JP2004105823A - Fermentation treatment apparatus for organic matter - Google Patents

Fermentation treatment apparatus for organic matter Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004105823A
JP2004105823A JP2002269536A JP2002269536A JP2004105823A JP 2004105823 A JP2004105823 A JP 2004105823A JP 2002269536 A JP2002269536 A JP 2002269536A JP 2002269536 A JP2002269536 A JP 2002269536A JP 2004105823 A JP2004105823 A JP 2004105823A
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Prior art keywords
drum
air supply
air
wall
fermentation treatment
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JP2002269536A
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Japanese (ja)
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Kaoru Iwata
岩田 薫
Yosuke Iwata
岩田 庸輔
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IWATA CREATE KK
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IWATA CREATE KK
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a fermentation treatment apparatus for organic matter which can promote fermentation treatment by supplying air in a treating chamber from the bottom side while agitating-rotating and stopping a drum housing a matter to be treated to bring the air into effective contact with the matter to be treated and by supplying and passing air through the piled matter to be treated. <P>SOLUTION: The fermentation treatment apparatus is provided with a drum 2 which is freely rotatably supported by a drum frame 3 and accommodates the material to be treated so as to be taken in and out and with a central shaft 20 being the center of drum rotation at the bottom part 15 of the drum 2. An external wall 36 and an inner wall 37 in which nozzle holes 39 are bored are provided at the bottom part 15 of the drum 2 to form an air feed gap 38. Further an air feeding passage 51 an inner end side of which communicates with the inside of the air feed gap 38 and an outer end side of which communicates with an air feeding device 50 respectively, is provided at the central axis 20. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、畜糞や生ゴミ等の有機物を醗酵処理する醗酵処理装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
【特許文献1】特開平11−262745号公報
【特許文献2】特開2001−79526号公報
従来の畜糞や生ゴミ等の有機物(以下処理物と言う)を出し入れ可能に収容したドラムを回転し醗酵処理をする処理装置は、ドラムを軸心(長軸)を中心に回転させると共に、該軸心に直交する軸を中心に上下揺動回動を行うものが知られている(例えば、特許文献1参照)。
また上記のようなドラム回転型の処理装置において、ドラムを外周に設けたパネルヒーターで加熱すると共に、ドラム内に挿入した筒状体から熱風を処理室に供給することにより、微生物の活性を図り処理物の醗酵処理をしているものもある(例えば、特許文献2参照)。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記公報で示されるようなドラム回転型の処理装置は、処理物を醗酵処理するにあたり、ヒーターで加熱したドラムを回転させ、攪拌中の処理物に対しドラムの中心部から加熱したエアを吹き付けることによって、微生物の活性を好気性環境で促している。しかしドラムの回転を停止した場合にドラム底部に堆積し静止状態になった処理物に対しては、堆積した処理物の表面にのみエアが供給され内部には供給されない欠点がある。さらにドラムを常時回転させ処理物の攪拌を続行したままエアを供給し続けるので、微生物の安定的な増殖が損なわれ醗酵が充分に行われないまま乾燥し、良質な肥料が得られない。
【0004】
また従来のような醗酵処理装置は、処理物を専ら好気性醗酵によって処理するものであり、処理物を嫌気性醗酵により処理する構成を備えていないので、十分な醗酵処理を行うためには別途嫌気性醗酵を行う作業やそのための装置が必要であった。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記従来の問題点を解消するための本発明による有機物の醗酵処理装置は、第1に、ドラムフレーム3に回転自在に支持され処理物を出し入れ可能に収容するドラム2と、該ドラム2の底部15にドラム回転の中心となる中心軸20を設けたものにおいて、ドラム2の底部15に外壁36とノズル孔39を穿設した内壁37とを設けて給気間隙38を形成し、上記中心軸20に内端側が給気間隙38内に、外端側がエア供給装置50に各連通するエア供給路51を設けてなることを特徴としている。
【0006】
第2に、エア供給路51を形成した中心軸20の先端部に、内壁37を接合させて給気間隙38を形成することを特徴としている。
【0007】
第3に、外壁36と内壁37で形成される給気間隙38を、中心部から放射方向に設けた複数の仕切壁45によって周方向に仕切ることにより区画給気間隙38aを形成し、ドラム2の回転に伴い下方側に位置した区画給気間隙38a内にエアを供給することを特徴としている。
【0008】
第4に、給気間隙38に臨む中心軸20の先端部に、エアを下方側に供給するエア切換手段42を設けたことを特徴としている。
【0009】
第5に、ドラム2を機台6に対し上下揺動回動可能に設けたことを特徴としている。
【0010】
第6に、ドラム2内のエアを吸引排出する排気管52の端部を、ドラム開口部12側より挿入し所定位置で開口させてなることを特徴としている。
【0011】
第7に、処理物の嫌気性醗酵処理時に、排気管52の排気側端部をエア供給装置50の給気側に切換可能に接続する切換部53を設けてなることを特徴としている。
【0012】
【発明の実施形態】
本発明の一実施形態を図面に基づいて説明する。符号1は、生ゴミや畜糞等の有機物(処理物)をドラム2内に収容し醗酵処理するドラム回転式の処理装置であり、処理物を出し入れ可能に形成した瓶型タンク形状のドラム2と、該ドラム2を前後方向の軸心を中心に回転可能に支持する支持フレーム3と、該支持フレーム3の両側を上記軸心と直交する回動軸(揺動軸)4で支持する箱枠状の機台6等で構成している。
【0013】
上記ドラム2は、支持フレーム3の前後方向の中間部分即ちドラム2の重心に近い位置を回動軸4で軸支した状態で、後述する回動機構5を介して上下方向に揺動回動可能に支持されると共に、前側の開口部12に蓋構造8を備えている。ドラム2の前後部は支持フレーム3に対し回転支持機構7によって正逆回転可能に支持され、且つエア供給機構9によって回転するドラム2の処理室10内にはエアを後部側から供給し、攪拌される処理物にエアを供給して醗酵処理を促進する。
【0014】
以下各要部の詳細な構成について説明する。先ず図3で示されるようにドラム2は、円筒状のドラム本体11の前後に、集束された開口部12を形成する円錐状のガイド筒部13と、後方側に膨出する湾曲形状の底部15を、側面視で瓶型形状となるように一体的に組付けている。
【0015】
ドラム2は、ドラム本体11の前後の外周にガイド輪16,16を設け、該ガイド輪16をドラムフレーム3側に設けた回転支持機構7の左右のガイドローラ17によって転動可能に支持されている。また底部15の中心部(軸心)から後方に向けて突設した中心軸20は、支持フレーム3の後部で上方に立設したフレーム上の軸受(メタル部)19に上下揺動自在に軸支されている。
上記中心軸20は軸心部に後述するエア供給機構9のエア供給装置50と接続するエア供給路51を穿設している。
【0016】
そして、回転支持機構7においては後方のガイド輪16の周囲にチェン21が巻き掛け固定され、該チェン21に回転支持機構7が有する駆動モータ22のモーター軸に備えた駆動スプロケット23を噛合させることにより、ドラム2をガイドローラ17,17とメタル部19で支持した状態で、前後方向の軸心を中心に駆動モータ22の作動によって正逆回転可能に駆動する。尚、ドラム2の回転は数分間に1回転程度と低速回転にすることにより、微生物の増殖を急速攪拌によって損なうことのないようにしている。
また上記前後のガイド輪16はその外周を、ドラムフレーム3側に設けた逆U字状のカバー部材11aで覆われている。
【0017】
回動機構5は、ドラムフレーム3の中途部から立設した支持フレーム25に回動軸4を横向きに突設し、該回動軸4を機台6から立設した支柱26のメタル部27に軸支されると共に、回動軸4の軸端に設けたウォームホイル29に、支柱26側に設けた駆動モータ30のウォームギヤ31が噛合する構成になっている。これにより、駆動モータ30を正逆回転操作し、ウォームギヤ31及びウォームホイル29,回動軸4を介し、ドラム2及びドラムフレーム3を前後方向の重心付近位置を中心とし上下揺動回動を行い、ドラム2を水平姿勢から下方及び上方の傾斜姿勢に切り換えることができる。尚、回動機構5は上記の方式に限定されることなく、大型ドラムの場合には油圧シリンダ機構で傾動させるか、或いはドラム2を上方からクレーンで傾動可能に吊下げることもでき、また小型ドラムの場合には手動操作によって傾動することもできる。
【0018】
また図3,図4,図5で示されるようにドラム2は、ドラム本体11と底部15を2重構造の周壁で形成しており、ドラム本体11は内壁32と外壁33で形成される空間部内に、内壁32側を加熱するヒーター35を貼設し、該ヒーター35を断熱部材35aで囲い、断熱部材35aの外周をガイド輪16,16間に張設した外壁33で覆っている。上記ヒーター35は中心軸20の外周に設けたスリップリング35bによって機台5側から温度調節可能に通電される。
【0019】
図示例においてガイド筒部13は、その外周に断熱部材を施した保温構造になっている。
また底部15は、湾曲状に形成された外壁36の内側に、略相似形状の内壁37を後述する給気間隙38を形成するように張設し、内壁37の全周面には、例えば千鳥状の配列を以て数ミリ程度の直径を有する多数のノズル孔39を略等間隔に穿設している。
【0020】
中心軸20は、メタル部19で軸支される前側軸端に外壁36と内壁37を取付ける取付部40を、給気間隙38の巾を有する厚さで鍔状に形成すると共に、後側軸端にジョイント(回転接手管)50bを介し前記エア供給装置50の供給管50aを回転スライド可能に接続している。尚、ジョイント50bの固定側はドラムフレーム3に支持している。
この構成により、ドラムフレーム3側に取付けられたエア供給装置50から、ジョイント50bを介し供給管50aの軸振れを防止した状態とし、エアを回転する中心軸20の供給路51に通し、底部15の給気間隙38に連続的に供給し内壁37のノズル孔39から処理室10の底部側に噴出させる。
【0021】
上記供給管50aは、その中途部に貯水タンクと排水バルブ等からなる集水部50cを設け、管路中の水分を収集すると共に排出できるようにしている。
また給気間隙38は中心の取付部40側から外周側に向けて徐々に幅狭に集束するように形成することにより、各ノズル孔39からエアを均等に噴出することができる構成となっている。即ち、内壁37と外壁36はその中心部を取付部40に取付けた状態で、両者の外周縁でドラム本体11の内壁32の端部を挟持するように固定することによって外周側で集束する給気間隙38を形成し、底部15を剛性の高い構造にしている。
【0022】
そして、内壁37に穿設される全てのノズル孔39の合計面積は、エア供給路51の断面積より小さくなるように中心軸20に形成しており、これによりドラム2はエア供給装置50が作動される運転中に、各ノズル孔39から処理室10内に向けてエアを噴出しながら、給気間隙38内にバックプレッシャー(背圧)を生じさせ、このバックプレッシャーによって処理室10内の処理物や水分等がノズル孔39から給気間隙38内に侵入しない構造になっている。
【0023】
上記中心軸20に形成した取付部40は、内端側に内壁37の中心部を接合し、外端側に外壁36の中心部を嵌挿した状態で接合し、3者を複数の取付ボルト41によって共締めすることにより、ドラム2の中心部における給気間隙38を形成維持し、内壁37に加わる処理物の重量や衝撃を取付部40を介して分担支持する機構になっている。
これにより、内壁37と外壁36の組付け時に、取付部40によって中心部側の給気間隙38を簡単に位置決めすることができ、また内壁37の中心部を補強支持するので、処理物の重量及び攪拌時の処理物との接当負荷等に対し内壁37の剛性を高めて変形を防止する。従って、内壁37及び外壁36の板厚を薄くすることができ、ドラム2の軽量化を図り省エネ運転が可能になる。
【0024】
またドラム2は、内壁37と外壁36間で給気間隙38を扇形に区画された複数の区画給気間隙38aと、ドラム2の回転に伴い下方側に位置した区画給気間隙38a内に、エアを分配供給するエア切換手段42とからなるエア分配構造43を備え、処理室10内の下方にある処理物に対してエアを供給させ、醗酵分解を促進させる。
即ち、給気間隙38は、底部15の中心部から放射方向に設けた複数(図示例では6枚)の仕切壁45で扇形に仕切られることによって、周方向に区画された複数の区画給気間隙38aを形成する。尚、このとき仕切壁45の両側縁を外壁36と内壁37に接合させた状態にすると、底部15の補強リブになる。
【0025】
エア切換手段42は、図4,図5に示すように取付部40の内部にエア供給路51と連通する複数のエア供給路51aを放射方向に穿設し、その開口部を各区画給気間隙38aに臨ませると共に、開口部に円錐状のバルブ座46を面取り形成し、該バルブ座46にエア供給路51aを開閉可能に閉鎖するバルブとしてのボール47を設置し、取付部40の外周に該ボール47の落下を規制しながら通気を妨げないバルブガイド49を設けた構成になっている。
【0026】
これにより、エア切換手段42はバルブ座46が上向きにあるとき、ボール47が自重によってエア供給路51aを閉鎖してエアの放出を防止し、バルブ座46が下向きにある側ではボール47が下落しエア供給路51aを開放するので、下方側に位置する区画給気間隙38aに向けてエアの供給を集中的に行う。また下落してバルブガイド49で支持された状態にあるボール47は、ドラム2の回転に伴い上方に至るとバルブ座46に案内されてエア供給路51aを再び閉鎖する。
従って、エアー切換手段42を備えたエアー供給機構9は、エア供給装置50を過大な容量にすることなく、ドラム2の下側に位置する処理物に対してのみエアを供給する。
尚、エア切換手段42は上記のようにボール47の自重によってエア供給路51aを開閉する方式にすることにより、エア切換手段42を簡単な構造で廉価にすることができるが、この方式に限定されることなく例えば電気的に開閉するバルブ等で構成することもできる。
【0027】
次にエア供給機構9及び蓋構造8について説明する。先ずエア供給機構9は、ファン型或いはコンプレッサ型のエア供給装置50で外気を圧縮し、供給管50a,ジョイント50b,エア供給路51,エア供給路51aを介して、給気間隙38内に圧縮エアを供給する。
そして、ドラム2内のエアを吸引排出する排気管52は、開口部12から処理室10内の奥側所定位置、即ち円錐形状のガイド筒部13の基部側でドラム本体11の前側近傍に開口部52aを開口させると共に、排気側端部をエア供給装置50の給気側に設けた切換部(吸気切換装置)53に接続し、中途部に吸気ファン型の排気装置54を介装している。
【0028】
この構成により、切換部53を切り換え操作することによって、ドラム2内の醗酵成分や水分を含むエア(醗酵エアと言う)を大気中に吸引排出しながら外気の新鮮なエアを連続的に供給する好気性醗酵処理の使用態様と、外気エアの供給を停止した状態で、ドラム2内の上記醗酵エアを切換部53,エア供給装置50,エア供給路51等を介しドラム2の処理室10内に循環させる、処理物の嫌気性醗酵処理の使用態様とに適宜切り換えることができる。
【0029】
即ち、図3において処理物を好気性醗酵によって処理する時は、外気を吸気口55から導入し切換部53,吸気管56を介しエア供給装置50によって、既述のように給気間隙38に供給し、新鮮なエアを内壁37のノズル孔39から連続的に噴出供給し、ヒーター35で加熱した処理室10を好気性環境に維持しながら、ドラム2の正逆回転と回転停止による攪拌回転制御を付与することによって好気性醗酵処理を促進する。
このとき処理物に接触したエアは、処理室10の上方側、特に開口部12に近いガイド筒部13内の円錐形状の内面に接触して冷却され、醗酵エア中の水分が凝結することによって十分なエア排出ができないだけでなく、内部に凝結水を滴下させる状態になる。このためドラム2内のエアは処理室10内に挿入された排気管52の開口部52aから強制的に吸引され、排気装置54を介し切換部53の排気口57から大気中に排出される。また排気管52の開口部52aは低温側となる蓋構造8から離間した奥側に開口するので、凝結する前のエアを排出し、多量の酸素を含んだ外部エアと入れ換えられる。
【0030】
一方、嫌気性醗酵処理時には、吸気口55と排気口57を閉じ排気管52と吸気管56を連通させるように切換部53を操作すると、エア供給機構9は外気エアの供給を停止し閉回路にすることができるので 排気装置54で排出された処理室10内の醗酵エアは、エア供給装置50によって再び処理室10内に供給され循環することになる。この時循環エア中の凝結水を必要に応じて分離捕集するため、ドラム外のエア循環経路中に水分分離装置(集水部)50cが設けられている。
これにより、処理室10は外気エアの供給が遮断された嫌気性環境となり、ドラム2の攪拌回転制御と醗酵エアの連続的な供給によって、処理物の嫌気性醗酵が促進される。
【0031】
従って、上記のように構成されたエア供給機構9を備える処理装置1は、好気性醗酵処理と嫌気性醗酵処理とを簡単に切り換え選択することができると共に、ドラム2に収容する処理物に対し好気性醗酵処理と嫌気性醗酵処理を行うことができるので、通常の好気性醗酵のみの処理では醗酵分解が困難であったり長い時間がかかるような処理物に対しても、上記両醗酵処理によって短時間で効率よく処理することができる。
ちなみに後述するように、大量の畜糞(略1トン程度の牛糞)に対して好気性醗酵と嫌気性醗酵の両処理を行った場合に、略24時間程度の短い時間で良質な堆肥状肥料を簡単に製造することができた。
【0032】
次に図1〜図3を参照し蓋構造8について説明する。この蓋構造8においては、ドラム2の開口部12を開閉可能に閉鎖する円盤状の蓋部60の外周を、ガイド筒部13の先端に形成した鍔部61にリング状のシール部材62を介してスライド可能に嵌合させている。蓋部60に開口した蓋孔は上方の蝶番部63を支点に開閉可能に設けた蓋65によって開閉される。また蓋部60の回り止め及び支持は排気管52を取付部材に兼用することによって行っている。
【0033】
この構成により蓋部60は回転するドラム2に対し、その開口部12を固定状態で閉鎖し、蓋部60を取り外すことなく開閉できる。
また図示例の排気管52は、その中途部を前後のカバー部材11aに固定しており、先端側を屈曲させて蓋部60の上部から挿入した状態で、蓋部60の取付構造を剛性の高い構成にしている。
【0034】
また蓋部60はその内側に、例えばオゾン発生用のオゾンランプ等の脱臭や制菌作用等を行う適宜な装置を設けることができる。
70は機台6の一側に設置された制御盤であり、この制御盤70はヒーター35の温度のコントロール、駆動モータ22の自動及び手動操作と攪拌回転制御、切換部53の操作、エア供給装置50の駆動及び回動機構5の駆動操作等を司る。
【0035】
71はドラム2の底部15から水抜き等を行うドレンコックであり、外壁36の湾曲部に設けることにより図3で示されるドラム2の傾斜姿勢で、処理物から浸出し又は吸気間隙38内で凝結した水分等により底部15に溜まった水や処理室10内の洗浄時の水を排出する。
72,73は処理物の攪拌を促進するブレードであり、それぞれドラム2の内壁32と内壁37に螺旋方向に沿って複数設置している。また上記ブレード72に適当間隔を有して突設した先鋭な板状突起の攪拌体75は、ドラム回転に伴う処理物の掻上げと細断を促進する。
【0036】
次に、以上のように構成した処理装置1による処理物の処理態様について述べる。この例では1トン程度の牛糞を処理物とし、先ず処理物を好気性醗酵処理をする場合、及びこれに嫌気性醗酵処理を付与することによって堆肥化する例について説明する。
【0037】
先ずドラム2の収容姿勢において、蓋部60の蓋65を開き開口部12から処理物を処理室10内に投入し、蓋65を閉じた状態で、好気性醗酵処理側に切り換えられたエア供給機構9のエア供給装置50によってエアを供給する。同時に回転支持機構7によってドラム2を回転させながら、該ドラム2を処理物の収容姿勢から図3で示されるように、回動機構5を駆動し上方回動させ、中心軸が上向きに略35度程度の処理角に姿勢維持し好気性醗酵処理運転を行う。
尚、ヒーター35は上記運転に先立って処理室10を設定温度となるように加熱しておく。
【0038】
この運転初期において、例えばドラム2は正転と逆転を5分程度繰り返した後、略20分程度の所定時間を以て回転を停止しするように間欠回転を行い、運転初期に処理物の攪拌分解による処理を促進する。次いで、上記のような攪拌を主とする処理が行われた後は、ドラム2は回転を停止し数時間毎に数分程度の攪拌回転による間歇回転(攪拌回転制御)を行う。
【0039】
これにより、処理物は運転初期にドラム2の回転による攪拌で砕かれながら均一な混合と水分の機外排出が行われ、この後ドラム2の回転停止に伴い処理室10の下方底部側に堆積状態になって静止した処理物に、エア供給機構9及びエア分配構造43によってエアが集中的に供給され、後述するように処理物内にエアを通過させる静止通気処理が促進される。
この例では上記のような運転によって略10時間程度で醗酵温度が下がり始めることから、好気性醗酵が短時間で略完了したことが確認された。
【0040】
次いで、上記のような好気性醗酵処理を行った後に嫌気性醗酵処理をすることにより、さらに良質な肥料とするように堆肥化を促進する。
即ち、好気性醗酵処理が略完了した所定時間経過後に処理物の醗酵温度が下がり始めるとき、処理室10を加熱しているヒーター35をOFFにすると共に、切換部53を操作してエア供給機構9を閉回路にする。この操作によって処理室10は、処理物の加熱を停止すると共に外気の供給が遮断され、処理室10内のエアが循環され嫌気性環境にされる。
【0041】
そして、この嫌気性環境のもとでドラム2の攪拌回転処理(切り返し)と静止状態の処理を選択することができるので、一旦好気性醗酵処理をされた処理物は、嫌気性醗酵処理され均質な塊状の処理物に分解する。
このとき、管路を循環する醗酵エアに含まれる水分の一部は、エア供給機構9中に設置された集水部50cによって凝結し集水され、処理物は粘土状に塊化すると共に、この場合にも給気間隙38内のバックプレッシャーは、ノズル孔39から侵入しようとする処理物や水を押し戻すように作用するので、ノズル孔39の目詰まりや給気間隙38内への侵入を防止する。
上記のような嫌気性醗酵処理によれば、処理物の粘土状の塊化は略10時間程度で認められ、比較的短時間に嫌気性醗酵処理を完了することができた。
【0042】
次いで、嫌気性醗酵処理を行った後は、再びヒーター35をONし切換部53を操作し、好気性醗酵処理時と同様な態様に切り換え処理物を乾燥させた後、機外に排出することにより処理物の一連の醗酵処理を完了する。
この場合、ペースト状の処理物に含む多量の水分を、前記攪拌回転と加熱及び排気によって乾燥させるので、略3〜4時間程度で乾燥した粉粒体状の堆肥に仕上げることができた。次いでドラム2を回動機構5によって下向きに傾斜させ、蓋65を開いて処理物を排出する。
従って、本発明の処理装置1によれば、好気性醗酵処理と嫌気性醗酵処理の切り換えを簡単行うことができると共に、処理物に好気性菌と嫌気性菌の両微生物を作用させ、醗酵処理による良質な堆肥化を短時間に行うことができる等の特徴がある。
【0043】
尚、上記のような醗酵処理において、ドラム2の攪拌回転制御や処理室10内の温度制御、及び好気性醗酵処理並びに嫌気性醗酵処理の時間等の設定は、処理物の状態や性質並びに量等の条件に適応した運転形態やタイミングを選択して行う。
またドラム2の攪拌回転は、図3で示す前記攪拌角或いはそれ以下の緩やかな攪拌角で回転させると、比較的短い時間で処理物を均一に攪拌混合することができ、攪拌動作中のバラバラ状態の処理物に対し、エアを底部15側から供給して接触させ、攪拌による水分の除去を促進しながら好気性醗酵を行う。
【0044】
この後、ドラム2は上記攪拌角又はそれ以上の急な攪拌角に姿勢変更をしてドラム回転を停止すると、処理物は底部15側に図3の点線で示す堆積線Wのように順次堆積する。
ここでドラム2の下方で静止状態になった処理物に対し、下側に位置した区画給気間隙38aのノズル孔39からエアが集中的に供給されるので、静止通気処理が好気環境のもとで行われる。
【0045】
従って、処理物の醗酵処理は従来のもののようにドラム2の攪拌回転を頻繁に行うことなく、ドラム2を前記攪拌角即ち静止通気処理角において、ドラム2の回転を専ら停止した状態で、堆積した処理物内にエアを集中的に供給させる静止通気処理を行うので、処理物の内部にエアを下方から上方に向けて接触させながら通過せしめ、微生物の増殖を活性化し醗酵処理を促進すると共に、ドラム2の回転駆動を低減したランニングコストの低い、省エネ運転を経済的に行うことができる等の特徴がある。
【0046】
尚、上記のようにドラム2の回転を停止した状態で行う静止通気処理は、該ドラム2は略垂直姿勢に起立停止させた状態にすると、底部15の内壁37の全面上に処理物を堆積できるので、この場合にはエア分配構造43によって略全周のノズル孔39からボール47が自重で離間し、エアを処理物に対し自動的に供給することができる。
またドラム2を起立姿勢にした状態で、前記集水部50cのバルブを開放すると、エア供給路51を排水路に利用して外壁36内に溜まった水を簡単に排出することができるので、水を用いた処理室10内の洗浄を容易に行うことができる。
【0047】
また以上のような処理において、特に水分が多い生ゴミ等の処理物を処理する場合には、例えば吸水性が良好な木材チップに好熱菌等の醗酵菌を着床した担体を用いることもできる。この場合には水分を担体に吸水保持させながら高温で蒸発するので、多量の水分や悪臭の発生を抑制した醗酵処理をすることができる。この際にもドラム2は短時間の回転であたかも堆肥を切り返すように攪拌するので、処理物を長時間にわたり攪拌させることによる好熱菌の活性化を阻害したり低減させることを防止でき、ドラム2の回転停止状態で行われる静止通気処理の適数回の繰り返しによって醗酵処理を完遂し減容することができる。
【0048】
尚、図示例の処理装置1は底部15側のみノズル孔39を有する給気間隙38を形成したが、ドラム本体11の内壁32からもエアを噴出させる場合には、該内壁32にノズル孔を穿設し、該ノズル孔と上記給気間隙38を連通させることもできる。
また中心軸20をメタル部19で軸支しないで支持する場合には、外壁36の中心部或いは取付部40に形成したエア供給路51に、ジョイント50bを介して供給管50aを接続することもできる。また前記した処理物に対する好気性醗酵処理と嫌気性醗酵処理を行う手段は、図示例のようなドラム回転型の処理装置1に限ることなく、在来の有機物の醗酵処理装置に対しても利用できる。
【0049】
【発明の効果】
本発明による有機物の醗酵処理装置は、以上のように構成したことにより次のような効果を奏する。
処理物を収容したドラムは、底部の外壁とノズル孔を穿設した内壁とで形成される給気間隙に、エアをエア供給路を介して供給しながら攪拌回転及び停止をさせるので、エアを処理室内に底部側から供給して処理物に接触させることができ、また堆積した処理物内にエアを供給通過させて醗酵処理を促進することができる。
またエア供給路を給気間隙の中心部に設けるので、エア供給装置からエアを簡単な構成によって供給することができる。
【0050】
またエア供給路を形成した中心軸の先端部に内壁を接合させることにより、内壁と外壁の中心部側の給気間隙を簡単に形成でき、また内壁の中心部を補強支持し剛性の高い構造にすることができる。
【0051】
外壁と内壁で形成される給気間隙を、仕切壁によって周方向に仕切り複数の区画給気間隙を形成し、ドラムの回転に伴い下方側に位置した区画給気間隙内にエアを供給することにより、ドラムの下方側に位置し上記区画給気間隙にあるノズル孔を塞いでいる処理物の内部に対してもエアを供給することができる。
【0052】
このとき、給気間隙に臨む中心軸の先端部にエアを下方側に供給するエア切換手段を設け、ドラムの回転に伴い下方側に位置する区画給気間隙内にエアを集中的に供給することにより、ドラムの下方側に位置する処理物に対しエアを供給し醗酵処理を促進することができると共に、噴出するエアによって上記区画給気間隙のノズル孔の目詰まりを防止することができる。
また給気間隙及び中心軸を利用するのでエアー切換手段を簡単に構成でき、大容量のエア供給装置を必要としない装置をコンパクトに製作できる。
【0053】
またドラムは機台に対し上下揺動回動可能に設けることにより、緩やかな傾斜でドラムを回転し処理物の攪拌処理を促進すると共に、急な傾斜でドラムを静止した状態で行う醗酵処理を促進する。また上記両処理姿勢の切り換えを簡単に行うことができる。
【0054】
さらに、処理室内のエアを吸引排出する排気管の端部をドラム開口部側より挿入し所定位置で開口させるようにしたドラムは、処理物に接触したエアを処理室内でエア中の水分が凝結し停滞状態になる前に、排気管の開口部から吸引排出し処理物の醗酵処理を促進する。
【0055】
ドラムに設けた排気管の排気側端部を、エア供給装置の給気側に切換可能に接続する切換部を設けた処理装置は、外気エアを供給して行う好気性醗酵処理と、外気エアを遮断し処理室内のエアを循環させて行う嫌気性醗酵処理を選択することができると共に、処理物を好気性醗酵処理したものに対し嫌気性醗酵処理を付加し、処理物の肥料化をランニングコストを抑制して行うことができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明係わる醗酵処理装置の全体構成を示す側面図である。
【図2】図1の正面図である。
【図3】図1のドラム及び要部の構成を示す断面図である。
【図4】ドラムの底部の構成を示す背面図である。
【図5】図4のエアー切換手段の構成を示す側断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1  醗酵処理装置(処理装置)
2  ドラム
3  ドラムフレーム
4  回動軸
5  回動機構
6  機台
7  回転支持機構
8  蓋構造
9  エアー供給機構
11  ドラム本体
13  ガイド筒部
15  底部
20  中心軸
36  外壁
37  内壁
38  給気間隙
38a 区画給気間隙
39  ノズル孔
40  取付部
45  仕切壁
50  エア供給装置
50a 供給管
51  エア供給路
52  排気管
53  切換部
54  排気ファン(排気装置)
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a fermentation treatment apparatus for fermenting organic matter such as animal dung and garbage.
[0002]
[Prior art]
[Patent Document 1] JP-A-11-262745
[Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-79526
A conventional processing apparatus that performs a fermentation treatment by rotating a drum capable of storing and removing organic matter (hereinafter, referred to as a processed material) such as animal dung and garbage can rotate the drum around an axis (long axis). 2. Description of the Related Art There has been known a device that performs vertical swing rotation about an axis perpendicular to an axis (for example, see Patent Document 1).
In the drum-rotating processing apparatus as described above, the activity of microorganisms is promoted by heating the drum with a panel heater provided on the outer periphery and supplying hot air from a cylindrical body inserted into the drum to the processing chamber. Some of the processed products are subjected to fermentation treatment (for example, see Patent Document 2).
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the drum rotating type processing apparatus disclosed in the above publication, a drum heated by a heater is rotated in a fermentation process of a processed product, and heated air is blown from a central portion of the drum to a processed product being stirred. This promotes microbial activity in an aerobic environment. However, when the rotation of the drum is stopped, there is a drawback that the processed material that has accumulated at the bottom of the drum and is in a stationary state is supplied with air only to the surface of the accumulated processed material and is not supplied to the inside. Further, since the air is continuously supplied while the drum is constantly rotated and the agitation of the processed material is continued, the stable growth of the microorganisms is impaired, and the microorganisms are dried without sufficient fermentation, so that a high-quality fertilizer cannot be obtained.
[0004]
In addition, conventional fermentation treatment apparatuses treat the processed material exclusively by aerobic fermentation, and do not have a configuration for processing the processed material by anaerobic fermentation. An anaerobic fermentation operation and an apparatus for the operation were required.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The organic matter fermentation treatment apparatus according to the present invention for solving the above-mentioned conventional problems comprises, firstly, a drum 2 rotatably supported by a drum frame 3 and accommodating a processed material, and a bottom portion of the drum 2. 15 is provided with a central axis 20 serving as the center of rotation of the drum, and an outer wall 36 and an inner wall 37 having a nozzle hole 39 are provided on the bottom 15 of the drum 2 to form an air supply gap 38. 20 is characterized in that an inner end side is provided in the air supply gap 38 and an outer end side is provided with an air supply path 51 communicating with the air supply device 50.
[0006]
The second feature is that the air supply gap 38 is formed by joining the inner wall 37 to the tip of the center shaft 20 where the air supply passage 51 is formed.
[0007]
Third, a divided air supply gap 38a is formed by circumferentially partitioning an air supply gap 38 formed by the outer wall 36 and the inner wall 37 by a plurality of partition walls 45 provided in the radial direction from the center portion. It is characterized in that air is supplied into the section air supply gap 38a located on the lower side with the rotation of.
[0008]
Fourthly, an air switching means 42 for supplying air downward is provided at the end of the center shaft 20 facing the air supply gap 38.
[0009]
Fifth, the invention is characterized in that the drum 2 is provided so as to be swingable up and down with respect to the machine base 6.
[0010]
Sixth, the end of the exhaust pipe 52 for sucking and discharging the air in the drum 2 is inserted from the drum opening 12 side and opened at a predetermined position.
[0011]
Seventhly, a switching unit 53 is provided to connect the exhaust side end of the exhaust pipe 52 to the air supply side of the air supply device 50 in a switchable manner during anaerobic fermentation processing of the processed product.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Reference numeral 1 denotes a drum-rotating type processing device that accommodates organic matter (processed material) such as garbage and animal dung in the drum 2 and performs fermentation processing. A supporting frame 3 for rotatably supporting the drum 2 about a longitudinal axis, and a box frame for supporting both sides of the supporting frame 3 with a rotating shaft (oscillating shaft) 4 orthogonal to the axial center. It is composed of a machine base 6 and the like.
[0013]
The drum 2 swings vertically in a vertical direction via a rotation mechanism 5 described below, with the intermediate portion of the support frame 3 in the front-rear direction, that is, a position near the center of gravity of the drum 2 supported by a rotation shaft 4. In addition to being supported as possible, a lid structure 8 is provided in the front opening 12. The front and rear portions of the drum 2 are rotatably supported by a rotation support mechanism 7 with respect to a support frame 3, and air is supplied from a rear side into a processing chamber 10 of the drum 2 rotated by an air supply mechanism 9 to stir the drum. Air is supplied to the processed product to promote the fermentation process.
[0014]
Hereinafter, a detailed configuration of each main part will be described. First, as shown in FIG. 3, the drum 2 has a conical guide tube portion 13 forming a converged opening portion 12 in front of and behind a cylindrical drum main body 11, and a curved bottom portion bulging rearward. 15 are integrally assembled so as to have a bottle shape in a side view.
[0015]
The drum 2 is provided with guide wheels 16, 16 on the front and rear outer circumferences of the drum main body 11, and the guide wheels 16 are rotatably supported by left and right guide rollers 17 of a rotation support mechanism 7 provided on the drum frame 3 side. I have. A center shaft 20 protruding rearward from a center portion (axial center) of the bottom portion 15 is pivotally mounted on a bearing (metal portion) 19 on a frame which is provided upright at a rear portion of the support frame 3 so as to be vertically swingable. Supported.
The center shaft 20 has an air supply passage 51 connected to an air supply device 50 of the air supply mechanism 9 described later in the center of the shaft.
[0016]
In the rotation support mechanism 7, a chain 21 is wound and fixed around the rear guide wheel 16, and the driving sprocket 23 provided on the motor shaft of the drive motor 22 of the rotation support mechanism 7 meshes with the chain 21. Thus, in a state where the drum 2 is supported by the guide rollers 17, 17 and the metal portion 19, the drum 2 is driven to be rotatable forward and backward by the operation of the drive motor 22 around the longitudinal axis. The rotation of the drum 2 is set to a low speed of about one rotation every few minutes so that the proliferation of microorganisms is not impaired by rapid stirring.
The outer circumference of the front and rear guide wheels 16 is covered with an inverted U-shaped cover member 11a provided on the drum frame 3 side.
[0017]
The turning mechanism 5 is provided with a turning shaft 4 protruding laterally on a support frame 25 erected from a middle part of the drum frame 3, and the metal portion 27 of a column 26 erected from the machine base 6. And a worm wheel 29 provided on the shaft end of the rotating shaft 4 is meshed with a worm gear 31 of a drive motor 30 provided on the support column 26 side. As a result, the drive motor 30 is rotated forward and reverse, and the drum 2 and the drum frame 3 are vertically pivoted about the position near the center of gravity in the front-rear direction via the worm gear 31, the worm wheel 29, and the rotating shaft 4. The drum 2 can be switched from the horizontal posture to the downward and upward inclined postures. Note that the rotating mechanism 5 is not limited to the above-described method. In the case of a large drum, the rotating mechanism 5 can be tilted by a hydraulic cylinder mechanism, or the drum 2 can be suspended from above by a crane so as to be tiltable. In the case of a drum, it can be tilted by manual operation.
[0018]
As shown in FIGS. 3, 4, and 5, the drum 2 has a drum body 11 and a bottom portion 15 formed of a peripheral wall having a double structure, and the drum body 11 has a space formed by an inner wall 32 and an outer wall 33. A heater 35 for heating the inner wall 32 side is attached to the inside of the unit, the heater 35 is surrounded by a heat insulating member 35a, and the outer periphery of the heat insulating member 35a is covered by an outer wall 33 stretched between the guide wheels 16,16. The heater 35 is energized so that the temperature can be adjusted from the machine base 5 by a slip ring 35b provided on the outer periphery of the central shaft 20.
[0019]
In the illustrated example, the guide cylinder 13 has a heat retaining structure in which a heat insulating member is provided on the outer periphery.
Further, the bottom portion 15 has a substantially similar inner wall 37 stretched inside a curved outer wall 36 so as to form an air supply gap 38 which will be described later. A large number of nozzle holes 39 having a diameter of about several millimeters are formed at substantially equal intervals in an array.
[0020]
The center shaft 20 has a mounting portion 40 for attaching the outer wall 36 and the inner wall 37 to a front shaft end supported by the metal portion 19 in a flange shape with a thickness having a width of the air supply gap 38 and a rear shaft. The supply pipe 50a of the air supply device 50 is rotatably slidably connected to the end via a joint (rotary joint pipe) 50b. The fixed side of the joint 50b is supported by the drum frame 3.
With this configuration, from the air supply device 50 attached to the drum frame 3 side, the shaft of the supply pipe 50a is prevented from running out via the joint 50b, and the air is passed through the supply path 51 of the rotating central shaft 20, and the bottom 15 And is ejected from the nozzle hole 39 of the inner wall 37 to the bottom side of the processing chamber 10.
[0021]
The supply pipe 50a is provided with a water collecting section 50c including a water storage tank and a drain valve at an intermediate portion thereof, so that water in the pipeline can be collected and discharged.
Further, the air supply gap 38 is formed so as to converge gradually and narrowly from the center mounting portion 40 side to the outer peripheral side, so that air can be uniformly ejected from each nozzle hole 39. I have. That is, the inner wall 37 and the outer wall 36 are fixed such that the ends of the inner wall 32 of the drum body 11 are sandwiched between the outer peripheral edges of the inner wall 37 and the outer wall 36 with the central portions thereof being mounted on the mounting portion 40, thereby converging the outer peripheral side. An air gap 38 is formed, and the bottom 15 has a highly rigid structure.
[0022]
The total area of all the nozzle holes 39 formed in the inner wall 37 is formed on the central shaft 20 so as to be smaller than the cross-sectional area of the air supply passage 51, whereby the drum 2 is connected to the air supply device 50. During operation, back pressure (back pressure) is generated in the air supply gap 38 while air is blown out from each nozzle hole 39 into the processing chamber 10, and the back pressure causes the inside of the processing chamber 10. The structure is such that a processing object, moisture, and the like do not enter the air supply gap 38 from the nozzle hole 39.
[0023]
The mounting portion 40 formed on the center shaft 20 is connected to a center portion of the inner wall 37 on the inner end side, and is connected with a center portion of the outer wall 36 fitted on the outer end side. By jointly fastening with 41, the air supply gap 38 at the center of the drum 2 is formed and maintained, and the weight and impact of the processing object applied to the inner wall 37 are shared and supported via the mounting portion 40.
Accordingly, when the inner wall 37 and the outer wall 36 are assembled, the air supply gap 38 on the center portion side can be easily positioned by the attachment portion 40, and the center portion of the inner wall 37 is reinforced and supported. In addition, the rigidity of the inner wall 37 is increased with respect to the contact load with the processed material at the time of stirring to prevent deformation. Therefore, the plate thickness of the inner wall 37 and the outer wall 36 can be reduced, the weight of the drum 2 can be reduced, and energy saving operation can be performed.
[0024]
The drum 2 includes a plurality of divided air supply gaps 38 a in which an air supply gap 38 is divided into a fan shape between the inner wall 37 and the outer wall 36, and a divided air supply gap 38 a located on the lower side as the drum 2 rotates. An air distribution structure 43 comprising an air switching means 42 for distributing and supplying air is provided, and air is supplied to a processed material below in the processing chamber 10 to promote fermentation decomposition.
That is, the air supply gap 38 is divided in a fan shape by a plurality of (six in the illustrated example) partition walls 45 provided in the radial direction from the center of the bottom portion 15, so that a plurality of circumferentially divided air supply spaces are provided. A gap 38a is formed. At this time, when the both side edges of the partition wall 45 are joined to the outer wall 36 and the inner wall 37, the partition wall 45 serves as a reinforcing rib for the bottom portion 15.
[0025]
As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the air switching means 42 radially pierces a plurality of air supply passages 51a communicating with the air supply passages 51 in the inside of the mounting portion 40, and opens the openings in each of the divided air supply passages. A conical valve seat 46 is chamfered at the opening while facing the gap 38 a, and a ball 47 as a valve for opening and closing the air supply passage 51 a is installed on the valve seat 46, and an outer periphery of the mounting portion 40 is provided. And a valve guide 49 that restricts the ball 47 from falling and does not hinder ventilation.
[0026]
Thus, when the valve seat 46 faces upward, the ball 47 closes the air supply path 51a by its own weight to prevent the release of air when the valve seat 46 faces upward, and the ball 47 drops when the valve seat 46 faces downward. Since the air supply path 51a is opened, the supply of air is intensively performed toward the section air supply gap 38a located on the lower side. When the ball 47 falls and is supported by the valve guide 49 and moves upward along with the rotation of the drum 2, it is guided by the valve seat 46 to close the air supply path 51a again.
Therefore, the air supply mechanism 9 including the air switching means 42 supplies air only to the processing object located below the drum 2 without increasing the capacity of the air supply device 50.
The air switching means 42 can be inexpensive with a simple structure by opening and closing the air supply passage 51a by the weight of the ball 47 as described above. For example, it may be constituted by a valve or the like that opens and closes electrically without being performed.
[0027]
Next, the air supply mechanism 9 and the lid structure 8 will be described. First, the air supply mechanism 9 compresses outside air with a fan-type or compressor-type air supply device 50 and compresses the air into the air supply gap 38 through the supply pipe 50a, the joint 50b, the air supply path 51, and the air supply path 51a. Supply air.
An exhaust pipe 52 for sucking and discharging the air in the drum 2 is opened at a predetermined position on the inner side of the processing chamber 10 from the opening 12, that is, near the front side of the drum main body 11 at the base of the conical guide tube 13. In addition to opening the portion 52a, the exhaust side end is connected to a switching portion (intake switching device) 53 provided on the air supply side of the air supply device 50, and an intake fan type exhaust device 54 is interposed midway. I have.
[0028]
With this configuration, by switching the switching unit 53, fresh air of outside air is continuously supplied while air containing fermentation components and moisture in the drum 2 (referred to as fermentation air) is sucked and discharged into the atmosphere. While the aerobic fermentation process is being used and the supply of outside air is stopped, the fermentation air in the drum 2 is supplied to the processing chamber 10 of the drum 2 via the switching unit 53, the air supply device 50, the air supply path 51, and the like. And the mode of use of the anaerobic fermentation treatment of the processed product.
[0029]
That is, when the processed product is processed by the aerobic fermentation in FIG. 3, the outside air is introduced from the intake port 55 and is supplied to the air supply gap 38 by the air supply device 50 through the switching unit 53 and the intake pipe 56 as described above. Then, fresh air is continuously ejected and supplied from the nozzle hole 39 of the inner wall 37, and while the processing chamber 10 heated by the heater 35 is maintained in an aerobic environment, the drum 2 is rotated forward and reverse and agitated by rotation. The aerobic fermentation process is promoted by providing control.
At this time, the air that has come into contact with the processed material is cooled by contacting the upper side of the processing chamber 10, particularly, the conical inner surface of the guide cylinder 13 near the opening 12, and the moisture in the fermentation air condenses. Not only can air not be sufficiently discharged, but also condensed water drops inside. For this reason, the air in the drum 2 is forcibly sucked from the opening 52 a of the exhaust pipe 52 inserted into the processing chamber 10, and is discharged to the atmosphere from the exhaust port 57 of the switching unit 53 via the exhaust device 54. Further, since the opening 52a of the exhaust pipe 52 opens to the far side away from the lid structure 8 on the low-temperature side, the air before condensing is discharged and replaced with the external air containing a large amount of oxygen.
[0030]
On the other hand, during the anaerobic fermentation process, when the switching unit 53 is operated so that the intake port 55 and the exhaust port 57 are closed and the exhaust pipe 52 and the intake pipe 56 are communicated, the air supply mechanism 9 stops the supply of outside air and closes the circuit. The fermentation air in the processing chamber 10 discharged by the exhaust device 54 is supplied again into the processing chamber 10 by the air supply device 50 and circulated. At this time, in order to separate and collect condensed water in the circulating air as necessary, a water separator (water collecting unit) 50c is provided in the air circulation path outside the drum.
As a result, the processing chamber 10 becomes an anaerobic environment in which the supply of the outside air is cut off, and the anaerobic fermentation of the processed material is promoted by controlling the stirring rotation of the drum 2 and continuously supplying the fermentation air.
[0031]
Accordingly, the processing apparatus 1 including the air supply mechanism 9 configured as described above can easily switch and select between the aerobic fermentation processing and the anaerobic fermentation processing, and can perform processing on the processed material stored in the drum 2. Both aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation can be carried out, so that the fermentation decomposition is difficult or takes a long time with ordinary aerobic fermentation alone. Processing can be performed efficiently in a short time.
By the way, as described later, when both aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation are performed on a large amount of animal dung (about 1 ton of cow dung), good compost-like fertilizer can be obtained in a short time of about 24 hours. It could be easily manufactured.
[0032]
Next, the lid structure 8 will be described with reference to FIGS. In the lid structure 8, the outer periphery of the disk-shaped lid 60 that opens and closes the opening 12 of the drum 2 is connected to a flange 61 formed at the tip of the guide cylinder 13 via a ring-shaped seal member 62. And are slidably fitted. The lid hole opened in the lid part 60 is opened and closed by a lid 65 which can be opened and closed with the upper hinge part 63 as a fulcrum. The rotation of the lid 60 is stopped and supported by using the exhaust pipe 52 as a mounting member.
[0033]
With this configuration, the lid 60 can be opened and closed without removing the lid 60 by closing the opening 12 of the rotating drum 2 in a fixed state.
The exhaust pipe 52 of the illustrated example has an intermediate portion fixed to the front and rear cover members 11a, and the distal end side is bent and inserted from above the lid portion 60, and the mounting structure of the lid portion 60 is rigid. It has a high configuration.
[0034]
In addition, an appropriate device for deodorizing or controlling bacteria, such as an ozone lamp for generating ozone, can be provided inside the lid 60.
Reference numeral 70 denotes a control panel installed on one side of the machine base 6. The control panel 70 controls the temperature of the heater 35, controls the automatic and manual operation of the drive motor 22, controls the stirring and rotation, operates the switching unit 53, and supplies air. It controls the driving of the device 50 and the driving operation of the rotating mechanism 5.
[0035]
Reference numeral 71 denotes a drain cock for draining water from the bottom portion 15 of the drum 2. The drain cock 71 is provided on the curved portion of the outer wall 36 so that the drum 2 is leached from the processing object or in the suction gap 38 in the inclined posture of the drum 2 shown in FIG. The water that has accumulated in the bottom 15 due to the condensed water and the like and the water used for cleaning the inside of the processing chamber 10 are discharged.
Reference numerals 72 and 73 denote blades for promoting agitation of the processed material, and a plurality of blades are provided on the inner wall 32 and the inner wall 37 of the drum 2 along the spiral direction. Further, a stirrer 75 having a sharp plate-like projection protruding from the blade 72 at an appropriate interval facilitates scraping and shredding of the processed material accompanying rotation of the drum.
[0036]
Next, a description will be given of a processing mode of a processed product by the processing apparatus 1 configured as described above. In this example, about 1 ton of cow dung is treated, and first, aerobic fermentation treatment of the treated matter and composting by applying anaerobic fermentation treatment to this are described.
[0037]
First, in the storage position of the drum 2, the lid 65 of the lid 60 is opened, and the processed material is put into the processing chamber 10 through the opening 12, and the air supply switched to the aerobic fermentation processing side with the lid 65 closed. The air is supplied by the air supply device 50 of the mechanism 9. At the same time, while rotating the drum 2 by the rotation supporting mechanism 7, the rotating mechanism 5 is driven to rotate upward by rotating the rotating mechanism 5 from the accommodation position of the processed object, as shown in FIG. The aerobic fermentation processing operation is performed while maintaining the posture at a processing angle of about degrees.
The heater 35 heats the processing chamber 10 to a set temperature before the above operation.
[0038]
In the initial stage of the operation, for example, after the drum 2 repeats the forward rotation and the reverse rotation for about 5 minutes, the drum 2 is intermittently rotated so as to stop the rotation for a predetermined time of about 20 minutes. Promote processing. Next, after the above-described processing mainly involving stirring is performed, the rotation of the drum 2 is stopped, and intermittent rotation (stirring rotation control) is performed every several hours by stirring every several minutes.
[0039]
As a result, the processed material is uniformly mixed and the water is discharged outside the machine while being crushed by stirring by the rotation of the drum 2 in the early stage of the operation, and thereafter, is deposited on the lower bottom side of the processing chamber 10 when the rotation of the drum 2 is stopped. Air is intensively supplied to the processing object that has become stationary in the state by the air supply mechanism 9 and the air distribution structure 43, and a stationary ventilation process that allows air to pass through the processing object is promoted as described later.
In this example, the fermentation temperature started to decrease in about 10 hours by the above operation, and thus it was confirmed that the aerobic fermentation was almost completed in a short time.
[0040]
Next, after performing the aerobic fermentation treatment as described above, the anaerobic fermentation treatment is performed to promote composting so as to obtain a higher quality fertilizer.
That is, when the fermentation temperature of the processed product starts to decrease after a predetermined time after the aerobic fermentation process is substantially completed, the heater 35 heating the processing chamber 10 is turned off, and the switching unit 53 is operated to operate the air supply mechanism. 9 is closed. By this operation, the processing chamber 10 stops heating the processing object, shuts off the supply of the outside air, and circulates the air in the processing chamber 10 to create an anaerobic environment.
[0041]
Then, under this anaerobic environment, it is possible to select a stirring and rotating process (turning back) of the drum 2 or a process in a stationary state, so that the processed product once subjected to the aerobic fermentation process is subjected to the anaerobic fermentation process and then homogenized. Decomposes into a processed mass.
At this time, a part of the moisture contained in the fermentation air circulating in the pipeline is condensed and collected by the water collecting part 50c installed in the air supply mechanism 9, and the processed material is agglomerated into clay, Also in this case, the back pressure in the air supply gap 38 acts to push back the processed material or water that is going to enter from the nozzle hole 39, so that the nozzle hole 39 is clogged and the intrusion into the air supply gap 38 is prevented. To prevent.
According to the anaerobic fermentation treatment as described above, clay-like agglomeration of the processed product was recognized in about 10 hours, and the anaerobic fermentation treatment could be completed in a relatively short time.
[0042]
Next, after performing the anaerobic fermentation process, the heater 35 is turned on again, the switching unit 53 is operated, and the processed material is dried in the same manner as in the aerobic fermentation process, and then discharged outside the machine. Thus, a series of fermentation processes of the processed product is completed.
In this case, a large amount of water contained in the paste-like processed material is dried by the stirring rotation, the heating and the exhaust, so that it is possible to finish the dried compost in about 3 to 4 hours. Next, the drum 2 is tilted downward by the rotating mechanism 5, the lid 65 is opened, and the processed material is discharged.
Therefore, according to the processing apparatus 1 of the present invention, switching between the aerobic fermentation process and the anaerobic fermentation process can be easily performed, and both the aerobic bacteria and the anaerobic microorganisms act on the processed product to perform the fermentation process. And that high quality composting can be performed in a short time.
[0043]
In the fermentation treatment as described above, the stirring and rotation control of the drum 2 and the temperature control in the treatment chamber 10 and the setting of the time of the aerobic fermentation treatment and the anaerobic fermentation treatment are carried out in accordance with the state, properties and quantity of the treated material. The operation mode and timing suitable for such conditions are selected.
When the drum 2 is rotated at the stirring angle shown in FIG. 3 or a gentle stirring angle smaller than that, the processed material can be uniformly stirred and mixed in a relatively short time. An aerobic fermentation is performed while supplying air from the bottom portion 15 side to the treated product in the state and bringing the treated product into contact with the processed material, thereby promoting the removal of water by stirring.
[0044]
After that, when the drum 2 is changed in attitude to the above-mentioned stirring angle or a steep stirring angle or more and stops the rotation of the drum, the processed material is sequentially deposited on the bottom 15 side as shown by a deposition line W shown by a dotted line in FIG. I do.
Here, air is intensively supplied from the nozzle holes 39 of the sectioned air supply gap 38a located below to the processed material that is stationary below the drum 2, so that the stationary ventilation processing is performed in an aerobic environment. Done under the umbrella.
[0045]
Therefore, in the fermentation treatment of the processed material, the drum 2 is not frequently rotated while stirring, unlike the conventional one, and the drum 2 is kept at the stirring angle, that is, the stationary ventilation angle, while the rotation of the drum 2 is stopped exclusively. Since the static aeration treatment is performed to supply air intensively into the treated material, air is passed through the inside of the treated material from the bottom upward while contacting it, activating the growth of microorganisms and promoting the fermentation process. There are features such as low running cost by reducing the rotational driving of the drum 2 and economical energy saving operation.
[0046]
As described above, the stationary ventilation process performed in a state where the rotation of the drum 2 is stopped is such that when the drum 2 is in a state of standing upright and stopped in a substantially vertical posture, the processed material is deposited on the entire inner wall 37 of the bottom portion 15. In this case, the ball 47 is separated from the nozzle hole 39 of substantially the entire circumference by its own weight by the air distribution structure 43 in this case, and the air can be automatically supplied to the processing object.
When the valve of the water collecting part 50c is opened with the drum 2 in the standing posture, the water accumulated in the outer wall 36 can be easily discharged by using the air supply path 51 as a drainage path, The inside of the processing chamber 10 can be easily washed with water.
[0047]
Further, in the above treatment, particularly when treating a processed material such as garbage with a large amount of water, for example, it is also possible to use a carrier in which fermentation bacteria such as thermophilic bacteria are implanted on a wood chip having good water absorption. it can. In this case, since the water evaporates at a high temperature while absorbing and retaining the water in the carrier, it is possible to perform a fermentation treatment in which generation of a large amount of water and a bad odor is suppressed. Also in this case, the drum 2 is stirred for a short time as if turning back the compost, so that it is possible to prevent the activation and activation of the thermophilic bacterium caused by stirring the treated material for a long time, and to prevent the drum 2 from rotating. The fermentation process can be completed and reduced in volume by repeating the static aeration process performed in the rotation stop state of No. 2 an appropriate number of times.
[0048]
In the illustrated processing apparatus 1, the air supply gap 38 having the nozzle hole 39 only on the bottom portion 15 side is formed. However, when air is also ejected from the inner wall 32 of the drum main body 11, the nozzle hole is formed in the inner wall 32. The nozzle hole and the air supply gap 38 can be communicated with each other.
When the center shaft 20 is supported without being supported by the metal portion 19, the supply pipe 50a may be connected to the center of the outer wall 36 or the air supply passage 51 formed in the mounting portion 40 via a joint 50b. it can. The means for performing the aerobic fermentation treatment and the anaerobic fermentation treatment for the above-mentioned processed material is not limited to the drum-rotating type treatment device 1 as shown in the illustrated example, but may be used for a conventional organic matter fermentation treatment device. it can.
[0049]
【The invention's effect】
The organic matter fermentation treatment apparatus according to the present invention has the following effects by being configured as described above.
The drum containing the processed material is agitated, rotated and stopped while supplying air through an air supply path to an air supply gap formed by an outer wall at the bottom and an inner wall having a nozzle hole. The fermentation process can be promoted by supplying air into the processing chamber from the bottom side and bringing the processed material into contact with the processed material, and supplying air through the deposited processed material.
Further, since the air supply path is provided at the center of the air supply gap, air can be supplied from the air supply device with a simple configuration.
[0050]
In addition, by joining the inner wall to the tip of the central shaft that forms the air supply passage, the air supply gap between the inner wall and the outer wall at the center can be easily formed. Can be
[0051]
Forming a plurality of partitioned air supply gaps in a circumferential direction by a partition wall in an air supply gap formed by an outer wall and an inner wall, and supplying air into the partitioned air supply gap located below with rotation of the drum; Accordingly, air can be supplied also to the inside of the processing object which is located below the drum and closes the nozzle hole in the above-mentioned section air supply gap.
[0052]
At this time, air switching means for supplying air downward is provided at the end of the central shaft facing the air supply gap, and the air is intensively supplied into the section air supply gap located below as the drum rotates. Thereby, air can be supplied to the processed material located below the drum to accelerate the fermentation process, and the ejected air can prevent clogging of the nozzle holes in the compartment air supply gap.
Further, since the air supply gap and the central shaft are used, the air switching means can be simply configured, and a device which does not require a large-capacity air supply device can be manufactured compactly.
[0053]
In addition, the drum is rotatable up and down with respect to the machine base to rotate the drum at a gentle inclination to promote the agitation processing of the processed material, and to perform fermentation processing in which the drum is stationary at a steep inclination. Facilitate. Further, the switching between the two processing postures can be easily performed.
[0054]
In addition, the end of the exhaust pipe that sucks and discharges air inside the processing chamber is inserted from the opening side of the drum and is opened at a predetermined position. Before the stagnation state is reached, the fermentation treatment of the processed product is promoted by suction and discharge from the opening of the exhaust pipe.
[0055]
The processing device provided with a switching unit that connects the exhaust side end of the exhaust pipe provided on the drum to the air supply side of the air supply device in a switchable manner includes an aerobic fermentation process performed by supplying outside air, The anaerobic fermentation process can be selected by shutting off the air and circulating the air in the processing chamber. The cost can be reduced.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side view showing the overall configuration of a fermentation treatment apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a front view of FIG.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a drum and a main part of FIG.
FIG. 4 is a rear view showing the configuration of the bottom of the drum.
FIG. 5 is a side sectional view showing a configuration of the air switching means of FIG. 4;
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Fermentation processing equipment (processing equipment)
2 drums
3 Drum frame
4 Rotation axis
5 Rotation mechanism
6 units
7 Rotation support mechanism
8 Lid structure
9 Air supply mechanism
11 Drum body
13 Guide tube
15 Bottom
20 center axis
36 Exterior Wall
37 Inner wall
38 Supply gap
38a Division air supply gap
39 Nozzle hole
40 Mounting part
45 partition wall
50 Air supply device
50a supply pipe
51 Air supply path
52 Exhaust pipe
53 Switching unit
54 Exhaust fan (exhaust device)

Claims (7)

ドラムフレーム(3)に回転自在に支持され処理物を出し入れ可能に収容するドラム(2)と、該ドラム(2)の底部(15)にドラム回転の中心となる中心軸(20)を設けたものにおいて、ドラム(2)の底部(15)に外壁(36)とノズル孔(39)を穿設した内壁(37)とを設けて給気間隙(38)を形成し、上記中心軸(20)に内端側が給気間隙(38)内に、外端側がエア供給装置(50)に各連通するエア供給路(51)を設けてなる有機物の醗酵処理装置。A drum (2) rotatably supported by a drum frame (3) and accommodating a processed product so as to be taken in and out, and a center shaft (20) serving as a center of rotation of the drum are provided at a bottom (15) of the drum (2). In the apparatus, an outer wall (36) and an inner wall (37) having a nozzle hole (39) are provided at the bottom (15) of the drum (2) to form an air supply gap (38), and the center shaft (20) is formed. ), An organic fermentation treatment apparatus comprising an air supply passage (51) having an inner end provided in an air supply gap (38) and an outer end provided with an air supply device (50). エア供給路(51)を形成した中心軸(20)の先端部に、内壁(37)を接合させて給気間隙(38)を形成する請求項1の有機物の醗酵処理装置。The organic matter fermentation treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an inner wall (37) is joined to a front end of the central shaft (20) having the air supply passage (51) to form an air supply gap (38). 外壁(36)と内壁(37)で形成される給気間隙(38)を、中心部から放射方向に設けた複数の仕切壁(45)によって周方向に仕切ることにより区画給気間隙(38a)を形成し、ドラム(2)の回転に伴い下方側に位置した区画給気間隙(38a)内にエアを供給する請求項1又は2の有機物の醗酵処理装置。The partition air supply gap (38a) is formed by dividing the air supply gap (38) formed by the outer wall (36) and the inner wall (37) in the circumferential direction by a plurality of partition walls (45) provided radially from the center. The organic matter fermentation treatment apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein air is supplied into a compartment air supply gap (38a) located below as the drum (2) rotates. 給気間隙(38)に臨む中心軸(20)の先端部に、エアを下方側に供給するエア切換手段(42)を設けた請求項1又は2又は3の有機物の醗酵処理装置。4. The organic matter fermentation treatment apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an air switching means (42) for supplying air to a lower side at a front end of the central shaft (20) facing the air supply gap (38). ドラム(2)を機台(6)に対し上下揺動回動可能に設けた請求項1又は2又は3又は4の有機物の醗酵処理装置。5. The organic fermentation treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the drum (2) is provided so as to be vertically swingable with respect to the machine base (6). ドラム(2)内のエアを吸引排出する排気管(52)の端部を、ドラム開口部(12)側より挿入し所定位置で開口させてなる請求項1又は2又は3又4又は5の有機物の醗酵処理装置。6. An exhaust pipe (52) for sucking and discharging air from a drum (2) is inserted from a side of a drum opening (12) and opened at a predetermined position. Organic fermentation processing equipment. 処理物の嫌気性醗酵処理時に、排気管(52)の排気側端部をエア供給装置(50)の給気側に切換可能に接続する切換部(53)を設けてなる請求項1又は2又は3又4又は5又は6の有機物の醗酵処理装置。3. A switching unit (53) for switchably connecting an exhaust side end of an exhaust pipe (52) to an air supply side of an air supply device (50) during an anaerobic fermentation treatment of a processed product. Or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 organic matter fermentation apparatus.
JP2002269536A 2002-09-17 2002-09-17 Fermentation treatment apparatus for organic matter Pending JP2004105823A (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7161893B2 (en) 2001-08-28 2007-01-09 Tdk Corporation Stamper for fabrication of optical recording medium, method of forming information recording area and light transmissive layer, and optical recording medium
JP2008540086A (en) * 2005-05-05 2008-11-20 エステック、リミテッド、ライアビリティー、カンパニー Waste treatment apparatus and method
KR102107590B1 (en) * 2019-11-14 2020-05-28 주식회사 평강비아이엠 A door system for composting apparatus using organic waste
CN114958518A (en) * 2022-06-21 2022-08-30 四川东柳醪糟有限责任公司 Efficient cooling and yeast feeding device and method for fermented glutinous rice production
CN116730573A (en) * 2023-05-20 2023-09-12 湖北天湖蛋禽股份有限公司 Dirty anaerobic fermentation device of duck field excrement

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7161893B2 (en) 2001-08-28 2007-01-09 Tdk Corporation Stamper for fabrication of optical recording medium, method of forming information recording area and light transmissive layer, and optical recording medium
JP2008540086A (en) * 2005-05-05 2008-11-20 エステック、リミテッド、ライアビリティー、カンパニー Waste treatment apparatus and method
KR102107590B1 (en) * 2019-11-14 2020-05-28 주식회사 평강비아이엠 A door system for composting apparatus using organic waste
CN114958518A (en) * 2022-06-21 2022-08-30 四川东柳醪糟有限责任公司 Efficient cooling and yeast feeding device and method for fermented glutinous rice production
CN116730573A (en) * 2023-05-20 2023-09-12 湖北天湖蛋禽股份有限公司 Dirty anaerobic fermentation device of duck field excrement
CN116730573B (en) * 2023-05-20 2024-01-19 湖北天湖蛋禽股份有限公司 Dirty anaerobic fermentation device of duck field excrement

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