JP4273384B2 - Organic substance decomposition reaction evaluation test equipment by microorganisms - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention composts organic waste such as municipal waste (such as waste), sewage sludge, and agricultural waste generated in our daily lives to determine the optimum conditions necessary for treatment. The present invention relates to an organic substance decomposition reaction evaluation test apparatus.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, particularly in urban areas, the environment is deteriorating due to a lot of secondary pollution caused by bad smell caused by organic waste, wild dogs, traps, etc., and when treating this organic waste, Composting by the action of microorganisms is used as an effective means.
[0003]
Regarding the composting, in the prior art examples, various indicators for knowing the progress of composting processing and the quality of the composted product are generally reported, and the maturity is an especially important indicator. The maturity is evaluated by measuring, for example, the amount of carbon dioxide generated, the amount of generated compounds, oxygen activity, seed germination, residual amount of organic matter, C / N ratio, temperature change, object color, etc. In general, methods such as chromatography, weight measurement, ultraviolet absorption, germination experiment, temperature measurement method, and visual observation are used, but such a method is a complicated operation, and the results are ambiguous and unreliable. .
[0004]
In addition, the total organic carbon content in the liquid phase obtained by solvent extraction of the composted product of organic matter and the respiration rate due to biodegradation are measured, and the change over time in the total organic carbon amount at the time of measurement and the respiration rate due to biodegradation is measured. Determining the maturity of composted products as an index, measuring respiration rate due to biodegradation of solid phase of organic composted products, and composting product as a function of changes in respiration rate over time due to biodegradation There is an evaluation method for judging the degree of maturation of the rice. (See, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-83137)
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the conventional evaluation method and apparatus for judging the degree of ripening, the decomposition reaction state of the composted product and the decomposition reaction state of the biodegradable material are measured by expensive chromatography or infrared gas absorption requiring special handling techniques. However, the present invention aims to solve such a problem.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Carbon dioxide generated in the maturation vessel consists of a maturation vessel that detects the sample weight and supplies oxygen (air) necessary for maturation, and a stirrer that stirs the sample in the maturation vessel to promote uniform maturation. Organic substance decomposition reaction evaluation test equipment by microorganisms that controls the aging environment by the concentration of hydrogen ions, temperature, and humidity.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
First, the outline of the apparatus of the present invention will be described with reference to drawings. Automatic weighing means A for measuring the weight of the organic waste contained in the aging container, and a sample of the aging container while moving the blade up and down and rotating and revolving. Stirring means B that stirs without stirring, and an arithmetic unit C that feedback-controls the aging environment based on detection data such as temperature, moisture, pH, and carbon dioxide for the operation of the stirring means B.
[0008]
Hereinafter, the above-mentioned means will be described in detail. A mechanism portion is provided in the front right half of the machine casing 1, and the automatic weighing means A near the lower end is provided with a pair of guide rails 2 at the lower end of the machine casing 1. 2 is horizontally installed in the front-rear direction, and on the rails 2 and 2, the moving frame 3 of the aging container 8 is supported by the double rollers 4 and 4 interposed in the front-rear and left-right directions so as to be easily moved back and forth.
[0009]
An aging container 8 is detachably mounted on the movable frame 3 at a predetermined position on the upper surface thereof, and a bottom plate 9 of the aging container 8 is formed by three protrusions 5 connected to the load cell 6 on the support member 7. The weight of the organic waste in the aging container is automatically measured.
[0010]
The support member 7 is suspended at both ends thereof by linkages 12 and 12 interlocking with a load applying / removing mechanism 34 described later.
[0011]
The sample agitating means B is located above the aging container 8 and is installed on a lifting plate 14 guided by guide rails 13 and 13 provided vertically at the front and rear of the machine frame 1 and at the four left and right corners. As shown in FIG. 4, a hollow shaft 17 fitted with a bevel gear 16 at its upper end is pivotally supported via a bearing in a sheath cylinder 15 placed on the lower surface of the elevating plate 14. In the hollow shaft 17, a tube body 19 that holds sensors 18 for temperature, moisture, pH, and the like is appropriately installed (not rotatable) on the elevating plate 14 at the center thereof.
[0012]
A deep-bottomed lid 20 that is in contact with the mouth end of the container 8 is fitted to the lower portion of the sheath tube 15 so that it can be slid down with its own weight while being airtight between the sheath tube 15 and the bellows 21. A rotating plate 24 that pivotally supports the shaft 23 of the planetary gear 22 is fitted to the lower end portion of the hollow shaft 17, and the planetary gear 22 is fitted to the lower end of the sheath cylinder 15; At the same time, the stirring blades 26 and 26 are attached to the lower ends of the two shafts 23 so as to be freely fitted and detached.
[0013]
Further, on the upper surface of the lift plate 14, a motor M ₂ , which interlocks a bevel gear 27 that meshes with the bevel gear 16 via a chain band 28 (FIG. 3), is installed. A pair of screw shafts 30, 30 pivoted on the upper horizontal support plate 29 are respectively screwed, and each screw shaft is connected to a chain ring 31 at the output shaft end of the lifting motor M ₁ installed on the lower surface of the horizontal support plate 29. A chain band is stretched between the chain rings 32 on the 30 and 30.
[0014]
On the other hand, the linkages 12, 12 connected to the both ends of the support member 7 of the load cell 6 vertically slidably pass through the elevating plate 14 and the upper horizontal support plate 29, and the upper end is moored so as not to fall off the support plate 29. In addition, a connecting piece c (FIG. 5) is mounted on the linkages 12 and 12, and straddles the connecting piece c and a support member d (FIG. 4) projecting inside the machine casing 1. Thus, four links are formed by connecting two sets of links a and b in series, and a spindle 33 is provided on the elevating plate 14 so as to protrude from the connecting portion of the links a and b. The hanging mechanism 34 is configured.
[0015]
In addition, an air supply port 11 is provided in the space between the bottom 10 and the bottom plate 9 at the bottom of the aging container 8, and a carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) outlet is provided at the upper bottom of the lid 20. 35 is provided.
[0016]
Further, the left half of the machine casing 1 has a mechanism operation unit such as the motors M ₁ and M ₂ , a control unit for controlling the supply amount of air, that is, oxygen, initial temperature setting, and the maturity of organic waste. Various functions such as a data collection unit such as the amount of carbon dioxide, temperature, humidity (moisture), pH, etc. that accompanies progress, an arithmetic processing unit that obtains a quantitative correlation based on a pre-measured sample weight, and a recording unit Equipped with the centralized control device C provided.
[0017]
Although the configuration of the present invention has been described in detail above, for example, the load applying / removing mechanism 34 does not necessarily need to be configured by a link and a spindle, and may use fluid pressure such as an oil cylinder or an air cylinder. Each of the above sections is merely an example, and is not limited to the above, but includes the scope of equivalent technology.
[0018]
Next, a series of operations will be described. First, as an example, 5 kg of dried food prepared to a moisture content of about 50% is accommodated in an aging container 8, and the container 8 is left at a predetermined position on the movable frame 3 drawn forward and placed into the apparatus. inserted, the screw shaft 30, 30 by driving the motor _{M 1} in a low speed is notwithstanding et lowered guided by guides 13 a lifting plate 14 rotates (FIG. 1).
[0019]
Communicating rod 12 is held by the upper horizontal support plate 29, moreover one end of the link b is not lowered because it is pivotally connected to the support member d on the machine frame 1, a motor M _2, spindle body 33, the sheath The cylinder 15, the lid 20 supported by the cylinder 15, the planetary gear mechanism, the pipe body 19 and the like all descend.
[0020]
The bulging portions (heads) of the two spindles 33 and 33 facing each other from the position immediately before the lower end surface of the lid 20 meets the end surface of the container 8 begin to press against the connecting portions of the links a and b. A stretching force acts on the links a and b to push up the linkage 12 at the connecting piece c, and lift the lower end support member 7 accordingly.
[0021]
Therefore, the protrusion 5 faces the upper part through the through hole of the movable frame 3 and presses against the lower surface of the container bottom plate 9 at its upper end surface to lift the container from the movable frame 3 so that the load of the object in the container is supported. It acts on the load cell 6 on the member 7, and as a result, the weighing of the load is started.
[0022]
Further, the spindle 33 is lowered together with the elevating plate 14, and the bulging portion is separated by passing through the connecting portions of the links a and b, so that the linkage 12 is lowered by its own weight and the contact between the protrusion 5 and the bottom plate 9 is released. The weight measurement is finished.
[0023]
Then eventually, becomes airtight sealed when the lower end surface of the lid 20 on the upper end face are in contact (the state of FIG. 6) by the container 8 the lid 20 of the ripening container 8, at the same time the motor M ₁ of the control circuit Is switched to repeated up and down movement within the depth of the container.
[0024]
Here now joined by the driving of the motor M _2, since the hollow shaft 17 via a bevel gear 27,16 is rotated thereby rotating the rotation plate 24 which is attached to the shaft lower end, the connection with this The planetary gear 22 on the rotating plate 24 revolves around the fixed gear 25 at the lower end of the sheath cylinder 15 and starts rotating.
[0025]
That is, if the shaft 23 rotates, it revolves around the fixed gear 25 and, in combination with the vertical movement of the sheath tube 15, stirs the contents in the container thoroughly, and at the same time, air, that is, the activity of microorganisms from the air supply port 11. Oxygen is replenished for carbonization, carbon dioxide is collected from the take-out port 35, and information such as hydrogen ion concentration, temperature change, humidity change, etc. is captured by the sensor 18 as time lapse and sent to the calculation control unit C Information processing.
[0026]
In addition, the raising / lowering of the said stirring blade has taken the control method which can change freely the operation | movement aspect (stirring speed or revolution, rotation) as needed, and the carbon dioxide generation speed (mol / h / g) in the above operation | movement. FIG. 8 shows the time-dependent change (hr) in FIG. 8, and the present apparatus obtains more accurate results by continuously measuring the carbon dioxide and the weight as compared with the case of sampling measurement by the conventional organic substance decomposition means. It is done.
[0027]
Further, FIG. 9 shows a sample in which a sample is taken out every about 24 hours and a reaction rate is calculated, and a change with time (hr) of a decomposition reaction rate (%) obtained by continuous measurement with this apparatus. In this figure, the result of sampling every hour and the result of automatic continuous measurement do not necessarily match, but this may affect the decomposition reaction rate of the compost, the sampling part, that is, the sampling location and the variation in the sampling amount, etc. This is considered to be an error caused by.
[0028]
Therefore, in the apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to obtain a smooth characteristic as shown in FIG. 9 (solid line) by continuously measuring the amount of carbon dioxide generated and the weight, and it can be seen that the process proceeds without limit as time passes. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a highly accurate decomposition reaction rate.
[0029]
Therefore, in the apparatus of the present invention, it is clear that by continuously stirring, the generated amount of carbon dioxide is stabilized and the generated total amount is large, and the decomposition reaction of the organic matter is performed efficiently.
[0030]
In the present invention, when composting organic waste, by collecting a lot of data while changing various conditions, it is possible to easily determine which condition is most suitable for each type and efficiently composting. Can be promoted.
[0031]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention uses a sealed aging container and supplies air (oxygen) necessary for activating microorganisms, while the temperature, humidity, hydrogen ion concentration (pH), carbon dioxide generation amount and other various gas generation amounts, etc. Since the aging conditions are controlled from the data, the decomposition reaction state during composting of organic waste such as municipal waste, sewage sludge and agricultural waste, the decomposition reaction state of biodegradable materials, etc. The equipment cost is significantly reduced without the need for expensive analyzers such as chromatography and infrared gas absorption devices.
[0032]
In addition, the decomposition reaction state of organic waste during composting and the decomposition reaction state of biodegradable materials are handled without using any chromatography or infrared gas absorption device. Therefore, it is possible to provide a highly versatile device that can be used in operation very easily.
[0033]
Since there are many types of organic waste and microbial degradability is different, the scale of each device is the same even if the device has the same processing amount (weight). By evaluating the decomposability, the size (scale) of the device required for composting can be determined, which is indispensable for the device design.
[0034]
To develop biodegradable plastics, it is necessary to evaluate the degradability in the composting process. As for degradability, a standard method is a method of measuring the difference in CO ₂ generation amount between the case where no biodegradable plastic is added and the case where the biodegradable plastic is not added. However, although there is no reliable and accurate testing machine, the test apparatus of the present invention is most suitable for evaluating the degradability of biodegradable plastics.
[0035]
Composting progresses in the process of decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms, and it is considered to add specially active microorganisms to speed up composting, but even if it is effective in pure culture in test tubes, actual organic waste It is almost ineffective in mixed microbial systems that are both non-pure cultures. Therefore, in order to screen for effective microorganisms in the composting process, it is essential to develop a special testing machine for confirming the effects of microorganisms in a mixed microorganism system of organic waste. The test apparatus of the present invention can easily verify the effect of the inoculated microorganism (added microorganism).
[0036]
In addition, many composting devices are currently on the market, but some of them are actually well decomposed or only dried and crushed. However, if a compost produced from such a composting apparatus is subjected to a decomposition test using the apparatus of the present invention, it can be easily determined how much organic matter has been decomposed by these composting apparatuses. That is, the performance of the composting apparatus can be accurately evaluated. Therefore, the device of the present invention is a test device indispensable for development.
[Brief description of the drawings]
1 is a front view of the apparatus of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a right side view of the same. FIG. 3 is a plan view of the same. FIG. 4 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of a main part of the same. 6] Partial front view showing the operating state of the mechanism part of the present invention. [FIG. 7] Partial front view showing the progress of the operation. [FIG. 8] Data showing the change with time in temperature and carbon dioxide according to the present invention. Example data showing changes over time in temperature and carbon dioxide [Explanation of symbols]
A Automatic metering means B Stirring means 8 Aging container 11 Air supply port 18 Sensor 26, 26 Stirring blade 35 Carbon dioxide outlet

Claims (1)

  In the organic matter decomposition reaction evaluation apparatus, the support member 7 is horizontally held at the lower ends of the linkages 12 and 12 which are controlled by the load application / removal mechanism 34 and move up and down. A projection support base having a plurality of projections 5 and 5 mounted thereon is placed on the guide rails 2 and 2 that are arranged in parallel to the front and rear in the lower part of the machine frame 1 via guide rollers 4 and 4 respectively. When the mobile pedestal 3 for supporting the aging container 8 is disposed above the protrusions 5 and 5 and the bottom plate of the aging container 8 is received by the upper ends of the protrusions 5 and 5 from the through holes formed in the mobile pedestal 3 An organic matter decomposition reaction evaluation test apparatus using microorganisms, characterized in that the organic matter in the aging container 8 is measured.

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