  So far, the soil active material and the method for producing the same according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention have been described in detail, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and can be implemented in other forms.

  For example, the composition for soil active material of the present invention may contain any appropriate other component (for example, manure such as livestock, fallen leaves). In addition, for example, food waste used as a raw material may include leftovers, vegetable scraps, meat, fish, and the like that are generally generated at home. By using such other components and raw materials, a soil active material containing more nutrients that activate microorganisms in the soil can be obtained. In addition, when comprising including leftovers etc., it is preferable that salt is removed from these leftovers. Moreover, it is preferable that it contains many calcium.

  Furthermore, it is preferable to add the above-mentioned fallen leaves, leftover rice and the like before the food waste and the lime material are heated and stirred. Specifically, an aspect of adding to food-based waste containing egg shell, rice bran, and okara, an aspect of adding to the organic mixture, or an egg shell, rice bran, okara, bitter lime, and quick lime The aspect added to a reaction mixture can be mentioned.

  Moreover, the amount of the above-mentioned fallen leaves, leftovers, etc. is not particularly limited as long as it does not significantly dilute the concentration of soluble calcium produced in the soil active material. For example, such a material is preferably in the range of 1/10 to 1/5 (weight ratio) with respect to the total amount of egg shell, rice bran, okara, mashed lime and quicklime.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention more concretely, this invention is not limited by these Examples.

  Using a heating and stirring apparatus (Minori Sangyo Co., Ltd., Minori cell fertilizer making machine, Model M-10) as shown in FIG. 1, 50 kg of egg shell, 200 kg of rice bran and 100 kg of okara are heated and stirred at 80 ° C. for 50 minutes. An organic mixture was prepared. Next, 40 kg of clay lime (manufactured by Shimizu Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was added to this organic mixture, and the mixture was heated and stirred at 80 ° C. for 100 minutes to prepare an intermediate composition. Next, 20 kg of quicklime (Omi Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was added to this intermediate composition, heated and stirred at 110 ° C. for 15 minutes, and then allowed to cool to obtain the soil active material of the present invention.

(Cultivation test 1-1)
An appropriate amount of the soil active material obtained in Example 1 was applied to the test area and allowed to stand for about 10 days, and then tomato was grown according to a normal cultivation method. About the tomato obtained from the test section, the amount of calcium and sugar content in 100 g of tomato were measured. About the amount of calcium, it measured using RQ flex (made by Fujiwara Seisakusho). The sugar content was measured using a sugar content refractometer model 502132 (manufactured by EXTEC). The measurement results are shown in Table 1 together with the amount of calcium in 100 g of tomato described in the Japanese food standard ingredient table (fourth revision).

  As is clear from Table 1, the calcium content of the tomato obtained from the test section using the soil active material of the present invention is about 5.6 times larger than the conventional standard tomato. .

(Cultivation test 2-1)
The soil active material obtained in Example 1 was tested as No. 1-No. Plum was cultivated according to a normal cultivation method, except that 5 was applied in an appropriate amount. About the ume obtained from each test section, the amount of calcium in 100 g of ume (fruit pulp) was measured in the same manner as in the cultivation test 1-1. In addition, test section No. For No. 5, the amount of calcium contained in 100 g of plum (fruit pulp) obtained after continuous cultivation test 2-1 for 2 years was measured. The measurement results are shown in Table 2 together with the results of cultivation test 2-2 described later.

(Cultivation test 2-2)
Control No. 6-No. In No. 9, plums were cultivated according to a normal cultivation method. As a calcium supply source and a magnesium supply source, normal quick lime and mashed lime were used, respectively (the same amount as the soil active material in the test area was applied). About the plum obtained from each control section, it carried out similarly to the method of the cultivation test 1-1, and measured the calcium content. The results are shown in Table 2.

  From the results of Table 2, it can be seen that the ume obtained from the test group has a maximum calcium content that is about 4.3 times higher than the ume obtained from the control group.

About the soil active material obtained in Example 1, 1 weight% aqueous solution of pH4 and pH7 was prepared, respectively. The pH was adjusted by adding appropriate amounts of hydrochloric acid and / or ammonia. The calcium concentration in each solution was determined using a plasma atomic absorption spectrometer (VISTA-MPX; Seiko Instruments and Varian).
Instruments). Concentration measurement was performed twice. From the calcium concentration in the obtained solution, the water-soluble calcium content in the soil active material was converted. The obtained results are shown in Table 3 together with the results of comparative examples described later.

(Comparative example)
Using the same procedure as in Example 2, the water-soluble calcium concentration in quicklime and mashed lime was determined. The results obtained are shown in Table 3 above.

  As is clear from the results of Table 2 and Table 3, when the equivalent amount is enforced, the soil active material of the present invention has a calcium content of about 1/4 to 1/5 compared with quick lime, The calcium content of the crops obtained (plum in this experiment) is more than twice (up to about 4.3 times). From this, the soil active material of the present invention has a completely different form (a form that is easily absorbed in the plant body in the soil and easily moves in the plant body after being absorbed). It turns out that calcium (soluble calcium) is contained. Moreover, while the amount of water-soluble calcium changes greatly at pH 4 and pH 7 in the clay lime, the soil active material of the present invention has a stable amount of water-soluble calcium (formable calcium) in any environment. . This shows that the soil active material of this invention can be used widely in the soil which has various environments.

  As described above, the soil active material of the present invention can be suitably applied to all plants (agricultural crops). Applicable crops include, for example, cereals, fruits and vegetables (eg, rice, wheat, plum, tomato, pear, apple, grape, corn, tea leaf, spinach, Japanese mustard, soybean).

It is a schematic sectional drawing of the heating stirring apparatus used for the manufacturing method of the soil active material by preferable embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Heating stirring apparatus 12 Stirring tank 16 Rotating shaft 20 Rotating rod 24 Stirring means 28 Drive means 32 Burner

Claims (6)

A soil active material containing soluble calcium and magnesium. The soil active material of Claim 1 which contains 2.5-3.5 weight part calcium with respect to 1 weight part of said magnesium. The soil active material of Claim 1 or 2 whose pH is the range of 10.5-11.5. The soluble calcium is
A crop in which the content in the soil active material is 1/4 or less of the water-soluble calcium content in quicklime, but the calcium content in the crop obtained using the soil active material is obtained by using an equivalent amount of quicklime. The soil active material in any one of Claim 1 to 3 which has a form which becomes 2 times or more of calcium content of. The soil active material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which can be applied to the cultivation of cereals, fruits and vegetables. The soil active material according to claim 5, wherein the cereal, fruit and vegetable are selected from the group consisting of rice, wheat, plum, tomato, pear, apple, grape, corn, tea leaf, spinach, Japanese mustard spinach and soybean.

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