JP2004166535A - Root vegetable crop harvester - Google Patents

Root vegetable crop harvester Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004166535A
JP2004166535A JP2002334065A JP2002334065A JP2004166535A JP 2004166535 A JP2004166535 A JP 2004166535A JP 2002334065 A JP2002334065 A JP 2002334065A JP 2002334065 A JP2002334065 A JP 2002334065A JP 2004166535 A JP2004166535 A JP 2004166535A
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
leaf stem
root crop
root
leaf
transported
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
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JP2002334065A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Tadashi Ishino
忠 石野
Kiyohiro Morikawa
清博 森川
Seiji Teramoto
省二 寺元
Yasuhiro Shinohara
康浩 篠原
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Yanmar Agribusiness Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Seirei Industry Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Seirei Industry Co Ltd filed Critical Seirei Industry Co Ltd
Priority to JP2002334065A priority Critical patent/JP2004166535A/en
Publication of JP2004166535A publication Critical patent/JP2004166535A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To cut the relatively long foliage portion 3a of a root vegetable crop 3 such as garlic into short pieces to efficiently facilitate the plowing-in of the foliage 3a with tilling tines. <P>SOLUTION: The subject root vegetable crop harvester equipped with a foliage-discharging apparatus 14 for approximately horizontally rearward transporting the root vegetable crop 3 pulled out from the ground and transported to a specific height position during the travel of the machine frame 2 and with a foliage portion cutter 18 for cutting the foliage portion 3a transported with the foliage-discharging apparatus 14 on the lower side of the foliage-discharging apparatus 14 is characterized by disposing a disk blade 30 for cutting the foliage portion 3a transported with the foliage-discharging apparatus 14 on a vertical rotation drive shaft 29a at the transportation terminal end of the foliage-discharging apparatus 14. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ニンニクや玉葱といった球形に近い根菜部を有する根菜作物を収穫する根菜作物収穫機に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
条植された根菜作物の葉茎部を挟持搬送することにより根菜部を機体の走行中に地中から引き抜き上方へ搬送する挟持搬送装置と、この挟持搬送装置に搬送された根菜部の高さを揃えながら後方へ搬送する高さ揃え搬送装置と、この高さ揃え搬送装置に搬送された葉茎部を上側及び下側の水平搬送部で挟持して略水平特定方向へ搬送するものとした葉茎部排出装置と、この葉茎部排出装置で搬送される葉茎部をこの葉茎部排出装置の下側で切断するものとした葉茎部切断装置とを備えた根菜作物収穫機は存在している(例えば、特許文献1参照)。
【0003】
この根菜作物収穫機は、機体の走行中に、条植された根菜作物を地中から引き抜いて特定高さ位置まで搬送し、続いて略水平後方へ搬送し、この搬送中に葉茎部を根菜作物から切り離し、この後、根菜部を機体上に収集し、葉茎部を地上に排出するように作動する。
【0004】
【特許文献1】
特開平2001−061321号公報
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記した従来の根菜作物収穫機においては、前記葉茎部切断装置が根菜作物の葉茎部の長さ途中の一個所を切り離すのであり、この際の切離し位置は多くの場合その葉茎部の下寄り個所である。従って、ニンニクのような根菜作物では前記葉茎部切断装置で切り離された切断葉茎部の長さが50cm以上に達することも珍しくないのであり、このように長い切断葉茎部は耕耘刃で鋤込もうとしても地中に埋没し難く、しかも耕耘刃に絡みつき易く、鋤込み作業を困難となすのである。
【0006】
本発明はこのような問題点に鑑みて創案されたもので、即ち、地中から引き抜いた根菜作物の葉茎部を鋤込み易い長さ(例えば凡そ15cm〜25cm程度)に切断する処理を簡易構造により行わせることのできる根菜作物収穫機を提供することを目的とする。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するため本発明の根菜収穫機は、請求項1に記載したように、条植された根菜作物の葉茎部を挟持搬送することにより根菜部を機体の走行中に地中から引き抜き上方へ搬送する挟持搬送装置と、挟持搬送装置に搬送された根菜部の高さを揃えながら後方へ搬送する高さ揃え搬送装置と、この高さ揃え搬送装置に搬送された葉茎部を略水平特定方向へ搬送するものとした葉茎部排出装置と、この葉茎部排出装置で搬送される葉茎部をこの葉茎部排出装置の下側で切断するものとした葉茎部切断装置とを備えた根菜作物収穫機において、前記葉茎部排出装置の上側に、前記葉茎部排出装置に搬送される葉茎部と交叉するように配置され特定縦向き回転中心軸回りへ回転駆動される一枚の円板刃と、この円板刃の外周縁に平面視で部分的に重ね合わされた固定状の葉茎部逃げ規制体とを設けた構成としている。
【0008】
この発明では、前記葉茎部切断装置が前記挟持搬送装置により引き抜かれた根菜作物の特定高さ位置を正確に切断し、また前記葉茎部切断装置が切り離した葉茎部は前記葉茎部排出装置で搬送されるのであり、この搬送過程で、その長さ途中の特定高さ位置を一枚の円板刃が正確に切り離すものとなる。この際、前記葉茎部逃げ規制体が前記円板刃による切断を確実となす。従って、根菜作物の葉茎部は前記葉茎部切断装置と、前記一枚の円板刃とからなる比較的簡易な切断機構で特定長さに切り離されて従来よりも短寸化される。
【0009】
また請求項2記載の発明は、機体の走行中に地中から引き抜かれて特定高さ位置まで搬送された根菜作物を略水平後方へ搬送する葉茎部排出装置を備え、この葉茎部排出装置で搬送される葉茎部をこの葉茎部排出装置の下側で切断するものとした葉茎部切断装置とを備えた根菜作物収穫機において、前記葉茎部排出装置の搬送終端部に位置され且つこの葉茎部排出装置を駆動するものとなされた縦向き回転駆動軸の、前記葉茎部排出装置の上側となる個所に、前記葉茎部排出装置により搬送される葉茎部を切断するものとした円板刃を固定した構成としている。
【0010】
この発明では、前記葉茎部切断装置が根菜部から切り離した葉茎部は前記葉茎部排出装置でさらに後方へ搬送されるのであり、この搬送過程で、その長さ途中の特定高さ位置を一枚の円板刃が切り離すものとなる。この際、円板刃は前記葉茎部排出装置を駆動するものとなされた縦向き回転駆動軸に駆動されるため、簡易構造により駆動されるものとなる。そして、根菜作物の葉茎部は前記葉茎部切断装置と、前記円板刃とで特定長さに切り離されて従来よりも短寸化される。
【0011】
また請求項3記載の発明は、機体の走行中に根菜作物を地中から引き抜いて正立姿勢のまま上方の特定高さ位置まで搬送し続いて略水平特定方向へ搬送する根菜作物搬送手段を備え、この根菜作物搬送手段の搬送中に前記根菜作物の葉茎部の特定切断高さ位置を葉茎部切断装置で切断するものとした根菜作物収穫機において、前記葉茎部切断装置の上側に前記根菜作物搬送手段により搬送される葉茎部の前記特定切断高さ位置よりも上方位置を切断するものとした付加葉茎部切断装置を設け、該付加葉茎部切断装置が特定位置で回転駆動される一枚の円板刃と、この円板刃の外周縁に部分的に重なるように位置した固定状の葉茎部逃げ規制体とからなっているものである。
【0012】
この発明では、前記葉茎部切断装置が根菜部から切り離した葉茎部は前記根菜作物搬送手段でさらに後方へ搬送されるのであり、この搬送過程で、その長さ途中の特定高さ位置を一枚の円板刃が切り離すものとなる。この際、前記葉茎部逃げ規制体が前記円板刃による切断を確実となす。従って、根菜作物の葉茎部は前記葉茎部切断装置と、前記一枚の円板刃からなる比較的簡易構造となる切断機構とにより特定長さに切り離されて従来よりも短寸化される。
【0013】
また請求項4記載の発明は、機体の走行中に根菜作物を地中から引き抜いて正立姿勢のまま上方の特定高さ位置まで搬送し続いて略水平特定方向へ搬送する根菜作物搬送手段を備え、この根菜作物搬送手段の搬送中に前記根菜作物の葉茎部の特定切断高さ位置を葉茎部切断装置で切断するものとした根菜作物収穫機において、前記葉茎部切断装置の上側に前記根菜作物搬送手段により搬送される前記葉茎部の前記特定切断高さ位置よりも上方位置を切断するものとした付加葉茎部切断装置を設け、該付加葉茎部切断装置が特定位置で回転駆動される一枚の円板刃と、この円板刃と同心状に固定された葉茎部掻込み用のスターホイールとを備えている構成としている。
【0014】
この発明では、前記葉茎部切断装置が根菜部から切り離した葉茎部は前記根菜作物搬送手段でさらに後方へ搬送されるのであり、この搬送過程で、その長さ途中の特定高さ位置を一枚の円板刃が切り離すものとなる。この際、前記スターホイールが前記円板刃と同体状に回転駆動され、前記根菜作物搬送手段に搬送されている葉茎部を前記円板刃に掻き込んで該円板刃による切断を確実となす。従って、根菜作物の葉茎部は前記葉茎部切断装置と前記一枚の円板刃からなる比較的簡易構造となる切断機構とにより切り離されて従来よりも短寸化される。
【0015】
上記した請求項3又は4記載の発明は次のように具体化するのがよいのであって、即ち、請求項5に記載したように、前記根菜作物搬送手段により搬送される葉茎部を前記スターホイールの外周縁に押し当てるように案内する弾性案内部材を設ける。このようにすれば、請求項3又は4記載の発明による作用が得られるほかに次のような作用が得られるのであって、即ち、前記スターホイールがこれと前記弾性案内部材との間に位置した葉茎部に後方への強制的な送り力を確実に付与して前記円板刃による葉茎部の切断を一層確実となす。
【0016】
また請求項6記載の発明は、機体の走行中に根菜作物を地中から引き抜いて正立姿勢のまま上方の特定高さ位置まで搬送し続いて略水平特定方向へ搬送する根菜作物搬送手段を備え、この根菜作物搬送手段の搬送中に前記根菜作物の葉茎部の特定切断高さ位置を葉茎部切断装置で切断するものとした根菜作物収穫機において、前記葉茎部切断装置の上側に前記根菜作物搬送手段により搬送される前記葉茎部の前記特定切断高さ位置よりも上方位置を切断するものとした付加葉茎部切断装置を設け、該付加葉茎部切断装置が特定位置で回転駆動される一枚の円板刃と、前記根菜作物搬送手段により搬送される葉茎部を前記円板刃の外周縁に押し当てるように案内する弾性案内部材とを備えている構成としている。
【0017】
この発明では、前記葉茎部切断装置が根菜部から切り離した葉茎部は前記根菜作物搬送手段でさらに後方へ搬送されるのであり、この搬送過程で、その長さ途中の特定高さ位置を一枚の円板刃が切り離すものとなる。この際、前記弾性案内部材が前記根菜作物搬送手段で搬送される葉茎部を前記円板刃に押し当てるようになるため、前記円板刃による葉茎部の切断が確実に行われるようになる。従って、根菜作物の葉茎部は前記葉茎部切断装置と前記一枚の円板刃からなる比較的簡易構造となる切断機構とにより特定長さに切り離されて従来よりも短寸化される。
【0018】
上記した請求項3〜6の何れかに記載の発明は次のように具体化するのがよいのであって、即ち、請求項7に記載したように、前記付加葉茎部切断装置を段差を設けて上下方向へ複数配設する。このようにすれば、複数の前記付加葉茎部切断装置がニンニクのように長い葉茎部であっても、鋤込みに支障のない特定長さに寸断するものとなる。
【0019】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面を参照して説明する。図1は本発明に係る根菜作物収穫機の側面図、図2は前記根菜作物収穫機の平面図、図3は前記根菜作物収穫機の正面図であるが、この根菜作物収穫機(以下、収穫機という)は、クローラ形の走行装置1を有して自走機能を有する自走車体(機体)2で構成されている。ニンニク等の根菜作物3は、畝4に条植されることは前述したが、この収穫機は、まず、根菜作物3の葉茎部3aを掴んで根菜部3bごと引き抜き、次いで、これを後上方に搬送して葉茎部3aを切断し、根菜部3bのみを収穫するものであり、これを機体2が畝4に沿う方向に走行しながら行なう。
【0020】
さらに詳細には、垂直面内の後上がり傾斜状に配列されたタイン5を後方回動させる分葉装置6によって、いまから収穫される葉茎部3aとそうでない葉茎部3aを分け、後上がり傾斜の水平面内で相互の軌跡内に入り込んで共に後方回動するタイン7からなる掻込装置8でいまから収穫する葉茎部3aのみを後方に掻き込む。掻込装置8で掻き込まれた葉茎部3aは、その後方に設けられている後上がり傾斜の水平面内で対向面によって葉茎部3aを挟持しながら共に後方回動する一対のベルト9からなる挟持搬送装置10で挟持されて根菜部3bを地中から引き抜かれる。このとき、挟持搬送装置10の始端下部には、正面視L字形の振動刃11が土中に差し込まれて根菜部3bの周りの土を緩める振動装置12が設けられており、これによって引抜きが容易になる。
【0021】
引き抜かれた根菜部3bは、葉茎部3aと共に挟持搬送装置10で後上方へと搬送されて行くが、このときの根菜作物3は、挟持搬送装置10によってほぼ垂直の正立姿勢に吊持された状態となる。尚、葉茎部3aの挟持位置は、挟持搬送装置10の始端高さにより決定されることになり、この高さは適宜変更できる必要がある。そこで、この挟持搬送装置10と、後述する高さ揃え搬送装置13、葉茎部排出装置14及び葉茎部保持搬送装置15等とを一体状のセット16に構成しておき、このセット16を機体2に設けられた支点軸17回りの上下に回動してそれを調整するようにしている。
上記構成において、挟持搬送装置10、高さ揃え搬送装置13、葉茎部排出装置14及び葉茎部保持搬送装置15が根菜作物搬送手段Aをなすものである。
【0022】
図4はセット15の一部を示す側面図、図5は図4のx1−x1部を示す図、図6は前記セット15の一部を示す平面図、図7は前記セット15の一部を示す後面図、図8は葉茎部排出装置の後部を示す平面図であるが、本例のセット16は、前記挟持搬送装置10、高さ揃え搬送装置13、葉茎部排出装置14、葉茎部保持搬送装置15、葉茎部切断装置18及び付加葉茎部切断装置19からなっている。このうち、高さ揃え搬送装置13は、挟持搬送装置10のフレーム10Aに対して取付材21によって挟持搬送装置10の後部下方に吊支されるものであり、水平面内で対向面によって葉茎部3aを挟持しながら共に後方回動する一対の水平方向に張設される無端状のベルト13aで構成されている。
【0023】
葉茎部排出装置14は下側の水平搬送部22と上側の水平搬送部23からなっているものであり、下側の水平搬送部22は、その後部をフレーム10Aからから延出する支えアーム24で、そして前部を同じくフレーム10Aに取り付けられるステ−25で支持され、高さ揃え搬送装置13の上方、且つ、挟持搬送装置10の下方に位置され、その始端部が高さ揃え搬送装置13の終端部と一部重合して設けられており、水平面内で対向面によって葉茎部3aを挟持しながら共に後方回動する一対の水平方向に張設される無端状のベルト22aを備えた構成となされている。
【0024】
そして、上側の水平搬送部23は、支えアーム24によって下側の水平搬送部22の上方に設けられるものであり、水平面上で後方回動する無端状の突起付きチェン23aと、この突起付チェン23aに左方向へ弾性押圧される前後方向へ長い押板26とで構成されており、突起付きチェン23aと押板26とで葉茎部3aを挟扼して後方へ搬送するものである。
【0025】
葉茎部保持搬送装置15は、その後部を支えアーム24で、そして前部をステ−25と同体状の図示しない支持部材で支持され、高さ揃え搬送装置13の上方、且つ、下側の水平搬送部22の下側近傍、且つ、葉茎部切断装置18の上側近傍に位置され、その始端部が高さ揃え搬送装置13の終端部と一部重合して設けられており、水平面内で対向面によって葉茎部3aを挟持しながら共に後方回動する一対の水平方向に張設される無端状のベルト15aで構成されている。
【0026】
葉茎部切断装置18は、その下面部を支えアーム24で支持され、高さ揃え搬送装置13の後方、且つ、下側の水平搬送部22の下側近傍に位置されるもので、縦向き回転中心軸27a、27b回りへ該軸27a、27bと同体状に回動する左右一対の円板刃28、28を一部重合させると共に装置フレーム18aに対する高さ変更調整可能に設け、各円板刃28をその重合部が後方へ向かう方向へ回転させるものとなしており、一対の円板刃28、28がその重合部で葉茎部3aを挟み込んで切断するものである。
【0027】
付加葉茎部切断装置19は、支えアーム24に支持されると共に、上側の水平搬送部23の上側後端部に位置されるもので、縦向き回転中心軸29a回りへ該軸29aと同体状に回動する一枚の円板刃30を支えアーム24に対する高さ変更調整可能に設け、この円板刃30を平面視で葉茎部排出装置14の葉茎部搬送経路(突起付チェン23aの右張り部mに略合致しているもの)と交叉させて、円板刃30の重合部を後方へ向けて移動させるように回転させるものとなし、一方ではこの円板刃30の右側にこの円板刃30の外周縁と平面視で部分的に重ね合わせるように配設された固定状の葉茎部逃げ規制体31を設け、また円板刃30の上側には円板刃30と同心に固定された葉茎部掻込み用のスターホイール32を設け、このスターホイール32の右側下方で葉茎部逃げ規制体31の上側にバネ棒部材を屈曲させた弾性案内部材33を設け、葉茎部排出装置14によりこれの葉茎部搬送経路を後方へ搬送される葉茎部3aを円板刃30で切断するものである。
【0028】
この際、葉茎部逃げ規制体31は支えアーム24と同体状部位に左右方向の位置調整変更可能に固定されたものであり、平面視において、円板刃30の最右端部のやや前寄り部位と重なるように且つ前後向きの左側縁部nと円板刃30の外周縁部分とをこれらの間の左右方向距離L1が漸次に狭まるように対向させると共に、左側縁部nの最前部の傾斜部n1を斜め後左側へ向かわせ、続いて前後向き部n2を形成し、続いて前後向き部n2の最後部を円板刃30の回転中心に向けて突出させた葉茎係止部n3を形成しており、また側面視において、円板刃30の上側に位置された上側規制部31aと、円板刃30の下側に位置された下側規制部31bとを備えると共に、下側規制部31bを上側規制部31aよりも円板刃30に近接させており、この際、上下側の規制部31a、31bを平面視同一形状となしてあり、また後面視において、下側規制部31bと上側規制部31aとを平行状に配置してこれらの右端部で結合させ支持板部材34を介して支えアーム24と同体状に固定させている。
【0029】
そしてスターホイール32は、筒形スペーサ35及びこれに挿通された長ボルト36を介して円板刃30の上面側に固定されて円板刃30よりも凡そ5cmから10cm程度高く支持したもので、円板刃30の直径よりも大きな直径となすと共に、外周囲には円板刃30の外周よりも内側位置から半径外方向へ延出された多数の掻込み爪部32aを特定ピッチで形成しており、円板刃30と葉茎部逃げ規制体31との間に到達した葉茎部3aを円板刃30の外周縁の刃部に向けて掻き込むものである。
【0030】
さらに弾性案内部材33は固定部37と案内部38からなっていて一本のバネ棒部材を屈曲させたもので、固定部37を前後向きU字形に形成すると共に案内部38を葉茎部逃げ規制体31の前端よりも前側から斜め後左側へ向かう前傾斜部38aと、これに続く前後向き部38bと、これに続いて斜め後右側へ向かう後傾斜部38cとで形成しており、平面視で前傾斜部38aを葉茎部逃げ規制体31の傾斜部n1よりも前側に位置させ、前後向き部38bを葉茎部逃げ規制体31の前後向き部n2に概ね合致させ且つ円板刃30の凡そ前半分範囲に位置させ、さらに後傾斜部38cの後端を掻込み爪部32aの移動軌跡の外側に位置させており、円板刃30の右前部に到達した葉茎部3aを前傾斜部38aで支持してスターホイール32の掻込み爪部32a間へ案内し、案内部38の最前部が弾性変形されて任意量の葉茎部3aを円滑にスターホイール32の掻込み爪部32a間へ移動させ、前傾斜部38a及び前後向き部38b及び後傾斜部38cがこれらの葉茎部3aをスターホイール32の掻込み爪部32a間に弾圧すると共に円板刃30に対しても葉茎部逃げ規制体31を補助するように弾圧するものである。
【0031】
各縦向き回転中心軸29a、29bは支えアーム24に回転自在に支持されており、左側の縦向き回転中心軸29には、下側から順に、葉茎部保持搬送装置15のベルト15aを掛けまわされて該ベルト15aを回転駆動するプーリ39、下側の水平搬送部22のベルト22aを掛けまわされて該ベルト22aを回転駆動するプーリ40、上側の水平搬送部23の突起付チェン23aを掛け回されて該突起付チェン23aを回転駆動するスプロケット41、及び、左側の円板刃30を固定されており、また右側の縦向き回転中心軸29bには、下側から順に、葉茎部保持搬送装置15のベルト15aを掛けまわされて該ベルト15aを回転駆動するプーリ39、及び、下側の水平搬送部22のベルト22aを掛けまわされて該ベルト22aを回転駆動するプーリ40を同心状に固定されている。
【0032】
これらの各装置はそれぞれ強制的に駆動されるが、その駆動機構は、次のようになっている。
先ず、前記した支点軸17に伝動プーり42を取り付け、エンジン43からこれに伝動された動力をチェン又はベルト機構44によって葉茎部切断装置18の入カプーリ45に伝えている。入カプーリ45に伝えられた動力は装置本体部18a内のベベルギア機構及び縦向き回転中心軸27a、27bを介して各々の円板刃28、28を駆動するようになっている。
【0033】
葉茎部切断装置18の入カプーリ45に伝えられた動力は、該プーリ45と同心のプーリ45aからさらにチェン又はベルト機構46によって葉茎部排出装置14の左右各側の入カプーり47、47に伝えられ、各々の入カプーリ47に伝えられた動力は、ベベルギア機構48、48、縦向き回転中心軸29a、29b及びプーリ40、40を介して下側の水平搬送部22の左右各側のベルト22a、22aを駆動するようになっている。
【0034】
そして左側の入カプーリ47に伝えられた動力は、左側の縦向き回転中心軸29a及びスプロケット41を介して上側の水平搬送部23の突起付きチェン23aのほか一枚の円板刃30及びスターホイール32をも駆動するようになっている。さらに入カプーり45a、45aと挟持搬送装置10の入カプーリ20とはチェン又はベルト機構46によって連結されており、これによって挟持搬送装置10のベルト9、9を駆動するようになっている。
【0035】
一方、高さ揃え搬送装置13への動力伝達は、これの終端プーリ49、49と葉茎部排出装置14の始端プーリ50、50とを縦向き連結軸51、51を介して結合することにより行われるようになしている。この際の縦向き連結軸51は、取付材21と同体状に固定された図示しない軸受部材を介して回転自在に支持され、スプライン嵌合等を用いてその長さを調整できるものとなし、フレーム10Aに対する取付材21の取付位置を変える等して高さ揃え搬送装置13の全体を上下して葉茎部切断装置18との間隔を変更し、切断する葉茎部3aの長さを調整できるようにしておくのが好ましい。
【0036】
上記した構造において、挟持搬送装置10で葉茎部3aを挟持された根菜作物3が高さ揃え搬送装置13に到達すると、高さ揃え搬送装置13にも挟持されて後方へ搬送される。このとき、高さ揃え搬送装置13の後方に行くほど、挟持搬送装置10との上下間隔が開くものとなるから、このままでは、葉茎部3aが千切れてしまう(但し、水平搬送速度成分は同じに設定してある)。このため、高さ揃え搬送装置13のベルト13a、13aの挟持力を挟持搬送装置10のベルト9、9のそれよりも弱くしておき、葉茎部3aが一対のベルト13a、13a間を上方に滑り移動できるようにしている。しかし、根菜部3bはベルト13a、13a間を通過できないようにしてあり、従って、ベルト13a、13aの搬送終端では、根菜部3bの肩(土部)がベルト13a、13aの下端に擦り付けられまで上昇する。これにより、根菜作物3が高さ揃え搬送装置13から後方へ外れるときには、根菜部3bの肩の高さが揃うようになる。
【0037】
葉茎部3aが高さ揃え搬送装置13の終端付近にかかると、今度は、葉茎部排出装置14の下側の水平搬送部22でも挟持されて後方搬送される。このとき、高さ揃え搬送装置13の終端部と下側の水平搬送部22の始端部とは一部重合されているから、葉茎部3aが高さ揃え搬送装置13から外れない間に下側の水平搬送部22が挟持することになり、受け継ぎが確実なものとなる。このときの葉茎部3aは、挟持搬送装置10、高さ揃え搬送装置13及び下側の水平搬送部22の三者で挟持される状態となるが、下側の水平搬送部22のベルト22a、22aの挟持力をこれら三者のうちで最大にしてあるため、挟持搬送装置10で挟持された葉茎部3aは、そのベルト9、9間で滑り移動して下降し、根菜部3bの高さは、下側の水平搬送部22で挟持された高さを保たれる。この間、葉茎部3aは挟持搬送装置10のベルト9、9から解放され、続いて根菜部近傍個所を葉茎部保持搬送装置15に挟持されるようになり、さらに上側の水平搬送部23の突起付きチェン23aにも挟持されるようになる。
【0038】
葉茎部3aが下側の水平搬送部22と上側の水平搬送部23とで搬送され始めると(根菜部3bも一緒に付いて来る)、高さ揃え搬送装置13から外れ、以後、葉茎部保持搬送装置15より下方はフリーな状態となって葉茎部切断装置18に到達し、左右一対の円板刃28、28はその重合部で葉茎部3aを切断し根菜部3b側をその上側の葉茎部3aから切り離す。このときの円板刃28、28は、葉茎部3aを共に押し出す方向に回転しており、これによって切断性能が高まる。ところで、葉茎部3aの切断高さ(長さ)は、根菜部3bが高さ揃え搬送装置13から外れると、以後、その高さは変わらないのであるから、高さ揃え搬送装置13のベルト13a、13aの下端と切断装置18の円板刃28、28までの高さ(長さ)ということになる。この場合、高さ揃え搬送装置13と葉茎部保持搬送装置15は、斜設される挟持搬送装置10の下方に共に水平状に設置されるのであるから、高さ揃え搬送装置13と葉茎部保持搬送装置15との間に十分な間隔がとれ、葉茎部3aの切断長さも十分にとれることになる。ニンニク等では、根菜部3b側に茎葉部3を長く残して収穫することがあり、それに対処できるようにしたものである。
【0039】
葉茎部切断装置18で切断された葉茎部3aは、上側の水平搬送部23と下側の水平搬送部22によって機体2の後方へ挟持搬送される。この搬送により葉茎部3aが円板刃30の近傍に到達すると、弾性案内部材33の前傾斜部38aが葉茎部3a上部に係合しその葉茎部3aに押されてその量に応じた量だけ右側へ屈曲変形されると共に後方へ搬送される葉茎部3a上部をこれの後方移動に伴って漸次にスターホイール31へ近接させ、葉茎部3aがさらに後方へ搬送されたとき、弾性案内部材33の前後向き部38bが弾性案内部材33の弾力でその葉茎部3a上部をスターホイール32の掻込み爪部32a間に押し付けた状態となるのであり、この状態の下で、スターホイール32が円板刃30と同体状に回転してこの円板刃30の上側に位置した葉茎部3a部分を確実に後方へ送り移動させる。
【0040】
この一方では葉茎部逃げ規制体31がこれの傾斜部n1に到達した葉茎部3aをこれの後方移動に伴って漸次に円板刃30へ近接させるのであり、この後、葉茎部3aが葉茎部排出装置14の搬送作用やスターホイール32の掻込み作用などでさらに後方へ搬送されたとき、葉茎部逃げ規制体31の上側規制部31aと下側規制部31bとの前後向き部n2が円板刃30の外周縁の刃部内側まで押し変位させ、円板刃30が葉茎部3aを切断するものとなる。この切断処理において、葉茎部3aの一部は円板刃30で切断されることなく円板刃30の外周縁で送り移動されるものが生じることがあるが、このような葉茎部3aは最後部の葉茎係止部n3に受け止められて送り移動を規制されるため円板刃30により確実に切断されるものとなる。
【0041】
こうして葉茎部3aが円板刃30で切断された後にも、弾性案内部材33は切断された葉茎部3aの切断位置よりも上側部位をスターホイール32との間に挟み付けた状態となるため、その上側部位はスターホイール32の回転と共に後方へ送り移動され円板刃30の切断位置から後方へ送り出され地上に落下される。また円板刃30で切断された葉茎部3aの切断位置よりも下側部位は葉茎部排出装置14により継続的に搬送されてその後端部から排出され地上に落下される。
【0042】
円板刃30で切断された後の葉茎部3aのそれぞれはその長手方向の二個所を切断されて短寸化されており、これら葉茎部3a部分は収穫作業の終了した後、耕耘爪により鋤込まれるのであり、この際、短寸化された葉茎部3a部分は効率よく地中に埋没されるものとなる。
【0043】
一方、葉茎部3aを切断された根菜部3bは下方に落下するが、このとき、その下方に機体2の右側方向に移動するスラットコンベア52からなる集荷装置53が設けられており、落下した根菜部3bは、この集荷装置53で受け止められて機体2の後部右側に送られる。機体2の後部右側個所は、選別ゾーン54に設定されており、この収穫機に付いて移動する作業者がこの選別ゾーン54で良品と不良品とを分け、良品は選別ゾーン54より前方へ、不良品は後方へ送ってそれぞれ所定の集荷作業をする。
【0044】
【発明の効果】
以上に記載した本発明によれば、次のような効果が得られる。
即ち、請求項1記載のものによれば、挟持搬送装置10により地中から引き抜かれたニンニク等の根菜作物3の葉茎部3aを葉茎部切断装置18及び付加葉茎部切断装置19により複数に切断させることができ、これにより切断処理後に地上に落下される葉茎部3aの長さを短くしてその葉茎部3aの耕耘爪による鋤込みを容易且つ効率的となすことができる。また円板刃30を葉茎部排出装置14の上側に位置させたため、切断された後の葉茎部3aが葉茎部排出装置14に絡み付くことの生じ難い構造となすことができる。また一枚の円板刃30で葉茎部3aを切断するようになしたため、葉茎部切断のための機構を簡易となすことができる。
【0045】
請求項2記載のものによれば、請求項1記載の発明と同様な効果を得ることができる。
【0046】
請求項3記載のものによれば、請求項1記載の発明の場合と同様に、切断処理後に地上に落下される葉茎部3aの長さを短くしてその葉茎部3aの耕耘爪による鋤込みを容易且つ効率的となすことができるものであり、さらには付加葉茎部切断装置19を一枚の円板刃30で簡易に形成することのできるものである。
【0047】
請求項4記載のものによれば、請求項1記載の発明の場合と同様に、切断処理後に地上に落下される葉茎部3aの長さを短くしてその葉茎部3aの耕耘爪による鋤込みを容易且つ効率的となすことができ、且つ、一枚の円板刃30で葉茎部3aを切断するようになしたため、葉茎切断のための機構を簡易となすことができる。さらにはスターホイール32に葉茎部3aを掻き込ませて葉茎部3aを円板刃30に確実に切断させることができるものである。
【0048】
請求項5記載のものによれば、請求項3又は4記載の発明による効果が得られるほかに次のような効果が得られるのであって、即ち、スターホイール32による葉茎部3aの円板刃30側への掻込みを確実となして円板刃30による葉茎部3aの切断を一層的確に行わせることができる。
【0049】
請求項6記載のものによれば、請求項1記載の発明の場合と同様に、切断処理後に地上に落下される葉茎部3aの長さを短くしてその葉茎部3aの耕耘爪による鋤込みを容易且つ効率的となすことができ、且つ、一枚の円板刃30で葉茎部3aを切断するようになしたため、葉茎切断のための機構を簡易となすことができる。さらには弾性案内部材33に円板刃30よりも上側の葉茎部3aをその円板刃30側へ案内させて、その円板刃30による葉茎部3aの切断を補助させることができる。
【0050】
請求項7記載のものによれば、ニンニクのように長い葉茎部3aであっても、鋤込みに支障のない特定長さ、例えば15cm〜25cm程度に寸断させることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明に係る根菜作物収穫機の側面図である。
【図2】前記根菜作物収穫機の平面図である。
【図3】前記根菜作物収穫機の正面図である。
【図4】前記根菜作物収穫機の一部を示す側面図である。
【図5】図4のx1−x1部を示す図である。
【図6】前記根菜作物収穫機の一部を示す平面図である。
【図7】前記根菜作物収穫機の一部を示す後面図である。
【図8】前記根菜作物収穫機の葉茎部排出装置の後部を示す平面図である。
【符号の説明】
2 機体
3 根菜作物
3a 葉茎部
3b 根菜部
10 挟持搬送装置
13 高さ揃え搬送装置
14 葉茎部排出装置
18 葉茎部切断装置
19 付加葉茎部切断装置
29a 特定縦向き回転中心軸
30 円板刃
31 葉茎部逃げ規制体
32 スターホイール
33 弾性案内部材
A 根菜作物搬送手段
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a root vegetable crop harvesting machine that harvests root vegetable crops having nearly spherical root vegetable parts such as garlic and onion.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A nipping and conveying device that pulls the root crop out of the ground while the airframe is running by nipping and transporting the stems of the planted root crops, and a height of the root vegetable transferred to the nipping and conveying device. A height-aligned transport device that transports rearward while aligning, and the leaves and stems transported to the height-aligned transport device are sandwiched by upper and lower horizontal transport portions and transported in a substantially horizontal specific direction. A root crop harvesting machine including a leaf stem discharging device and a leaf stem cutting device configured to cut a leaf stem conveyed by the leaf stem discharging device below the leaf stem discharging device is provided. Exists (for example, see Patent Document 1).
[0003]
During the operation of the machine, the root crop harvester pulls out the planted root crop from the ground and transports it to a specific height position, and then transports it substantially horizontally rearward. It is cut off from the root crops, after which the root crops are collected on the fuselage, and the leaf stems are discharged to the ground.
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2001-061321 A
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the above-mentioned conventional root crop harvesting machine, the leaf stem cutting device cuts off one part of the length of the leaf stem of the root crop, and in this case, the cutting position is often the position of the leaf stem. It is a lower part. Therefore, in root crops such as garlic, it is not unusual for the length of the cut leaf stems cut off by the leaf stem cutting device to reach 50 cm or more. It is difficult to burrow into the ground when trying to plow, and it is easy to get entangled with the tilling blade, which makes plowing work difficult.
[0006]
The present invention has been made in view of such a problem, that is, a process of cutting a leaf stem portion of a root vegetable crop extracted from the ground into a length easy to plow (for example, about 15 cm to 25 cm) is simplified. It is an object of the present invention to provide a root crop harvester that can be performed by a structure.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the root vegetable harvester of the present invention, as described in claim 1, holds the leaf stem portion of the planted root vegetable crop and conveys the root vegetable portion from underground while the machine body is running. The nipping / conveying device that conveys to the upper side of the drawing, the height-aligning / conveying device that conveys to the rear while aligning the height of the root vegetable portion conveyed to the nipping / conveying device, and the leaf stem portion conveyed to the height-aligning conveying device. A leaf stem discharging device that is transported in a substantially horizontal specific direction, and a leaf stem cutting device that cuts a leaf stem conveyed by the leaf stem discharging device below the leaf stem discharging device In the root crop harvesting machine provided with the device, on the upper side of the leaf stem discharging device, disposed so as to intersect with the leaf stem conveyed to the leaf stem discharging device, and rotated around a specific vertical rotation center axis. A single disk blade to be driven and an outer peripheral portion of the disk blade And a configuration in which a manner superimposed fixed shaped leaf and stem portion escape regulating body.
[0008]
In the present invention, the leaf stem cutting device accurately cuts a specific height position of the root vegetable crop pulled out by the nipping and conveying device, and the leaf stem portion separated by the leaf stem cutting device is the leaf stem portion. The sheet is conveyed by the discharge device, and in this conveying process, one disk blade accurately separates a specific height position in the middle of the length. At this time, the leaf stem escape restricting body ensures the cutting by the disc blade. Therefore, the leaf stem portion of the root crop is cut to a specific length by a relatively simple cutting mechanism including the leaf stem cutting device and the single disk blade, and is made shorter than before.
[0009]
The invention according to claim 2 further comprises a leaf stem discharging device for transporting the root crops pulled out of the ground and transported to a specific height position substantially horizontally rearward while the body is running, A leaf stem cutting device that cuts the leaf stem conveyed by the device below the leaf stem discharging device. The leaf stem conveyed by the leaf stem discharging device is located at a position on the upper side of the leaf stem discharging device of a vertical rotation drive shaft which is positioned and drives the leaf stem discharging device. The disk blade to be cut is fixed.
[0010]
In the present invention, the leaf stem portion cut off from the root vegetable portion by the leaf stem cutting device is further conveyed backward by the leaf stem discharging device, and in this conveying process, a specific height position in the middle of the length. Is separated by one disk blade. At this time, since the disk blade is driven by the vertical rotation drive shaft which drives the leaf stem discharging device, it is driven by a simple structure. Then, the leaf stem portion of the root crop is cut to a specific length by the leaf stem cutting device and the disk blade, and is made shorter than before.
[0011]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a root crop transporting means for pulling out the root crop from the ground while the body is running, transporting the root crop in an upright posture to an upper specific height position, and subsequently transporting the crop in a substantially horizontal specific direction. In the root crop harvesting machine, the specific cutting height position of the leaf stem portion of the root vegetable crop is cut by the leaf stem cutting device during the transportation of the root vegetable crop transporting means. An additional leaf stem cutting device that cuts a position above the specific cutting height position of the leaf stem conveyed by the root crop transporting means, wherein the additional leaf stem cutting device is at a specific position. It comprises a single disk blade that is rotationally driven, and a fixed leaf stem escape restrictor positioned so as to partially overlap the outer peripheral edge of the disk blade.
[0012]
In the present invention, the leaf stem portion cut off from the root vegetable portion by the leaf stem cutting device is further transported backward by the root vegetable crop transport means, and in this transport process, a specific height position in the middle of the length is determined. One disk blade separates. At this time, the leaf stem escape restricting body ensures the cutting by the disc blade. Therefore, the leaf stem portion of the root crop is cut to a specific length by the leaf stem cutting device and the cutting mechanism having a relatively simple structure composed of the single disk blade, and the leaf stem portion is made shorter than before. You.
[0013]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a root crop transporting means for pulling out the root crop from the ground while the body is running, transporting the root crop in an upright posture to a specific height position above, and subsequently transporting the crop in a substantially horizontal specific direction. In the root crop harvesting machine, the specific cutting height position of the leaf stem portion of the root vegetable crop is cut by the leaf stem cutting device during the transportation of the root vegetable crop transporting means. An additional leaf stem cutting device that cuts a position above the specific cutting height position of the leaf stem conveyed by the root crop transporting means, wherein the additional leaf stem cutting device is located at a specific position. And a disk wheel rotatably driven by the above, and a star wheel for scraping the leaf stem fixed concentrically with the disk blade.
[0014]
In the present invention, the leaf stem portion cut off from the root vegetable portion by the leaf stem cutting device is further transported backward by the root vegetable crop transport means, and in this transport process, a specific height position in the middle of the length is determined. One disk blade separates. At this time, the star wheel is rotationally driven in the same shape as the disc blade, and the leaf stems being conveyed to the root crop conveying means are scraped into the disc blade to reliably cut by the disc blade. Eggplant Therefore, the leaf stem portion of the root crop is cut off by the leaf stem cutting device and the cutting mechanism having a relatively simple structure composed of the single disk blade, and is made shorter than before.
[0015]
The invention according to claim 3 or 4 described above may be embodied as follows. That is, as described in claim 5, the leaf stem portion transported by the root crop transporting means is configured as follows. An elastic guide member is provided to guide the star wheel so as to be pressed against the outer peripheral edge thereof. According to this structure, the following operation can be obtained in addition to the operation according to the third or fourth aspect of the invention, that is, the star wheel is positioned between the star wheel and the elastic guide member. Forcibly feeding the forked leaf portion to the rear is reliably applied, so that the cutting of the leaf portion by the disc blade is further ensured.
[0016]
According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a root vegetable crop transport unit that pulls the root vegetable crop from the ground while the body is running, transports the root vegetable crop to an upper specific height position in an upright posture, and then transports the root vegetable crop in a substantially horizontal specific direction. In the root crop harvesting machine, the specific cutting height position of the leaf stem portion of the root vegetable crop is cut by the leaf stem cutting device during the transportation of the root vegetable crop transporting means. An additional leaf stem cutting device that cuts a position above the specific cutting height position of the leaf stem conveyed by the root crop transporting means, wherein the additional leaf stem cutting device is located at a specific position. A disk blade that is rotationally driven in a configuration, and an elastic guide member that guides the leaf stem portion transported by the root crop transport device to press against the outer peripheral edge of the disk blade. I have.
[0017]
In the present invention, the leaf stem portion cut off from the root vegetable portion by the leaf stem cutting device is further transported backward by the root vegetable crop transport means, and in this transport process, a specific height position in the middle of the length is determined. One disk blade separates. At this time, since the elastic guide member presses the leaf stem conveyed by the root crop transport means against the disc blade, the cutting of the leaf stem by the disc blade is reliably performed. Become. Therefore, the leaf stem portion of the root crop is cut to a specific length by the leaf stem cutting device and the cutting mechanism having a relatively simple structure composed of the one disk blade, and is made shorter than before. .
[0018]
The invention according to any one of claims 3 to 6 described above may be embodied as follows. That is, as described in claim 7, the additional leaf stem cutting device is provided with a step. And a plurality of them are arranged vertically. In this case, even if the plurality of additional leaf stem cutting devices are long leaf stems such as garlic, the cutting device is cut to a specific length that does not hinder plowing.
[0019]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a side view of a root crop harvester according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a plan view of the root crop harvester, and FIG. 3 is a front view of the root crop harvester. The harvester) includes a self-propelled body (body) 2 having a crawler-type traveling device 1 and having a self-propelled function. As described above, the root crop 3 such as garlic is planted on the ridge 4. However, the harvester first grabs the leaf stem 3a of the root crop 3 and pulls out the root crop 3b together. It is transported upward to cut the leaf stem 3a and harvest only the root vegetables 3b. This is performed while the body 2 runs in the direction along the ridge 4.
[0020]
More specifically, the leaf stem 3a that is to be harvested now and the leaf stem 3a that is not harvested are separated by a leaf splitting device 6 that rotates the tines 5 arranged in a vertically rising rearward and inclined shape backward. Only the leaf stem 3a to be harvested is scraped rearward by a scraping device 8 including a tine 7 which enters into the trajectory of each other in the horizontal plane of the upward slope and rotates together. The leaf stem 3a squeezed by the scraping device 8 is formed by a pair of belts 9 that rotate rearward while holding the leaf stem 3a by an opposing surface in a horizontal plane that is provided rearward and inclined upward. The root vegetable section 3b is pulled out from the ground by being held by the holding and conveying device 10. At this time, a vibrating device 12 is provided below the start end of the nipping and conveying device 10 so that an L-shaped vibrating blade 11 is inserted into the soil to loosen the soil around the root vegetables 3b. It will be easier.
[0021]
The extracted root vegetable portion 3b is transported rearward and upward by the pinch transport device 10 together with the leaf stem portion 3a. At this time, the root vegetable crop 3 is suspended in a substantially vertical erect posture by the pinch transport device 10. It will be in the state that was done. The nipping position of the leaf stem 3a is determined by the height of the starting end of the nipping and conveying device 10, and this height needs to be appropriately changed. Therefore, the nipping and conveying device 10 and a height aligning and conveying device 13, a leaf stem discharging device 14, a leaf stem holding and conveying device 15, and the like, which will be described later, are configured as an integrated set 16. It is rotated up and down around a fulcrum shaft 17 provided on the body 2 to adjust it.
In the above-described configuration, the nipping / conveying device 10, the height-aligning / conveying device 13, the leaf-stalk-portion discharging device 14, and the leaf-stalk-portion-holding / conveying device 15 constitute root vegetable crop conveying means A.
[0022]
4 is a side view showing a part of the set 15, FIG. 5 is a view showing an x1-x1 part of FIG. 4, FIG. 6 is a plan view showing a part of the set 15, and FIG. FIG. 8 is a plan view showing the rear part of the leaf stem discharging device. The set 16 of the present example includes the nipping transport device 10, the height aligning transport device 13, the leaf stem discharging device 14, It comprises a leaf stem holding and conveying device 15, a leaf stem cutting device 18, and an additional leaf stem cutting device 19. Among them, the height aligning and transporting device 13 is suspended below the rear portion of the nipping and conveying device 10 by the mounting member 21 with respect to the frame 10A of the nipping and transporting device 10, and has a leaf stem portion by an opposing surface in a horizontal plane. It is constituted by a pair of endless belts 13a that are stretched in the horizontal direction and that rotate backward while holding the 3a.
[0023]
The leaf stem discharge device 14 is composed of a lower horizontal transport section 22 and an upper horizontal transport section 23. The lower horizontal transport section 22 has a support arm extending the rear portion thereof from the frame 10A. 24, and the front portion is supported by a stay 25 also attached to the frame 10A, and is located above the height-aligning transport device 13 and below the nipping transport device 10, and its starting end is located at the height-aligning transport device. And a pair of endless belts 22a extending in the horizontal direction, which are rearwardly rotated together with the leaf stem 3a in the horizontal plane while being sandwiched by the opposing surfaces in the horizontal plane. Configuration.
[0024]
The upper horizontal transport section 23 is provided above the lower horizontal transport section 22 by the support arm 24, and has an endless chain 23a with a projection that rotates backward on a horizontal plane, and a chain with the projection. The protruding chain 23a and the push plate 26 elastically press the elastic member 23a to the left in the left-right direction.
[0025]
The leaf stem holding / transporting device 15 is supported by a support arm 24 at its rear portion and by a supporting member (not shown) which is the same as the stay 25 at its front portion, and is provided above and below the height aligning / transporting device 13. It is located near the lower side of the horizontal conveying unit 22 and near the upper side of the leaf stem cutting device 18, and its starting end is provided partially overlapping with the end of the height aligning conveying device 13, and is provided in a horizontal plane. And a pair of endless belts 15a that are stretched in the horizontal direction and rotate rearward while holding the leaf stem 3a between the opposed surfaces.
[0026]
The leaf stem cutting device 18 is supported at its lower surface by a support arm 24 and is positioned behind the height aligning and transporting device 13 and in the vicinity of the lower side of the lower horizontal transporting portion 22. Each of the pair of left and right disk blades 28, 28, which are rotatable about the rotation center shafts 27a, 27b in the same shape as the shafts 27a, 27b, is partially overlapped and provided so as to be adjustable in height relative to the apparatus frame 18a. The blade 28 is adapted to rotate in the direction in which the overlapping portion is directed backward, and the pair of disc blades 28, 28 sandwich the leaf stem 3a between the overlapping portions and cut.
[0027]
The additional leaf stem cutting device 19 is supported by the support arm 24 and is located at the upper rear end of the upper horizontal transport unit 23. The additional leaf stem cutting device 19 is integrated with the shaft 29a around the vertical rotation center axis 29a. Is provided so as to be adjustable in height with respect to the support arm 24, and the disc blade 30 is provided with a leaf-stem-portion transport path (a chain 23a with a projection) in the leaf-stem ejector 14 in plan view. Of the disk blade 30 is rotated so as to move the overlapping portion of the disk blade 30 backward, and on the other hand, on the right side of the disk blade 30 A fixed leaf escape control body 31 is provided so as to partially overlap the outer peripheral edge of the disk blade 30 in plan view, and the disk blade 30 is provided above the disk blade 30. A concentrically fixed star wheel 32 for scraping the stem is provided. An elastic guide member 33 formed by bending a spring bar member is provided on the lower right side of the eel 32 and above the foliage escape control body 31, and is conveyed rearward on the foliage transportation path by the foliage discharging device 14. The leaf stem 3a is cut by the disk blade 30.
[0028]
At this time, the leaf stem escape regulating body 31 is fixed to the supporting body 24 and the same body so as to be capable of changing the position in the left-right direction, and is slightly forward of the rightmost end of the disk blade 30 in plan view. The left edge n facing forward and backward and the outer peripheral edge of the disk blade 30 are opposed so that the left-right distance L1 between them gradually narrows, and the front edge of the left edge n The inclined portion n1 is directed diagonally to the rear left, a frontward-facing portion n2 is subsequently formed, and a leaf stem engaging portion n3 in which the rearmost portion of the frontward-facing portion n2 protrudes toward the rotation center of the disk blade 30. And an upper regulating portion 31a located above the disc blade 30 and a lower regulating portion 31b located below the disc blade 30 in a side view. The regulating portion 31b is brought closer to the disk blade 30 than the upper regulating portion 31a. At this time, the upper and lower regulating portions 31a and 31b have the same shape in a plan view, and the lower regulating portion 31b and the upper regulating portion 31a are arranged in parallel in a rear view so that the right end portions thereof are formed. And fixed in the same shape as the support arm 24 via the support plate member 34.
[0029]
The star wheel 32 is fixed to the upper surface side of the disk blade 30 via a cylindrical spacer 35 and a long bolt 36 inserted therein, and is supported about 5 cm to 10 cm higher than the disk blade 30. In addition to having a diameter larger than the diameter of the disk blade 30, a large number of raking claws 32a extending radially outward from a position inside the outer circumference of the disk blade 30 are formed at an outer periphery at a specific pitch. The leaf stem 3a, which has reached between the disc blade 30 and the leaf stem escape regulating body 31, is scraped toward the outer edge of the disc blade 30.
[0030]
Further, the elastic guide member 33 is composed of a fixed portion 37 and a guide portion 38, and is formed by bending a single spring bar member. The regulating body 31 is formed by a front inclined portion 38a extending from the front side to the diagonally rear left side from the front side, a frontward-facing portion 38b following this, and a rear inclined portion 38c following the diagonally rearward right side. The front inclined portion 38a is positioned more forward than the inclined portion n1 of the leaf stem escape restricting body 31 when viewed, and the front-rearward portion 38b is substantially aligned with the front-rearward portion n2 of the leaf stem escape restricting body 31 and has a disk blade. 30 and the rear end of the rear inclined portion 38c is positioned outside the movement locus of the raking claw portion 32a, and the leaf stem 3a reaching the right front portion of the disk blade 30 is removed. The star wheel 32 is supported by the front inclined portion 38a. The guide portion 38 is guided between the raking claw portions 32a, and the front portion of the guide portion 38 is elastically deformed to smoothly move an arbitrary amount of the leaf stem portion 3a between the raking claw portions 32a of the star wheel 32. The front-rearward portion 38b and the rear inclined portion 38c press the leaf stem 3a between the raking claws 32a of the star wheel 32 and assist the leaf stem escape regulating body 31 also for the disk blade 30. Is to repress.
[0031]
Each of the vertical rotation center shafts 29a and 29b is rotatably supported by the support arm 24, and the belt 15a of the leaf stem holding and conveying device 15 is hung on the left vertical rotation center shaft 29 in order from the bottom. A pulley 39 that rotates and drives the belt 15a to rotate, a pulley 40 that rotates around the belt 22a of the lower horizontal transport unit 22 and drives the belt 22a to rotate, and a projection chain 23a of the upper horizontal transport unit 23 A sprocket 41 which is hung around to rotate the chain with projections 23a, and a left disk blade 30 are fixed, and a leaf stem portion is sequentially attached to the right vertical rotation center shaft 29b from the lower side. The pulley 39 is wound around the belt 15a of the holding and transporting device 15 to rotate the belt 15a, and the belt 22a of the lower horizontal transport unit 22 is wound around the belt 22a. It has been fixed pulley 40 for rotational drive concentrically.
[0032]
Each of these devices is forcibly driven, and the driving mechanism is as follows.
First, a transmission pulley 42 is attached to the fulcrum shaft 17, and the power transmitted from the engine 43 to the transmission pulley 42 is transmitted to the input pulley 45 of the leaf stem cutting device 18 by a chain or belt mechanism 44. The power transmitted to the input pulley 45 drives the respective disk blades 28 via a bevel gear mechanism in the apparatus main body 18a and the vertical rotation center shafts 27a and 27b.
[0033]
The power transmitted to the input pulley 45 of the leaf stem cutting device 18 is further input from the pulley 45 a concentric with the pulley 45 by the chain or belt mechanism 46 to the input pulleys 47 on the left and right sides of the leaf stem discharging device 14. The power transmitted to each input pulley 47 is transmitted to the left and right sides of the lower horizontal transport unit 22 via the bevel gear mechanisms 48, 48, the vertical rotation center shafts 29 a, 29 b, and the pulleys 40, 40. The belts 22a, 22a are driven.
[0034]
The power transmitted to the input pulley 47 on the left side is transmitted via the vertical rotation center shaft 29a on the left side and the sprocket 41 to the protruded chain 23a of the upper horizontal transfer unit 23, as well as one disk blade 30 and the star wheel. 32 is also driven. Further, the input pulleys 45a, 45a and the input pulley 20 of the nipping and conveying device 10 are connected by a chain or belt mechanism 46, thereby driving the belts 9, 9 of the nipping and conveying device 10.
[0035]
On the other hand, the power transmission to the height aligning / conveying device 13 is performed by connecting the end pulleys 49, 49 thereof and the start pulleys 50, 50 of the leaf stem discharging device 14 via the vertically connecting shafts 51, 51. To be done. At this time, the vertical connection shaft 51 is rotatably supported via a bearing member (not shown) fixed in the same shape as the mounting member 21, and its length can be adjusted using spline fitting or the like. The height of the height adjusting and conveying device 13 is moved up and down by changing the mounting position of the mounting material 21 with respect to the frame 10A to change the interval with the leaf stem cutting device 18 to adjust the length of the leaf stem 3a to be cut. It is preferable to be able to do so.
[0036]
In the above-described structure, when the root crop 3 having the leaf stem 3a held by the holding / conveying device 10 reaches the height-aligning conveying device 13, the root crop 3 is also held by the height-aligning conveying device 13 and conveyed rearward. At this time, as the distance from the height aligning and transporting device 13 increases, the vertical interval with the nipping and transporting device 10 increases, so that the leaf stem 3a is cut off as it is (however, the horizontal transporting speed component is Set the same). For this reason, the clamping force of the belts 13a, 13a of the height aligning and conveying device 13 is set to be weaker than that of the belts 9, 9 of the clamping and conveying device 10, and the leaf stem 3a moves upward between the pair of belts 13a, 13a. So that you can slide. However, the root vegetable portion 3b is not allowed to pass between the belts 13a, 13a. Therefore, at the end of conveyance of the belts 13a, 13a, the shoulder (soil portion) of the root vegetable portion 3b is rubbed against the lower ends of the belts 13a, 13a. To rise. As a result, when the root crop 3 comes off the height aligning and transporting device 13 rearward, the shoulder heights of the root crop 3b become uniform.
[0037]
When the leaf stem portion 3a reaches the vicinity of the end of the height-aligned transport device 13, the leaf stem portion 3a is also nipped and transported backward by the horizontal transport portion 22 below the leaf stem discharge device 14. At this time, since the end portion of the height aligning and transporting device 13 and the starting end of the lower horizontal transporting portion 22 are partially overlapped, the leaf stem 3a is not removed from the height aligning and transporting device 13 until the leaf stem 3a comes off. The horizontal transfer section 22 on the side is pinched, so that the transfer is reliable. At this time, the leaf stem portion 3a is held by the three members of the holding and conveying device 10, the height aligning and conveying device 13 and the lower horizontal conveying portion 22, but the belt 22a of the lower horizontal conveying portion 22 is held. , 22a is maximized among these three members, so that the leaf stem 3a held by the holding / conveying device 10 slides and moves down between the belts 9, 9 to lower the root vegetable 3b. The height is maintained at the level sandwiched by the lower horizontal transport unit 22. During this time, the leaf stem portion 3a is released from the belts 9 and 9 of the sandwiching and conveying device 10, and then the portion near the root vegetable portion is sandwiched by the leaf stem holding and conveying device 15, and the upper horizontal conveying portion 23 It is also held by the chain with projection 23a.
[0038]
When the leaf stem 3a starts to be transported by the lower horizontal transport unit 22 and the upper horizontal transport unit 23 (the root vegetable portion 3b is also attached), the leaf stem 3a comes off the height-aligned transport device 13, and thereafter, the leaf stem The lower part than the part holding / conveying device 15 is in a free state and reaches the leaf stem cutting device 18, where the pair of left and right disk blades 28, 28 cut the leaf stem 3a at the overlapping portion and move the root vegetable part 3b side. Separate from the upper leaf stem 3a. At this time, the disk blades 28, 28 are rotating in the direction in which the leaf stems 3a are extruded together, thereby increasing the cutting performance. By the way, the cutting height (length) of the leaf stem portion 3a does not change thereafter when the root vegetable portion 3b comes off the height aligning and conveying device 13, so the belt of the height aligning and conveying device 13 does not change. It means the height (length) between the lower ends of 13a, 13a and the disk blades 28, 28 of the cutting device 18. In this case, since the height aligning and transporting device 13 and the leaf stem holding and transporting device 15 are both installed horizontally below the obliquely sandwiching and transporting device 10, the height aligning and transporting device 13 and the leaf stem are combined. A sufficient space is provided between the leaf stem 3a and the section holding / conveying device 15, and the cutting length of the leaf stem 3a can be sufficiently secured. In the case of garlic and the like, the foliage part 3 may be harvested while leaving a long foliage part 3 on the side of the root vegetable part 3b.
[0039]
The leaf stem portion 3a cut by the leaf stem cutting device 18 is nipped and transported to the rear of the machine body 2 by an upper horizontal transport portion 23 and a lower horizontal transport portion 22. When the leaf stem 3a reaches the vicinity of the disc blade 30 by this conveyance, the front inclined portion 38a of the elastic guide member 33 engages with the upper part of the leaf stem 3a and is pushed by the leaf stem 3a, and according to the amount. The upper portion of the leaf stem 3a that is bent and deformed to the right by a certain amount and conveyed rearward gradually approaches the star wheel 31 with the backward movement thereof, and when the leaf stem 3a is further conveyed rearward, The front-rearward portion 38b of the elastic guide member 33 presses the upper part of the leaf stem 3a between the scraping claws 32a of the star wheel 32 with the elasticity of the elastic guide member 33. The wheel 32 rotates in the same shape as the disk blade 30 to reliably feed and move the leaf stem 3a located above the disk blade 30 backward.
[0040]
On the other hand, the leaf stem escape regulating body 31 gradually brings the leaf stem 3a reaching the inclined portion n1 closer to the disk blade 30 as it moves backward, and thereafter the leaf stem 3a When the leaf is further transported rearward due to the transport action of the leaf stem discharge device 14 or the scraping action of the star wheel 32, the upper and lower regulating portions 31 a and 31 b of the leaf stem escape regulating body 31 face forward and backward. The portion n2 is pushed and displaced to the inside of the blade portion on the outer peripheral edge of the disk blade 30, and the disk blade 30 cuts the leaf stem 3a. In this cutting process, a part of the leaf stem portion 3a may be fed and moved by the outer peripheral edge of the disk blade 30 without being cut by the disk blade 30. Is cut by the disk blade 30 reliably because it is received by the last leaf stem engaging portion n3 and its feed movement is regulated.
[0041]
Even after the leaf stem 3a is cut by the disk blade 30 in this manner, the elastic guide member 33 is in a state in which a portion above the cut position of the cut leaf stem 3a is sandwiched between the cut portion and the star wheel 32. Therefore, the upper part thereof is fed rearward with the rotation of the star wheel 32, is sent rearward from the cutting position of the disk blade 30, and falls to the ground. Further, a portion below the cutting position of the leaf stem portion 3a cut by the disk blade 30 is continuously conveyed by the leaf stem discharging device 14, discharged from its rear end portion, and dropped to the ground.
[0042]
Each of the leaf stems 3a after being cut by the disk blade 30 is cut at two locations in the longitudinal direction to be shortened, and these leaf stems 3a are tilled after the harvesting operation is completed. At this time, the shortened leaf stem portion 3a is efficiently buried in the ground.
[0043]
On the other hand, the root vegetable portion 3b from which the leaf stem portion 3a has been cut falls downward. At this time, a collecting device 53 including a slat conveyor 52 that moves to the right side of the body 2 is provided below the root vegetable portion 3b, and falls. The root vegetables 3b are received by the collection device 53 and sent to the rear right side of the machine body 2. The rear right part of the fuselage 2 is set in a sorting zone 54, and a worker who moves with the harvester separates non-defective products from defective products in the sorting zone 54. Defective products are sent rearward to carry out a predetermined collection operation.
[0044]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention described above, the following effects can be obtained.
That is, according to the first aspect, the leaf stem portion 3a of the root vegetable crop 3 such as garlic extracted from the ground by the nipping and conveying device 10 is subjected to the leaf stem cutting device 18 and the additional leaf stem cutting device 19. It can be cut into a plurality of pieces, whereby the length of the leaf stem portion 3a that is dropped on the ground after the cutting process can be shortened, and the plowing of the leaf stem portion 3a by the tilling nail can be made easy and efficient. . In addition, since the disc blade 30 is positioned above the leaf stem discharging device 14, the leaf stem portion 3a after being cut can be configured to be hardly entangled with the leaf stem discharging device 14. Further, since the leaf stem 3a is cut by one disc blade 30, a mechanism for cutting the leaf stem can be simplified.
[0045]
According to the second aspect, the same effect as that of the first aspect can be obtained.
[0046]
According to the third aspect of the invention, similarly to the first aspect of the invention, the length of the leaf stem 3a that is dropped on the ground after the cutting process is shortened, and the cultivation claw of the leaf stem 3a is used. Plowing can be easily and efficiently performed, and the additional leaf stem cutting device 19 can be easily formed with one disk blade 30.
[0047]
According to the fourth aspect, similarly to the case of the first aspect, the length of the leaf stem 3a that is dropped on the ground after the cutting process is shortened, and the tiller of the leaf stem 3a is used. Plowing can be performed easily and efficiently, and the leaf stem portion 3a is cut by one disk blade 30, so that the mechanism for cutting the leaf stem can be simplified. Further, the leaf stem portion 3a can be raked into the star wheel 32 so that the leaf stem portion 3a can be reliably cut by the disk blade 30.
[0048]
According to the fifth aspect, in addition to the effect of the third or fourth aspect, the following effect can be obtained, that is, the disk of the leaf stem 3a by the star wheel 32. The scraping of the leaf stem 3a by the disk blade 30 can be performed more accurately by ensuring that the blade 30 is scraped.
[0049]
According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, similarly to the first aspect of the invention, the length of the leaf stem 3a which is dropped on the ground after the cutting process is shortened, and the tiller of the leaf stem 3a is used. Plowing can be performed easily and efficiently, and the leaf stem portion 3a is cut by one disk blade 30, so that the mechanism for cutting the leaf stem can be simplified. Further, the leaf guide 3a above the disc blade 30 is guided by the elastic guide member 33 to the disc blade 30 side, and the cutting of the leaf stem 3a by the disc blade 30 can be assisted.
[0050]
According to the seventh aspect, even a long leaf stem 3a such as garlic can be cut to a specific length that does not hinder plowing, for example, about 15 cm to 25 cm.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side view of a root crop harvester according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the root crop harvester.
FIG. 3 is a front view of the root crop harvesting machine.
FIG. 4 is a side view showing a part of the root crop harvesting machine.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an x1-x1 part of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a plan view showing a part of the root crop harvesting machine.
FIG. 7 is a rear view showing a part of the root crop harvesting machine.
FIG. 8 is a plan view showing a rear portion of the leaf stem discharging device of the root crop harvesting machine.
[Explanation of symbols]
2 aircraft
3 Root crops
3a Leaf stem
3b root vegetables
10 Nipping transport device
13 Height alignment transfer device
14 Leaf stem discharging device
18 Leaf stem cutting device
19 Additional leaf stem cutting device
29a Specific vertical rotation center axis
30 disk blade
31 Leaf stem escape control body
32 Star Wheel
33 Elastic guide member
A Root crop transportation means

Claims (7)

条植された根菜作物の葉茎部を挟持搬送することにより根菜部を機体の走行中に地中から引き抜き上方へ搬送する挟持搬送装置と、挟持搬送装置に搬送された根菜部の高さを揃えながら後方へ搬送する高さ揃え搬送装置と、この高さ揃え搬送装置に搬送された葉茎部を略水平特定方向へ搬送するものとした葉茎部排出装置と、この葉茎部排出装置で搬送される葉茎部をこの葉茎部排出装置の下側で切断するものとした葉茎部切断装置とを備えた根菜作物収穫機において、前記葉茎部排出装置の上側に、前記葉茎部排出装置に搬送される葉茎部と交叉するように配置され且つ特定縦向き回転中心軸回りへ回転駆動される円板刃と、この円板刃の外周縁に平面視で部分的に重ね合わされた固定状の葉茎部逃げ規制体とを設けたことを特徴とする根菜作物収穫機。By holding and transporting the leaf stems of the planted root crops, the root crops are pulled out of the ground while the machine is running, and are conveyed upward. A height-aligned transport device that transports rearward while aligning, a leaf stem discharge device that transports the leaf stem conveyed by the height-aligned transport device in a substantially horizontal specific direction, and the leaf stem discharge device And a foliage cutting device that cuts the foliage conveyed at a lower side of the foliage discharging device. A disc blade arranged so as to intersect with the leaf stem conveyed to the stem discharging device and driven to rotate around a specific vertical rotation center axis; A root having a fixed leaf stem escape control body superimposed thereon; Crop harvester. 機体の走行中に地中から引き抜かれて特定高さ位置まで搬送された根菜作物を略水平後方へ搬送する葉茎部排出装置を備え、この葉茎部排出装置で搬送される葉茎部をこの葉茎部排出装置の下側で切断するものとした葉茎部切断装置とを備えた根菜作物収穫機において、前記葉茎部排出装置の搬送終端部に位置されこの葉茎部排出装置を駆動するものとなされた縦向き回転駆動軸の、前記葉茎部排出装置の上側となる個所に、前記葉茎部排出装置により搬送される葉茎部を切断するものとした円板刃を固定したことを特徴とする根菜作物収穫機。It is equipped with a leaf stem discharging device that transports the root crops that are pulled out from the ground and transported to a specific height position substantially horizontally rearward while the aircraft is running, and the leaf stem portion transported by this leaf stem discharging device is In a root crop harvesting machine having a leaf stem cutting device that cuts under the leaf stem discharging device, the leaf stem discharging device is located at the transport end of the leaf stem discharging device. A disk blade that cuts a leaf stem conveyed by the leaf stem discharging device is fixed to a portion of the vertical rotation drive shaft that is to be driven, above the leaf stem discharging device. A root crop harvester characterized by the following. 機体の走行中に根菜作物を地中から引き抜いて正立姿勢のまま上方の特定高さ位置まで搬送し続いて略水平特定方向へ搬送する根菜作物搬送手段を備え、この根菜作物搬送手段の搬送中に前記根菜作物の葉茎部の特定切断高さ位置を葉茎部切断装置で切断するものとした根菜作物収穫機において、前記葉茎部切断装置の上側に前記根菜作物搬送手段により搬送される葉茎部の前記特定切断高さ位置よりも上方位置を切断するものとした付加葉茎部切断装置を設け、該付加葉茎部切断装置が特定位置で回転駆動される一枚の円板刃と、この円板刃の外周縁に部分的に重なるように位置した固定状の葉茎部逃げ規制体とからなっていることを特徴とする根菜作物収穫機。The root crop is transported from the ground while the machine is running, and is transported to an upper specific height position in an upright posture, and then is transported in a substantially horizontal specific direction. In the root crop harvesting machine, in which the specific cutting height position of the leaf stem portion of the root crop is cut by the leaf stem cutting device, the root crop is transported by the root crop transport means above the leaf stem cutting device. An additional leaf stem cutting device configured to cut a position above the specific cutting height position of the leaf stem portion, and the additional leaf stem cutting device is rotatably driven at a specific position. A root crop harvesting machine, comprising: a blade; and a fixed leaf stem escape control body positioned so as to partially overlap the outer peripheral edge of the disk blade. 機体の走行中に根菜作物を地中から引き抜いて正立姿勢のまま上方の特定高さ位置まで搬送し続いて略水平特定方向へ搬送する根菜作物搬送手段を備え、この根菜作物搬送手段の搬送中に前記根菜作物の葉茎部の特定切断高さ位置を葉茎部切断装置で切断するものとした根菜作物収穫機において、前記葉茎部切断装置の上側に前記根菜作物搬送手段により搬送される前記葉茎部の前記特定切断高さ位置よりも上方位置を切断するものとした付加葉茎部切断装置を設け、該付加葉茎部切断装置が特定位置で回転駆動される一枚の円板刃と、この円板刃と同心状に固定された葉茎部掻込み用のスターホイールとを備えていることを特徴とする根菜作物収穫機。The root crop is transported from the ground while the machine is running, and is transported to an upper specific height position in an upright posture, and then is transported in a substantially horizontal specific direction. In the root crop harvesting machine, in which the specific cutting height position of the leaf stem portion of the root crop is cut by the leaf stem cutting device, the root crop is conveyed by the root crop transport means above the leaf stem cutting device. An additional leaf stem cutting device that cuts a position above the specific cutting height position of the leaf stem portion, wherein the additional leaf stem cutting device is driven to rotate at a specific position by a single circle. A root crop harvesting machine, comprising: a plate blade; and a star wheel for concentrating a leaf stem fixed concentrically with the disk blade. 前記根菜作物搬送手段により搬送される葉茎部を前記スターホイールの外周縁に押し当てるように案内する弾性案内部材を設けたことを特徴とする請求項4又は5記載の根菜作物収穫機。The root crop harvesting machine according to claim 4 or 5, further comprising an elastic guide member for guiding the leaf stem conveyed by the root crop transporting means against the outer peripheral edge of the star wheel. 機体の走行中に根菜作物を地中から引き抜いて正立姿勢のまま上方の特定高さ位置まで搬送し続いて略水平特定方向へ搬送する根菜作物搬送手段を備え、この根菜作物搬送手段の搬送中に前記根菜作物の葉茎部の特定切断高さ位置を葉茎部切断装置で切断するものとした根菜作物収穫機において、前記葉茎部切断装置の上側に前記根菜作物搬送手段により搬送される前記葉茎部の前記特定切断高さ位置よりも上方位置を切断するものとした付加葉茎部切断装置を設け、該付加葉茎部切断装置が特定位置で回転駆動される一枚の円板刃と、前記根菜作物搬送手段により搬送される葉茎部を前記円板刃の外周縁に押し当てるように案内する弾性案内部材とを備えたことを特徴とする根菜作物収穫機。The root crop is transported from the ground while the machine is running, and is transported to an upper specific height position in an upright posture, and then is transported in a substantially horizontal specific direction. In the root crop harvesting machine, in which the specific cutting height position of the leaf stem portion of the root crop is cut by the leaf stem cutting device, the root crop is transported by the root crop transport means above the leaf stem cutting device. An additional leaf stem cutting device configured to cut a position above the specific cutting height position of the leaf stem, wherein the additional leaf stem cutting device is rotationally driven at a specific position. A root crop harvesting machine, comprising: a plate blade; and an elastic guide member for guiding a leaf stem conveyed by the root crop transport means to an outer peripheral edge of the disk blade. 前記付加葉茎部切断装置を段差を設けて上下方向へ複数配設したことを特徴とする請求項3〜6記載の根菜作物収穫機。The root crop harvesting machine according to claim 3, wherein a plurality of the additional leaf stem cutting devices are arranged in a vertical direction with a step.
JP2002334065A 2002-11-18 2002-11-18 Root vegetable crop harvester Pending JP2004166535A (en)

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