JP2004204831A - Method of taking process for expanding longer than process for actually compressing four cycle diesel engine in terms of stroke - Google Patents
Method of taking process for expanding longer than process for actually compressing four cycle diesel engine in terms of stroke Download PDFInfo
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- JP2004204831A JP2004204831A JP2002383853A JP2002383853A JP2004204831A JP 2004204831 A JP2004204831 A JP 2004204831A JP 2002383853 A JP2002383853 A JP 2002383853A JP 2002383853 A JP2002383853 A JP 2002383853A JP 2004204831 A JP2004204831 A JP 2004204831A
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Description
【０００１】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、４サイクルディーゼルエンジンの、本当に圧縮する工程よりも膨張する工程の方を、ストロークで言うならば長く取る方法に関する。
【０００２】
また、ストロークで言うならば長く取った時、長く取り過ぎた時の対策に関する。
【０００３】
【従来の技術】
従来の４サイクルディーゼルエンジンにおいては、理論として、
圧縮比＝膨張比
であった。
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来の４サイクルディーゼルエンジンにあっては、理論（現実は、バルブ・タイミングなどで違う。）として、
圧縮比＝膨張比
の為、爆発に因って出たエネルギー（パワー、トルク）を、ピストン、そして、クランク・シャフトへと、充分伝えられないまま排出してしまう、と言う問題点があった。
【０００５】
また、本当に圧縮する工程よりも膨張する工程の方を、ストロークで言うならば長く取る４サイクルディーゼルエンジンにした時、長く取り過ぎた時には、膨張し過ぎて回転の抵抗になる、と言う問題点があった。
【０００６】
本発明は、４サイクルディーゼルエンジンの、本当に圧縮する工程よりも膨張する工程の方を、ストロークで言うならば長く取る方法を得る事を目的としており、さらに、ストロークを長く取り過ぎた時の対策を得る事を目的としている。
【０００７】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成する為に、本発明の、４サイクルディーゼルエンジンの、本当に圧縮する工程よりも膨張する工程の方を、ストロークで言うならば長くとる法方においては、圧縮工程の時、排気弁を、下死点で開き上死点の手前の間で閉じる。
【０００８】
そして、圧縮工程の時、排気弁を開け過ぎた時の対策として、膨張工程の時、空気が爆発に因って膨張し過ぎて回転の抵抗になる前に、吸気弁を開き下死点で閉じる。
【０００９】
【作用】
圧縮工程の時、排気弁を、下死点で開き上死点の手前の間で閉じる事に因り、
圧縮比＜膨張比
の工程が行える。
【００１０】
そして、圧縮工程の時、排気弁を開け過ぎた時の対策として、膨張工程の時、空気が爆発に因って膨張し過ぎて回転の抵抗になる前に、吸気弁を開き下死点で閉じる事に因り、回転する時の抵抗も少なくなり、さらに、
圧縮比＜膨張比
の比率の割合いが高く取れ、膨張工程もスムーズに行える。
【００１１】
【実施例】
実施例について図面を参照して説明すると、図１においては、４サイクルディーゼルエンジンの、本当に圧縮する工程よりも膨張する工程の方を、ストロークで言うならば長く取るエンジンの、弁の配置を示した横断面図である。
【００１２】
また、図１に示される吸気弁は、吸気工程の時、上死点で開き下死点で閉じる弁と、膨張工程の時、空気が爆発に因って膨張し過ぎて回転の抵抗になる前に開き下死点で閉じる弁、を兼ねた弁であり、排気弁は、排気工程の時、下死点で開き上死点で閉じる弁と、圧縮工程の時、下死点で開き上死点の手前の間で閉じる弁、を兼ねた弁である。
【００１３】
そして、図１に示される弁の数は、吸気弁と排気弁の２つであるが、他に、吸気弁を、吸気工程の時の吸気弁と、膨張工程の時、空気が爆発に因って膨張し過ぎて回転の抵抗になる前に開き下死点で閉じる弁、の２つに分けたり、排気弁を、排気工程の時の排気弁と、圧縮工程の時、下死点で開き上死点の手前の間で閉じる弁、の２つに分けた図が描けたり、また、吸排気弁を、３つ以上用いた図も描ける。
【００１４】
しかし、図１では、最低限必要な弁の数を示した図である。
【００１５】
また、膨張工程の時、空気が爆発に因って膨張し過ぎて回転の抵抗にならないのであれば、吸気弁を開く必要はない。
【００１６】
図２から図７に示される実施例では、４サイクルディーゼルエンジンの、本当に圧縮する工程よりも膨張する工程の方を、ストロークで言うならば長く取る、４サイクルディーゼルエンジンの工程と、ストロークを長く取り過ぎた時の対策の工程を示した図であり、図２から図７は、
図２ 吸気工程
吸気弁は開き、排気弁は閉じている（吸気弁は、吸気工程の時、上死点で開き下死点で閉じる弁と、膨張工程の時、空気が爆発に因って膨張し過ぎて回転の抵抗になる前に開き下死点で閉じる弁、を兼ねた弁であり、排気弁は、排気工程の時、下死点で開き上死点で閉じる弁と、圧縮工程の時、下死点で開き上死点の手前の間で閉じる弁、を兼ねた弁である。そして、図２に示される吸気弁は、閉じる直前の図である。）。
図３ 圧縮工程−１（空気の排気）
吸気弁は閉じ、排気弁は、下死点で開き上死点の手前の間で閉じる（図３に示される排気弁は、ピストンが約５分の４程、上昇した時点で閉じると仮定した図であり、閉じる直前の図でもある。）。
図４ 圧縮工程−２（燃料噴射）
吸気弁と排気弁は閉じている。
図５ 膨張工程−１
吸気弁は、空気が爆発に因って膨張し過ぎて回転の抵抗になる前に開き、そして、排気弁は閉じている（図５に示される吸気弁は、ピストンが約４分の３程、下降した時点で開くと仮定した図であり、開いた直後の図でもある）。
図６ 膨張工程−２（空気の吸気）
吸気弁は下死点で閉じ、排気弁も閉じている（図６に示される吸気弁は、閉じた直後の図である。）。
図７ 排気工程
吸気弁は閉じ、排気弁は開いている（図７に示される排気弁は、閉じる直前の図である。）。
を示す、縦断面図である。
【００１７】
また、図２から図７のバルブ・タイミングは、エンジンの目的、爆発回転数、回転数の上昇時、下降時に因って違うので、含まれていない。そして、ピストンの形状も、この図には含まれていない。
【００１８】
【発明の効果】
本発明は、以上説明した様に構成されているので、以下に記載される様な効果を奏する。
【００１９】
圧縮工程の時、排気弁を、下死点で開き上死点の手前の間で閉じる事に因り、
圧縮比＜膨張比
の式が成り立ち、従来の４サイクルディーゼルエンジンよりも、爆発に因って出たエネルギー（パワー、トルク）を、同じ量の燃料を消費するにあたって、ピストン、そして、クランク・シャフトへと、多く伝える事ができる。
【００２０】
また、爆発に因って出たエネルギーを、同じ量の燃料を消費するにあたって、ピストン、そして、クランク・シャフトへと、多く伝える事ができると言う事は、省資源、省エネルギーにつながる。
【００２１】
そして、膨張工程の時、空気が爆発に因って膨張し過ぎて回転の抵抗になる前に、吸気弁を開き下死点で閉じる事に因り、
圧縮比＜膨張比
の比率の割合が、さらに高くなり、それに因って排気ガスを空気で薄めるので、次の吸気の時に排気ガスがシリンダーの中に残る割り合いが少なくなり、次の燃料の時には、完全燃焼に近づくのと、膨張工程もスムーズに行える。
【００２２】
さらに、動力にはならないが、空燃比（混合比）の関係上、
圧縮比＜膨張比
になると言う事は、同じ排気量の同じ爆発回転数のエンジンでも、本当の燃料の消費が少ないので、低公害につながる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】４サイクルディーゼルエンジンの、本当に圧縮する工程よりも膨張する工程の方を、ストロークで言うならば長く取る方法の時の弁の配置を示す、横断面図である。
【図２】４サイクルディーゼルエンジンの、本当に圧縮する工程よりも膨張する工程の方を、ストロークで言うならば長く取る方法の工程を示す、縦断面図である（吸気工程）。
【図３】４サイクルディーゼルエンジンの、本当に圧縮する工程よりも膨張する工程の方を、ストロークで言うならば長く取る方法の時の工程を示す、縦断面図である（圧縮工程−１、空気の排気）
【図４】４サイクルディーゼルエンジンの、本当に圧縮する工程よりも膨張する工程の方を、ストロークで言うならば長く取る方法の時の工程を示す、縦断面図である（圧縮工程−２、燃料噴射）。
【図５】４サイクルディーゼルエンジンの、本当に圧縮する工程よりも膨張する工程の方を、ストロークで言うならば長く取る方法の時の工程を示す、縦断面図である（膨張工程−１）。
【図６】４サイクルディーゼルエンジンの、本当に圧縮する工程よりも膨張する工程の方を、ストロークで言うならば長く取る方法の時の工程を示す、縦断面図である（膨張工程−２、空気の吸気）
【図７】４サイクルディーゼルエンジンの、本当に圧縮する工程よりも膨張する工程の方を、ストロークで言うならば長く取る方法の時の工程を示す、縦断面図である（排気工程）。
【符号の説明】
１ 吸気弁（吸気工程の時、上死点で開き下死点で閉じる弁と、膨張工程の時、空気が爆発に因って膨張し過ぎて回転の抵抗になる前に開き下死点で閉じる弁、を兼ねた弁）
２ 排気弁（排気工程の時、下死点で開き上死点で閉じる弁と、圧縮工程の時、下死点で開き上死点の手前の間で閉じる弁、を兼ねた弁）
３ 燃料噴射器
４ 吸気管
５ 排気管
６ ピストン[0001]
[Industrial applications]
The present invention relates to a method of extending a stroke of a four-stroke diesel engine that takes longer to expand than to really compress.
[0002]
It also relates to measures to be taken when taking a long stroke or taking too long.
[0003]
[Prior art]
In a conventional four-cycle diesel engine, as a theory,
Compression ratio = expansion ratio.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In a conventional four-stroke diesel engine, the theory (actually, it depends on the valve timing etc.)
Due to the compression ratio = expansion ratio, there is a problem that energy (power, torque) generated by the explosion is discharged without being sufficiently transmitted to the piston and the crankshaft. .
[0005]
In addition, when a 4-stroke diesel engine that takes a longer stroke in terms of stroke than in a step of really compressing it, if it is taken too long, it will expand too much, resulting in rotational resistance. was there.
[0006]
An object of the present invention is to obtain a method of taking a longer stroke for a four-stroke diesel engine in a process of expanding than in a process of truly compressing, and furthermore, a countermeasure when the stroke is taken too long. The purpose is to get.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, in the method of the present invention, in which the expansion step of the four-stroke diesel engine is longer than the actual compression step in terms of stroke, the exhaust valve is used in the compression step. Open at the bottom dead center and close before the top dead center.
[0008]
Then, as a countermeasure when the exhaust valve is opened too much during the compression process, the intake valve is opened at the bottom dead center before the air expands too much due to the explosion and becomes rotational resistance during the expansion process. close.
[0009]
[Action]
During the compression process, the exhaust valve opens at the bottom dead center and closes before the top dead center,
The process of compression ratio <expansion ratio can be performed.
[0010]
Then, as a countermeasure when the exhaust valve is opened too much during the compression process, the intake valve is opened at the bottom dead center before the air expands too much due to the explosion and becomes rotational resistance during the expansion process. Due to the closing, the resistance when rotating decreases, and
The ratio of the compression ratio <the expansion ratio is high, and the expansion process can be performed smoothly.
[0011]
【Example】
Referring to the drawings, an embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows an arrangement of valves of an engine which takes a longer stroke in a process of expanding than a process of truly compressing a four-stroke diesel engine. FIG.
[0012]
Also, the intake valve shown in FIG. 1 has a valve that opens at the top dead center and closes at the bottom dead center during the intake process, and that the air expands too much due to the explosion during the expansion process, resulting in rotational resistance. The exhaust valve opens at the bottom dead center and closes at the top dead center during the exhaust process, and opens and closes at the bottom dead center during the compression process. This valve doubles as a valve that closes before the dead center.
[0013]
The number of valves shown in FIG. 1 is two, that is, an intake valve and an exhaust valve. In addition, the intake valve is used for the intake valve in the intake process and the air is exploded in the expansion process. And the valve is opened at the bottom dead center before it expands too much and becomes a resistance to rotation, and the exhaust valve is divided between the exhaust valve at the time of the exhaust process and the bottom dead center at the time of the compression process. It is possible to draw a figure divided into two, that is, a valve that closes before the top dead center, and a figure that uses three or more intake and exhaust valves.
[0014]
However, FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the minimum required number of valves.
[0015]
Also, during the expansion step, if the air expands too much due to the explosion and does not become a resistance to rotation, it is not necessary to open the intake valve.
[0016]
In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 to 7, in the four-stroke diesel engine, the expansion step is longer than the actual compression step in terms of the stroke, and the four-stroke diesel engine step and the stroke are longer. FIG. 2 to FIG. 7 are views showing steps of countermeasures when taking too much.
Fig. 2 Intake process The intake valve is open and the exhaust valve is closed. (The intake valve opens at the top dead center during the intake process and closes at the bottom dead center. The exhaust valve is a valve that opens and closes at the bottom dead center during the exhaust process, and a valve that opens at the bottom dead center and closes at the top dead center during the exhaust process. At this time, the valve also serves as a valve that opens at the bottom dead center and closes before the top dead center.The intake valve shown in FIG. 2 is a view immediately before closing.)
Figure 3 Compression process-1 (air exhaust)
The intake valve closes and the exhaust valve opens at bottom dead center and closes before top dead center. (The exhaust valve shown in FIG. 3 was assumed to close when the piston had risen about four-fifths. FIG. 5 and a diagram immediately before closing.)
Figure 4 Compression process-2 (fuel injection)
The intake and exhaust valves are closed.
Fig. 5 Expansion process-1
The intake valve opens before the air expands too much due to the explosion and resists rotation, and the exhaust valve closes (the intake valve shown in FIG. 5 shows that the piston is about three quarters , It is assumed that it opens when it descends, and it is also the figure immediately after opening.)
Figure 6 Expansion process-2 (air intake)
The intake valve is closed at the bottom dead center, and the exhaust valve is also closed (the intake valve shown in FIG. 6 is a view immediately after closing).
FIG. 7 The exhaust process intake valve is closed, and the exhaust valve is open (the exhaust valve shown in FIG. 7 is a diagram immediately before closing).
FIG.
[0017]
The valve timings in FIGS. 2 to 7 are not included because they differ depending on the purpose of the engine, the number of revolutions of the explosion, and when the number of revolutions rises and falls. Also, the shape of the piston is not included in this figure.
[0018]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention is configured as described above, and has the following effects.
[0019]
During the compression process, the exhaust valve opens at the bottom dead center and closes before the top dead center,
The equation of compression ratio <expansion ratio holds, and the energy (power, torque) generated by the explosion is consumed by the same amount of fuel as the piston and crankshaft compared to the conventional four-cycle diesel engine. You can tell a lot.
[0020]
In addition, the fact that the energy generated by the explosion can be transmitted to the piston and the crankshaft in consuming the same amount of fuel leads to resource and energy savings.
[0021]
Then, during the expansion process, before the air expands too much due to the explosion and becomes rotational resistance, the intake valve opens and closes at the bottom dead center,
Since the ratio of the compression ratio <the expansion ratio is further increased, and the exhaust gas is diluted with air, the proportion of the exhaust gas remaining in the cylinder at the next intake is reduced, and the ratio of the next fuel is reduced. Occasionally, the expansion process can be smoothly performed as the combustion approaches the complete combustion.
[0022]
Furthermore, although it does not become power, due to the air-fuel ratio (mixing ratio),
The fact that the compression ratio <the expansion ratio means that even engines with the same displacement and the same explosion speed will consume less real fuel, leading to lower pollution.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a four-stroke diesel engine showing the arrangement of valves in a method that takes a longer stroke, in terms of stroke, than a step of truly compressing.
FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a process of a method of taking a longer process in a stroke than in a process of truly compressing a four-stroke diesel engine in terms of a stroke (intake process).
FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a step of a method of taking a longer stroke in a four-stroke diesel engine in a process of expanding than in a process of truly compressing (compression process-1, air Exhaust)
FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a process of a method of taking a longer stroke of a four-stroke diesel engine in a process of expanding than in a process of truly compressing (compression process-2, fuel injection).
FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a process of a method of taking a longer stroke in a stroke of a four-stroke diesel engine than a truly compressing process (expansion process-1).
FIG. 6 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing a process of a method of taking a longer stroke in a four-stroke diesel engine in a process of expanding than in a process of truly compressing (expansion process-2, air Inspiration)
FIG. 7 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a step of a method of taking a longer stroke in a four-stroke diesel engine in a process of expanding than in a process of truly compressing (exhaust process).
[Explanation of symbols]
1. Intake valve (a valve that opens at top dead center and closes at bottom dead center during the intake process, and a valve that opens at bottom dead center during the expansion process before air expands too much due to the explosion and becomes rotational resistance Close valve, double valve)
2. Exhaust valve (valve that opens at bottom dead center and closes at top dead center during the exhaust process and valve that opens at bottom dead center and closes before top dead center during the compression process)
3
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002383853A JP2004204831A (en) | 2002-12-22 | 2002-12-22 | Method of taking process for expanding longer than process for actually compressing four cycle diesel engine in terms of stroke |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002383853A JP2004204831A (en) | 2002-12-22 | 2002-12-22 | Method of taking process for expanding longer than process for actually compressing four cycle diesel engine in terms of stroke |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2004204831A true JP2004204831A (en) | 2004-07-22 |
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ID=32818458
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002383853A Pending JP2004204831A (en) | 2002-12-22 | 2002-12-22 | Method of taking process for expanding longer than process for actually compressing four cycle diesel engine in terms of stroke |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2004204831A (en) |
-
2002
- 2002-12-22 JP JP2002383853A patent/JP2004204831A/en active Pending
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