JP2004143476A - Aluminum alloy cast rod having excellent machinability and hot-workability - Google Patents

Aluminum alloy cast rod having excellent machinability and hot-workability Download PDF

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JP2004143476A
JP2004143476A JP2002306551A JP2002306551A JP2004143476A JP 2004143476 A JP2004143476 A JP 2004143476A JP 2002306551 A JP2002306551 A JP 2002306551A JP 2002306551 A JP2002306551 A JP 2002306551A JP 2004143476 A JP2004143476 A JP 2004143476A
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machinability
aluminum alloy
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JP4017105B2 (en
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Hidechika Hatta
八太 秀周
Shinichi Matsuda
松田 眞一
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Sumitomo Light Metal Industries Ltd
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Sumitomo Light Metal Industries Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cast rod of a 2000 series (Al-Cu based) aluminum alloy whose machinability is equivalent to an A2011 conventional alloy, and having excellent hot-workability, especially hot-forgeability. <P>SOLUTION: The aluminum alloy cast rod contains 4.0-6.0% Cu, 0.05-0.45% Sn, 0.05-0.45% Bi, 0.10-0.40% Fe, and the balance Al and impurities, and the total content of Sn and Bi are 0.2-0.8%, and ratio (Bi%/Sn%) of the content of Bi to the content of Sn is 0.3-5, and the content of Pb and Cd is regulated to ≤0.02% respectively, and the average diameter of a crystal grain is ≤100 μm, and the average particle diameter (circle equivalent diameter) of a low melting metal particle distributed in a matrix is ≤13 μm. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、切削性および熱間加工性に優れたアルミニウム合金鋳造棒、詳しくは、環境保護の点で有害で公害問題を生じるおそれがあるPbを含有せず、熱間鍛造用として好適に使用し得る切削性および熱間加工性に優れたアルミニウム合金鋳造棒に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
通常、切削用アルミニウム合金には低融点金属が添加され、低融点金属はアルミニウムマトリックスに中にほとんど固溶せず、第2相としてマトリックス中に分散することにより、切削時に切り粉が微細に分断されて切削性が高められる。従って低融点金属の分散状態および粒子径が切り粉の分断に大きく影響する。
【0003】
従来、切削用高強度アルミニウム合金として知られているA2011合金は、切削性を向上させるためにPbとBiが添加されている。Pbはマトリックス中に微細分散し易く、従って切り粉が微細に分断されて良好な切削性が得られるが、近年、Pbによる公害問題が採り上げられており、地球環境保護の観点から、有害なPbを含有しない切削用アルミニウム合金の開発が要請されるようになっている。
【0004】
Pbに代えてSnを含有させた2000系の切削用アルミニウム合金として、Cu:4.5〜6.0%、Si:0.4%以下、Fe:0.7%以下、Zn:0.3%以下、Bi:0.1〜1.0%、Sn:0.2〜0.5%を含有し、残部Alおよび不可避的不純物からなり、ビレットに鋳造して押出加工されるアルミニウム合金(特許文献1参照)が提案されている。
【0005】
上記の特許文献1に示されているアルミニウム合金については、押出用ビレットに造塊し、均質化処理後、熱間押出加工を施し、溶体化処理後、引抜き加工を行い、あるいはその後時効処理を行うが、このアルミニウム合金のように、Pbの代わりにSnを添加して、SnおよびBiを含有させた合金においては、マトリックス中に分散する低融点金属の粒子径がPbを含有する合金の場合の低融点金属の粒子径に比べて大きく、その分散状態もより粗くなるため、切削加工において微細な切り粉の分断が得られない場合があり、また、Snを多量に添加すると、とくに熱間鍛造などの熱間加工時に割れが生じ易くなるという問題がある。
【0006】
同じく、押出または圧延などの熱間加工後に溶体化・焼入れ処理および時効処理を施して切削加工に供されるアルミニウム合金として、Cu:4.8〜5.9%、Bi:0.3〜1.0%、Sn:0.3〜1.0%、Ti:0.005〜0.05%を含有する合金(特許文献2参照)も提案されているが、切削性について上記特許文献1と同様の問題があるとともに、熱間鍛造用として使用する場合、押出や圧延に比べて鍛造型と材料との摩擦が大きいため、歪速度の大きい鍛造加工では熱間割れが生じ易いという難点がある。
【0007】
鍛造用素材は棒材として供給されることが多く、鍛造用素棒は押出棒と鋳造棒に大別されるが、最近では、製造コストの点で、押出棒を鍛造するものに比べて鋳造棒を鍛造するという要望が大きい。しかしながら、Pb、Biなどの低融点金属が添加されたアルミニウム合金鋳造棒は、押出棒と比べると熱間加工が加えられていないため、低融点金属の分散度が劣り、このため鍛造割れが発生し易いという問題点がある。
【0008】
Cu:4〜5.75%、Bi:0.2〜0.9%、Sn:0.12〜1.0%、Fe:0.7%以下、Si:0.4%以下、Zn:0.3%以下を含有し、Snの含有量に対するBiの含有量の比(Bi%/Sn%)を0.8〜5とし、残部Alおよび不純物としたアルミニウム合金(特許文献3参照)が提案され、この合金は、鋳造棒としても提供されることが開示されているが、上記の問題点があり、必ずしも十分な熱間鍛造性をそなえていない。
【0009】
【特許文献1】
米国特許第5803994号公報(クレーム1、第2欄58行〜第3欄21行)
【特許文献2】
特開2001−240931号公報(請求項1、0007段落)
【特許文献3】
米国特許第6113850号公報(クレーム1、第3欄56行〜58行)
【0010】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
この発明は、実質的にPb、Cdを含有しない2000系アルミニウム合金の鋳造棒、とくに熱間鍛造用素棒として提供される鋳造棒における上記従来の問題点を解消するためになされたものであり、その目的は、従来のA2011合金と同等の切削性をそなえ、熱間加工性、とくに熱間鍛造性に優れたアルミニウム合金鋳造棒を提供することにある。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の目的を達成するための請求項1による切削性および熱間加工性に優れたアルミニウム合金鋳造棒は、Cu:4.0〜6.0%、Sn:0.05〜0.45%、Bi:0.05〜0.45%、Fe:0.10〜0.40%を含有し、残部Alおよび不純物からなり、SnとBiの合計含有量が0.2〜0.8%、Snの含有量に対するBiの含有量の比(Bi%/Sn%)が0.3〜5であり、PbおよびCdの含有量がそれぞれ0.02%以下に規制され、平均結晶粒径が100μm以下で、マトリックス中に分散する低融点金属粒子の平均粒径(円相当直径、以下同じ)が13μm以下であることを特徴とする。
【0012】
請求項2による切削性および熱間加工性に優れたアルミニウム合金鋳造棒は、請求項1において、さらに、Si:0.1〜4.0%を含有することを特徴とする。
【0013】
請求項3による切削性および熱間加工性に優れたアルミニウム合金鋳造棒は、請求項1または2において、さらに、Mn:0.01〜2.0%、Cr:0.01〜0.3%、Zr:0.01〜0.3%、Ni:0.05〜2.3%、V:0.001〜0.2%、Zn:0.01〜0.6%のうちの1種または2種以上を含有することを特徴とする。
【0014】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の切削性および熱間加工性に優れたアルミニウム合金鋳造棒における合金成分の意義および限定理由について説明すると、Cuは、合金マトリックス中に固溶または析出して強度を高め、それによって切削性を向上させるよう機能する。Cuの好ましい含有範囲は4.0〜6.0%であり、4.0%未満ではその効果が小さく、6.0%を越えると熱間加工性が低下する。Cuのさらに好ましい含有量は4.5〜5.7%の範囲である。
【0015】
Snは、マトリックス中にほとんど固溶せず、マトリックス中に分散することにより切削性を向上させるよう機能する。Snの好ましい含有範囲は0.05〜0.45%であり、0.05%未満ではその効果が小さく、0.45%を越えると熱間加工性が低下する。Snのさらに好ましい含有量は0.06〜0.40%の範囲である。
【0016】
BiもSnと同様に、マトリックス中にほとんど固溶せず、マトリックス中に分散することにより切削性を向上させるよう機能する。Snの好ましい含有範囲は0.05〜0.45%であり、0.05%未満ではその効果が小さく、0.45%を越えると熱間加工性が低下する。Biのさらに好ましい含有量は0.06〜0.40%の範囲である。
【0017】
SnとBiの合計含有量は、切削性に影響するとともに、熱間加工時の割れ発生に影響を与える。好ましい合計含有量は0.2〜0.8%の範囲であり、0.2%未満では切削性の向上効果が十分でなく、0.8%を越えると熱間加工時に割れが生じ易くなり、生産性を大きく低下させる。さらに好ましいSnとBiの合計含有範囲は0.3〜0.7%である。
【0018】
Sn含有量に対するBi含有量の比(Bi%/Sn%)は、切削性に影響するとともに、熱間加工時の割れ発生に影響を与える。好ましい比率は、Bi%/Sn%:0.3/1〜5/1であり、0.3/1未満では、熱間加工時に割れが生じ易くなり生産性を大きく低下させ、5/1を越えると、低融点金属の分散が粗くなって切削加工時の切り粉が分断され難くなり、切削性が劣る。
【0019】
Feは、再結晶粒を微細化し、それによりSn、Biが微細に分散して切削性が向上する。Feの好ましい含有範囲は0.10〜0.40%であり、0.10%未満ではその効果が小さく、0.40%を越えると、粗大な化合物が晶出して熱間加工性が低下する。Feのさらに好ましい含有量は0.15〜0.35%の範囲である。Feは、アルミニウム合金中に不純物として含有されるが、本発明においては上記の範囲に厳密に規制することが重要である。
【0020】
Siは、強度および切削性を向上させるよう機能し、とくにMgと共存することによりMg2 Siを生成して強度を高め、共晶Siを分散させることにより切削性を向上させる。Siの好ましい含有範囲は0.1〜4.0%であり、0.1%未満ではその効果が十分でなく、4.0%を越えると熱間加工性を低下させ、切削加工時の切削工具の寿命を短くする。Siのさらに好ましい含有量は0.1〜3.0%の範囲である。
【0021】
Mnは、Al−Mn系およびAl(MnFe)Si系の化合物粒子を析出して再結晶粒を微細化し、切削性および耐焼き割れ性を向上させるよう機能する。Mnの好ましい含有範囲は0.01〜2.0%であり、0.01%未満ではその効果が小さく、2.0%を越えると熱間加工性が低下する。Mnのさらに好ましい含有量は0.01〜1.5%の範囲である。
【0022】
Crは、再結晶粒を微細化して強度を向上させるよう機能する。Crの好ましい含有範囲は0.01〜0.3%であり、0.01%未満ではその効果が小さく、0.3%を越えると、粗大な化合物が晶出により熱間加工性が低下する。Crのさらに好ましい含有量は0.01〜0.2%の範囲である。
【0023】
ZrはCrと同様、再結晶粒を微細化し、切削性を向上させるよう機能する。Zrの好ましい含有範囲は0.01〜0.3%であり、0.01%未満ではその効果が小さく、0.3%を越えると、粗大な化合物の晶出により熱間加工性が低下する。Zrのさらに好ましい含有量は0.01〜0.2%の範囲である。
【0024】
Niは、Ni系の析出物を析出させ、強度および切削性を向上させるよう機能する。Niの好ましい含有範囲は0.05〜2.3%であり、0.05%未満ではその効果が小さく、2.3%を越えると耐食性が低下する。Niのさらに好ましい含有量は0.5〜2.0%の範囲である。
【0025】
Vは、再結晶粒を微細化して切削性を向上させるよう機能する。Vの好ましい含有範囲は0.001〜0.2%であり、0.001%未満ではその効果が小さく、0.2%を越えると、V化合物の生成により熱間加工性が低下する。
【0026】
Znは、マトリックス中に固溶し、これが熱処理により微細に析出して強度を高め、切削性を向上させる。Znの好ましい含有範囲は0.01〜0.6%であり、0.01%未満ではその効果が小さく、0.6%を越えると、電位の低下による自己消耗が大きくなり耐食性が低下する。Znのさらに好ましい含有量は0.05〜0.5%の範囲である。
【0027】
SnおよびBiを含有させた合金においては、前記のように、マトリックス中に分散する低融点金属の粒子径がPbを含有する合金の場合の低融点金属の粒子径に比べて大きく、その分散状態もより粗くなるため、切削加工において微細な切り粉の分断が得られない場合があり、熱間鍛造時に割れが発生し易いという問題があるが、発明者らは、アルミニウム中にほとんど固溶されない低融点金属は、凝固過程において結晶粒界の最終凝固部に偏在し、結晶粒を微細化することにより低融点金属を均一且つ微細に分散させることができることを見出した。
【0028】
切削性および熱間鍛造加工性を良好にするための低融点金属の微細な分散形態について、試験、検討を行った結果、マトリックス中での低融点金属粒子の好ましい粒径は平均で13μm以下であり、平均粒径が13μmを越えると、切削時に切り粉の分断が生じず、切り粉がドリルやバイトに絡み易く自動排出されないことが認められた。切り粉が自動排出されないと、自動切削加工における生産性が低下するため好ましくない。
【0029】
また、結晶粒の平均粒径が好ましくは100μm以下、さらに好ましくは75μm以下の場合に、低融点金属をマトリックス中に均一且つ微細に分散させることができ、優れた切削性および熱間鍛造加工性を与えることができることがわかった。
【0030】
低融点金属、Sn、Biの微細な分散形態は、Sn、Biを含有する本発明のAl−Cu系合金の鋳造前の溶湯温度、鋳造速度、組織微細化剤の添加の組合わせを調整することにより得ることができる。例えば、直径15〜55mm(鋳造鋳込み径)の本発明合金の鋳造棒を製造する場合、溶湯温度を700〜780℃、鋳造速度250〜1000mm/分の範囲で調整し、鋳込み前に添加する組織微細化剤として、Ti、TiとB、またはTiとCを使用し、Ti単独の場合には0.001%以上、TiとBの場合にはTi:0.0005%以上、B:1ppm以上、TiとCの場合にはTi:0.0005%以上、C:1ppm以上となるように添加することにより、低融点金属の前記微細分散形態を得ることができる。
【0031】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の実施例を比較例と対比して説明し、本発明の効果を実証する。これらに実施例は、本発明の一実施態様であり、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。
【0032】
実施例1
表1に示す組成のアルミニウム合金A〜Oを溶解し、DC鋳造により直径40mmの鋳造棒を製造した。鋳造時の溶湯温度は720℃、鋳造速度は500mm/分とし、鋳込み前に添加する組織微細化剤として、Ti、AlTiBまたはAlTiCを使用した。
【0033】
得られた鋳造棒を試験材として、直径方向の中央部のミクロ組織を観察して結晶粒径を測定し、低融点金属Sn、Biの平均粒径を求めた。結晶粒径の測定は、ミクロ組織観察用試料を研磨後、ケラー氏液でエッチングし、線分法により行い、Sn、Biの分散状態は、EPMA面分析により倍率320倍で撮影し、画像解析装置(ルーゼックス)により低融点金属粒子の平均粒径を測定した。
【0034】
つぎに、試験材から直径30mm、長さ45mmの円筒状の試料を切り出し、440℃に加熱した後、エアーハンマーを用いて長さ方向に減厚率85%まで鍛造し、割れ発生の有無を観察することにより熱間加工性を評価し、割れが発生しないものを合格(○)、微小割れが生じたもの(△)、3mm以上の割れが生じたもの(×)を不合格とした。また、試験材を510℃で2時間溶体化処理した後、水冷し、180℃で9時間加熱する時効処理を行ってT6調質材とし、引張試験片を採取して、常温で引張試験を行い、耐力250MPa以上のものを合格とした。
【0035】
切削性は、上記のT6調質材を、市販の直径6mmの鋼製ドリルを用いて、回転数1000rpm、送り速度100mm/分の条件で切削し、ドリルへの切り粉の巻き付きの有無により評価し、巻き付きの無いものを合格(○)、巻き付きの有るものを不合格(×)とした。耐食性は、上記のT6材について、JIS Z1271に準拠して100時間の塩水噴霧試験を行い、単位面積当たりの重量損失により評価し、重量損失が100mg/dm2 未満のものを合格(○)、100mg/dm2 以上のものを不合格(×)とした。
【0036】
測定、評価結果を表2に示す。表2にみられるように、本発明に従う試験材No.1〜15はいずれも、耐力250MPa以上の優れた強度を示し、切削加工においてドリルへの切り粉の巻き付きは無く、鍛造割れの発生も無く、優れた切削性、熱間加工性をそなえている。また、塩水噴霧試験における重量損失は100mg/dm2 未満であり、良好な耐食性を有している。
【0037】
【表1】

Figure 2004143476
【0038】
【表2】
Figure 2004143476
【0039】
比較例1
表3に示す組成のアルミニウム合金a〜pを溶解し、DC鋳造により直径40mmの鋳造棒を製造した。鋳造時の溶湯温度は720℃、鋳造速度は500mm/分とした。また、表3に示す組成のアルミニウム合金qを溶解し、DC鋳造により直径90mmの鋳造棒を製造した。この場合の鋳造時の溶湯温度は690℃、鋳造速度は200mm/分とし、合金lを除き、鋳込み前に組織微細化剤としてAlTiBを添加した。
【0040】
得られた鋳造棒を試験材として、実施例1と同様にして、直径方向の中央部の結晶粒径を測定し、低融点金属Sn、Biの平均粒径を測定し、熱間加工性、引張性質、切削性および耐食性を評価した。結果を表4に示す。なお、表3〜4において、本発明の条件を外れたものには下線を付した。
【0041】
【表3】
Figure 2004143476
【0042】
【表4】
Figure 2004143476
【0043】
表4に示すように、試験材No.16はCu量が少ないため強度が劣り、切削時に切り粉がドリルに絡みついた。試験材No.17はCu量が多いため熱間鍛造時に微小割れが生じた。試験材No.18およびNo.20は、それぞれSn量およびBi量が少なく、Bi%/Sn%も本発明の範囲を外れているため、切削性が劣る。試験材No.19およびNo.21は、それぞれSn量およびBi量が多く、SnとBiの合計量も多いため、熱間鍛造で割れが生じた。試験材No.22はFe量が少ないため、平均結晶粒径および低融点金属粒子の平均粒子径が大きくなり切削性が劣る。
【0044】
試験材No.23はFe量が多く、試験材No.24はSi量が多く、試験材No.25はMn量が多く、試験材No.26はCr量が多く、試験材No.28はZr量が多く、試験材No.30はV量が多いため、いずれも熱間鍛造時に微小割れが生じた。Ni量の多い試験材No.29は耐食性が劣っている。試験材No.27は組織微細化剤を添加しなかったため、結晶粒径が大きくなり、切削性および熱間加工性が劣っている。試験材No.31はZn量が多いため耐食性が劣り、試験材No.32は製造条件が適切でなかったため平均結晶粒径および低融点金属粒子の平均粒子径が大きくなり切削性が劣る。
【0045】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、従来のA2011合金と同等の切削性をそなえ、熱間加工性、とくに熱間鍛造性に優れた2000系(Al−Cu系)アルミニウム合金の鋳造棒が提供される。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides an aluminum alloy cast rod excellent in machinability and hot workability, specifically, contains no Pb which is harmful in terms of environmental protection and may cause a pollution problem, and is suitably used for hot forging. The present invention relates to an aluminum alloy cast bar having excellent machinability and hot workability.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Usually, low-melting metals are added to aluminum alloys for cutting, and the low-melting metals hardly dissolve in the aluminum matrix, but are dispersed as a second phase in the matrix, so that chips are finely divided during cutting. And the machinability is improved. Therefore, the dispersion state and particle size of the low-melting-point metal greatly affect the cutting of the swarf.
[0003]
Conventionally, Ab11 alloy, which is known as a high-strength aluminum alloy for cutting, contains Pb and Bi in order to improve machinability. Pb is easily dispersed finely in the matrix, so that the cuttings are finely divided to obtain good machinability. However, in recent years, Pb pollution has been raised, and from the viewpoint of global environmental protection, Pb is harmful. There has been a demand for the development of aluminum alloys for cutting which do not contain any.
[0004]
As a 2000 type aluminum alloy for cutting containing Sn instead of Pb, Cu: 4.5 to 6.0%, Si: 0.4% or less, Fe: 0.7% or less, Zn: 0.3 % Or less, Bi: 0.1-1.0%, Sn: 0.2-0.5%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities, and cast into a billet and extruded aluminum alloy (patented) Reference 1) has been proposed.
[0005]
With respect to the aluminum alloy shown in Patent Document 1, the ingot is extruded into a billet for extrusion, subjected to hot extrusion after homogenization treatment, subjected to solution treatment, and then subjected to drawing or aging treatment. As described above, in the case of an alloy containing Sn and Bi in which Sn is added instead of Pb as in this aluminum alloy, the particle diameter of the low melting point metal dispersed in the matrix is an alloy containing Pb. Is large compared to the particle size of the low melting point metal, and its dispersion state is coarser, so that fine chips may not be separated in the cutting process. There is a problem that cracks are likely to occur during hot working such as forging.
[0006]
Similarly, as an aluminum alloy subjected to a solution treatment, a quenching treatment and an aging treatment after hot working such as extrusion or rolling and subjected to cutting, Cu: 4.8 to 5.9%, Bi: 0.3 to 1 An alloy containing 0.0%, Sn: 0.3 to 1.0%, and Ti: 0.005 to 0.05% has also been proposed (see Patent Document 2). In addition to the same problem, when used for hot forging, the friction between the forging die and the material is greater than in extrusion or rolling, so there is a drawback that hot cracking is likely to occur in forging with a large strain rate. .
[0007]
Materials for forging are often supplied as bars, and raw bars for forging are roughly classified into extruded bars and cast bars. There is a great demand for forging bars. However, aluminum alloy cast bars to which low-melting-point metals such as Pb and Bi are added are not subjected to hot working as compared with extruded bars, so that the low-melting-point metals are inferior in dispersibility, and forging cracks occur. There is a problem that it is easy to do.
[0008]
Cu: 4 to 5.75%, Bi: 0.2 to 0.9%, Sn: 0.12 to 1.0%, Fe: 0.7% or less, Si: 0.4% or less, Zn: 0 An aluminum alloy containing 0.3% or less, a ratio of Bi content to Sn content (Bi% / Sn%) of 0.8 to 5, and a balance of Al and impurities is proposed (see Patent Document 3). Although it is disclosed that this alloy is also provided as a cast rod, it has the above-mentioned problems and does not always have sufficient hot forgeability.
[0009]
[Patent Document 1]
U.S. Pat. No. 5,803,994 (claim 1, column 2, line 58 to column 3, line 21)
[Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-249931 (Claim 1, 0007 paragraph)
[Patent Document 3]
U.S. Pat. No. 6,113,850 (claim 1, column 3, lines 56-58)
[0010]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems in a cast rod of a 2000 series aluminum alloy substantially containing no Pb or Cd, particularly in a cast rod provided as a raw bar for hot forging. It is an object of the present invention to provide an aluminum alloy cast bar having the same machinability as that of the conventional A2011 alloy, and excellent in hot workability, particularly in hot forgeability.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The cast aluminum alloy rod excellent in machinability and hot workability according to claim 1 for achieving the above object has Cu: 4.0 to 6.0%, Sn: 0.05 to 0.45%, Bi: 0.05 to 0.45%, Fe: 0.10 to 0.40%, the balance consisting of Al and impurities, the total content of Sn and Bi is 0.2 to 0.8%, Sn The ratio of Bi content to Bi content (Bi% / Sn%) is 0.3 to 5, the contents of Pb and Cd are each regulated to 0.02% or less, and the average crystal grain size is 100 μm or less. The low melting point metal particles dispersed in the matrix have an average particle diameter (equivalent circle diameter, the same applies hereinafter) of 13 μm or less.
[0012]
The cast aluminum alloy rod excellent in machinability and hot workability according to claim 2 is characterized in that it further contains Si: 0.1 to 4.0% in claim 1.
[0013]
The cast aluminum alloy rod excellent in machinability and hot workability according to claim 3 is further characterized in that in claim 1 or 2, Mn: 0.01 to 2.0% and Cr: 0.01 to 0.3%. , Zr: 0.01 to 0.3%, Ni: 0.05 to 2.3%, V: 0.001 to 0.2%, Zn: 0.01 to 0.6%, or It is characterized by containing two or more types.
[0014]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
To explain the significance of alloy components in the aluminum alloy cast bar with excellent machinability and hot workability of the present invention and the reasons for the limitation, Cu is dissolved or precipitated in the alloy matrix to increase the strength, thereby increasing the machinability. It works to improve. The preferable range of the content of Cu is 4.0 to 6.0%. When the content is less than 4.0%, the effect is small, and when the content exceeds 6.0%, the hot workability is reduced. A more preferred content of Cu is in the range of 4.5 to 5.7%.
[0015]
Sn hardly forms a solid solution in the matrix, and functions to improve the machinability by dispersing in the matrix. The preferred range of Sn content is 0.05 to 0.45%. If the content is less than 0.05%, the effect is small, and if it exceeds 0.45%, the hot workability decreases. The more preferred content of Sn is in the range of 0.06 to 0.40%.
[0016]
Bi, like Sn, hardly forms a solid solution in the matrix, and functions to improve the machinability by dispersing in the matrix. The preferred range of Sn content is 0.05 to 0.45%. If the content is less than 0.05%, the effect is small, and if it exceeds 0.45%, the hot workability decreases. The more preferable content of Bi is in the range of 0.06 to 0.40%.
[0017]
The total content of Sn and Bi affects not only the machinability but also the crack generation during hot working. The preferable total content is in the range of 0.2 to 0.8%. If it is less than 0.2%, the effect of improving the machinability is not sufficient, and if it exceeds 0.8%, cracks are liable to occur during hot working. , Greatly reducing productivity. More preferably, the total content range of Sn and Bi is 0.3 to 0.7%.
[0018]
The ratio of the Bi content to the Sn content (Bi% / Sn%) affects not only the machinability but also the crack generation during hot working. A preferable ratio is Bi% / Sn%: 0.3 / 1 to 5/1, and if it is less than 0.3 / 1, cracks are easily generated at the time of hot working, so that productivity is greatly reduced, and 5/1 is reduced. If it exceeds, the dispersion of the low-melting-point metal becomes coarse, and it becomes difficult for the cutting powder at the time of cutting to be divided, resulting in poor machinability.
[0019]
Fe refines the recrystallized grains, whereby Sn and Bi are finely dispersed, and the machinability is improved. A preferable range of Fe content is 0.10 to 0.40%. If the content is less than 0.10%, the effect is small. If the content exceeds 0.40%, a coarse compound is crystallized and hot workability is reduced. . The more preferred content of Fe is in the range of 0.15 to 0.35%. Fe is contained as an impurity in the aluminum alloy, but in the present invention, it is important to strictly restrict the content to the above range.
[0020]
Si functions to improve the strength and the machinability, and in particular, generates Mg 2 Si by coexisting with Mg to increase the strength, and improves the machinability by dispersing eutectic Si. The preferable content range of Si is 0.1 to 4.0%, and if the content is less than 0.1%, the effect is not sufficient. Reduce tool life. The more preferred content of Si is in the range of 0.1 to 3.0%.
[0021]
Mn functions to precipitate Al-Mn-based and Al (MnFe) Si-based compound particles to make recrystallized grains finer and to improve machinability and resistance to fire cracking. The preferred content range of Mn is 0.01 to 2.0%. If the content is less than 0.01%, the effect is small, and if it exceeds 2.0%, the hot workability is reduced. A more preferred content of Mn is in the range of 0.01 to 1.5%.
[0022]
Cr functions to refine the recrystallized grains and improve the strength. The preferred range of Cr content is 0.01 to 0.3%. If the content is less than 0.01%, the effect is small, and if it exceeds 0.3%, coarse compounds are crystallized to deteriorate hot workability. . The more preferable content of Cr is in the range of 0.01 to 0.2%.
[0023]
Like Cr, Zr functions to refine recrystallized grains and improve machinability. A preferable range of Zr content is 0.01 to 0.3%. When the content is less than 0.01%, the effect is small, and when it exceeds 0.3%, hot workability is reduced due to crystallization of a coarse compound. . A more preferred content of Zr is in the range of 0.01 to 0.2%.
[0024]
Ni functions to precipitate Ni-based precipitates and improve strength and machinability. The preferred content range of Ni is 0.05 to 2.3%. If the content is less than 0.05%, the effect is small, and if it exceeds 2.3%, the corrosion resistance is reduced. The more preferred content of Ni is in the range of 0.5 to 2.0%.
[0025]
V functions to refine recrystallized grains and improve machinability. A preferable range of V content is 0.001 to 0.2%. If the content is less than 0.001%, the effect is small, and if it exceeds 0.2%, hot workability is reduced due to generation of a V compound.
[0026]
Zn forms a solid solution in the matrix, which is finely precipitated by heat treatment to increase the strength and improve the machinability. A preferable range of Zn content is 0.01 to 0.6%. If the content is less than 0.01%, the effect is small. If the content exceeds 0.6%, self-depletion due to a decrease in potential is increased and corrosion resistance is reduced. A more preferable content of Zn is in a range of 0.05 to 0.5%.
[0027]
In the alloy containing Sn and Bi, as described above, the particle diameter of the low melting point metal dispersed in the matrix is larger than the particle diameter of the low melting point metal in the case of the alloy containing Pb. Is also coarser, there is a case where fine cutting chips may not be cut in the cutting process, and there is a problem that cracks are easily generated during hot forging, but the inventors hardly form a solid solution in aluminum. It has been found that the low melting point metal is unevenly distributed in the final solidified portion of the crystal grain boundary in the solidification process, and that the low melting point metal can be uniformly and finely dispersed by refining the crystal grains.
[0028]
As a result of tests and investigations on the fine dispersion form of the low melting point metal for improving the machinability and hot forging workability, the preferred particle diameter of the low melting point metal particles in the matrix was 13 μm or less on average. In addition, when the average particle size exceeded 13 μm, it was recognized that cutting chips did not occur during cutting, and the cutting chips were easily entangled with a drill or a cutting tool and were not automatically discharged. If the cutting powder is not automatically discharged, the productivity in the automatic cutting is reduced, which is not preferable.
[0029]
When the average grain size of the crystal grains is preferably 100 μm or less, more preferably 75 μm or less, the low-melting-point metal can be uniformly and finely dispersed in the matrix, and has excellent cutting properties and hot forging workability. Was found to be able to give.
[0030]
The fine dispersion form of the low melting point metal, Sn, and Bi adjusts the combination of the molten metal temperature, the casting speed, and the addition of the structure refining agent before casting the Al-Cu alloy of the present invention containing Sn and Bi. Can be obtained. For example, when manufacturing a casting rod of the alloy of the present invention having a diameter of 15 to 55 mm (cast casting diameter), the melt temperature is adjusted within a range of 700 to 780 ° C. and a casting speed of 250 to 1000 mm / min, and a structure to be added before casting. As a refining agent, Ti, Ti and B, or Ti and C are used. In the case of Ti alone, 0.001% or more, in the case of Ti and B, Ti: 0.0005% or more, B: 1 ppm or more In the case of Ti and C, by adding Ti in an amount of 0.0005% or more and C in an amount of 1 ppm or more, the finely dispersed form of the low melting point metal can be obtained.
[0031]
【Example】
Hereinafter, examples of the present invention will be described in comparison with comparative examples to demonstrate the effects of the present invention. These examples are one embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto.
[0032]
Example 1
Aluminum alloys A to O having the compositions shown in Table 1 were melted, and cast bars having a diameter of 40 mm were manufactured by DC casting. The temperature of the molten metal during casting was 720 ° C., the casting speed was 500 mm / min, and Ti, AlTiB or AlTiC was used as a structure refiner added before casting.
[0033]
Using the obtained cast rod as a test material, the microstructure at the center in the diameter direction was observed to measure the crystal grain size, and the average grain size of the low melting point metals Sn and Bi was determined. The crystal grain size is measured by polishing the microstructure observation sample, etching with Keller's solution, and performing the line segmentation method. The dispersion state of Sn and Bi is photographed by EPMA surface analysis at a magnification of 320 times, and image analysis is performed. The average particle size of the low-melting metal particles was measured using an apparatus (Luzex).
[0034]
Next, a cylindrical sample having a diameter of 30 mm and a length of 45 mm was cut out from the test material, heated to 440 ° C., and then forged to a thickness reduction rate of 85% in the length direction using an air hammer to determine whether or not cracking occurred. Hot workability was evaluated by observing, and those which did not generate cracks were evaluated as pass (○), those with micro cracks (△), and those with 3 mm or more cracks (x) were rejected. Further, the test material was subjected to a solution treatment at 510 ° C. for 2 hours, then water-cooled, and subjected to an aging treatment of heating at 180 ° C. for 9 hours to obtain a T6 tempered material. A tensile test piece was sampled and subjected to a tensile test at room temperature. The test was performed when the yield strength was 250 MPa or more.
[0035]
The machinability was evaluated by cutting the above T6 tempered material using a commercially available steel drill having a diameter of 6 mm under the conditions of a rotation speed of 1000 rpm and a feed speed of 100 mm / min. Those without winding were judged as acceptable (合格), and those with winding were judged as unacceptable (×). The corrosion resistance of the above T6 material was evaluated by weight loss per unit area by performing a salt spray test for 100 hours in accordance with JIS Z1271, and those having a weight loss of less than 100 mg / dm 2 were passed ((). Those with 100 mg / dm 2 or more were rejected (x).
[0036]
Table 2 shows the measurement and evaluation results. As can be seen in Table 2, the test material No. All of Nos. 1 to 15 show excellent strength of 250 MPa or more in proof stress, have no swarf of cutting powder around the drill during cutting, do not generate forging cracks, and have excellent machinability and hot workability. . In addition, the weight loss in the salt spray test is less than 100 mg / dm 2 , indicating good corrosion resistance.
[0037]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004143476
[0038]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004143476
[0039]
Comparative Example 1
Aluminum alloys a to p having the compositions shown in Table 3 were melted, and cast bars having a diameter of 40 mm were manufactured by DC casting. The temperature of the molten metal during casting was 720 ° C., and the casting speed was 500 mm / min. Further, an aluminum alloy q having a composition shown in Table 3 was melted, and a casting rod having a diameter of 90 mm was manufactured by DC casting. In this case, the temperature of the molten metal at the time of casting was 690 ° C., the casting speed was 200 mm / min, and AlTiB was added as a structure refining agent before casting except for alloy 1.
[0040]
Using the obtained cast rod as a test material, in the same manner as in Example 1, the crystal grain size in the central portion in the diameter direction was measured, the average grain sizes of the low melting point metals Sn and Bi were measured, and hot workability was measured. The tensile properties, machinability and corrosion resistance were evaluated. Table 4 shows the results. In Tables 3 and 4, those outside the conditions of the present invention are underlined.
[0041]
[Table 3]
Figure 2004143476
[0042]
[Table 4]
Figure 2004143476
[0043]
As shown in Table 4, the test material No. In No. 16, the strength was inferior due to the small amount of Cu, and the cuttings were entangled with the drill during cutting. Test material No. In No. 17, micro-cracks occurred during hot forging due to a large amount of Cu. Test material No. 18 and no. In No. 20, since the Sn amount and the Bi amount are small, respectively, and Bi% / Sn% is out of the range of the present invention, the machinability is inferior. Test material No. 19 and no. Sample No. 21 had a large amount of Sn and a large amount of Bi, respectively, and also had a large total amount of Sn and Bi. Test material No. Since No. 22 has a small amount of Fe, the average crystal grain size and the average particle size of the low-melting metal particles are large, and the machinability is poor.
[0044]
Test material No. Test material No. 23 has a large amount of Fe, No. 24 has a large amount of Si. No. 25 has a large amount of Mn. No. 26 has a large amount of Cr, and the test material No. Test material No. 28 has a large Zr content. Since No. 30 had a large amount of V, microcracks occurred during hot forging. The test material No. No. 29 is inferior in corrosion resistance. Test material No. In No. 27, since no structure refining agent was added, the crystal grain size was large, and the machinability and hot workability were poor. Test material No. Test material No. 31 was inferior in corrosion resistance because of a large amount of Zn. In No. 32, since the production conditions were not appropriate, the average crystal grain size and the average particle size of the low-melting metal particles were large, and the machinability was poor.
[0045]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, there is provided a cast rod of a 2000-series (Al-Cu-based) aluminum alloy having the same machinability as that of the conventional A2011 alloy, and having excellent hot workability, particularly excellent hot forgeability.

Claims (3)

Cu:4.0〜6.0%(質量%、以下同じ)、Sn:0.05〜0.45%、Bi:0.05〜0.45%、Fe:0.10〜0.40%を含有し、残部Alおよび不純物からなり、SnとBiの合計含有量が0.2〜0.8%、Snの含有量に対するBiの含有量の比(Bi%/Sn%)が0.3〜5であり、PbおよびCdの含有量がそれぞれ0.02%以下に規制され、平均結晶粒径が100μm以下で、マトリックス中に分散する低融点金属粒子の平均粒径(円相当直径、以下同じ)が13μm以下であることを特徴とする切削性および熱間加工性に優れたアルミニウム合金鋳造棒。Cu: 4.0 to 6.0% (mass%, the same applies hereinafter), Sn: 0.05 to 0.45%, Bi: 0.05 to 0.45%, Fe: 0.10 to 0.40% With the balance being Al and impurities, the total content of Sn and Bi being 0.2 to 0.8%, and the ratio of the Bi content to the Sn content (Bi% / Sn%) being 0.3. -5, the contents of Pb and Cd are each regulated to 0.02% or less, the average crystal grain size is 100 μm or less, and the average particle size of the low-melting metal particles dispersed in the matrix (equivalent circle diameter; The same is not more than 13 μm, which is excellent in machinability and hot workability. さらに、Si:0.1〜4.0%を含有することを特徴とする請求項1記載の切削性および熱間加工性に優れたアルミニウム合金鋳造棒。The cast aluminum alloy rod having excellent machinability and hot workability according to claim 1, further comprising Si: 0.1 to 4.0%. さらに、Mn:0.01〜2.0%、Cr:0.01〜0.3%、Zr:0.01〜0.3%、Ni:0.05〜2.3%、V:0.001〜0.2%、Zn:0.01〜0.6%のうちの1種または2種以上を含有することを特徴とする請求項1または2記載の切削性および熱間加工性に優れたアルミニウム合金鋳造棒。Further, Mn: 0.01 to 2.0%, Cr: 0.01 to 0.3%, Zr: 0.01 to 0.3%, Ni: 0.05 to 2.3%, V: 0. 3. Excellent in machinability and hot workability according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by containing one or more of 001 to 0.2% and Zn: 0.01 to 0.6%. Aluminum alloy casting rod.
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JP2011080119A (en) * 2009-10-07 2011-04-21 Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd Al-Cu-BASED ALUMINUM ALLOY MEMBER
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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006341307A (en) * 2005-05-10 2006-12-21 Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd Vertical type continuous casting device for aluminum, and vertical type continuous casting method using the casting device
JP4655994B2 (en) * 2005-05-10 2011-03-23 日本軽金属株式会社 Vertical casting apparatus for aluminum and vertical casting method using this casting apparatus
JP2007327115A (en) * 2006-06-09 2007-12-20 Sumitomo Light Metal Ind Ltd High-strength free-cutting aluminum alloy superior in toughness
JP2011080119A (en) * 2009-10-07 2011-04-21 Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd Al-Cu-BASED ALUMINUM ALLOY MEMBER
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