JP2004196621A - Equipment and method for quality control-type composting - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide equipment and a method for quality control-type composting, wherein the appropriate time for turning is accurately grasped by continuously monitoring the progress of heaping, fermentation, and maturation at various locations in a yard without the need for sampling and wherein only the locations necessitating the turning are subjected to stirring operation. <P>SOLUTION: A plurality of heaping areas 3 are set in a yard 2 in the barn for heaping, fermenting, and maturating raw materials for compost, and the raw materials for compost are heaped at every heaping areas 3. A stirring machine 8 reciprocates over the yard 2 while holding a stirring part 10 at the upper part of waiting position, and the stirring machine 8 stirs the raw materials for compost at the heaping areas 3 while holding the stirring part 10 at the lower part of stirring position. The maturity of each raw materials for compost in the heaping areas 3 is estimated, and a stirring frequency is determined based on the correlation between the compost maturity, which is previously estimated by using the estimated maturity as an index, and a stirring frequency appropriate for the compost maturity. The raw materials for compost in the heaping areas 3 are stirred at a stirring frequency determined individually. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a quality control type composting method and equipment, and relates to a technique for fermenting compost of livestock manure and organic waste with high quality.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there is a method of composting and returning agricultural land as a method of recycling livestock manure and garbage. The composting process is performed by depositing compost raw materials such as livestock manure and garbage in a yard in the building and performing aerobic fermentation (sedimentary fermentation and decay). ) To promote composting. As a prior art related to this kind of technology, there is one described in Patent Document 1.
[0003]
[Patent Document 1] JP-A-53-17165
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, since compost raw materials are introduced into the yards at appropriate times at different times, the maturity of the compost deposited in various parts of the yard differs from one another. Since there is no method to easily analyze the fermentation state of compost and estimate its quality (maturity), samples are sampled manually at various places in the yard, and multiple samples such as moisture, pH, temperature, C / N, etc. are obtained for each sample. It takes time to estimate the compost quality (degree of maturity), and it is not possible to continuously monitor the progress of sedimentation fermentation and maturation at various places in the yard, and the machine is turned back with a stirrer It was difficult to know the right time. In addition, the turning-over is continuously performed on the entire yard by the stirrer, and regardless of the quality (maturity) of the compost, for example, it has to be stirred even when the stirring is inappropriate (deposition location).
[0005]
The present invention does not require compost maturity and sampling of compost, and by observing the progress of sedimentation and fermentation maturity at various places in the yard, it is possible to accurately grasp the time required for turning back, and only at the points where turning back is necessary. It is an object of the present invention to provide a quality control type composting method and equipment capable of performing a stirring operation.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a quality control type composting method according to claim 1 sets a plurality of deposition sections in a yard in a building where the compost raw material is deposited and fermented, and the compost raw material is provided for each deposition section. The stirrer is held at the lower standby position in each stacking section by a stirrer that reciprocates on the yard while holding the stirrer at the upper standby position, and stirs the compost raw material. Estimating the degree of maturity for each compost material of the stacking section, determine the stirring frequency based on the correlation between the maturity of the compost and the stirring frequency appropriate for the maturity determined in advance using the estimated maturity as an index, In this method, the compost raw material in each deposition section is stirred at a stirring frequency determined individually.
[0007]
The quality control type composting method according to claim 2 measures the odor intensity of the gas generated from the compost material in each stacking section by a sensor mounted on the stirrer while reciprocating the stirrer over a plurality of stacking sections on the yard. Then, based on the correlation between the preset odor intensity and the maturity, the maturity of the compost in the deposition section is estimated from the measured value of the odor intensity.
[0008]
In the quality control type composting method according to claim 3, the air is blown to the compost of each stacking section of the yard by a blowing means, and a blowing amount or a blowing time is determined for each compost of each stacking section based on the estimated maturity. Is what you do.
[0009]
In the quality control type composting equipment according to claim 4, a plurality of deposition sections are set along a yard wall on a yard in a building where the compost material is deposited and fermented, and reciprocated along the yard wall on the yard. The stirrer is provided with a stirrer that can move up and down over a lower stirring position for stirring the compost raw material and an upper standby position separated from the compost raw material.
[0010]
According to the above configuration, when compost materials such as livestock manure and garbage are deposited in the yard in the building and subjected to aerobic fermentation (sedimentary fermentation and decay), the stirrer moves the stirrer to a standby position above the compost material. The compost material can be moved to any stacking section while it is held, and the compost material can be agitated with a stirrer at any frequency for each stacking section. To supply the necessary air (oxygen) to the compost to promote the maturation of the compost and control the quality.
[0011]
In the quality control type composting equipment according to claim 5, the stirrer is provided with an odor sensor for measuring the odor intensity of the gas generated from the compost material.
With the above-described configuration, the correlation between the odor intensity and the maturity of the compost is obtained in advance, the odor intensity of the gas generated from the compost is measured by the odor sensor, and the odor intensity of the compost is estimated from the correlation using the odor intensity as an index. be able to.
[0012]
The quality control type composting equipment according to claim 6 has blowing means for blowing air to the compost of each stacking section of the yard, and the blowing means is capable of adjusting the amount or time of blowing air for each stacking section.
[0013]
With the above-described configuration, the amount of air (oxygen) according to the maturity can be supplied by controlling the operation time of the blowing means.
In the quality control type composting equipment according to claim 7, a hood for collecting gas generated from the compost material is provided in the stirrer so as to cover the upper part of the stirrer.
[0014]
According to the above configuration, the odor generated at the time of stirring can be efficiently collected without escaping to the outside, and the reliability of the measured odor intensity concentration can be increased.
[0015]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 to 4, a yard 2 for depositing and fermenting and composting compost materials is provided inside a house 1, and a plurality of deposition sections 3 are virtually set in the yard 2. Each of the stacking sections 3 of the yard 2 has one side adjacent to the yard wall 1a and the other side facing the yard wall 1a adjacent to the carry-in / out passage 4. In the yard 2, an air supply system 5 for supplying air to the compost material is provided in a groove (not shown) formed on the bottom surface of the yard 2, and the air supply system 5 is supplied from a blower 6 as shown in FIG. A valve 7 is provided for individually controlling the amount of air to be blown or the blowing time in each of the deposition sections 3.
[0016]
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the stirrer 8 disposed in the yard 2 includes a cart 9 and a stirrer 10, and the cart 9 runs on a rail 11 provided on the top of the yard wall 1 a, and the other side moves on a rail 11. The vehicle runs on the yard 2 along the passage 4. The stirrer 10 has a lifting platform 12 provided on the carriage 9 so as to be rotatable about the axis of a horizontal support shaft 13, and the lifting platform 12 holds a rotor 14. The rotor 14 is provided with a plurality of forks 15 a radially around a rotation shaft 15, and a driven sprocket 16 provided on one side of the rotor 14 is connected to a drive sprocket 18 of a rotation drive motor 17 provided on the lift base 12 by a chain 19. Are interlocked and linked.
[0017]
A cylinder device 20 is provided between the carriage 9 and the elevating gantry 12 so as to rotate the agitating unit 10 around the axis of the horizontal support shaft 13 between the upper standby position and the lower agitating position to drive the agitating unit 10 up and down. Further, a hood 21 that covers an upper portion of the rotor 14 is provided on the elevating gantry 12. The carriage 9 is provided with a traveling drive motor 24 for rotating the wheels 22 with a chain 23. An odor sensor 25 is provided inside the hood 21, and the odor sensor 25 is connected to a control device 26.
[0018]
The odor sensor 25 is made of a metal oxide semiconductor and outputs in response to the molecules of the component substances of the gas generated from the compost. The output value changes depending on the number (concentration) of the number of molecules in contact with the metal oxide semiconductor. The control device 26 receives the output of the odor sensor 25 and controls the stirrer 8 as described later.
[0019]
Hereinafter, the operation of the above configuration will be described. Compost raw materials such as livestock excrement and garbage are put into each of the accumulation sections 3 of the yard 2 in the building in appropriate amounts at different times. For this reason, the maturity of the compost deposited at various places in the yard 2 differs from one another.
[0020]
As a preliminary preparation for quality control, data on the correlation between the odor intensity of the gas generated from the compost and the maturity is collected. For this reason, in the yard 2 of the building, samples of compost in the sedimentation compartment where the progress of the sedimentation fermentation and maturation are different are collected, and a plurality of items such as moisture, pH, temperature, and C / N are measured for each sample, and the measurement results are obtained. , The degree of progress of the maturity is evaluated, and the maturity (evaluation value) is determined by a human judgment as to which of a plurality of predetermined stages. Further, a correlation between the maturity (evaluation value) and an appropriate stirring frequency is set based on an empirical rule.
[0021]
On the other hand, while moving the stirrer 8 along the yard 2, the gas generated from the compost at the place where the sample is collected is measured by the odor sensor 25, and the output value is defined as the odor intensity. Then, a correlation is defined from the determined maturity of each sample and the odor intensity of each sample, and the correlation data is stored in the control device 26.
[0022]
Next, the odor intensity of the gas generated from the compost material in each of the deposition sections is measured by the odor sensor 25 while the stirrer 8 is reciprocated over the plurality of deposition sections 3 in the yard 2. At this time, the odor can be efficiently collected by the hood 21 without diverging to the outside, and the reliability of the measured odor intensity concentration can be increased. The control unit 26 estimates the maturity of the compost of the storage section 3 from the measured value of the odor intensity based on the correlation between the odor intensity and the maturity using the measured odor intensity as an index. 3 and the progress of maturity is managed in all the deposition sections 3.
[0023]
Then, the agitation frequency is determined based on the correlation between the maturity of the compost and the agitation frequency obtained in advance, using the maturity estimated for each compost material in each of the accumulation sections 3 as an index. The compost materials No. 3 are stirred by the stirrer 8 at a stirring frequency determined individually.
[0024]
Stirring is performed in a state where the stirrer 8 is arranged in the target deposition section 3, the stirrer 10 is held at the lower stirring position, the drive sprocket 18 is driven by the rotation drive motor 17, and the chain 19 and the driven sprocket 16 are moved. The rotor 14 is driven to rotate, and the compost material is stirred by the fork 15a. When continuously stirring the adjacent deposition sections 3 in this state, the traveling drive motor 24 is driven, the wheels 22 are driven via the chain 23, and the agitator 8 travels.
[0025]
When the stirrer 8 is moved to an arbitrary deposition section 3, the cylinder device 20 is driven to rotate the elevating gantry 12 around the horizontal support shaft 13, and the stirrer 10 is run while being held at the standby position.
[0026]
The air blown by the blower 6 to the compost of each stacking section 3 in the yard 2 is controlled based on the estimated maturity, and each valve 7 is opened and closed according to an instruction from the control device 26 to compost each stacking section 3. The blowing amount or the blowing time is determined every time.
[0027]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, when compost raw materials such as livestock manure and garbage are deposited in a yard in a house and aerobic fermented (sedimentary fermentation and decay), the compost raw materials are optionally added to each of the deposition sections. Can be agitated with a stirrer at the required frequency, so that necessary air (oxygen) is supplied to the compost by switching back to the compost with different maturity at the appropriate timing in each deposition section to promote the maturation of the compost. Can manage. The odor intensity of the gas generated from the compost is measured by the odor sensor, and the degree of maturity of the compost is estimated from the correlation using the odor intensity as an index, so that the switching frequency can be adjusted. By controlling and controlling the blower means based on the estimated maturity, an air amount (oxygen) corresponding to the maturity can be supplied.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a quality control type composting facility according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a front view of the stirrer in the embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a side view of the stirrer in the embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a quality control type composting facility in the embodiment.
[Explanation of symbols]
Reference Signs List 1 building 1a yard wall 2 yard 3 stacking section 4 passage 5 air supply system 6 blower 7 valve 8 stirrer 9 cart 10 stirrer 11 rail 12 elevating pedestal 13 horizontal support shaft 14 rotor 15 rotation shaft 15a hawk 16 driven sprocket 17 rotation drive Motor 18 Drive sprocket 19 Chain 20 Cylinder device 21 Hood 22 Wheels 23 Chain 24 Travel drive motor 25 Odor sensor 26 Control device

Claims (7)

Multiple composting compartments are set up in a yard in a building where fermentation and fermentation of compost materials are to be performed. A stirrer is used to stir the compost material in each stacking section while holding the stirrer at the lower stirring position.Estimating the maturity of each compost material in each stacking section, and indicating the estimated maturity Determining the stirring frequency based on the correlation between the degree of maturity of the compost obtained in advance and the appropriate stirring frequency for the degree of maturity, and agitating the compost material in each of the deposition sections at the individually determined stirring frequency. Quality control type composting method. While the stirrer is reciprocating over a plurality of stacking sections on the yard, the odor intensity of the gas generated from the compost material in each stacking section is measured by an odor sensor equipped on the stirrer. The quality control type composting method according to claim 1, wherein the maturity of the compost in the accumulation section is estimated from the measured value of the odor intensity based on the correlation. The air is blown to the compost of each stacking section of the yard by a blowing means, and a blowing amount or time is determined for each compost of each stacking section based on the estimated maturity. Quality control type composting method. Set up a plurality of stacking sections along the yard wall on the yard in the building where the compost raw materials are deposited and fermented and rotten. A quality control type composting facility characterized in that a stirrer that can be moved up and down is provided between the agitating position and an upper standby position separated from the compost material. The quality control type composting equipment according to claim 4, wherein the stirrer is provided with an odor sensor for measuring the odor intensity of the gas generated from the compost raw material. The quality according to claim 4 or 5, further comprising a blowing means for blowing air to compost of each stacking section of the yard, wherein the blowing means is capable of adjusting a blowing amount or a blowing time for each stacking section. Management type composting equipment. The quality control type composting equipment according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein a food for collecting gas generated from the compost material is provided in the stirrer so as to cover an upper part of the stirrer.

Images