JP2004177828A - Automatic wind instrument playing device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an automatic wind instrument playing device that automatically plays a wind instrument producing sound by vibration of lips according to data for musical sound production. <P>SOLUTION: In the automatic wind instrument playing device, air is made flow in artificial lips which are mounted on the mouthpiece of the wind instrument and simulate the lips of a human to produce vibrations corresponding to the flowing-in air and controls the sectional area of the flow passage of the air of the artificial lips and the flow rate of the air flow according to data for musical sound production showing the pitch and strength of a musical sound to make the wind instrument produce sound represented with the data for musical sound production. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a technique for automatically playing a wind instrument based on musical sound generation data such as MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface).
[0002]
[Prior art]
Patent Literature 1 discloses a technique for automatically playing a recorder according to performance data. According to this technique, each finger hole of the recorder is opened and closed according to each pitch indicated in the performance data, and compressed air is supplied to the mouthpiece. Further, by adjusting and supplying the flow rate and the direction of the compressed air, a good sound can be generated from the recorder.
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-269977
However, this technique cannot automatically play a wind instrument such as a trumpet that emits sound by vibrating its lips (a so-called lip reed wind instrument).
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a wind instrument automatic performance device that automatically performs a wind instrument that emits a sound by vibrating the lips according to musical sound generation data. .
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides an artificial lip which is attached to a mouthpiece of a wind instrument and generates vibration simulating a human lip in response to inflowing air, and discharges an air flow, and discharges the discharged air. An air flow discharging means for flowing a flow into the artificial lip, and a cross-sectional area of an air flow path in the artificial lip and a flow rate of the air flow discharging means according to musical sound generation data indicating a pitch and intensity of a musical sound. And a control means for controlling the wind instrument.
[0007]
According to this wind instrument automatic playing device, the air flow is introduced into the artificial lip, which is attached to the mouthpiece of the wind instrument and generates vibrations imitating the human lips in response to the incoming air, and the pitch and intensity of the musical tone By controlling the cross-sectional area of the air flow path and the flow rate of the air flow in the artificial lip according to the musical sound generation data indicating the above, the sound indicated by the musical sound generation data is generated from the wind instrument.
[0008]
In a preferred aspect, the control means further includes a performance operation means for operating a performance operator provided on the wind instrument in accordance with musical sound generation data indicating a pitch and a strength of a musical sound. Is also good.
[0009]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
(1) Configuration (1) Mechanical Configuration FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a mechanical configuration of an automatic wind instrument 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The wind instrument automatic performance device 1 is a portion surrounded by a chain line, and 2 is a trumpet.
[0010]
In the figure, an air compressor 6 generates compressed air, and an air pipe 4 is an air flow path for flowing the compressed air generated by the air compressor 6 toward the trumpet 2. An electromagnetic valve 5 is provided in the middle of the air pipe 4.
[0011]
FIGS. 10, 11, and 12 are views showing cross sections of the solenoid valve 5.
In the figure, reference numeral 51 denotes a piston integrated with the plunger of the solenoid 50, which is movable in the vertical direction in the cylinder 51c. An inlet air pipe 4 communicates with a side surface of the cylinder 51c, and an outlet air pipe 4 and a discharge pipe 52 communicate with a side surface opposite to this side surface. The outlet air pipe 4 and the discharge pipe 52 are provided at a predetermined distance in the vertical direction.
[0012]
Further, the piston 51 is provided with two flanges 51a and 51b. The distance between the flanges 51a and 51b is set wider than the distance between the air pipe 4 on the outlet side and the discharge pipe 52. The piston 51 is urged downward by a spring 51d. When the solenoid 50 is not energized, the piston 51 moves downward, and the flange 51a closes the air pipe 4 on the outlet side (see FIG. 10). State shown). On the other hand, when the solenoid 50 is energized, the piston 51 moves upward against the spring force according to the current value. When the piston 51 moves upward, the flange 51a that has closed the air pipe 4 on the outlet side also moves upward, and the air pipe 4 on the outlet side communicates with the cylinder 51c (see FIG. 12). In this case, the opening degree of the communication passage changes according to the amount of current supplied to the solenoid 50. When the solenoid 50 is energized and the piston 51 moves upward, the flange 51b also moves upward to gradually close the discharge pipe 52, and when the energized current value reaches a predetermined value, the discharge pipe 52 is completely closed. It will be in the closing state (see FIG. 11). That is, the amount of air escaping from the discharge pipe 52 to the outside is adjusted by the amount of electricity supplied to the solenoid 50, whereby the flow rate of air flowing from the inlet air pipe 4 to the outlet air pipe 4 is adjusted.
[0013]
The artificial lip 3 shown in the figure is made of a flexible material such as rubber or plastic, and is disposed between the air pipe 4 and the trumpet 2.
The artificial lip 3 is capable of reproducing a state in which a human blows his / her breath and vibrates the lips. Therefore, when air is sent to the artificial lips 3, the human lips corresponding to the flow velocity of the air are generated. The vibration state is reproduced.
The artificial lip 3 may have a structure in which vibration of a human lip is generated using an elastic member, for example, as long as the state of vibration changes according to the flow rate and flow velocity of air sent into the lip. One example is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,339,444.
[0014]
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the mouthpiece 21 of the artificial lip 3 and the trumpet 2.
As shown in FIG. 2, one end of the artificial lip 3 has a cylindrical portion 30 having an opening that is substantially the same as or slightly larger than the mouthpiece 21 of the trumpet 2. The cylindrical portion 30 covers the mouthpiece 21 in close contact therewith. Further, from the cylindrical portion 30 to the other end of the artificial lip 3, a tube portion 31 is formed to be elongated and flat tubular than the cylindrical portion 30. The pipe portion 31 is in close contact with and covers the outer periphery of the tip of the air pipe 4.
[0015]
In the tube portion 31, artificial lip solenoids 32a and 32b are provided at upper and lower positions near the tube portion 30, respectively. The artificial lip solenoids 32a and 32b are arranged perpendicularly to the tube portion 31 and opposed to each other. Then, the artificial lip solenoids 32a and 32b are configured to be able to simultaneously press toward the tube portion 31. The artificial lip solenoids 32a and 32b are arranged so as to sandwich the artificial lip 3 from above and below, and the artificial lip solenoid 32b is supported by a stand 1B.
[0016]
The trumpet 2 is connected to an air pipe 4 via an artificial lip 3. The trumpet 2 includes, in addition to the mouthpiece 21, three piston valves of a first piston valve 20a, a second piston valve 20b, and a third piston valve 20c.
Above each of the first piston valve 20a, the second piston valve 20b, and the third piston valve 20c, a piston solenoid 22a, 22b, 22c is disposed, respectively. They are arranged in the same direction. Thus, the piston solenoids 22a, 22b, 22c are configured to be able to press the corresponding piston valves. The piston solenoids 22a, 22b, 22c are arranged so as to face the first piston valve 20a, the second piston valve 20b, and the third piston valve 20c, respectively. The trumpet 2 is supported by a stand 1C.
Since the trumpet 2 is a commonly used trumpet, description of other components is omitted.
[0017]
The housing 1A illustrated in FIG. 1 includes a media driving device 10 that drives a medium such as an FD, and an operation unit 13. The user sets an FD on which desired MIDI data is recorded in the media driving device 10 and operates the operation unit 13 to start automatic performance of the trumpet 2 in accordance with the MIDI data recorded on the FD. Can be.
[0018]
As described above, the air pipe 4, the artificial lip 3, and the mouthpiece 21 are connected in this order, and the compressed air generated by the air compressor 6 flows in this order as shown by the arrow in FIG. Configuration. Then, a sound is generated from the trumpet 2 by the air vibration caused by the vibration of the artificial lip 3 passing through the inside of the trumpet 2 via the mouthpiece 21. Further, when the piston valve is pressed or a part of the pipe portion 31 is pressed, the pitch of the generated sound is adjusted.
[0019]
(2) Electrical Configuration Next, the electrical configuration of the wind instrument automatic performance device 1 will be described. FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an electrical configuration of the wind instrument automatic performance device 1.
The media drive device 10 reads MIDI data for controlling automatic performance from the FD and supplies the MIDI data to the controller 11 in accordance with a command from the controller 11. Here, as shown in FIG. 4, the MIDI data is a time-series MIDI data including an event for instructing performance control such as sound generation or mute, and a delta time indicating a time interval between a preceding event and a subsequent event. This is the tone generation data. The event includes an instruction for a pitch, a volume, and a sound effect. The controller 11 repeats the process of waiting for each event of the MIDI data supplied from the media driving device 10 for a time indicated by the delta time after the event, and reading out the subsequent event.
[0020]
The automatic performance electronic circuit 12 is a circuit that receives an event from the controller 11 and controls the automatic performance of the trumpet 2. In accordance with the event received from the controller 11, with reference to the information stored in the storage unit 14, drive control is performed on the solenoid valve 5, the artificial lip solenoids 32a and 32b, and the piston solenoids 22a, 22b and 22c.
[0021]
The storage unit 14 is configured by a ROM (Read Only Memory) or the like, and stores information such as data and tables used in the automatic performance electronic circuit 12.
[0022]
<Relationship between trumpet playing style and pronunciation>
Here, the relationship between the playing style of the trumpet 2 and the sound emitted from the trumpet 2 will be described.
When a human plays the trumpet 2, the lips are vibrated while breathing into the mouthpiece 21 of the trumpet 2. Thereby, the vibration of the air is transmitted to the inside of the trumpet 2 and a sound is generated. The pitch changes depending on the shape and size of the mouth that blows. Further, the pitch is also changed by the combination of the first piston valve 20a, the second piston valve 20b, and the third piston valve 20c that are pressed.
In addition, the volume of the generated sound changes depending on the amount of breath to be blown. The greater the volume of breath, the louder the sound. The smaller the volume, the smaller the volume. Therefore, the volume of the generated sound is determined according to the amount of breath to be blown.
[0023]
In the present embodiment, the state of the vibrating lip is realized by the artificial lip 3, the degree of opening of the mouth is adjusted by changing the cross-sectional area of the artificial lip 3, and the amount of breath to be blown is adjusted by the electromagnetic valve 5. I do.
[0024]
Next, drive control of the solenoid valves of the automatic performance electronic circuit 12, the artificial lip solenoids 32a, 32b, and the piston solenoids 22a, 22b, 22c will be described.
<Control for Solenoid Valve 5>
The automatic performance electronic circuit 12 determines the flow rate of the air to be flown through the mouthpiece 21 according to the volume value specified by the event that instructs sound generation among the events. Then, the piston 51 of the solenoid valve 5 is driven so that the air flows to the mouthpiece 21.
[0025]
The value of the drive current of the solenoid valve 5 corresponding to the volume value is determined in advance by an experiment, and is stored in a table of the storage unit 14. Note that, in the present embodiment, when the driving current amount = 0, the initial setting is made so that air does not flow.
On the other hand, for the event of instructing the mute, the current is not supplied to the solenoid valve 5 so that the air does not flow to the mouthpiece 21.
The flow control of the compressed air flowing from the air compressor 6 to the trumpet 2 is adjusted by controlling the energization of the solenoid valve 5 as described above.
[0026]
<Control for the artificial lip solenoids 32a and 32b>
The automatic performance electronic circuit 12 controls the protruding amounts of the artificial lip solenoids 32a and 32b according to the volume value and pitch indicated by the event instructing the sound generation among the events. By controlling the amount of protrusion, the cross-sectional area of the air flow path in the artificial lip 3 is controlled. The drive current values of the artificial lip solenoids 32a and 32b corresponding to the volume value and the pitch are determined in advance by experiments, and are stored in the table of the storage unit 14. In the present embodiment, when the driving current amount = 0, the cross-sectional area of the tube portion 31 is set to be the maximum area.
[0027]
Next, a specific operation state of the artificial lip solenoids 32a and 32b will be described with reference to FIG. FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C are views showing a cross section of the tube portion 31. FIG. Here, for the sake of simplicity, in FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C, it is assumed that the same amount of air flows through the pipe portion 31. If the artificial lip solenoids 32a and 32b do not protrude, as shown in FIG. 5A, the tube portion 31 is not pressed, and the cross-sectional area is maximized. When the protruding amounts of the artificial lip solenoids 32a and 32b are small, as shown in FIG. 5 (B), the tube portion 31 is slightly pressed and slightly bent, so that the cross-sectional area is reduced, and the air flowing through the trumpet 2 is reduced. Speed becomes faster. When the protruding amounts of the artificial lip solenoids 32a and 32 increase, as shown in FIG. 5C, the tube portion 31 is considerably pressed and flattened.
Therefore, when the same amount of air flows through the trumpet 2, a high sound can be emitted in the state of FIG. 5A, and a low sound can be emitted in the state of FIG. 5C. In the state of 5 (B), a sound having a pitch between a high sound and a low sound can be generated.
[0028]
As described above, the pitch is adjusted by changing the cross-sectional area of the tube portion 31 of the artificial lip 3.
[0029]
<Control for Piston Solenoids 22a, 22b, 22c>
The automatic performance electronic circuit 12 determines which one of the first piston valve 20a, the second piston valve 20b, and the third piston valve 20c of the trumpet 2 is to be depressed, according to the pitch indicated by the event that instructs sound generation. Which piston valve should be pressed corresponding to the pitch is stored in a table of the storage unit 14 in advance. Then, a drive current is applied to the piston solenoids 22a to 22c corresponding to the determined piston valves, and the piston valves are depressed.
[0030]
(2) Operation FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the operation of the wind instrument automatic performance device 1 according to the present embodiment.
The user sets the FD on which the desired MIDI data is recorded in the media driving device 10 and operates the operation unit 13 to instruct the trumpet 2 to perform automatically. Then, the power of the air compressor 6 is turned on to generate compressed air.
When the controller 11 of the wind instrument automatic performance device 1 receives an instruction for automatic performance of the trumpet 2 from the operation unit 13, it instructs the transfer of MIDI data in accordance with the instruction (step S10). The controller 11 temporarily stores the MIDI data transferred from the FD, and sequentially reads out each event (step S11). As a result, the events in the MIDI data are sequentially supplied to the automatic performance electronic circuit 12 (step S13). The automatic performance electronic circuit 12 performs a process of analyzing the supplied event (step S14).
[0031]
FIG. 7 shows a flowchart of this event analysis processing. First, it is determined whether or not this event is an event for instructing sound generation. If the determination result is affirmative, the process proceeds to step S141. In step S141, the amount of drive current to flow to the solenoid valve 5 is determined so that air having a flow rate corresponding to the volume value indicated by the event flows through the air pipe 4.
[0032]
Next, the amount of drive current corresponding to the pitch indicated by the event is determined (step S142). Thus, the amount of drive current to be passed to the artificial lip solenoids 32a and 32b is determined.
[0033]
In addition, a piston valve to be depressed among the first piston valve 20a, the second piston valve 20b, and the third piston valve 20c of the trumpet 2 is determined in accordance with the pitch indicated by the event (step S143). Then, the amount of drive current to be passed to the piston solenoid corresponding to the determined piston valve is determined (step S144). Next, the process proceeds to step S15 shown in FIG.
[0034]
In step S15, the automatic performance electronic circuit 12 causes the amount of drive current determined in step S141 to flow to the solenoid valve 5, and the amount of drive current determined in step S142 to flow to the artificial lip solenoids 32a and 32b. The drive current of the amount determined in step S144 is applied to 22a, 22b, and 22c.
Thereby, the sound corresponding to the event is emitted from the trumpet 2 by the vibration of the air.
[0035]
If the result of the determination in step S140 is negative, that is, if the supplied event is an event for instructing mute, the process proceeds to step S148. In step S148, the amount of drive current to flow through the solenoid valve 5 is set to 0 (step S145).
[0036]
As described above, the automatic performance electronic circuit 12 controls the drive of the solenoid valve 5, the artificial lip solenoids 32a, 32b, and the piston solenoids 22a, 22b, 22c in accordance with the sequentially supplied events, whereby the trumpet 2 is controlled. Is performed in accordance with the MIDI data.
[0037]
Therefore, the trumpet 2 can be automatically played without a player, and the original sound of the musical instrument can be automatically generated instead of the electronic sound.
[0038]
(3) Modifications Although one embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the above-described embodiment is merely an example, and can be implemented in the following various modes.
[0039]
<1> The wind instrument automatic performance device 1 may be formed integrally with the trumpet 2. The instrument to be automatically played is not limited to the trumpet, but may be a wind instrument such as a cornet, a tuba, a euphonium, a bass, a trombone, and a flute.
[0040]
<2> In the present embodiment, the automatic performance of the music is performed using the MIDI data recorded on the FD, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, MIDI data stored in a storage medium such as a CD or a memory card may be used. Instead of using these storage media, a storage device such as a ROM may be provided in the wind instrument automatic performance apparatus main body, and the wind instrument may be automatically played according to the MIDI data stored in the storage device.
[0041]
<3> The automatic performance electronic circuit 12 determines the flow rate of the air, adjusts the pressure applied to the artificial lip 3, and determines the piston valve to be pressed in this order. Is also good.
[0042]
<4> The musical sound generation data is not limited to MIDI data, but may be any data that indicates the pitch, volume, sounding time, and the like.
[0043]
<5> In the above-described embodiment, what adjusts the flow rate of the air generated by the air compressor 6 is not limited to the electromagnetic valve 5, but may have another configuration. Further, the configuration of the solenoid valve 5 is not limited to the configuration described above.
[0044]
<6> The trumpet 2 may be automatically played using musical sound generation data input from the keyboard in real time. For example, as shown in FIG. 8, a keyboard 15 is connected to the controller 11 instead of the media driving device 10 in the above-described embodiment. By playing the keyboard 15, an event of MIDI data corresponding to the performance is supplied to the controller 11 in real time. The controller 11 supplies the supplied event to the automatic performance electronic circuit 12. Thereafter, similarly to the above-described embodiment, a sound corresponding to MIDI data input from the keyboard 15 is emitted from the trumpet 2.
According to such a configuration, even a person who cannot blow the trumpet 2 can freely output sound from the trumpet 2 simply by playing the keyboard 15.
[0045]
<7> The arrangement position of the artificial lip solenoids 32a and 32b is not limited to the above-described embodiment. For example, they may be arranged on the left and right sides of the tube part 31 of the artificial lip 3 in the lateral direction. Further, it may be arranged so as to be inclined so as to have a certain inclination angle, instead of being perpendicular to the direction in which the air flows in the pipe portion 31.
Further, the artificial lip solenoids 32a and 32b may be operated so as to have an inclination angle with respect to the direction of air flow in the tube portion 31.
In such a configuration, the pitch corresponding to the inclination angle is determined in advance by an experiment.
[0046]
<8> Other actuators may be used instead of the artificial lip solenoid and the piston solenoid. For example, a geared motor, a supersonic motor, or the like may be used.
[0047]
<9> Further, as shown in FIG. 9, a plurality of artificial lip solenoids may be provided in the tube portion 31 of the artificial lip 3. For example, the artificial lip solenoids 32a and 32b may be configured to move fast, and the artificial lip solenoids 32a and 32b may be configured to move slowly. The speed of movement is adjusted by the size of the coil, iron core, and the like that constitute the solenoid, the amount of current flowing through the solenoid, and the like.
One set of upper and lower artificial lip solenoids is disposed perpendicular to the direction of air flow in the tube portion 31, and the other set of artificial lip solenoids is arranged in the direction in which air flows in the tube portion 31. May be arranged so as to have a certain angle of inclination with respect to. Further, another set of artificial lip solenoids may be operated so as to have an inclination angle with respect to the direction of air flow in the tube portion 31. In such a configuration, the correspondence between the inclination angle and the pitch may be obtained in advance by an experiment.
[0048]
<10> In the above-described embodiment, when an event for instructing mute is supplied to the automatic performance circuit 12, the solenoid valve 5 is controlled to stop the air from flowing into the trumpet 2. In the MIDI standard, the event instructing the mute is usually a note-off message. However, the event may include an exclusive message capable of instructing arbitrary processing, and the exclusive message may be instructed to temporarily stop breathing, that is, to stop air from flowing.
[0049]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, a musical tone corresponding to the musical sound generation data can be generated from the wind instrument according to the musical sound generation data.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a mechanical configuration of a wind instrument automatic performance device 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the mouthpiece 21 of the artificial lip 3 and the trumpet 2 according to the embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an electrical configuration of the wind instrument automatic performance device 1 according to the embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing MIDI data according to the embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a tube portion 31 of the artificial lip 3 according to the embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the operation of the wind instrument automatic performance device 1 according to the present embodiment.
FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing an event analysis operation of the wind instrument automatic performance device 1 according to the present embodiment.
FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a wind instrument automatic performance device 1 according to a modification of the present embodiment.
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the mouthpiece 21 of the artificial lip 3 and the trumpet 2 according to a modification of the embodiment.
FIG. 10 is a sectional view of a solenoid valve 5 according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a sectional view of a solenoid valve 5 according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a sectional view of a solenoid valve 5 according to one embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... wind instrument automatic performance apparatus, 1A ... housing | casing, 1B ... stand, 1C ... stand, 2 ... trumpet, 20a ... 1st piston valve, 20b ... 2nd piston Valve, 20c: third piston valve, 21: mouthpiece, 22a: solenoid for piston, 22b: solenoid for piston, 22c: solenoid for piston, 3: artificial lip, 30 ... Cylindrical part, 31 ... Tube part, 32a ... Artificial lip solenoid, 32b ... Artificial lip solenoid, 4 ... Air piping, 5 ... Electromagnetic valve, 50 ... Solenoid 51, piston, 51a, flange, 51b, flange, 51c, cylinder, 51d, spring, 52, discharge pipe, 6 air compressor, 10 medium Drive Location, 11 ... controller, 12 ... automatic performance electronic circuit, 13 ... operation unit, 14 ... storage unit, 15 ... keyboard.

Claims (2)

An artificial lip that is attached to the mouthpiece of a wind instrument and generates vibrations that mimic human lips in response to the flowing air;
Air flow discharging means for discharging an air flow and allowing the discharged air flow to flow into the artificial lip,
Control means for controlling a cross-sectional area of an air flow path in the artificial lip and a flow rate of the air flow discharging means in accordance with musical sound generation data indicating a pitch and a strength of a musical sound. Automatic wind instrument. The control means further comprises performance operation means for operating a performance operator provided on the wind instrument in accordance with musical tone generation data indicating the pitch and intensity of a musical tone. 2. The wind instrument automatic performance device according to 1.

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