JP2013070630A - Vegetable harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a vegetable harvester having increased nip-holding force for nip-holding roots with nip-holding rollers, and also having a root-cutting device for raking out cut roots and root soil adhered to the roots to a discharging side.SOLUTION: This vegetable harvester pulling out the bulb parts of planted bulb crops, while nip-holding leaf and stem parts, conveying the leaf and stem parts in a straight standing state with a conveying device and cutting the roots by a prescribed length with the root-cutting device is characterized in that the root-cutting device includes a right and left pair of nip-holding rollers for nip-holding the roots, and a root cutter for cutting the roots from the bulb parts, while nip-holding the roots by the nip-holding rollers, and the nip-holding rollers have a star wheel shape.

Description

  The present invention relates to a vegetable harvester, for example, a vegetable harvester that harvests bulb crops such as oak, onion or lily root, and more particularly to a vegetable harvester with an improved root cutting device.

  Conventionally, a bulbous crop that has been vegetated is pulled out while holding the leaf stem portion, the leaf stem portion is transported in an upright state by a transport device, and the root is cut at a predetermined length by a root cutting device ( Hereinafter, a vegetable harvesting machine that cuts the root is also disclosed.

  The root cutting device mounted on the vegetable harvesting machine includes a pair of left and right clamping rollers and a root cutting cutter that clamps the root portion, and the clamping roller of the root cutting device is used as a bulb crop that is transferred backward. The root portion is cut with a root cutting cutter while sandwiching the leaf stem portion (for example, see Patent Document 1).

  FIG. 8 is an explanatory view showing the structure of a conventional root cutting device. As shown in FIG. 8, the conventional root cutting device is configured to sandwich cylindrical and elastically deformable sandwiching rollers 99, 99 on the left and right sides at an interval narrower than the diameter of the sandwiching rollers 99, 99. The rollers 99 and 99 are cut by the root cutting cutters 51 and 51 while sandwiching the roots of the bulb crops while abutting and deforming the mutually facing surfaces. In this way, by sandwiching the root while deforming the sandwiching rollers 99 and 99, the contact area between the sandwiching rollers 99 and 99 and the root is increased so that the sandwiching rollers 99 and 99 can be securely held. Moreover, in order to realize such deformation clamping, the clamping rollers 99 and 99 are provided with a punch hole 85 for deflecting the surface inward in the radial direction.

JP 2006-254864 A

  However, in the conventional root cutting device as shown in FIG. 8, root soil accumulates in the punch hole 85 and the rollers cannot be bent radially inward, and the sandwiching rollers 99 and 99 are rotated. There has been a problem that the load to be increased becomes large. In addition, if the gap between the root cutting cutters 51 and 51 and the clamping rollers 99 and 99 is large, the root soil accumulates in the gap, and the root soil hinders rotation. It also had the problem of generating a large load.

  Therefore, the invention according to claim 1 is a root cutting device in which a cultivated bulb crop is pulled out while pinching the leaf stem portion, and the leaf stem portion is conveyed in an upright state by a conveying device. In the vegetable harvesting machine that cuts the roots at a predetermined length, the root cutting device includes a pair of left and right sandwiching rollers for sandwiching the roots, and a root for cutting the roots from the bulb portion while sandwiching the roots with the sandwiching rollers. A vegetable harvesting machine comprising a cutting cutter, wherein the clamping roller has a star foil shape.

  The invention according to claim 2 is the vegetable harvesting machine according to claim 1, wherein the gap between the root cutting cutter and the sandwiching roller is made as small as possible.

  In the invention according to claim 3, guide spring stays for supporting the pair of left and right guide springs for introducing the bulb crops into the root cutting device in an upright state are provided from both the left and right sides above the root cutting cutter. The vegetable harvesting machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that.

  (1) In the present invention described in claim 1, since the sandwiching roller has the shape of a star wheel, the area that the concave and convex teeth on the outer periphery of the roller act on the root is increased, and this is configured to mesh with the left and right pairs. This increases the clamping force. In addition, there is an effect of scraping the cut root and the soil attached to the root to the discharge side. Furthermore, since it is a structure which meshes | engages as mentioned above and is a structure which does not crush a roller main body, compared with the past, the outer diameter of the roller for clamping can be made larger than the outer diameter of a blade. Also, since the roller body is not crushed like conventional cylindrical sandwiching rollers, the soil does not accumulate in the punched holes, and it is less likely to accumulate soil, reducing the accumulation of soil on the sandwiching rollers. Can be made.

  (2) In the present invention described in claim 2, the gap between the root cutting cutter and the clamping roller is made as small as possible. This minimizes the accumulation of root soil between the root cutting cutter and the clamping roller.

  (3) In the present invention according to claim 3, since the bulb crop is introduced with the root soil before the root cutting device is introduced, if there is a pair of left and right guide spring stays in the introduction portion, the guide spring The root soil tends to accumulate on the stay. Therefore, the guide spring stays can be extended from both the left and right sides to the top of the root cutting cutter, so that the root soil does not accumulate on the pair of left and right guide spring stays, and the cleaning performance of the guide spring stays is improved. can do.

It is the side view which showed the whole structure of the vegetable harvester in embodiment of this invention. It is the top view which showed the whole structure of the vegetable harvester in embodiment of this invention. It is the perspective view which showed the structure which decomposed | disassembled the root cutting device of the vegetable harvester in embodiment of this invention. It is the side view which showed the power transmission mechanism of the vegetable harvester in embodiment of this invention. It is the front view which showed the whole structure of the root cutting device of the vegetable harvester in embodiment of this invention. It is the top view which showed the whole structure of the root cutting device of the vegetable harvester in embodiment of this invention. It is the side view which showed the state which cut | disconnected the root of the crop with the root cutting device of the vegetable harvester in embodiment of this invention. It is the top view which showed the whole structure of the root cutting device of the conventional vegetable harvesting machine.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The vegetable harvester A according to the present embodiment harvests the bulb crop 11, and examples of such bulb crops include oak, onion, and lily root.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 2, the vegetable harvester A according to the present embodiment harvests a crawler-shaped traveling unit 12, a driving unit 13 in which a traveling operation and a harvesting operation are performed by a driver, and a bulb crop 11. The harvesting unit 14 is configured to include a transporting unit 15 configured to transport the harvested bulb crop.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the traveling unit 12 interlocks and connects the driving wheels 17 to the front end portion of the traveling frame 16 extending in the front-rear direction, while the idler wheels 18 are rotatably connected to the rear end portion of the traveling frame 16. A crawler belt 19 is wound between the drive wheel 17 and the idler wheel 18. In the figure, reference numeral 20 denotes a rolling wheel.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the driving unit 13 includes a front column 21 disposed at the front thereof, and also includes a driver seat 22 for an operator to sit on.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the harvesting unit 14 includes a scraping device 38, a conveying device 24, a shoulder aligning device 25, a root cutting device 10, a foliage cutting device 37, and the like in one side processing unit 42. The side processing unit 42 is rotated in the vertical direction around a fulcrum shaft (not shown) provided on the traveling frame 16 to adjust the extraction position of the bulb crop 11.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the transport unit 15 includes a first transport conveyor 31 disposed behind the operation unit 13 and a second transport conveyor 32 disposed on the side of the operation unit 13. The 1st conveyance conveyor 31 conveys to the 2nd conveyance conveyor 32 the bulb part 11b by which the root part 11c (shown in FIG. 7) was cut | disconnected by the root cutting apparatus 10 as a crop. The 2nd conveyance conveyor 32 makes it possible to carry out what was selected as a good product among the bulb parts 11b transferred by the 1st conveyance conveyor 31.

  The scraping device 38 is a part for scraping the leaf stem portion 11a of the bulb crop 11 from the front of the machine body and facilitating the extraction of the bulb crop 11 by the transport device 24 described later. Specifically, the scraping device 38 is provided with a tine 35 that rotates backward in a plane that rises backward, and the tine 35 is in a state where the bulb portion 11b of the bulb crop 11 is present in the ground. Then, the leaf stem portion 11a is scraped.

  The leaf stem portion 11a scraped by the scraping device 38 is composed of a pair of belts 33 that rotate backward while being sandwiched between opposing surfaces within a rearwardly inclined plane provided behind the stem 11a. As a result, the bulb crop 11 is pulled out from the ground.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the transport device 24 is configured by winding an endless belt 33 around a driving pulley (not shown) provided at a rear portion of a side processing unit 42 described later. .

  The transport device 24 holds and pulls out the leaf stem portion 11a scraped by the scraping device 38, and the drawn bulb crop 11 is substantially vertical with the leaf stem portion 11a portion being sandwiched. It is transported to the rear upper side in the posture suspended by.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a shoulder aligning device 25, an orthogonal mud dropping device 27, a root shaping device 28, and the like are disposed in the middle of the conveying unit 15 of the conveying device 24.

  The shoulder aligning device 25 is a device that aligns (makes constant) the position of the bulb portion 11 b of the bulb crop 11 extracted by the conveying device 24.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the orthogonal mud dropping device 27 is disposed below the end portion of the shoulder aligning device 25 so that the rotation shafts of the rotating bodies 29 formed radially are orthogonal to the conveying direction of the conveying device 24. The rotating body 29 is rotated clockwise in a left side view (see FIG. 1) to drop the soil attached to the root portion 11c and the bulb portion 11b extending from the bulb portion 11b.

  The root shape shaping device 28 drops the soil by acting on the bottom surface of the bulb portion 11b and the root portion 11c while the rotating bodies 40, 40 provided with shaft rotating brushes rotate in reverse to each other, and the root cutting device 10 cuts the root portion 11c. In order to do this, the posture of the root 11c is adjusted.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the root cutting device 10 is disposed behind the transport unit 15 of the transport device 24 and above the starting end of the first transport conveyor 31. This root cutting device 10 includes a main part configuration of the present invention, and will be described in detail later with reference to the drawings.

  Further, a foliage cutting device (not shown) is disposed above and behind the root cutting device 10. The foliage cutting device 37 cuts the foliage portion 11a from the bulb portion 11b to a predetermined length.

  The vegetable harvesting machine A configured in this manner first pulls out the bulb crop 11 by holding the leaf stem portion 11a, and transports the bulb crop 11 rearward and upward while maintaining its suspended posture, while the bottom surface of the bulb portion 11b. The root portion 11c extending downward from the head is cut, and the upper leaf stem portion 11a is also cut to harvest the remaining bulb portion 11b, and this harvesting operation is performed while running. .

  Next, the root cutting device 10 including the main configuration of the present invention will be described. The root cutting device 10 is disposed at a rear portion of the transport device 24, and cuts the root portion 11c of the bulb crop 11 transported while being suspended by the transport device 24 from the bulb portion 11b with a predetermined length.

  FIG. 3 shows an exploded perspective view of the root cutting device 10. As shown in FIG. 3, the root cutting device 10 is disposed below the pair of root cutting cutters 51, 51 provided on the left and right objects with the conveyance path 46 interposed therebetween, and roots are cut off. Driving input for transmitting power from the engine E to rotate the holding rollers 50, 50 scraped rearward while holding them, and the root cutting cutters 51, 51 and the holding rollers 50, 50 together by the support rotating member 62 A cylindrical drive input case 60 in which a shaft 66 is accommodated is provided.

  The root cutting cutters 51 and 51 are formed in a disc shape with a sharp outer peripheral portion, and are arranged rotatably while being close to each other in a vertically stacked state.

  That is, by inserting the third spacer 65 having a predetermined thickness below either one of the left and right root cutting cutters 51, 51, one root cutting cutter 51 is moved upward with respect to the other. I try to position it.

  The third spacer 65 is at least thicker than the thickness of the other root cutting cutter 51, but is made as thin as possible, and the gap between the root cutting cutters 51 and 51 and the sandwiching rollers 50 and 50 is formed. It is as small as possible. By doing so, the accumulation of root soil in the gap is reduced.

  Further, sandwiching rollers 50 and 50 are disposed below the left and right root cutting cutters 51 and 51 via a second spacer 64. The sandwiching rollers 50 and 50 will be described in detail later.

  The drive input case 60 is provided with a cylindrical cylindrical case 61 erected upward from the upper part of the drive input case 60. At the upper end portion of the cylindrical case 61, a support rotating member 62 that rotates the root cutting cutters 51 and 51 and the nipping rollers 50 and 50 integrally is disposed.

  The support rotating member 62 includes three rod-like bodies 70 protruding upward at 120 ° intervals, and members such as the sandwiching rollers 50 and 50 and the root cutting cutters 51 and 51 are provided on each rod-like body 70. These holes are respectively inserted into the holes 71 so as to be rotatable in an integrated state.

  Further, a pair of left and right clamping rollers 50, 50 are disposed on the support rotating member 62 via a first spacer 63. Further, a pair of left and right root cutting cutters 51, 51 are disposed above the sandwiching rollers 50, 50 via a second spacer 64.

  The cylindrical case 61 is provided with a cutter drive shaft 68 for rotating the root cutting cutters 51 and 51 and the nipping rollers 50 and 50 through a bevel gear 67 from the drive input shaft 66 in the drive input case 60. Yes. The cutter drive shaft 68 protrudes upward from the cylindrical case 61, is inserted through the center portions of the clamping rollers 50 and 50, the root cutting cutters 51 and 51, and the fourth spacer 72, and is fastened with nuts 69a and washers 69b at the upper ends. Thus, the clamping rollers 50 and 50 and the root cutting cutters 51 and 51 are connected.

  The root cutting cutters 51 and 51 and the sandwiching rollers 50 and 50 configured as described above can be driven by obtaining power from the engine E. That is, as shown in FIG. 4, the power to the root cutting device 10 is transmitted from the engine E to the engine-side input shaft 75 via a predetermined drive mechanism. Further, a first transmission pulley 77 is provided on the engine side input shaft 75, a second transmission pulley 79 is provided on the root cutting device 10 side, and a transmission belt 78 is provided between the first transmission pulley 77 and the second transmission pulley 79. Winding.

  A tension roller 80 is always provided in the upper part of the middle part of the transmission belt 78, and a tension clutch 76 is provided in the lower part of the middle part. Further, the second transmission pulley 79 and the drive input shaft 66 are connected via a gear mechanism 81. With this configuration, power from the engine E can be input from the engine-side input shaft 75 to the drive input shaft 66 in the drive input case 60 via the tension clutch 76. Then, when the operator performs a root cutting operation in the driving unit 13, the tension clutch 76 is engaged, and the root cutting device 10 is in a driving state.

  In such a configuration, the sandwiching rollers 50 and 50 in this embodiment have a star wheel shape in which a meshing portion 59 is provided on an outer peripheral portion of a roller main body 50a made of a rubber elastic body. .

  As shown in FIG. 3, the sandwiching rollers 50 and 50 have a shaft insertion hole 50d through which the cutter drive shaft 68 is inserted at the center of the roller body 50a, and a meshing portion 59 on the outer periphery of the roller body 50a. .

  The meshing part 59 has a plurality of convex parts 50b radially extended from the roller body 50a, and has a concave part 50c provided with a recess on the center side of the roller body 50a between each convex part 50b. The convex portions 50b of the sandwiching rollers 50, 50 are formed with roundness having a predetermined curvature at their tips. The number of convex portions 59b and concave portions 59c formed on the sandwiching rollers 50, 50 is not limited, and the diameter of the sandwiching rollers 50, 50 is not limited. Further, the material of the sandwiching rollers 50 and 50 is not limited to a rubber elastic body, and may be composed of a sponge that can be elastically deformed.

  The sandwiching rollers 50 and 50 are configured to have a pair of left and right meshing portions 59 so that the roots are sandwiched by the meshing portions 59. That is, as shown in FIG. 3, a plurality of convex portions 50 b of one clamping roller 50 are engaged with a plurality of concave portions 50 c of the other clamping roller 50 to form a meshing portion 59. .

  The root portion 11 c is sandwiched between the side surface portions of the plurality of convex portions 59 a of one clamping roller 50 and the side surface portion of the convex portion 50 b of the other clamping roller 50. In this way, the area acting on the root is increased between the side surfaces of the engaging convex portions 50b.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 6, the tips of the convex portions 50 b of the sandwiching rollers 50, 50 protrude from the outer edges of the root cutting cutters 51, 51. In this way, the diameter of the sandwiching rollers 50, 50 can be made larger than the diameter of the root cutting cutters 51, 51, and the area acting on the root can be increased between the side surfaces of the convex portion 50b. As the clamping force of the root portion 11c increases, the force of scraping to the carry-out side also increases.

  Conventionally, the area acting on the root has been increased by forming a crushing allowance (deformation), but in order to form a crushing allowance, a punching hole (as shown in FIG. It was necessary to provide an open hole 85), but when the hole was provided, there was a problem that the soil was deposited there.

  On the other hand, instead of the conventional crushing allowance, the present invention is configured to sandwich the root by configuring the meshing portion 59. As described above, the holding rollers 50 and 50 can have a diameter larger than the diameter of the root cutting cutters 51 and 51, and the holding force of the root portion 11c increases and the force of scraping to the carry-out side also increases. In addition, since the pinching rollers 50, 50 of the present embodiment are not provided with a hole, there is no fear that the soil will enter the hole.

  Further, the root cutting device 10 has a pair of left and right guide springs 52 and 52 for guiding the bulb crop 11 to the root cutting device 10 in an upright state, and guide spring stays 53 and 53 that support the guide springs 52 and 52 are provided. Have. The guide spring stays 53 and 53 are attached to a pair of left and right support frames 55 and 55 that fix the root cutting device 10.

  Conventionally, as shown in FIG. 8, guide spring stays 53, 53 are disposed immediately before the sandwiching rollers 50, 50. For this reason, the root cutting device 10 has a structure in which the root soil attached to the roots of the bulb crop 11 is easily attached to the guide spring stays 53 and 53 as the bulb crop 11 is supplied.

  Therefore, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, the guide spring stays 53, 53 are configured as a pair of left and right by protruding from both the left and right sides above the root cutting cutters 51, 51. In this way, it becomes difficult for the soil to accumulate on the guide spring stays 53, 53, and it is possible to improve the cleaning property of removing the soil even when the soil is accumulated.

  As shown in FIG. 7, a rake 56 is disposed behind the root cutting device 10 so as to be inclined downwardly in a side view. In the present embodiment, the conveyance path C is formed in a plan view by arranging six round bar members 56a at predetermined intervals. The rake 56 is attached to the traveling frame 16 via a fastening member 58. The upper end portion of the rake 56 is connected to the root cutting device 10, and the lower portion is disposed at the start end portion of the first transport conveyor 31 that accommodates the bulb portion 11 b.

  With such a structure, the bulb portion 11 b falls on the start end portion of the first conveyor 31. Further, the root portion 11c cut by the root cutting device 10 falls downward due to the gravitational action, and those having a relatively small momentum at the time of cutting pass between the rod members 71a of the rake 56 and fall. However, there is one in which the cut root falls to the start end portion of the first conveyor 31 at the moment of cutting.

  Therefore, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, a removable rubber sauce 57 is attached to the rake 56. The rubber saucer 57 is attached at its upper end to the rear end of the rake 56 by the attachment member 82, and its lower end is hooked on the upper end of the plate-like guide 83 erected at the start end of the first conveyor 31. Yes. The rubber saucer 57 has a rectangular plate shape as a whole, and is attached so as to cover the starting end portion of the first conveyor 31 from the front side of the machine body. By attaching the rubber sauce 57 to the lower end portion of the rake 56 in this way, it is possible to prevent the roots cut by the root cutting device 10 from being scattered on the first transport conveyor 31.

  The rubber saucer 57 can be made of a flexible material such as rubber so that the rake 56 can be formed by deforming the shape with the flexible material even in a narrow space where the structure below the rake 56 is complicated and narrow. . Further, the rubber sauce 57 can be attached to and detached from the rake 56, and the rubber sauce 57 can be attached to or detached from the rake 56 in accordance with the condition of the root soil attached to the bulb crop 11.

  Further, the lower end of the rubber saucer 57 can be a free end. Thereby, regardless of the position of the machine, the rubber saucer 57 always faces downward, and even if the working part is moved up and down, it is possible to prevent the machine body from being caught.

A Vegetable harvesting machine 11a Leaf stem part 11b Bulb part 11c Root 10 Root cutting device 24 Conveying device 50 Nipping roller 51 Root cutting cutter 52 Guide spring 53 Guide spring stay

Claims (3)

A vegetable that pulls out the bulb portion while holding the leaf stem portion of the cultivated bulb crop, conveys the leaf stem portion in an upright state by a conveying device, and cuts the root with a predetermined length by the root cutting device In the harvester,
The root cutting device comprises a pair of left and right clamping rollers for clamping the root, and a root cutting cutter for cutting the root from the bulb portion while clamping the root with the clamping roller,
The vegetable harvesting machine, wherein the sandwiching roller has a star foil shape.   The vegetable harvester according to claim 1, wherein a gap between the root cutting cutter and the pinching roller is made as small as possible.   The guide spring stay for supporting the pair of left and right guide springs for introducing the bulb crop into the root cutting device in an upright state is led out from both the left and right sides above the root cutting cutter, respectively. The vegetable harvester according to claim 2.

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