JP3938070B2 - Wind instrument playing actuator, playing device and playing method - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an actuator for playing a wind instrument, and an apparatus and method for playing a wind instrument using the actuator.
[0002]
[Prior art]
For example, in the case of a trumpet, an unskilled person struggles only by generating a musical sound, and an actuator that substitutes for it has not been developed yet.
Patent Document 1 proposes an utterance device including an artificial vocal cord or an artificial tongue body and its control device, and Patent Document 2 uses an electronic musical instrument to change the degree of lip tightening by, for example, a trumpet player. Techniques have been proposed for synthesizing musical tones that are generated when they are played, but none of them are attached to actual wind instruments to generate musical tones.
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2002-31974 A [Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-19770
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, in the present invention, an actuator that generates musical sounds from a wind instrument is realized by being mounted on an actual wind instrument. Furthermore, the present invention provides a performance device and a performance method that can be performed by using the actuator.
[0005]
For example, if an attempt is made to develop an actuator that generates a musical sound when attached to the lip contact portion (mouthpiece) of a trumpet, it usually has a member corresponding to the player's upper lip and a member corresponding to the lower lip. Assume an actuator that allows pressurized air to pass through a gap therebetween. It is assumed that the pitch of the generated musical sound can be changed by adjusting the hardness of the members corresponding to the upper and lower lips. The present inventors also tried. However, in practice, it is difficult to obtain a stable vibration by air passing between members corresponding to the upper and lower lips, and it is difficult to stably generate musical sounds. It is also difficult to obtain the intended pitch. In particular, it is very difficult to match the natural frequency of the members corresponding to the upper and lower lips with the resonance frequency of the wind instrument, and it is extremely difficult to generate a beautiful musical tone.
It has been found that a completely different approach is required to realize an actuator that generates a musical sound by being mounted on a wind instrument.
[0006]
[Means and Actions for Solving the Problems]
The actuator created in the present invention is a performance actuator that is used by being attached to a lip contact portion of a wind instrument, and as described in claim 1, is a flexible actuator disposed so as to cover the lip contact portion. The film, an introduction path for introducing pressurized air between the film and the lip contact portion, and a vibration device for vibrating the film. The frequency of the vibration device is variable, and the pitch of the musical sound generated by changing the frequency is adjusted.
[0007]
In many wind instruments, in response to the frequency of the lips being determined by the impedance of the wind instrument, a technique is required to adjust the lip tightness or the like to match the natural frequency of the lips. This adjustment is difficult, and an actuator that stably generates musical sounds has not been realized yet.
In the actuator of the present invention, the membrane is positively vibrated by the vibration device without using the phenomenon that the frequency of the member corresponding to the lips is determined by the impedance of the wind instrument. It has been confirmed that when this actuator is used by attaching it to the lip contact portion of a wind instrument, a stable tone is generated from the wind instrument. In this case, the pitch of the musical sound is determined by the vibration frequency of the vibration device, and the musical sound is stably generated even if it does not coincide with the resonance frequency determined by the impedance of the wind instrument.
[0008]
If a performance actuator is realized by a flexible film arranged so as to cover the lip contact part and a vibration device that vibrates the film, unlike the plan, pressurized air is applied between the vibration film and the lip contact part. Even if not installed, musical sounds are generated from wind instruments. However, the tone volume may not be sufficient. In order to obtain a large volume, Ru is effective der to introduce pressurized air between the vibrating membrane and the lip contact portion. Therefore, playing actuator according to the present invention, Ru is provided a introduction path for introducing the pressurized air between the vibrating membrane and the lip contact portion.
According to this performance actuator, a loud sound can be generated from the wind instrument.
[0009]
When a performance actuator created in the present invention is used, a completely new performance device is realized. This performance device is composed of a performance actuator and a device that applies drive power generated from a signal indicating a change over time in the pressure in the lip contact portion of the wind instrument being played to the vibration device of the performance actuator.
You may collect the signal which shows the time-dependent change of the pressure in the lip contact part of the wind instrument during performance in real time. While the player A is playing the wind instrument B, a signal indicating a change over time in the pressure in the lip contact portion of the wind instrument B is collected, and a drive signal generated therefrom is transmitted to the vibration device of the actuator mounted on the wind instrument C. In addition, the musical sound played by the player A can be generated from the wind instrument C. This phenomenon is obtained in real time, and a musical sound played by the player A can be generated from the wind instrument C while the player A is playing the wind instrument B.
If the wind instrument B and the wind instrument C are transmitted in a remote place, the music played by the player A can be heard using the wind instrument C in the remote place. If the signal is stored, the music sound of the player A can be reproduced later. In this case, if the wind instrument B is used, the musical sound can be reproduced more accurately. When a large number of wind instruments C are prepared, and performance actuators are attached to each of them, and driving power is simultaneously applied to the performance actuators, it is possible to obtain a musical sound in which the player A plays a plurality of wind instruments simultaneously.
[0010]
As described above, when the actuator of the present invention is used, a musical tone is generated even if it does not match the resonance frequency determined by the impedance of the wind instrument, and a musical tone having a pitch determined by the frequency of the vibration device is obtained. It is done. However, it is preferable that the resonance frequency determined by the impedance of the wind instrument matches the pitch determined by the frequency of the vibration device. For this purpose, it is preferable to add an operation unit that changes the resonance frequency of the wind instrument and a control device that controls the operation of the operation unit in accordance with the frequency of the driving power.
The operation of changing the resonance frequency of a wind instrument differs depending on the type of wind instrument. In the case of a trumpet, the resonance frequency changes by operating the piston, and in the case of a trombone, the length of the pipe is increased or decreased. As a result, the resonance frequency changes. The operation unit changes the resonance frequency by performing an operation according to the type of wind instrument.
When the resonance frequency of the wind instrument is changed by the operation unit in accordance with the frequency of the driving power applied to the actuator, a high-pitched musical tone can be obtained that is cleanly resonated.
[0011]
When the performance actuator created in the present invention is used, a completely new performance method is realized. The performance method includes a step of detecting a change with time of the pressure in the lip contact portion that occurs when the player is playing a wind instrument, and a vibration device for a performance actuator according to claim 1 to cope with the detected change with time. The step of applying the driving power is performed.
The time-dependent change in the pressure in the lip contact portion that occurs when the player is playing the wind instrument may be detected in real time. While the player A is playing the wind instrument B, the time-dependent change in the pressure in the lip contact portion of the wind instrument B is detected, and a drive signal corresponding to the change over time is vibrated by the performance actuator mounted on the wind instrument C. When added to the apparatus, the musical sound played by the player A can be generated from the wind instrument C while the player A is playing the wind instrument B.
If the wind instrument B and the wind instrument C are placed in a remote place, the music of the player A can be heard in the remote place. If the detected signal is stored, the musical sound of the player A can be heard later. If a large number of wind instruments C are prepared, it is possible to obtain a musical sound in which the player A plays a plurality of wind instruments simultaneously.
[0012]
Although the pressure inside the lip contact portion (the pressure inside the mouthpiece in the case of a trumpet) may be directly detected, when the silencer is attached to the wind instrument, the pressure inside the silencer increases or decreases in conjunction with the pressure inside the lip contact portion. Therefore, a time-dependent change in pressure corresponding to the pressure in the lip contact portion may be detected using a microphone arranged in the silencer.
[0013]
Interestingly, even if the driving power applied to the vibration device of the actuator is generated from other than the musical sound of the wind instrument, the musical sound can be generated from the wind instrument.
For example, when driving power is generated from a signal indicating a change over time of a musical sound obtained by playing a piano, a musical sound close to a piano sound can be obtained from a wind instrument. When driving power is generated from a signal indicating a change over time in the sound of a vocalist, a musical sound close to a human voice can be obtained from a wind instrument.
A step of detecting a signal indicating a change over time of a musical tone played by a player using a microphone, and a step of applying driving power corresponding to the detected signal indicating a change over time to a vibration device of a performance actuator. By executing, it is possible to obtain a musical sound close to the musical sound recorded using the microphone.
[0014]
As mentioned above, the volume of the tone is increased by introducing pressurized air between the vibration Domaku and lips contact. When the actuator according to claim 1 is used, the pitch of the musical sound generated by the wind instrument is controlled by the actuator, and a performance method in which the volume is controlled by a person becomes possible. That is, a step of detecting a signal indicating a change over time of a musical tone performed by a player using a microphone and a path for introducing a driving power corresponding to the detected signal indicating a change over time into the pressurized air are provided. The wind instrument can be played by executing a step of applying to the vibration device of the performance actuator and a step of increasing / decreasing the pressure of pressurized air applied by the person to the performance actuator while applying drive power.
According to this performance method, the pitch of a musical tone generated by a wind instrument can be controlled by an actuator, and the volume can be controlled by a person.
[0015]
[Embodiment]
The main features of the embodiments described below are listed first.
(Mode 1) A flexible film is constituted by a membrane film.
(Mode 2) The membrane film vibrates to close or open a gap between the vibrating membrane and the lip contact portion.
(Mode 3) The membrane film vibrates to increase or decrease the passage area of the gap between the vibrating membrane and the lip contact portion.
(Mode 4) Pressurized air is supplied to the actuator from a cylinder containing pressurized air.
(Mode 5) The vibration device is configured by an electromagnet fixed to the actuator body and a coil fixed to the film.
[0016]
【Example】
Hereinafter, examples will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of the performance actuator 2, and FIG. 2 shows an external view of the performance actuator 2 as viewed from the mouthpiece 30 side.
The actuator 2 is accommodated in a casing formed by connecting an upper plate 4, a cylinder 14, and a bottom plate 24 with screws 6 and screws 22. A plurality of bolts 18 are embedded in the bottom plate 24. A flexible membrane (membrane membrane) 32 in which a plurality of holes through which a plurality of bolts 18 pass is formed at the periphery is stretched along the upper surface of the bottom plate 24 by a ring 20 and a nut 19. A core holder 10 having a cylindrical portion and a disc portion is fixed to a bolt 18 by a nut 16 and a nut 17. A bottomed cylindrical core 12 is fixed to the core holder 10. A yoke 8 is fixed to the top of the core 12. A permanent magnet 40 is fixed to the center of the bottomed cylindrical core 12. A coil 38 is accommodated in a cylindrical space between the permanent magnet 40 and the core 12 so as to be movable up and down. The lower end of the coil 38 is bonded to the membrane film 32. A lead wire (not shown) of the coil 38 is drawn out of the actuator 2.
A recess is provided in the upper surface of the bottom plate 24, and a space 25 is secured between the bottom plate 24 and the membrane film 32. In the space 25, an upper flange 30a of a mouthpiece (a lip contact portion of a wind instrument) 30 is accommodated. A screw (not shown) is screwed into the screw hole 28 to fix the positional relationship between the mouthpiece 30 and the bottom plate 24. In the figure, reference numeral 26 denotes a shim. When the thick shim 26 is used, the membrane film 32 and the upper surface of the mouthpiece 30 are in strong contact, and when the thin shim 26 is used, the contact pressure between the membrane film 32 and the upper surface of the mouthpiece 30 is weakened. When the thinner shim 26 is used, the upper surface of the membrane film 32 and the mouthpiece 30 are separated.
A port 36 connected to a pressurized air supply hose is provided on the lower surface of the bottom plate 24, and an introduction path 34 communicates the port 36 with the space 25.
[0017]
When alternating current is applied to the coil 38, the coil 38 vibrates up and down, and the membrane film 32 vibrates. When the membrane film 32 vibrates, the pressure in the mouthpiece 30 (the lip contact portion of the wind instrument) fluctuates with time (vibrates). Further, when alternating current is applied to the coil 38 while supplying pressurized air to the space 25, the passage area of the gap formed between the lower surface of the membrane film 32 and the upper surface of the mouthpiece (lip contact portion of the wind instrument) 30 is increased. It fluctuates over time (vibrates). Since the passage area vibrates, the flow rate per unit time of air flowing from the space 25 into the mouthpiece 30 also vibrates.
Since the permanent magnet 40 and the core 12 do not vibrate and only the lightweight coil 38 and the membrane film 32 vibrate, the inertia of the vibrating part is small and the frequency response is high. The frequency of the alternating current applied to the coil 38 and the vibration frequency of the membrane film 32 are in good agreement.
[0018]
During actual performance, as shown in FIG. 3, the mouthpiece 30 fixed to the actuator 2 is attached to a wind instrument (for example, a trumpet) 40. Then, AC power having a predetermined frequency is applied to the coil 38. Then, at that frequency, the coil 38 vibrates in the vertical direction, the membrane film 32 vibrates, and the pressure in the mouthpiece 30 (the lip contact portion of the wind instrument) fluctuates with time (vibrates). Since the pressure in the mouthpiece 30 vibrates at the above-described frequency, a musical tone with that frequency is generated from the wind instrument 40.
Actually, a musical sound is generated from the wind instrument 40 without introducing air from the port 36. In addition, regardless of the operation state of the pistons 40 a to 40 c that change the resonance frequency of the wind instrument 40, a tone having the frequency of the AC power applied to the coil 38 is generated.
[0019]
When the pressurized air is introduced from the port 36 and the pressurized air is passed through the gap between the vibrating membrane film 32 and the mouthpiece 30, the volume of the musical sound generated from the wind instrument 40 increases.
A cylinder 60 that stores pressurized air and the port 36 of the actuator 2 are connected by a tube, and the switching valve 58, the throttle 56, and the pressure reducing valve 54 provided therebetween are controlled by the CPU 46, thereby vibrating the membrane film 32. When the amount of air passing through the gap between the mouthpiece 30 and the mouthpiece 30 is increased, the volume is increased, and when the amount of air is decreased, the volume is decreased.
When the person blows in, the amount of air blown from the tube into the port 36 can be increased or decreased. If the air is blown strongly, it can be played at a high volume, and if it is blown weakly, it can be played at a low volume.
[0020]
When the resonance frequency of the wind instrument 40 is changed in accordance with the frequency of the AC power applied to the coil 38, a beautifully resonated tone can be obtained with a large volume. The three artificial fingers 68a to 68c for operating the three pistons 40a to 40c of the trumpet 40 are prepared, the solenoid valves 66a to 66c for operating the artificial fingers 68a to 66c are controlled by the CPU 46, and the trumpet adjusted by the three pistons 40a to 40c When the resonance frequency of 40 is matched with the frequency of the AC power applied to the coil 38, a beautifully resonated tone can be obtained with a large volume.
[0021]
Artificially generated AC power can be applied to the coil 38 to generate a musical sound from the wind instrument 40, but a musical sound played by a person can also be reproduced.
For this purpose, first, the player actually removes the actuator 2 from the mouthpiece 30 and uses the wind instrument 40 to perform. When the player actually performs, a silencer (see FIG. 4; also referred to as mute) 62 is attached to the wind instrument, and the microphone 42 arranged in the silencer 62 is used to adjust the pressure at the location where the microphone 42 is present. Changes over time are detected and stored. For this purpose, a filter and amplifier 50, an A / D converter 48, and a CPU 46 are used to store in the RAM 47 a signal indicating the recorded pressure change (vibration) over time.
[0022]
As shown in FIG. 4, the location of the microphone 42 of the silencer (mute) 62 varies in accordance with the pressure in the lip contact portion (mouthpiece) 30 of the wind instrument 40 due to the relationship between the vibration belly and the node. . By using the microphone 42 disposed in the silencer 62, it is possible to detect a change over time in the pressure corresponding to the pressure in the lip contact portion that occurs when the player plays the wind instrument.
[0023]
When the RAM 47 stores a signal indicating a change over time in the pressure in the lip contact portion that occurs when the player is playing a wind instrument, the performance can be reproduced by using the actuator 2. In this case, the actuator 2 is attached to the mouthpiece 30, and the silencer 62 is removed from the wind instrument 40. When performing using the actuator 2, the microphone 42, the filter & amplifier 50, and the A / D converter 48 are unnecessary. Instead, an amplifier 44 is required.
When performing using the actuator 2, the CPU 46 generates a drive power signal reflecting the frequency included in the signal from the signal indicating the temporal change in the lip contact portion pressure stored in the RAM 47. Output to the amplifier 44. The amplifier 44 generates instructed drive power and energizes the coil 38 of the actuator 2. As a result, the membrane film 32 vibrates in the same manner as when the player performs, and the same musical sound is generated from the wind instrument 40 as when the player performs.
At this time, it is preferable that the CPU 46 controls the solenoid valves 66 a to 66 c to change the resonance frequency of the wind instrument 40 in accordance with the frequency of the driving power supplied to the coil 38. If the vibration frequency of the driving power and the resonance frequency of the wind instrument are kept consistent, it is possible to perform with a well-resonated musical sound.
Further, it is preferable that the CPU 46 controls the pressure reducing valve 54 to increase or decrease the amount of air blown into the wind instrument 40 following the change in the volume of the recorded performance. If the amount of air blown is increased or decreased according to the volume change of the recorded performance, it can be replayed up to the volume level. Reference numeral 52 denotes an interface.
[0024]
As described above, the performance by the player A can be recorded and replayed later using an actuator, but while detecting a signal indicating a change over time in the lip contact portion of the wind instrument being played. It can also be replayed in real time. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, while the player A is playing the wind instrument B, a signal indicating a change with time of the pressure in the lip contact portion of the wind instrument B is collected, and the drive signal generated therefrom is sent to the wind instrument C. When added to the vibration device of the mounted actuator 2, a musical sound that the player A performs using the wind instrument B can be generated from the wind instrument C. In this case, it is not always necessary to temporarily store the signal.
If the wind instrument B and the wind instrument C transmit and receive signals at a remote location, the music of the player A can be heard using the wind instrument C at a remote location. If a plurality of wind instruments C and D to be played by the actuator 2 are prepared, it is possible to obtain a non-existent musical sound in which the player A plays a plurality of wind instruments C and D at the same time.
[0025]
Musical sounds that can be replayed using a performance actuator and a wind instrument are not limited to those obtained from a wind instrument, and it is also possible to create a musical sound such as a piano or a musical sound that a person sings or speaks. As shown in FIG. 6, the musical sound played by the player E using a musical instrument F other than a wind instrument is stored in a storage device using a microphone and a filter & amplifier, and the driving power obtained therefrom is applied to the actuator. Can be reproduced from the wind instrument G. For example, a piano sound can be generated from a trumpet. When driving power is generated from the sound of a person singing or speaking, a wind instrument can be sung or spoken.
[0026]
Although specific examples of the present invention have been described in detail above, these are examples and do not limit the scope of the claims. Further, the present invention solves several objects, and is not meaningful only when all objects are solved simultaneously, but only by solving one or two objects.
[0027]
【The invention's effect】
When the performance actuator created in the present invention is used, it is possible to stably generate musical sounds from wind instruments, thereby realizing a performance robot. In addition, various performance methods are possible, and it is possible to reproduce the musical sounds of prominent performers from real musical instruments and to play real musical instruments at remote locations. In addition, a single performer can perform a plurality of actual musical instruments at the same time, or use a musical sound of a skilled player to perform with his or her favorite sound intensity, making it impossible to perform in the past It becomes possible.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a performance actuator.
FIG. 2 is a bottom view of a performance actuator.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a performance replay device using a performance actuator.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing that a pressure corresponding to the pressure in the lip contact portion can be detected by the microphone of the silencer.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a configuration example for replaying a performance at a remote place.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a configuration example for replaying musical sounds other than wind instruments.
[Explanation of symbols]
12: Core 38: Coil 40: Vibrating device is composed of permanent magnets or more 30: Mouthpiece (lip contact part)
32: Flexible membrane (membrane membrane)
36: Pressurized air introduction port

Claims (7)

It is a performance actuator that is used by being attached to the lip contact part of a wind instrument,
A flexible membrane placed over the lip contact area;
An introduction path for introducing pressurized air between the membrane and the lip contact portion;
A vibration device for vibrating the film,
A performance actuator characterized in that the frequency of the vibration device is variable. The performance actuator of claim 1 ;
A wind instrument performance apparatus comprising: a device for applying drive power generated from a signal indicating a change over time in pressure in a lip contact portion of a wind instrument being played to the vibration device of the performance actuator. An operation unit for changing the resonance frequency of the wind instrument,
The performance device according to claim 2 , further comprising a control device that controls the operation of the operation unit in accordance with the frequency of the driving power. Detecting a change over time in the pressure in the lip contact portion that occurs when the player is playing a wind instrument; and
A performance method comprising the step of applying drive power corresponding to the detected temporal change to the vibration device for a performance actuator according to claim 1 . 5. The performance method according to claim 4 , wherein a time-dependent change in pressure corresponding to the pressure in the lip contact portion is detected using a microphone arranged in a silencer attached to the wind instrument. Using a microphone to detect a signal indicating a change over time of the musical sound played by the player,
A performance method comprising a step of applying drive power corresponding to a signal indicating a detected change over time to the vibration device for a performance actuator according to claim 1 . Using a microphone to detect a signal indicating a change over time of the musical sound played by the player,
Applying a drive power corresponding to a signal indicating a detected change over time to the vibration device for a performance actuator according to claim 1 ;
Simultaneously with the driving power applying step, how to play a person is provided with a step of increasing or decreasing adjusting the pressure of the pressurized air to be applied to playing actuator according to claim 1.

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