JP2004216431A - Dehydration apparatus suitable for dehydrating vegetable garbage - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an apparatus of easy operability which reduces volume of vegetable garbage and makes it in a fibrous state to facilitate its conversion to a compost. <P>SOLUTION: The vegetable garbage is crushed into fine pieces, dehydrated, its volume being reduced, and converted into the fibrous state. A crushing part 20 to crush the garbage to be dehydrated and a pressing part 30 to compress the crushed garbage to be dehydrated are equipped. The compressing part 30 is equipped with rollers 31-34 to apply pressure on the garbage to be dehydrated crushed in the crushing part 20, which is structured by an elastic body of non-water-absorption at least on the outer periphery. In this way the rollers 31-34 can apply suitable pressure on the vegetable garbage and squeeze it, while they deform adapting themselves to the irregular shapes of the vegetable garbage crushed by the crusher. Thus, the vegetable garbage can be squeezed to the suitable state for compost without unnecessary excessive crushing of the vegetable garbage. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a dewatering device suitable for dewatering vegetable waste.
[0002]
[Prior art]
When a farmer who grows vegetables ships harvested vegetables, so-called vegetable waste is generated in large quantities because dead leaves, extra leaves and roots are cut off. Also, in a factory that produces a large amount of vegetable salads and vegetable dishes, a large amount of vegetable waste is generated because unnecessary parts are cut off before cooking. Such a large amount of vegetable waste is bulky and has a large amount of water, so that it requires labor for handling and is difficult to use effectively. In the past, most of the waste was incinerated as waste, and not only could it not be effectively used as resources, but also the cost of incineration was high.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
If a large amount of vegetable waste can be easily composted, it can be effectively used and the cost of incineration is not required, but as described above, vegetable waste is bulky and has a lot of moisture, so it is difficult to compost as it is There is a problem.
[0004]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for reducing the volume of a dewatering target such as vegetable waste, making it easy to handle, and making it into a fibrous form that can be easily composted.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, a dewatering device of the present invention is one in which a dewatering target such as vegetable waste is finely crushed and subjected to a dehydration treatment to reduce the volume and make a fibrous form.
[0006]
Specifically, for example, the structure includes a crushing unit for crushing the dewatering target and a pressing unit for pressing the dewatering target crushed by the crushing unit. The squeezing unit includes a roller for applying pressure to the dewatering target crushed by the crushing unit, and at least the outer peripheral portion of the roller is formed of an elastic body having no water absorption. This allows the roller to apply an appropriate pressure to the vegetable waste while squeezing while deforming according to the irregularly shaped vegetable waste crushed by the crusher. Therefore, the fibers of vegetable waste can be squeezed to a state suitable for composting without unnecessarily crushing the fibers.
[0007]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
An apparatus for dewatering vegetable waste according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0008]
First, the overall configuration of the vegetable waste dewatering apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1, 2, and 3. FIG. As shown in the front view in FIG. 1, the top view in FIG. 2, and the side view in FIG. 3, the dewatering apparatus is disposed below the upper end of the belt conveyor 10 and the belt conveyor 10 inclined in the transport direction. Crusher 20 and a pressing unit 30 arranged below the crusher 20. 1, 2 and 3, the cover 15 is partially cut away to show the internal structure.
[0009]
The belt conveyor 10 includes an annular belt 11, and sprockets 12a and 12b arranged at upper and lower ends for driving the belt 11. The belt 11 is formed of a metal net formed by knitting a metal wire having a diameter of 1.6 mm into a 3 mm square grid. The belt 11 has roller chains 16a and 16b attached along both side ends. The roller chains 16a, 16b mesh with the sprockets 12a, 12b. The lower end sprocket 12b is connected to the rotating shaft 14a of the conveyor drive motor 14 by a chain 13, and is driven to rotate. The belt 11 is driven by the rotation of the sprocket 12b, and the vegetable waste mounted on the upper surface of the belt 11 is transported from the lower end to the upper end, and is dropped toward the crusher 20 below.
[0010]
Both sides and the lower surface of the belt 11 are covered by the cover 15. The side surface 15a of the cover 15 that covers both side surfaces of the belt 11 has an edge rising higher than the upper surface of the belt 11 in order to prevent vegetable chips from dropping from both sides of the belt 11. In addition, the cover 15 is raised one step higher in the lower end of the belt 11 from the three sides 15b and the lower end 15c, and forms an input port 15d for inputting vegetable waste to the upper surface of the belt 11. ing. Due to such a configuration, vegetable waste put in from the inlet 15d can be temporarily stored by the lower side portions 15b and the lower end surface 15c, and the stored vegetable waste is sequentially conveyed by the belt 11. can do.
[0011]
The crusher 20 is attached to the rotating shaft 21, nine sets of brackets 22 fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft 21 as shown in FIGS. Oscillating blades 24 and a container 27 for accommodating them. The bracket 22 has a structure in which two plate-like members face each other with a gap therebetween, and is provided upright on the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft 21. As shown in FIG. 7, the nine sets of brackets 22 are arranged at regular intervals in the axial direction of the rotating shaft 21 and are shifted by 90 degrees in the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft 21. On the other hand, the swing blade 24 has a structure in which two plate-like blades having a sharp blade edge 24a formed on one end surface are combined in a Y-shape. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the Y-shaped oscillating blade 24 has its end face provided with a blade edge 24a oriented in the direction of rotation of the rotary shaft 21 (the direction of the Y-shaped branch coincides with the axial direction of the rotary shaft 21). Then, the base is inserted between the two plate-like members of the bracket 22. A hole is provided at the base of the oscillating blade 24, and the oscillating blade 24 is fixed to the bracket 22 by the pin 23 penetrating the hole. The axial direction of the pin 23 is parallel to the axial direction of the rotating shaft 21. This allows the swing blade 24 to rotate within a certain angle range around the pin 23 while being supported by the bracket 22, and the rotation blade 24 rotates in the direction indicated by the arrow in FIG. (The circumferential direction of the shaft 21).
[0012]
The crusher 20 includes a motor 25 for rotating the rotating shaft 21. The rotating shaft 25 a of the motor 25 is connected to the rotating shaft 21 by a chain 26. The motor 25 drives the rotating shaft 21 to rotate at a high speed of about 800 rpm. With the rotation of the rotating shaft 21, the swing blade 24 rotates and the blade edge 24 a collides with the vegetable waste, and crushes the vegetable waste in the container 27. At this time, the oscillating blade 24 not only rotates around the rotating shaft 21 at high speed but also swings by colliding with vegetable waste while receiving centrifugal force due to the rotation. It moves like jumping irregularly. Thereby, since the rocking blade 24 collides with the vegetable waste at a moving speed higher than the rotation speed of the rotating shaft 21, the vegetable waste can be effectively crushed. In addition, since the swinging blade makes a complicated movement such as jumping irregularly, the number of times of collision with vegetable waste is increased as compared to a case where the blade is simply rotating, and vegetable waste can be efficiently crushed.
[0013]
The container 27 of the crusher 20 has an upper opening 27a and a lower opening 27b as shown in FIGS. A tubular chute 28 is connected to the upper opening 27a, and an upper portion of the chute 28 is connected to the cover 15 of the belt conveyor 10. Thereby, the vegetable scraps that have been transported and dropped by the belt conveyor 10 pass through the chute 28 as shown in FIG. 3 and are fed into the crusher 20 through the upper opening 17a. Further, the above-mentioned chute portion 28 has a length which promotes free fall of vegetable waste, and further, the diameter is reduced toward the crusher 20 side, so that the vegetable waste flows backward from the crusher 20 to the belt conveyor 10 side. Is prevented from doing so.
[0014]
On the other hand, a lower opening 27b of the crusher 20 is connected to an upper opening provided in the casing 44 in the squeezing unit 30. The vegetable waste crushed by the crusher 20 falls to the pressing unit 30 from the lower opening 27b. The lower opening 27b is provided with a slidable shutter 29 that can be opened and closed, and is configured so that vegetable scraps can be temporarily stored inside the crusher 20. If necessary, by closing the shutter 29, it is possible to remain in the crusher 20 until the vegetable waste is sufficiently crushed.
[0015]
As shown in FIG. 1, the squeezing unit 30 includes four rollers 31 to 34, cages 37 and 38 made of wire mesh, a housing 44 that houses these cages, and a motor 39. Each of the four rollers 31 to 34 has at least an outer peripheral portion formed of an elastic body having no water absorption. Here, the rollers 31 to 34 are entirely formed of urethane or rubber having no water absorption. Among the four rollers 31 to 34, the first roller 31 and the second roller 32, the second roller 32 and the third roller 33, and the third roller 33 and the fourth roller 34 are arranged such that their outer peripheral surfaces are in contact with each other. Have been. On the other hand, the gaps 41 and 42 are arranged between the first roller 31 and the third roller 33 and between the second roller 32 and the fourth roller 34 so as to be free. The gaps 41 and 42 are about 1 to 5 mm. The bearings that support the shafts of the four rollers 31 to 34 are configured so that the distance between the rollers 31 to 34 can be adjusted by moving the bearing part. , 42 are adjustable.
[0016]
In addition, a guide plate 43 that guides the dropping of vegetable chips to the upper surface of the first roller 31 is disposed in the upper opening of the housing 44. The width of the lower end of the guide plate 43 is narrowed in the axial direction of the first roller 31, and the vegetable scraps are configured to gather near the center of the first roller 31 in the axial direction.
[0017]
The rotation shaft 39a of the motor 39 is connected to the shafts of the first roller 31 and the third roller 33 by a chain 40, and rotates them in the same direction (the direction indicated by the arrow in FIG. 1). The second roller 32 and the fourth roller 34 rotate by being transmitted with a rotational motion by contacting the first roller 31 and the third roller 33. Thus, the vegetable waste can be sequentially sent while being pressed between the surfaces where the rollers are in contact with each other. First, the vegetable waste dropped from the crusher 20 is squeezed at the contact surface between the first roller 31 and the second roller 32, and then sent to the contact surface between the second roller 32 and the third roller 33 to further squeeze. Then, it is sent to the contact surface between the third roller 33 and the fourth roller 34 and squeezed. In the present embodiment, since the first to fourth rollers 31 to 34 are formed of an elastic body having no water absorption, the outer peripheral surfaces of the first to fourth rollers 31 to 34 have irregular shapes due to crushing. Appropriate pressure can be applied to the vegetable waste while squeezing while deforming according to the outer shape of the vegetable waste. Thereby, the fibers of the vegetable waste can be squeezed to a state suitable for composting without unnecessarily crushing the fibers.
[0018]
The squeezed residue squeezed by the third roller 33 and the fourth roller 34 is scraped off by the peeling blades 35 and 36 arranged along the outer peripheral surfaces of the third roller 33 and the fourth roller 34, respectively. It is stored in the placed basket 37. On the other hand, the juice drops from both side surfaces of the four rollers 31 to 34. Further, a part of the juice falls through the gap 41 into the basket 38 disposed below the gap.
[0019]
In addition, among the vegetable scraps (squeezed debris) squeezed on the contact surface between the first roller 31 and the second roller 32, the debris adhered to the second roller 32 side remains unchanged from the second roller 32 and the third roller 33. However, since the squeeze residue attached to the first roller 31 moves downward with rotation, it does not reach the contact surface between the second roller 32 and the third roller 33 as it is. Therefore, in the present embodiment, by utilizing the fact that the outer peripheral surface of the first roller 31 and the outer peripheral surface of the third roller 33 move in opposite directions in the gap 41, the outer peripheral surface of the first roller 31 The drawn scum is brought into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the third roller 33 to be peeled off from the outer peripheral surface of the first roller 31, adheres to the outer peripheral surface of the third roller 33, and is sent to the contact surface with the second roller 32. This stripping action can be performed with high efficiency by setting the gap 41 at an appropriate interval. Thereby, most of the squeeze residue attached to the first roller 31 can be sent to the contact surface between the second roller 32 and the third roller 33, and can be squeezed. A small part of the squeeze dust falls through the gap 41 and accumulates in the basket 38.
[0020]
The stripping action in the gap 41 also occurs in the gap 42 between the second roller 32 and the fourth roller 34, and the scraps adhered to the outer peripheral surface of the second roller 32 are peeled by the outer peripheral surface of the fourth roller 34. Then, it is attached to the outer peripheral surface of the fourth roller 34 and is sent to the contact surface with the third roller 33.
[0021]
Next, the entire operation of dewatering vegetable waste by the dewatering device of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 3 to 5.
[0022]
At the start of dehydration, the shutter 29 of the crusher 20 is kept closed as shown in FIG. The motors 14, 24, and 39 are operated to drive the belt conveyor 10, the crusher 20, and the pressing unit 30. Vegetable waste to be dewatered is introduced from the introduction port 15d of the belt conveyor 10 as shown in FIG. The thrown vegetable scraps are caught by the mesh belt 11 of the belt conveyor 10, conveyed sequentially without slipping, and fall from the upper end of the belt 11 as shown by arrows in FIGS. 1 and 3. The dropped vegetable waste passes through the chute 28 and is introduced into the crusher 20 through the upper opening 27a. Inside the crusher 20, since the swing blade 24 is rotating at a high speed (800 rpm), vegetable scraps collide with the swing blade 24 and are finely crushed. At this time, the oscillating blade 24 receives the centrifugal force due to the high-speed rotation and oscillates by colliding with the vegetable chips, so that the centrifugal force and the oscillating force combine to rotate around the rotating shaft 21 and cause the oscillating blade 24 to rotate. Make a jumping movement in the rules. By such a movement, the rocking blade 24 collides with vegetable waste at a speed higher than the rotation speed, effectively crushes the vegetable waste by impact, and also makes a complex movement to collide with vegetable waste. It is possible to increase and efficiently crush vegetable waste.
[0023]
At the start of the operation, since the amount of vegetable waste in the crusher 20 is small, the shutter 29 of the lower opening 27b of the crusher 20 is closed, and the vegetable waste is kept in the crusher 20 and sufficiently crushed. When sufficiently crushed, the shutter 29 is opened as shown in FIGS. When vegetable scraps are continuously dropped, when the shutter 29 is opened thereafter, vegetable scraps are crushed while rotating in the crusher 20, and are gradually discharged downward.
[0024]
Vegetable waste discharged from the crusher 20 slides down along the guide plate 43 of the squeezing unit 30 as shown in FIG. 4, rests on the first roller 31, and rotates as the first roller 31 rotates. Is fed to the contact surface between the roller and the second roller 32, and is squeezed between the rollers 31 and 32. The squeeze debris is fed into the contact surface between the second roller 32 and the third roller 33 by the rotational movement of the second roller 32 and the stripping action in the gap 41 between the third roller 33, and is further compressed. The aperture scrap is further fed into the contact surface between the third roller 33 and the fourth roller 34 by the rotational movement of the third roller 33 and the stripping action in the gap 42 between the fourth rollers 34, and is compressed again. The squeezed scrap is scraped off from the third roller 33 and the fourth roller 34 by the peeling blades 35 and 36, and is stored in the basket 37 as shown in FIGS.
[0025]
The juice drops from both side surfaces of each of the rollers 31 to 34 as shown in FIG. In addition, some juice drops from the gap 41 to the basket 38 as shown in FIG. A small amount of squeeze dust also falls from the gap 41 and is stored in the car 38.
[0026]
Vegetable waste discharged from the crusher 20 has an irregular shape, but since the outer peripheral surfaces of the first to fourth rollers 31 to 34 are formed of an elastic body having no water absorption, vegetable waste at the time of pressing. Appropriate pressure can be applied to the vegetable waste while deforming to conform to the outer shape of the vegetable. As a result, it is possible to squeeze the fibers of the vegetable waste to a water state suitable for composting without unnecessarily crushing the fibers.
[0027]
Analysis of the squeeze residue in the basket 37 in which most squeeze residue accumulates revealed that more than 90% of the water contained in the initial vegetable waste was squeezed out, and the weight and volume were reduced to one-tenth. Was. Most of the squeezed debris was only fibrous, the fibrous material was not crushed more than necessary, and had an air content suitable for composting that could be used as a fertilizer for fields. Moreover, the drawn scum had moderate viscosity and was easily entangled with the fibers, and was extremely easy to handle.
[0028]
As described above, by using the dewatering device of the present embodiment, vegetable waste that has been conventionally incinerated at high cost as garbage can be dewatered, and is suitable as a raw material for compost, and It can be made into a fibrous form that is easy to handle. Therefore, by using the dehydrating apparatus of the present embodiment in a factory or a farmhouse that handles food, it is possible to easily perform waste reduction and reuse and sanitary management.
[0029]
Note that, in the present embodiment, the case where the vegetable debris is dehydrated by the dehydrator has been described, but the object that can be dehydrated by the dehydrator of the present embodiment is not limited to vegetable waste. Agricultural products other than vegetables can be used for dehydration, including other products that have a large volume and a large amount of water.
[0030]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide an apparatus that reduces the volume of vegetable waste, is easy to handle, and has a fibrous form that is easy to compost.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a front view of a dehydrating apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a top view of the dewatering device of FIG.
FIG. 3 is a side view of the dewatering device of FIG.
FIG. 4 is a front view of the dehydrator of FIG. 1 when a shutter 29 is opened.
FIG. 5 is a side view of the dewatering device of FIG.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a detailed configuration of a crusher 20 in the dehydrator of FIG.
FIG. 7 is a view of the crusher 20 in FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Belt conveyor, 11 ... Belt, 12a, 12b ... Sprocket, 13 ... Chain, 14 ... Conveyor drive motor, 14a ... Rotating shaft, 15 ... Cover, 15a ... Side of cover, 15b ... Side of both sides of lower end of cover , 15c: lower end surface of the cover, 20: crusher, 21: rotary shaft, 22: bracket, 23: pin, 24: swing blade, 25: motor, 26: motor for crusher, 27: container, 28: chute Part, 29 shutter, 30 squeezed part, 31 first roller, 32 second roller, 33 third roller, 34 fourth roller, 35, 36 peeling blade, 37, 38 basket, 39 ... Motor, 40: chain, 41, 42: gap, 43: guide plate, 44: housing.

Claims (9)

A crushing unit for crushing the dewatering target, and a dewatering device having a pressing unit for pressing the dewatering target crushed in the crushing unit,
The squeezing unit is provided with a roller for applying pressure to the dewatering target crushed by the crushing unit, and the roller is formed at least in an outer peripheral portion thereof with an elastic body having no water absorption. . 2. The dewatering device according to claim 1, wherein the pressing unit has first, second, and third rollers as the rollers, and the first and third rollers are adjacent to each other with a gap between outer peripheral surfaces. 3. And the second roller is arranged such that the first and third rollers are in contact with the outer peripheral surface,
A rotation drive unit is connected to the shafts of the first and third rollers, and is driven to rotate in the same direction by the rotation drive unit. The second roller rotates by rubbing with the first and third rollers. A dewatering apparatus characterized in that the dewatering target is squeezed while being sequentially sandwiched between a contact surface between the first roller and the second roller and a contact surface between the second roller and the third roller. 3. The dewatering device according to claim 2, wherein the width of the gap between the first roller and the third roller is the width of the squeezed squeezed by a contact surface between the first roller and the second roller. 4. In order to remove the scum adhered to the outer peripheral surface of the first roller by the third roller in the gap, the scum of the outer peripheral surface of the first roller is set to contact the outer peripheral surface of the third roller. A dehydration apparatus characterized by being performed. The dewatering device according to claim 3, wherein the pressing unit further includes a fourth roller, wherein the fourth roller is provided with a gap equivalent to the gap between the first roller and the third roller. Adjacent to the second roller, and arranged to be in contact with the third roller,
A dewatering device, wherein the squeeze depressed on the contact surface between the second roller and the third roller is further pressed on the contact surface between the third roller and the fourth roller. 5. The dehydrating apparatus according to claim 4, wherein a peeling blade is provided on an outer peripheral surface of each of the third and fourth rollers to scrape off attached scum. The dewatering device according to claim 1, wherein the crushing unit includes a rotating shaft and a plurality of blades attached to an outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft, and the plurality of blades are arranged in a rotation direction of the rotating shaft. A dehydrating device having a swingable structure. 3. The dewatering device according to claim 2, wherein the blade portion has a Y-shaped tip whose tip is divided into two in the axial direction of the rotating shaft, and the divided portion is a rotating direction of the rotating shaft. 4. A dewatering device, characterized in that blades are formed on the sides facing each other. The dewatering device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the squeezing unit is arranged below the crushing unit, and a shutter that can be opened and closed is arranged between the crushing unit and the squeezing unit. A dehydrating device. The dewatering device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising a transport unit that transports the dehydration target to an upper portion of the crushing unit, wherein the transport unit includes a belt conveyor, and a belt of the belt conveyor is A dewatering device characterized by being made of a net.

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