JPS5838395B2 - Composting method and equipment - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for composting organic matter such as city waste, sewage sludge, and livestock waste.

Some of the inventors previously filed patent application No. 52-12104.
No. 9 and No. 54-1087, in order to improve the processing capacity of 0 per installation area of the composting device, a rotary scraper extending radially from the central axis in a multi-stage cylindrical composting device was used. The rotary scraper rotates around the center axis while rotating around the central vertical axis, and the rotating scraper splashes the raw material in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the central axis of the scraper, thereby stirring the raw material. He invented a method to allow fermentation to progress while moving the fermentation liquid and gradually moving it to the lower stage.

As shown in this invention, by moving the central axis of the rotary scraper in the opposite direction to the moving direction of the raw material and hoisting the raw material higher than the diameter of the scraper, the raw material can be moved to the tip of the scraper with less power. Since the raw materials are scraped off and made into fine particles, the aerated surface area is significantly increased, and since the raw materials are deposited in a soft manner, there is little ventilation resistance, and since the raw materials are evenly aerated, uniform aerobic fermentation can be carried out quickly. It was confirmed that

The present invention (j) applies the above-mentioned advantages of the method of moving the central axis of such a rotating scraper in the opposite direction to the moving direction of the raw material and lifting the raw material higher than the diameter of the scraper to a rectangular fermenter, Moreover, it is intended to reduce equipment costs and operating costs as a simple configuration.

The present invention involves stirring composting raw materials in a composting fermentation plant,
In the composting method in which the composting material is fermented and composted while being moved along the direction of movement of the composting material from the inlet end of the material to the outlet end of the compost, a movable body is moved in the fermentation field, and the movable body A rotary scraper, which is provided in the movable body and rotates around an axis along the traveling direction of the movable body, moves the raw material in a plane substantially perpendicular to the traveling direction of the movable body and along the raw material movement direction. The raw material is stirred and moved by splashing, and the movement progress of the moving body is
A short distance vertical backward movement in the opposite direction to the raw material movement direction and a horizontal reciprocating movement substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction are performed in combination, and the stirring and movement of the raw material accompanying the horizontal reciprocating movement The operation is sequentially reversed from the outlet end to the inlet end with respect to the direction of movement of the raw material, and after the moving body reaches the inlet end, the moving body is vented along the deposited layer. The composting method and apparatus thereof are characterized in that the compost is returned to the outlet end by being moved in a longitudinal direction through a return path that is not closed.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described using the drawings.

In Figures 1, 2, and 3, 11 as a fermentation site is shown.
0 is a composting fermentation chamber covered by a building 12, and a rectangular composting raw material depositing field 13 is provided on the floor of the chamber 0, in which composting raw materials and compost under fermentation or fermentation completion are deposited as a pile layer 14. .

The floor surface of the deposition field 13 is a ventilation bed 15 having a large number of ventilation holes, and air from an air chamber 16 is blown upward.

One side of the pile field 13 serves as an inlet end 2 for receiving raw material supply, and one side on the opposite side serves as an outlet end 3 for discharging manufactured compost, and the raw materials move in the raw material movement direction 6 while fermenting.

17 is a runway provided on a pillar of the building 12, and guides the longitudinal girder 18 so as to reciprocate vertically between the inlet end 2 and the outlet end 3 in parallel to the raw material movement direction 6. .

Reference numeral 19 denotes a traverse truck that traverses on the longitudinal beam 18 in a direction perpendicular to the direction 6 of material movement.

The rotating scraper plate 21 is held by an arm 20 extending downward from the traversing truck 19 so that its rotation axis is in the traversing direction, and is rotatably suspended.

As shown in FIGS. 5, 6, and 7, the rotary scraper 21 has scrapers 23 arranged approximately radially around a rotating shaft 22, and its rotation scrapes up and splashes composting raw materials. It is something.

The height of the rotary scraper plate 21 is adjusted so that the lower end of the circumscribed circle of the rotary scraper plate 21 is located above the ventilation floor 15 by a predetermined slight height.

Reference numerals 24, 25, and 26 are driving devices for driving the vertical column 18, the horizontal movement of the transverse truck 19, and the rotation of the rotary scraper plate 21, respectively.

Along the deposition field 13, a space is provided as a return passage 27 in which the composting raw material is not composted.

As will be described later, this is a passage through which the rotary scraper 21 passes during its return stroke, and has a width through which the rotary scraper 21 can freely pass vertically.

There is no ventilation mechanism from the floor in this area.

The operation will be explained using FIGS. 1 to 8.

The starting point of the rotating scraper plate 21 is defined as the outlet end 3 of the return passage 27, that is, A1.

While rotating the rotary scraping plate 21 counterclockwise in FIGS. 2 and 6, the traversing cart 19 is moved sideways to scrape up the compost and further splash it to the outlet end 3 side of the rotating scraping plate 21 (6th (as shown by arrow S in the figure).

That is, the rotating scraper plate 21 has both the function of locally moving the composting raw material by a short distance (average splashing distance) along the direction 6 of raw material movement, and the function of stirring.

After the rotary scraper 21 reaches B1, the transverse carriage 19 is moved in the opposite direction to return to A1, and then the longitudinal beam 18
is directed toward the entrance end 2 by a pitch P, is moved vertically through the return path 27, stops at A2, is caused to move the traversing cart 19 again, and repeats this operation.

That is, in FIG. 5, the rotary scraping plate 21 is
1-A2-B2-A2-A3-B3-A3...
Through this series of movements, all the raw materials in the deposition field 13 are moved by the average distance of the rotating scraper plate 21.

After the rotary scraping plate 21 reaches An, the longitudinal beam 18 is moved to the outlet end 3.
The rotating scraper plate 21 passes through the return passage 27 and returns to the starting point A1, and the above operation is repeated again.

Traversing cart 19 at each point of A1 to An or B1 to Bn
Alternatively, automatic operation can be easily performed by instructing the vertical beam 18 to be driven using a limit switch or a timer.

Since the device in this case is constructed and operates as described above, the structure is simple, there is no need to rotate a particularly long member, and there is no need for a vertical mechanism, and the mechanism for stirring and moving raw materials is small and lightweight. It is compact, has a simple structure, and is easy to maintain, reducing equipment costs and maintenance costs.

FIGS. 7, 10, and 11 show other embodiments.

In this embodiment, the longitudinal girder 18 is provided with legs 28 and 29 to form a gate shape so that it runs vertically on a rail 30 on the ground. and 29.

With this configuration, the moving mechanism for the rotary scraper 21 can be provided independently of the building 12, and in some cases, the building 12 can be omitted and an outdoor type can be used.

Further, rotary scrapers 21 are provided on both sides of the drive device 26.

With this configuration, the raw material can be stirred and moved by the rotary scraper plate 21 when the traversing carriage 19 moves back and forth.

That is, in FIG. 12, starting from A1' at the exit end 3 of the return passage 27, the transverse carriage 19 moves horizontally and the longitudinal beam 18 moves vertically to move to A1, and thereafter, from A1-
B1-B2A2-A3-B3...Bn-An
The raw material is stirred and moved by a series of movements, and finally reaches An', passes through the return passage 27, returns to the starting point A1', and this cycle is repeated.

This embodiment has the same effect as the above-mentioned example, and furthermore, since there is no wasteful traverse return stroke, the processing capacity per unit time is improved.

FIGS. 12, 13, and 14 show another embodiment, in which a rotary scraper plate 21 is supported by an arm 32 extending from a traversing truck 19 to one side.

The traversing truck 19 is guided by three rails to take a moment load in addition to the vertical load.

This example has the same effects as the above-mentioned example, and also
Since the longitudinal girder 18 is removed from directly above the rotary scraping plate 21, interference with the thrown raw material can be avoided, and the first
In Figure 3, the highest point 33 of the trajectory of the material being blown away
The lower surface of the longitudinal girder 18 can be made lower by h,
Therefore, the ceiling beams 34 are also lowered, making it possible to lower the entire building 12, which has a great effect on reducing equipment costs.

When the longitudinal girder 18 is moved vertically, the part between the two rotary scrapers 21 remains unscraped, but the remaining deposited layer is removed by appropriately selecting the vertical pitch p as shown in FIG. If the portion 35 is prevented from touching the arm 32, the drive device 26, the longitudinal beam 18, etc., the rotary scraper 21 can move this deposited layer portion 3 by the lateral movement.
Scrape off 5 and bounce it away.

By selecting the shapes of the vertical pitch p and the arms 32 in this way, the examples shown in FIGS. 1 to 8 (
In this case, if the arm has no side wall on one side of the deposited layer 14 and there is a space such as a return passage 27, as shown in 20), the rotating scraping plate 2
Even if 1 is only on one side, there is no wasted traverse stroke, and for example, in Fig. 4, A1-B1-B2-A2-A3-B
The processing capacity can be improved by performing zigzag movement as shown in 3.

FIG. 15 shows a packet foil as one form of the rotary scraper 21. As shown in FIG.

In addition to the blade at the tip of the packet 36, the packet foil is provided with a blade 37 on the side plate, so scraping off the raw material while moving is reliable and extremely easy, and has the effect of reducing power consumption.

In the embodiments described above, the rotary scraping plate 21 is rotated so as to cut upward the vertically oriented deposited layer 14 on the front side.

This is because the thickness of the deposited layer 14 is greater than or equal to the radius of the rotating scraper plate 21,
It is preferably applied when the diameter is larger than the diameter, and it is therefore economical because the height of the raw material stack can be increased.

In this case, the raw material jumps over the rotating scraper plate 21 and falls backward due to the blocking effect of the deposited layer 14.

On the other hand, if the pile height is less than or equal to the radius of the rotary scraper 21 (if it is greater than or equal to the radius but less than the diameter, there are cases where the pile height is less than the radius), the rotary scraper 21 will conversely cut down the deposited layer 14 in front of it. The raw material passes through the rotating scraper plate 21 and is transferred to the rear.

According to the present invention, the rotary scraper, which has both stirring and transfer functions, is moved not only vertically but also horizontally to stir and move the compost material in the entire area of the fermenter, thereby increasing the capacity of the stirring device. Regardless of the amount of material stored, that is, the capacity of the fermenter, it can be made smaller and simpler, and a common unit can be used for fermenters of different capacities. The composting operation can be carried out in continuous operation, and there is no lifting mechanism for the stirring device, so the structure is simple and the weight is reduced. In particular, large composting devices can be simplified and downsized, significantly reducing equipment costs. In addition, the compost raw material is finely granulated and the aerated surface area is significantly increased, and the raw material is deposited softly, so it has good aeration, and it is uniformly aerated, so uniform fermentation can be carried out quickly. The device can be provided, and it is extremely effective in practice.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The drawings relate to embodiments of the present invention, and FIGS. 1, 2, and 3 are cross-sectional views, vertical cross-sectional views, and plan views of the equipment in other actual cases, respectively, and FIG. 4 is an explanation of its operation. Fig. 5 is a side view of the vicinity of the transverse body, Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional front view thereof, Fig. 7 is a perspective view thereof, Fig. 8 is a perspective view showing the runway, and Fig. 9 is a side view of another embodiment. Figure 10 is a perspective view, Figure 11 is a perspective view.
The figure is an explanatory diagram of its operation, and Fig. 12 is a side view of another embodiment.
FIG. 13 is a sectional front view thereof, FIG. 14 is a front view thereof, and FIG. 15 is a front view of another actual case of a rotary scraper. 1... Raw material storage area, 2... Entrance end, 3
...Outlet end, 4...Rotating scraper plate, 5...
... Rotation axis, 6 ... Direction of raw material movement, 7.
...Direction of retrograde movement, 8...Arrow, 9...
...arrow, 10...prograde direction, 11...
...Fermentation room, 12...Building, 13...
・Sedimentary field, 14... Sedimentary layer, 15...
Ventilation floor, 16... Air chamber, 17... Runway, 18... Longitudinal girder, 19...
Traverse trolley, 20... Arm, 21...
Rotating scraping plate, 22...Rotating shaft, 23...
Scraping plate, 24... Drive device, 25... Drive device, 26... Drive device, 27...
Return passage, 28...legs, 29...legs,
30...Rail, 31...Side wall, 32
... Arm, 33 ... Highest point, 34.
... Beam, 35 ... Sediment layer part, 36 ...
...Packet, 37...Blade.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Stirring the composting raw material in a composting fermentation plant, and
In a composting method in which the composting material is fermented and composted while being moved along the direction of movement of the composting material from the inlet end of the material to the outlet end of the compost, a movable body is moved in the fermentation field, and a movable body is provided with a by a rotary scraper plate that rotates around an axis along the traveling direction of the moving body,
the raw material in a plane substantially perpendicular to the traveling direction of the moving body,
and stirring and moving the raw material by splashing it along the raw material movement direction, and the movement progress of the moving body is longitudinal and retrograde movement over a short distance in the opposite direction to the raw material movement direction;
A transverse reciprocating movement substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction is performed in combination, and the stirring and movement of the raw material accompanying the transverse reciprocating movement is performed from the outlet end to the inlet end in a direction opposite to the raw material movement direction. After the movable body reaches the inlet end, the movable body is moved in a longitudinal direction through a return passage provided along the deposited layer where no ventilation or deposition is performed, and then the movable body is moved back to the outlet end. A composting method characterized by returning to. 2 A composting raw material storage area with a substantially rectangular floor provided with ventilation means is provided in the composting fermentation plant, one side of the storage area is used as an inlet end for receiving raw material supply, and one side opposite to the inlet end is , serving as an outlet end for discharging the produced compost while moving in the pile, and guiding the composting raw material to reciprocate and traverse along the moving direction between the artificial end and the outlet end. The longitudinal body is provided with a transverse body that is guided to make a reciprocating transverse movement in a direction substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, and the transverse body includes a transverse body arranged in the transverse direction. A rotary scraper is provided with scrapers provided approximately radially on a rotating shaft, and the rotary scraper is further prevented from moving in the longitudinal direction along the raw material deposition area without a ventilation means on the floor so that no deposition is performed. A composting device characterized in that a return passage is provided.