JP2002278556A - Wind instrument having reed and reed for the wind instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a wind instrument which is capable of exactly acquiring the information on a player's rendition and the reed for the wind instrument adequate for the wind instrument. SOLUTION: A vibration sensor 20 detects the vibration of a reed 10 and outputs a reed vibration signal as the result of detection to a preamplifier 28 connected via a lead wire 20, connectors 24a and 24b, and a wiring 26. The preamplifier 28 amplifies the supplied reed vibration signal and outputs the same to an analog-to-digital converter 50. The analog-to-digital converter 50 converts the reed vibration signal into a digital signal from an analog signal and outputs the reed vibration signal to a filter 52. The filter 52 removes noise from the reed vibration signal and outputs the reed vibration signal to a signal processing section 54. The signal processing section 54 separates the reed vibration signal to plural vibration components and acquires the information on the playing from the respective vibration components.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a wind instrument having a lead such as a clarinet or a saxophone, and to a wind instrument lead.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in a keyboard instrument or the like, the movement of a key or the like is detected by a sensor, and the detection result is recorded as performance data, or the recorded performance data is supplied to an electronic sound source to be electronically controlled. Generating musical sounds has been performed.

[0003]

However, a wind instrument having reeds has a problem that a player cannot record a delicate performance expression performed by using a playing technique such as tangling. .

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and has as its object to provide a wind instrument capable of acquiring more information on a player's playing style, and a wind instrument lead suitable for the wind instrument. The purpose is to provide.

[0005]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, a wind instrument of the present invention comprises a tubular portion, a lead,
A sensor for outputting a lead vibration signal corresponding to a vibration state of the reed; a first signal corresponding to exhalation vibration caused by a player's exhalation and movement of a lip or a tongue from the reed vibration signal; A frequency filter for separating a second signal corresponding to a resonance vibration generated in the tubular portion due to exhalation of the sound, and a tone for extracting information on a tone from at least one of the first signal and the second signal Information extraction means.

According to this wind instrument, a reed vibration signal corresponding to the reed vibration state is output from the sensor. Next, from the reed vibration signal, a first signal corresponding to the exhalation vibration generated by the exhalation of the player and the movement of the lips or tongue, and a second signal corresponding to the resonance vibration generated in the tube portion by the exhalation of the performer After being separated from the second signal by the frequency filter, the first tone information is extracted by the tone information extracting means.
And information on a musical tone is extracted from at least one of the second signal and the second signal.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a wind instrument reed according to the present invention, wherein the reed vibration signal is a reed used for a wind opening of the wind instrument, the reed vibration signal corresponding to a vibration state generated in the reed. A sensor for outputting to the device, wherein the sensor is embedded in the lead;

According to this wind instrument lead, a sensor for outputting a lead signal corresponding to a vibration state generated in the lead to an external device is embedded in the lead.

[0009]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

<Embodiment> In this embodiment, an example will be described in which the reed according to the present invention is applied to a saxophone of a natural wind instrument. FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an appearance of a saxophone main body including a lead according to the present embodiment. As shown in the figure, the saxophone includes a blow port 2 through which a player breathes, and a tubular body 4. Tube part 4
Are provided with a plurality of keys 6 for designating a pitch, and an opening 8 for emitting a musical sound from the tube portion 4. In addition, a lever or the like is provided in the tube portion 4, but the description thereof is omitted.

Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the outlet 2 is provided with a mouthpiece 9. FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the outlet 2. As shown in the figure, a lead 10 is provided below the mouthpiece 9 in the drawing. The lead 10 is crimped and fixed to the mouthpiece 9 by the ligature 12 such that one surface (upper side in the drawing) is in contact with the mouthpiece 9. The mouthpiece 9 and the lead 10 described above are held in the mouth m of the player, and the breath of the player is supplied through a through hole 14 provided at the right end of the mouthpiece 9 in the drawing. It flows into the cavity C formed by the lead 9 and the lead 10, and then flows into the tubular portion 4 (not shown).

On the other hand, a vibration sensor 20 is provided on the lead 10. The vibration sensor 20 outputs a signal corresponding to the vibration of the lead 10 at the time of blowing. More specifically, at the time of blowing, the reed 10 is driven by the expiration of the player and the resonance vibration generated in the tube portion 4, and the reed 10 is vibrated. Vibration sensor 2
0 outputs a signal corresponding to the vibration state of the lead 10 as a lead vibration signal. A lead wire 22 is drawn out from the vibration sensor 20, and detachable connectors 24 a and 24 b are provided at the end of the lead wire 22. The connector 24a is a female connector, and the connector 24b is a female connector having a shape that engages with the female shape. The connector 24b is connected to a preamplifier 28 via a wiring 26.

The above-described vibration sensor 20 is embedded in the lead 10. The mode of embedding the vibration sensor 20 will be described below. FIG. 3 shows the lead 10 and the vibration sensor 2.
FIG. As shown in FIG.
In the surface which abuts on the mouthpiece 9 of the housing 0, a housing hole 1 for housing the sensor 20, the wiring 22, and the connector 24a is provided.
0a is provided. Sensor 20 and wiring 22 described above
And the connector 24a are housed in the housing hole 10a.

Next, as shown in FIG.
Moisture proofing is performed by molding a resin 30 such as a special silicone-modified polymer-based elastic adhesive between the 0 and the lead wire 22 above the drawing (the direction in which the mouthpiece 9 contacts) and the gap between the lead 10. . When the resin 30 is used for molding, the contact surface between the lead 10 and the mouthpiece 9 is brought into close contact by flattening the mold surface, and the airtightness of the cavity C (see FIG. 2) is maintained.

A vibration sensor 20 embedded in the lead 10
Has a piezoelectric element 34 sandwiched between electrodes 36a and 36b, as shown in FIG. Further, the entire outside of the vibration sensor 20 is covered with an insulating material 38 such as an organic film in order to reduce noise. In the vibration sensor 20 having such a configuration, the piezoelectric element 34 is connected to the lead 1.
Outputs a voltage corresponding to the stress applied via 0. As a result, the vibration sensor 20 outputs a current signal corresponding to the vibration waveform of the lead 10 (hereinafter, referred to as a lead vibration signal). The material of the piezoelectric element 34 may be any material that produces a piezoelectric effect, such as PZT (lead zirconate titanate) or PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride).
and so on. This PVDF is an organic piezoelectric substance and has advantages such as easy formation into a film. Therefore, P
By using VDF as a piezoelectric element, the vibration sensor 20 can be made compact. Further, when the lead 10 and the mouthpiece 9 are crimped and fixed, the sensor 20 provided with the PVDF is embedded in a part of the part of the lead 10 which is pressurized by the ligature 12, thereby detecting the vibration of the lead 10. The sensitivity is improved.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing an electrical configuration of a saxophone having leads according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the lead vibration signal output from the vibration sensor 20 is amplified by the preamplifier 28,
After being converted from an analog signal to a digital signal in the / D converter 50, the digital signal is supplied to the filter 52. The lead vibration signal is supplied to the signal processing unit 54 after the noise is removed by the filter 52.

The signal processing section 54 has a frequency filter. As described above, the reed 10 is driven and vibrated by the player's exhalation and the resonance vibration generated in the tubular body 4, so that the reed vibration signal includes the player's exhalation and the movement of the lips or tongue. A first signal corresponding to the generated exhalation vibration and a second signal corresponding to the resonance vibration generated in the tubular portion by the exhalation of the performer are included.
The signal processing unit 54 uses a built-in frequency filter to separate the first signal and the second signal included in the reed vibration signal, and then generates tone data from each of the separated signals to store the tone data. Output to 56. The storage unit 56 includes a recording medium such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, and a semiconductor memory, and stores the supplied musical sound data.

Next, the operation of the saxophone having the above-described lead will be described. This saxophone can record the output result of the vibration sensor 20 as performance data.

First, an outline of a recording operation of a saxophone having a lead according to the present embodiment will be described. As shown in FIG. 2, first, the performer adds the mouthpiece 9 and the lead 10 to the mouth m, and the exhalation flows through the through-hole 14. As a result, a musical tone is emitted from the tube portion 4 and the reed 10 is vibrated by the expiration of the player and the resonance vibration in the tube portion 4. Then, as shown in FIG.
The vibration sensor 20 detects the vibration of the lead 10 and outputs a lead vibration signal as a detection result to the lead wire 20 and the connector 2.
The signal is supplied to a preamplifier 28 via 4a and 4b and a wiring 26. The preamplifier 28 amplifies the supplied lead vibration signal and outputs the amplified signal to the A / D converter 50. The A / D converter 50 converts the read vibration signal from an analog signal to a digital signal, and outputs the digital signal to the filter 52. Filter 5
Reference numeral 2 denotes a digital filter which outputs a lead vibration signal to the signal processing unit 54 after removing noise from the lead vibration signal. The signal processing unit 54 separates the lead vibration signal into several vibration components using a frequency filter, obtains performance-related information from each vibration component, and uses the information to perform performance data in a predetermined format. Create The performance data created in this way is recorded on a recording medium provided in the storage unit 56. Note that an analog filter may be used as the filter 52. In this case,
The filter 52 is provided between the preamplifier 28 and the A / D converter 50.

In the schematic operation described above, the saxophone provided with the lead according to the present embodiment is characterized in that the signal processing unit 54 obtains information relating to the performance from the vibration of the lead 10 and creates performance data. Have. Less than,
This performance information acquisition operation will be described in detail.

The signal processing section 54 separates the supplied lead vibration signal into several vibration components, and obtains information on the performance from each of the vibration components. First, each vibration component and musical sound information obtained from each vibration component will be described with reference to FIG.

FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram for explaining a tone generation operation of a reed wind instrument. In FIG.
The pressure in the mouth of the player (sound pressure) is indicated by the symbol P, and the pressure in the cavity C formed by the mouthpiece 9 and the lead 10 is indicated by the symbol p. In addition, the resonance vibration W generated inside the tube at the time of sound generation is indicated by a dashed line.

When playing a wind instrument, a player inhales expiration from the through hole 14 toward the cavity C. At this time, a pressure difference (Pp) is generated between the sound pressure P of the player and the pressure p in the cavity, and the lead 10 moves in the vertical direction in the drawing in proportion to the pressure difference. Specifically, when the blowing pressure P is higher than the in-cavity pressure p (P> p), the lead 10 moves upward in the drawing (in a direction to close the through hole 14). Conversely, when the blowing pressure P is smaller than the pressure p in the cavity (p <P), the lead 10 moves downward in the drawing (the direction in which the through hole 14 is expanded). As described above, when the performer inhales the expiration from the through-hole 14, the lead 10 is vibrated (hereinafter referred to as expiration vibration).

The pressure difference (Pp) between the blowing pressure P and the pressure p in the cavity is related to the flow rate of the expiration of the player, and the expiration flow rate is the pressure between the blowing pressure P and the pressure p in the cavity. It is proportional to the difference (P-p). In a natural wind instrument, when the expiration flow rate exceeds a predetermined value, a sound is generated from the tubular portion 4, and the volume of a musical tone generated in proportion to the expiration flow rate increases. Therefore, by extracting the expiratory vibration component from the lead vibration signal, it is possible to acquire information on the note-on and note-off timing, the attack at the time of sound generation, and the velocity.

On the other hand, the performer sometimes intentionally stops exhalation vibration by a blowing operation such as so-called "tanging" such as closing the through hole 14 with a "tongue". Therefore, from the lead vibration signal,
It is possible to extract the above-described expiratory vibration component, and further obtain the tonging timing as information relating to the blowing operation of the player from the timing at which the vibration stops.

As shown in FIG. 7, when the performer inhales expiration from the through-hole 14 toward the cavity C, the inspired exhalation generates an air flow pi that enters the tube 4. Next, the incident air flow pi is changed to a key 6 (see FIG. 1).
Is reflected by the sound hole 6a or the opening 8 which is opened in accordance with the operation state of, and a reflected airflow po is generated. As a result, the vibration of the incident air flow pi and the vibration of the reflected air flow po resonate in the tube portion 4, and a resonance vibration W is generated. The opening 8 corresponds to the frequency of the resonance vibration W. The musical tone of the pitch is emitted. The frequency of the reflected airflow po is the open sound hole 6.
Since it is determined by the position of a, the frequency of the resonance vibration W also changes depending on the position of the opened sound hole 6a. Also,
The frequency of the resonance vibration W is an integral multiple of the natural frequency of the tubular portion determined by the position of the opened sound hole 6a.

As described above, the resonance vibration W is generated in the tube portion 4 by the expiration of the player, and the lead 10 also vibrates due to the resonance vibration W. Therefore, by extracting the resonance vibration component from the lead vibration signal, the pitch of the emitted musical tone can be obtained.

Therefore, the signal processing unit 54 separates an expiration vibration component and a resonance vibration component from the supplied lead vibration signal, and obtains information on musical tones from each vibration component. FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram showing the operation of such a signal processing unit 54. As shown in the figure, the resonance vibration has a higher vibration frequency than the expiration vibration, and the detected lead vibration signal is easily passed through a high-pass filter or a low-pass filter to easily generate the resonance vibration component and the expiration. Vibration components can be separated.

Next, the signal processing section 54 generates musical sound information from the separated vibration components. Specifically, the timing at which the expiratory vibration amplitude exceeds a predetermined value A, or
The signal processing unit 54 acquires the timing T0 at which the resonance vibration occurs as the musical sound generation timing.

When a musical tone is generated, the resonance vibration amplitude increases as the expiration vibration amplitude increases, as shown in FIG. Therefore, the signal processing unit 54 obtains the velocity change rate (attack strength) from the expiration vibration amplitude change rate or the resonance vibration amplitude change rate.

Next, when the player performs "tangling", the vibration of the lead 10 is forcibly stopped. Therefore, the signal processing unit 54 generates a discontinuous change in the time gradient of the expiration vibration amplitude, and when the time gradient becomes zero after this discontinuous change, the occurrence time T1 of the discontinuous change
Is obtained as the tongue start timing. At this time, since no air flows into the tubular portion, the resonance vibration is also attenuated. Also, if the player's "tanging" is weak,
The time gradient of the expiratory vibration amplitude gradually approaches zero, as indicated by the dashed line. Therefore, the signal processing unit 54
The strength of the "tanging" performed by the player is obtained from the amplitude change rate at the discontinuous point of the exhalation vibration.

Then, the signal processing unit 54 obtains the time T2 at which the expiratory vibration amplitude starts to fluctuate with time discontinuously as the tangging end timing. When the tongue ends and air flows into the tube again, the resonance vibration becomes strong.

On the other hand, the cavity pressure p is larger than the blowing pressure P.
Is larger, the lead 10 moves downward in FIG. This means that sufficient air has not flowed into the tube portion 4 to induce resonance vibration. Therefore, the signal processing unit 54 acquires the time T3 at which the expiration vibration amplitude starts decreasing as the silencing timing.

Finally, the signal processing section 54 acquires the time T4 at which the lead 10 stops at the steady position or the time T4 at which the resonance vibration stops, as the sounding end timing.

The signal processing unit 54 uses, for example, MIDI (Musical Instrument)
ent Digital Interface) creates performance data in a predetermined format defined by the standard. In addition to the information related to the sounding timing, the silencing timing, and the tongue described above, the information regarding the playing style intention of the player, the breath flow rate, the breathing speed, the breathing pressure, and the lips of the player during the blowing from the lead vibration signal. , Information about the force applied to the mouthpiece 9 and the like can be obtained.

As described above, in the present embodiment, by detecting the vibration state of the reed during blowing,
Information about generated musical sounds can be obtained. In particular,
The detected vibration state is separated into expiratory vibrations related to the expiratory movement of the performer and resonant vibrations related to musical sounds emitted as a result of the expiratory movement. From the expiration vibration, it is possible to acquire information on the playing style of the player such as generation of a musical tone, attenuation of the musical tone, and tangling. From the resonance vibration, it is possible to obtain information on the pitch, volume, sounding timing, silencing timing, and the like of the musical sound to be emitted. Therefore, with one vibration sensor, it is possible to acquire information on a player's playing style and information on musical sounds emitted as a result of the playing style. Further, each information can be easily separated, and each can be individually recorded.

Further, in this embodiment, since the vibration sensor is embedded in the lead, not outside the lead, the player does not need to be aware of the existence of the vibration sensor.
Can play. In addition, since the vibration sensor is molded with resin and subjected to moisture proofing, even when used in the performer's mouth, it is not affected by saliva, etc., and has stable detection accuracy over a long period of time. Can be secured. Since the connection between the vibration sensor and the preamplifier is made by a detachable connector, the player can easily replace the lead by disconnecting the connection from the preamplifier.

<Modifications and Applications> The embodiments described above show one aspect of the present invention, and can be arbitrarily changed within the technical idea of the present invention. Therefore, various modifications and application examples will be described below.

(A) For example, in this embodiment, a saxophone is described as an example of a wind instrument provided with a lead according to the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, another wind instrument provided with a lead such as a clarinet or an oboe The present invention may be applied to

(B) Also, for example, in this embodiment, a natural wind instrument is exemplified as a wind instrument having a lead, but the present invention is not limited to this, and an electronic wind instrument having a lead may be used. FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing an electrical configuration of an electronic wind instrument provided with a lead according to the present modification. In this figure, the same parts as those in FIG. 6 described above are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.

In the configuration shown in FIG.
For example, tone data that can be reproduced by an electronic sound source is recorded in advance. The signal processing unit 54 extracts information on the playing style of the player (information on sounding timing, mute timing, tangling, etc.) from the lead vibration signal. At this time, in the case of an electronic wind instrument in which the pitch is specified by a sensor-type manipulator provided in the tube portion, and the electronic wind instrument does not have a sound hole in the tube portion, the signal processing unit 54 The pitch information is acquired from the sensor output provided on the operator not to operate.
Next, the signal processing unit 54 reads out the tone data corresponding to the information on the playing style of the player and the pitch information from the storage unit, and outputs the read tone data to the tone data processing unit 58.

The tone data processing section 58 includes a D / A converter, a DSP (Digital Signal Processor), an amplifier, etc., converts supplied tone data into an analog signal, and converts the analog signal into an analog signal. For example, a sound field characteristic such as a concert hall or a church is provided. Then, the analog signal is amplified by a preamplifier or the like, and the speaker 60 is amplified.
Output to As a result, a tone corresponding to the playing style of the player is output from the speaker 60.

(C) In the present embodiment, the vibration sensor 20 embedded in the lead 10 outputs an analog signal, but is not limited to this, and outputs a digital signal. There may be. More specifically, the vibration sensor 20 is provided with an A / D converter, and an analog signal output from the vibration sensor 20 is converted into a digital signal by the A / D converter and output. One of the terminals provided on the connectors 24a and 24b is used as a power supply terminal to supply power for driving the A / D converter. In such a configuration, the digital signal output from the vibration sensor 20 is output as a lead vibration signal to the preamplifier 28 via the connector 24b and the wiring 26, and after the signal is amplified, noise is reduced by the filter 52. The signal is removed and output to the signal processing unit 54.

(D) As an application of the present invention, there is an application example in which an electric (hybrid) wind instrument is configured by combining a natural wind instrument and the above-mentioned electronic wind instrument. FIG.
FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing a configuration of an electric wind instrument according to an application example of the present invention. As shown in the figure, a speaker 60 that emits an electronic sound is disposed near the opening 8 that emits a natural sound. In such a configuration, the natural sound emitted from the opening 8 and the electronic sound emitted from the speaker 60 are superimposed, and a deeper sound is generated.

(E) Further, as an application of the present invention, for example, the tone data format to be recorded in the storage unit is MID
As an I (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) data, there is an application example in which the MIDI data is reproduced by an electronic sound source. Further, in the present embodiment, it is possible to accurately obtain information on the playing style of the player (information on sounding timing, mute timing, tangling, etc.). Therefore, for example, music data in the MIDI format is recorded in the storage unit, the music data corresponding to the acquired information on the playing style is read from the storage unit, and this music data is reproduced by an electronic sound source or the like. Thus, even in the case of performing the blowing using the electronic sound source, it is possible to express a subtle performance expression included in the playing style of the player.

(F) Further, for example, in the present embodiment, by detecting the resonance vibration component from the detected lead vibration signal, information on the tone to be emitted (pitch, volume,
Pronunciation, mute timing, etc.). Then, from this information, an application such as transcription of the played music can be considered.

[0047]

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to detect more playing styles of a player.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an external appearance of a saxophone provided with a lead according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a mouth portion of the saxophone.

FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of a lead according to the embodiment and a vibration sensor embedded in the lead.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a lead in which a vibration sensor is embedded.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a configuration of a vibration sensor.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing an electrical configuration of the saxophone according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram for explaining a tone generation operation of a reed wind instrument.

FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the signal processing unit according to the embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing an electrical configuration of an electronic wind instrument provided with a lead according to a modification of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram showing a configuration of an electric wind instrument provided with a lead according to an application example of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

2 ... Blowout, 4 ... Tube, 6 ... Key, 6a ... Sound hole, 8 ...
Opening, 9 mouthpiece, 10 lead, 10a accommodation hole, 14 through hole, 20 vibration sensor, 22 lead wire, 24a, b connector, 34 piezoelectric element, 38 insulating material, 54 Signal processing unit, 56 storage unit, 58 tone data processing unit, 60 speaker

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. A tubular body, a lead, a sensor for outputting a lead vibration signal according to a vibration state of the lead, and exhalation caused by a player's exhalation and movement of a lip or tongue from the reed vibration signal. A frequency filter for separating a first signal corresponding to the vibration and a second signal corresponding to a resonance vibration generated in the tubular body due to the expiration of the performer; the first signal and the second signal And a musical sound information extracting means for extracting information relating to musical sounds from at least one of the signals. 2. The wind instrument according to claim 1, wherein the sensor is embedded in the lead. 3. The lead is a concave portion provided in a surface facing the mouthpiece, and fills a concave portion for accommodating the sensor, and a gap between the sensor accommodated in the concave portion and the lead. The wind instrument according to claim 2, further comprising: a member that covers a surface of the sensor from a direction in which the mouthpiece is arranged. 4. The wind instrument according to claim 1, wherein the sensor is surrounded by an insulating material. 5. The wind instrument according to claim 3, wherein the sensor includes a piezoelectric element, and a fixture for pressing and fixing the lead to the mouthpiece. 6. The wind instrument according to claim 5, wherein the piezoelectric element is made of an organic piezoelectric material and is pressurized by the fixture. 7. The sensor includes: a wiring for transmitting a lead vibration signal to an external device; and a connector detachably provided at the connection end of the wiring with the external device. A wind instrument according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: 8. A reed used for an opening of a wind instrument, comprising: a sensor for outputting a reed vibration signal corresponding to a vibration state occurring in the reed to an external device, wherein the sensor is embedded in the reed. A wind instrument reed characterized by that 9. The reed is a reed arranged at a position facing a mouthpiece at a mouth portion of a wind instrument, and a recess provided in a surface of the reed facing the mouthpiece, wherein the sensor is And a member that fills a gap between the recess and the sensor, and covers a surface of the sensor from a direction in which the mouthpiece is arranged. Reed for wind instruments.