CN218240044U - Control system based on plastic biodegradation - Google Patents
Control system based on plastic biodegradation Download PDFInfo
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- CN218240044U CN218240044U CN202221046253.9U CN202221046253U CN218240044U CN 218240044 U CN218240044 U CN 218240044U CN 202221046253 U CN202221046253 U CN 202221046253U CN 218240044 U CN218240044 U CN 218240044U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a control system based on plastics biodegradable, including a plurality of ways compost device, air supply, control system, measure passageway, tail gas pipeline all the way, connect reference gas circuit, PC system all the way of air supply. The utility model discloses a control system combines flow controller, flowmeter, temperature and humidity sensor, carbon dioxide sensor, manometer, oxygen concentration sensor, controls the entire system environment, and the indication through preceding flow controller, back flowmeter is poor, judges whether to have in the flow path to leak, if reveal and report to the police and export if. And finally, carrying out comprehensive analysis on various data fed back by the control system through the PC terminal to obtain an immediate value and an accumulated value of the carbon dioxide quality obtained by the biological decomposition of each path, and finally obtaining the corresponding biological decomposition percentage. The utility model discloses the system can realize automatic monitoring and test completely. The utility model discloses the system can realize automatic monitoring and test completely, and whole monitoring test is controlled completely.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a control system based on plastics biodegradable.
Background
Although the composting method for measuring the biodegradation performance of plastics has short time, the composting method can truly simulate the degradation condition of materials under natural conditions, and experimental equipment is relatively simple and cheap, and the experimental result is satisfactory, so that the composting method becomes a generally accepted experimental method at home and abroad. In the last decade, the composting method is used at home and abroad to carry out biodegradation tests on PLA, PBS, polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), PCL and starch-based biodegradable plastics, and the results show that the materials have good compostability. Compost is generally generated in a composting device by organic matters in municipal solid wastes, and can also be generated in the composting device by garden and farmland wastes or a mixture of garden wastes and municipal solid wastes, and different composting generation conditions and other environmental conditions have great influence on the biodegradability of materials. Sz-raz et al found: the mass ratio of the test sample to the compost soil and the air flow rate have a large influence on the biodegradability of the material. Yang H S research finds that the storage temperature and the storage time of the compost soil used in the experiment have great influence on the biodegradability of PCL and PBS, and the degradation behavior of a reference material (cellulose) is not influenced basically. Yang H S results show that: the powder material has higher degradation speed and higher degradation degree than the film material; the size of the membrane material also has a certain influence on the degradability. Way et al investigated the effect of different designs of composting reactor and aeration on the biodegradability of materials, and found that the better designed composting reactor and better aeration can increase the biodegradability of materials from 72% to 81%.
Currently, in the test of the biodegradation capacity and the disintegration capacity of plastics, the real-time online monitoring of the moisture content in solid compost cannot be realized. The control of the moisture of the compost is necessary, but is a commonly encountered problem, namely, the moisture in a compost container cannot be controlled, the condition of over humidification or over drying of the compost easily occurs, the growth of microorganisms is greatly inhibited, and the whole test fails if the adjustment and the control cannot be performed in time.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model provides an intelligent control and analysis system based on plastic biodegradation, capable of realizing intelligent control, analysis and detection.
The utility model provides a technical scheme who has the problem is: a control system based on plastic biodegradation comprises a plurality of composting devices, an air source, a control system, a tail gas pipeline, a measuring passage and a reference gas circuit connected with the air source. And the reference gas circuit is sequentially provided with a flow controller and a second multi-way valve communicated with the measurement passage. The measuring passage comprises a temperature and humidity sensor, a condenser, a gas-liquid separator and a gas detection structure which are sequentially arranged on the measuring passage, and the gas detection structure comprises a carbon dioxide sensor, a flowmeter, a pressure gauge and an oxygen concentration sensor which are arranged on the measuring passage. Each composting device is provided with an air pipeline connected with an air source and a water pipeline for supplementing water, each air pipeline is provided with a flow controller, each composting device is also provided with an air outlet pipeline, the air outlet pipelines are respectively communicated with a measuring passage and a tail gas pipeline, and the air outlet pipelines are respectively provided with a valve body capable of controlling the on-off of the measuring passage and a valve body capable of controlling the on-off of the tail gas pipeline; each water pipeline is provided with a normally closed electromagnetic valve, the valve body connected with the measuring passage is a normally open valve body, and the valve body connected with the tail gas pipeline is a normally closed valve body. The control system is connected with and controls the opening and closing of each valve body, the second multi-way valve and each normally closed electromagnetic valve, and is connected with and acquires information of each flow controller, each flow meter, each temperature and humidity sensor, each carbon dioxide sensor and each oxygen concentration sensor; the control system is connected with and controls the driving motor of each composting device. As a further improvement, the plurality of ways are twelve ways; the second multi-way valve is a three-way valve.
As a further improvement, the composting device also comprises an air source pipeline which is connected with the reference air channel and each composting device air channel; the water source pipeline is connected with the water pipeline of each composting device and is provided with a water supplementing container for supplementing water; a peristaltic pump is arranged on the water source pipeline; the water source pipeline is provided with a third three-way valve connected with a water return pipeline arranged on the gas-liquid separator; the control system is connected with and controls the opening and closing of the corresponding port of the third three-way valve.
As a further improvement, the tail gas pipeline is arranged in the tail gas absorption solution at the terminal.
As a further improvement, the air pipeline and the water pipeline are connected to the bottom of the composting device; the PC system is connected with a printer.
As a further improvement, the air source is air.
As a further improvement, the device also comprises a tail gas processor which is connected with a tail gas pipeline and a final outlet of the measuring passage; and the tail gas processor is provided with a tail gas parallel pipeline connected with each tail gas pipeline.
As a further improvement, the composting device comprises a composting container, a stirring motor arranged on the composting container, a stirring shaft arranged in the composting container and a stirring blade connected to the stirring shaft, wherein the bottom of the composting container is provided with an air inlet interface connected with an air pipeline or/and a water replenishing interface connected with a water pipeline.
As a further improvement, the air source is a compressed air source, an air source pipeline is arranged on the air source, and a pressure reducing valve and a pressure gauge are arranged on the air source pipeline.
As a further improvement, the valve body on the gas outlet pipeline is a first multi-way valve, one port of the first multi-way valve is connected with the measuring passage, and the other port is selected to be communicated with the tail gas pipeline; and a port of each first multi-way valve, which is connected with the measurement access, is normally opened, and a port connected with the tail gas pipeline is normally closed.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model, its beneficial effect is through control system combination flow controller, the flowmeter, temperature and humidity sensor, the carbon dioxide sensor, the manometer, oxygen concentration sensor, control entire system environment, such as the velocity of flow, compost test environment is steerable at 58 ℃ 2 ℃, reading and control of oxygen concentration, oxygen concentration must be greater than or equal to 6% in the control exhaust gas, the feedback and the control of reading of humidity, control compost test mixture (50 ± 10)% moisture content etc. through preceding flow controller, the indication of back flowmeter is poor, judge whether to have the leakage in the flow path, if reveal and alarm output if finding. And finally, carrying out comprehensive analysis on various data fed back by the control system through the PC terminal to obtain an immediate value and an accumulated value of the carbon dioxide quality obtained by the biological decomposition of each path, and finally obtaining the corresponding biological decomposition percentage. The utility model discloses the system can realize automatic monitoring and test completely, and whole monitoring test is controlled completely.
The utility model discloses system monitoring, test can adopt the polling mechanism further to assemble the PC system, through same way measurement route, can carry out a plurality of compost devices simultaneously and measure and analyze, and the gained data all is same standard and obtains for data more has the contrast nature, through final CO 2 /O 2 Calculating the result by using an equal gas total amount algorithm; simultaneously adding multiple items of intelligent control: monitoring and compensation of moisture content, automatic stirring and the like, so that the system is more stable and reliable.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the composting device of the utility model.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the gas mass accumulation calculation method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment is a control system based on plastic biodegradation, which includes a plurality of composting devices 1, an air source 2, a control system 7, a measuring channel 3, a tail gas pipeline 4, and a reference gas channel 5 connected to the air source 2. The composting apparatus 1 is normally set to twelve routes; a measuring path 3 and a reference gas path 5 are shared.
The reference gas path 5 is sequentially provided with a flow controller and a second multi-way valve 51 which is communicated with the measuring passage 3 and is marked as V-0, and the second multi-way valve 51 can be a two-way valve or a three-way valve. For ease of distinction, the flow controller on reference gas path 5 is labeled FC0, see fig. 1.
The measurement passage 3 comprises a temperature and humidity sensor 30, a condenser 31, a gas-liquid separator 32 and a gas detection structure which are sequentially arranged on the measurement passage 3, and the gas detection structure comprises a carbon dioxide sensor 33, a flow meter, a pressure gauge and an oxygen concentration sensor 34 which are arranged on the measurement passage 3. The carbon dioxide sensor 33, the flow meter, the pressure meter, and the oxygen concentration sensor 34 may be arranged as needed, and in this embodiment, the gas detection structure preferably includes the carbon dioxide sensor 33, the flow meter, the pressure meter, and the oxygen concentration sensor 34, which are disposed on the measurement passage 3 in this order.
The moisture content of compost is one of the key factors that directly affect microbial activity, so control of moisture content is particularly important. Therefore, each path of composting device 1 is provided with an air pipeline 11 connected with an air source 2 and a water pipeline 10 for supplying water, each air pipeline 11 is provided with a flow controller, and the flow controllers are sequentially marked as FC1, FC2, 8230, FC 8230and FC12 from the first path to the twelfth path as shown in figure 1. Each composting device 1 is also provided with an air outlet pipeline which is respectively communicated with a measuring passage 3 and a tail gas pipeline 4, and the air outlet pipeline is respectively provided with a valve body capable of controlling the on-off of the measuring passage 3 and a valve body capable of controlling the on-off of the tail gas pipeline 4; each water pipeline 10 is provided with a normally closed electromagnetic valve, and the normally closed electromagnetic valves from the first pipeline to the twelfth pipeline are sequentially marked as a normally closed electromagnetic valve 1 \ 8230, a normally closed electromagnetic valve 8230and a normally closed electromagnetic valve 12; the valve body connected with the measuring passage 3 is a normally open valve body, and the valve body connected with the tail gas pipeline 4 is a normally closed valve body.
The control system 7 is connected with and controls the opening and closing of each valve body, the second multi-way valve 51 and each normally closed electromagnetic valve, and the control system 7 is connected with and acquires information of each flow controller, each flow meter, each temperature and humidity sensor 30, each carbon dioxide sensor 33 and each oxygen concentration sensor 34; the control system 7 is connected with and controls the driving motor of each composting device 1.
In order to realize full-automatic control, the system also comprises a PC system 8 for comprehensively analyzing various data collected by the control system 7 and calculating results; the control system 7 controls and measures a plurality of composting devices 1 and the reference gas circuit 5 to be communicated with the measuring channel 3 one by adopting a polling mechanism.
As an implementation example, preferably, the valve body on the gas outlet pipeline is set as a first multi-way valve 6, one port of the first multi-way valve 6 is connected with the measuring passage 3, and the other port is selected to be communicated with the tail gas pipeline 4; one port of each first multi-way valve 6 is connected with the port of the measuring passage 3 and is normally open, and the port of each first multi-way valve connected with the tail gas pipeline 4 is normally closed. The first multi-way valve 6 can be a three-way valve. The three-way valve can completely replace two valve bodies on the air outlet pipeline. For the convenience of distinction, referring to fig. 1, the first multi-way valve 6 from the first path to the tenth path is sequentially denoted as V-1, V-2, 8230; V-12.
The composting device also comprises an air source pipeline which is connected with the reference air channel 11 and the air pipeline 11 of each composting device 1; the water composting device also comprises a water source pipeline 13 connected with the water pipeline 10 of each composting device 1, and the water source pipeline 13 is provided with a water supplementing container 14 for supplementing water; a peristaltic pump 15 is arranged on the water source pipeline 13; the water source pipeline 13 is provided with a third three-way valve 16 connected with a water return pipeline 321 arranged on the gas-liquid separator 32; the control system 7 is connected with and controls the opening and closing of the corresponding port of the third three-way valve 16.
The tail gas pipeline 4 terminal set up in tail gas absorption solution, the tail gas absorption solution can be put into corresponding container.
The air pipeline 11 and the water pipeline 10 are connected to the bottom of the composting device 1; the PC system 8 is connected with a printer. The air source 2 is air.
The tail gas processor 42 is connected with the tail gas pipeline 4 and the final outlet of the measuring passage 3; and the tail gas processor is provided with a tail gas parallel pipeline 41 connected with each tail gas pipeline 4.
The composting device 1 comprises a composting container 17, a stirring motor 18 arranged on the composting container 17, a stirring shaft 19 arranged in the composting container 17 and a stirring blade connected to the stirring shaft 19, wherein the bottom of the composting container 17 is provided with an air inlet connected with an air pipeline 11 or/and a water replenishing connector connected with a water pipeline 10, preferably, the air pipeline 11 and the water pipeline 10 can be combined into a pipeline at the tail ends, and the air inlet and the water replenishing connector are connected with and are one connector. The control system 7 can control the stirring motor 18 to drive the stirring shaft 19 to stir. To facilitate more favorable and accurate testing.
The air source 2 is preferably a compressed air source 2, the air source 2 is provided with an air source pipeline 21, and the air source pipeline 21 is provided with a pressure reducing valve and a pressure gauge.
The control system 7 measures the reference gas circuit 5 and the gas circuits of the first to the tenth paths of the composting devices one by one through a polling mechanism.
During testing, the reference gas circuit 5 can be firstly measured, the control system 7 controls the port of the second multi-way valve 51 of the reference gas circuit 5, which is connected with the measuring passage 3, to be opened, the control system 7 completely closes the normally-opened port of the first multi-way valve 6 of each path of composting device 1, which is connected with the measuring passage 3, and controls the normally-closed port of each path of tail gas communicating pipeline 4 to be completely opened, so that gas generated by each path of composting device 1 can be exhausted through the tail gas communicating pipeline 4, and the generated gas is prevented from being accumulated in the composting container 17.
The flow controller FC0 is controlled by the control system 7, so that the flow of gas in the gas source 2 entering the reference gas path 5 is controlled, the gas flow entering the measuring passage 3 sequentially passes through the temperature and humidity sensor 30 to measure the temperature and humidity, the condenser 31 to condense, the gas-liquid separator 32 to separate gas and condensed water to obtain dry gas, and then the dry gas passes through the carbon dioxide sensor 33, the flow meter, the pressure gauge and the oxygen concentration sensor 34 of the gas detection structure, so that the content of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the gas source is measured and used as background gas. The control system 7 collects the numerical values of the flow controller FC0 of the reference gas path 5, the flow meter of the measurement access 3 and the pressure gauge, and compares and calculates whether gas leakage exists, and meanwhile, the control system 7 collects and acquires the measurement data of the carbon dioxide sensor 33 and the oxygen concentration sensor 34.
When the first path of composting device 1 is measured, the control system 7 controls the normally open port of the first multi-way valve of the first path of composting device 1, which is connected with the measuring passage 3, to be opened, and closes the normally closed port of the first multi-way valve of the first path of composting device, which is connected with the tail gas pipeline, so as to measure the gas generation condition in the first path of composting device 1. The control system 7 controls to close the ports of the first multi-way valves of the second to twelfth composting devices, which are connected with the measuring channel 3, and to close the corresponding ports of the second multi-way valves 51 of the reference gas channels 5, which are connected with the measuring channel. And controlling to open the ports of the first multi-way valves of the second to twelfth composting devices, which are communicated with the tail gas pipeline 4, so as to exhaust. The flow controller FC1 is controlled by the control system 7, so as to control the flow of the gas in the gas source 2 into the compost container 17 of the first composting device 1, and supply the necessary gas (such as oxygen) required in the compost container 17, if necessary, the control system 7 can control the water pipe to feed water into the compost container 17 of the first composting device 1 by controlling the normally closed solenoid valve 1 of the corresponding water pipe 10 of the first composting device. Gas in the composting container of the first composting device 1 enters a measuring passage 3, air flow entering the measuring passage 3 sequentially passes through a temperature and humidity sensor 30 to measure temperature and humidity, a condenser 31 to condense, and a gas-liquid separator 32 to separate gas and condensed water, so that dry gas is obtained. Then the carbon dioxide and the oxygen content in the composting container 17 of the first composting device are measured through a carbon dioxide sensor 33, a flow meter, a pressure meter and an oxygen concentration sensor 34, the control system 7 collects the measurement information of the first composting device 1, and then the carbon dioxide and the oxygen content of the first composting device are calculated through the PC system 8 by combining the parameters of the background gas.
The carbon dioxide and oxygen contents of the second-twelfth composting apparatuses 1 are calculated by polling measurement in this way. And finally, comprehensively analyzing various data fed back by the control system through the 8-end PC system to obtain the quality immediate value and the accumulated value of the carbon dioxide obtained by biological decomposition of each path, and finally obtaining the corresponding biological decomposition percentage so as to judge the biological degradation capability and the disintegration capability of the plastic.
In the test process, the control system 7 is combined with the temperature and humidity sensor 30 to monitor the humidity in the exhaust gas in real time, the temperature and the humidity are read through the control system 7 to serve as water supplement or/and air supplement parameters, and the flow rate is monitored through the flow controller and the flow meter. Therefore, the water is automatically supplemented to the compost container 17 in time through a compensation algorithm according to needs, the compost is uniform and is not hardened through stirring, the moisture balance is facilitated, and the moisture content in the compost container 17 is balanced within a certain range, such as within 50 +/-10 percent. Thereby avoiding test failure due to over-wetting or over-drying.
During specific testing, the control system 7 controls the whole system environment, the flow rate of air flow, the composting test environment control (58 +/-2 ℃), the reading and control of oxygen concentration are controlled through the flow controller, the oxygen concentration in exhaust gas is controlled to be more than or equal to 6%, the temperature and humidity are measured through the temperature and humidity sensor 30, the temperature and humidity are read through the control system 7 to serve as water supplementing and air supplementing parameters, the moisture content of a composting test mixture (50 +/-10)% can be controlled, and the feedback and control of the temperature and humidity are achieved. And judging whether leakage exists in the flow path or not through the indicating value difference between the flow controller on each path and the flow meter on the measuring passage 3, and if so, outputting an alarm. And finally, performing comprehensive analysis on each item of data fed back by the control system 7 through PC system software to obtain a carbon dioxide quality immediate value and an accumulated value obtained by biological decomposition of each path, and finally obtaining a corresponding biological decomposition percentage.
Referring to FIG. 3, microorganisms consume oxygen and produce CO 2 /O 2 Etc. the amount of gas is gradual and continuous. Generally, the method does not have violent mutation, and according to the characteristic, an interval test method is adopted to calculate the instant CO generated by two points 2 /O 2 Waiting for the gas mass, and calculating the enclosed area between the two points, namely the CO generated by the microorganisms in the period of time 2 /O 2 The total mass of the gases is equal, as shown in fig. 3.
S = (V1 + V2) × (t 2-t 1)/2 formula 1
By the formula 1, the CO produced by the microorganism between t1 and t2 can be calculated 2 /O 2 The quality of the gas is equal, so that the final CO of the product is finally obtained through continuous monitoring 2 /O 2 And the total amount of gas released.
In order to obtain more accurate CO 2 /O 2 Equal gas mass, need to have accurate CO 2 /O 2 The technology of the gas sensor and the stable flowmeter are adopted, so that the system can adopt CO with double light beams and double chambers and high-low switching 2 /O 2 When the gas sensor is combined with high-precision mass flow control and measurement technology, the measurement time interval is reduced as much as possible, and more accurate CO is obtained 2 /O 2 And waiting for the accumulated amount of gas mass.
The light chamber is set into a double-light chamber and specifically comprises a first light chamber and a second light chamber which are matched with each other and have different optical paths, and a light source emits double measuring light beams which sequentially penetrate through the first light chamber, the partition glass, the second light chamber, the optical filter and the detector. The first and second light chambers are respectively provided with a corresponding air outlet and a corresponding air inlet; the corresponding air inlet of one optical chamber can be connected with measuring gas; the air outlet of the other light chamber can be connected with zero air; CO as required during measurement 2 According to the actual conditions of high and low concentration to be measured, one of the first optical chamber and the second optical chamber with different corresponding optical paths is selected as a measuring air chamber, measuring air is filled into one optical chamber to be used as the measuring air chamber, and zero air is filled into the other optical chamber, so that the light beams can be switched to pass through the measuring air chambers with different optical paths.
The double-light chamber switches different light chambers or light sources according to the gas concentration to change the length of the light path so as to realize the switching and the measurement of high and low concentrations, the technology is simple and reliable, the measurement of high and low concentrations can be realized simultaneously, the measuring range can reach 50 percent, and the resolution ratio is 0.1ppm.
Claims (10)
1. A control system based on plastic biodegradation comprises a plurality of composting devices and an air source, and is characterized in that: the device also comprises a control system, a tail gas pipeline, a measuring passage and a reference gas circuit connected with a gas source; the reference gas path is sequentially provided with a flow controller and a second multi-way valve communicated with the measuring passage; the measuring passage comprises a temperature and humidity sensor, a condenser, a gas-liquid separator and a gas detection structure which are sequentially arranged on the measuring passage, and the gas detection structure comprises a carbon dioxide sensor, a flowmeter, a pressure gauge and an oxygen concentration sensor which are arranged on the measuring passage; each composting device is provided with an air pipeline connected with an air source and a water pipeline for supplementing water, each air pipeline is provided with a flow controller, each composting device is also provided with an air outlet pipeline, the air outlet pipelines are respectively communicated with a measuring passage and a tail gas pipeline, and the air outlet pipelines are respectively provided with a valve body capable of controlling the on-off of the measuring passage and a valve body capable of controlling the on-off of the tail gas pipeline; each water pipeline is provided with a normally closed electromagnetic valve, the valve body connected with the measuring passage is a normally open valve body, and the valve body connected with the tail gas pipeline is a normally closed valve body; the control system is connected with and controls the opening and closing of each valve body, the second multi-way valve and each normally closed electromagnetic valve, and the control system is connected with and acquires information of each flow controller, each flow meter, each temperature and humidity sensor, each carbon dioxide sensor and each oxygen concentration sensor; the control system is connected with and controls the driving motor of each composting device.
2. The control system based on the biodegradation of plastics according to claim 1, wherein: the plurality of paths are twelve paths; the second multi-way valve is a three-way valve.
3. The plastic biodegradation-based control system of claim 1, wherein: the composting device also comprises an air source pipeline which is connected with the reference air pipeline and each composting device air pipeline; the water source pipeline is connected with the water pipeline of each composting device and is provided with a water supplementing container for supplementing water; a peristaltic pump is arranged on the water source pipeline; the water source pipeline is provided with a third three-way valve connected with a water return pipeline arranged on the gas-liquid separator; the control system is connected with and controls the opening and closing of the corresponding port of the third three-way valve.
4. The plastic biodegradation-based control system of claim 1, wherein: and the tail gas pipeline terminal is arranged in the tail gas absorption solution.
5. The control system based on the biodegradation of plastics according to claim 1, wherein: the air pipeline and the water pipeline are connected to the bottom of the composting device.
6. The plastic biodegradation-based control system of claim 1, wherein: the air source is air.
7. The control system based on the biodegradation of plastics according to claim 1, wherein: the tail gas processor is connected with the tail gas pipeline and the final outlet of the measuring passage; and the tail gas processor is provided with a tail gas parallel pipeline connected with each tail gas pipeline.
8. The plastic biodegradation-based control system of claim 1, wherein: the composting device include the compost container, set up the agitator motor on the compost container, set up the (mixing) shaft in the compost container and connect in the epaxial stirring vane of stirring, compost container bottom be equipped with the interface of admitting air or/and the connecting tube water supply interface of connecting the trachea way.
9. The control system based on the biodegradation of plastics according to claim 1, wherein: the air source is a compressed air source, an air source pipeline is arranged on the air source, and a pressure reducing valve and a pressure gauge are arranged on the air source pipeline.
10. The control system based on the biodegradation of plastics according to claim 1, wherein: the valve body on the gas outlet pipeline is a first multi-way valve, one port of the first multi-way valve is connected with the measuring passage, and the other port is selected to be communicated with the tail gas pipeline; and a port of each first multi-way valve, which is connected with the measurement access, is normally opened, and a port connected with the tail gas pipeline is normally closed.
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