JP2004085094A - Incinerator - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an incinerator having a function for realizing a stable combustion control by automatically correcting an optimum main burning position or burnout position without correcting the imaging range of a camera even when shifting the imaging range of the camera. <P>SOLUTION: This incinerator has at least two marks set on the furnace wall within the imaging range of the camera, a means for detecting the slippage of the imaging range from its normal position by the marks, and a means for correcting and calculating the main burning position or burnout position of a burning material in the incinerator from the slippage. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an incinerator, and more particularly, to an incinerator having a function of realizing stable combustion control by automatically correcting an optimal main combustion position and a burn-out position.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Garbage collected for incineration in a garbage incinerator is thrown into the garbage hopper at intervals of several tens of minutes by a garbage crane, and sent into the incinerator by a pusher at the bottom of the hopper. In the furnace, the refuse is dried and burned while being transported on the grate, and is eventually discharged as ash outside the furnace.
[0003]
The exhaust gas generated by the combustion of the refuse is heated after the boiler water is heated by a heat exchanger provided at the furnace outlet and then exhausted. The furnace temperature is measured above the middle part of the grate to grasp and control the combustion state in the furnace, and the furnace outlet temperature is measured just before the heat exchanger.
[0004]
In order to maintain the combustion state in the furnace, air superheated to about 50 to 200 ° C. (referred to as “combustion air”) is supplied from an air inlet under a grate divided in a conveying direction, to a drying stage, a combustion stage, and a post-combustion stage. It is blown into each of the steps. The total flow rate of the combustion air is controlled, and the amount of combustion air to each stage is adjusted by the degree of opening of a sub-grate damper installed below each stage of the grate. The opening degree of the damper is controlled based on the thickness of dust on each grate, the combustion state in the furnace, and the like. An air preheater is provided before the pipe branches to each of the injection ports, and the combustion air is sent under the grate after the temperature is adjusted by the air preheater.
[0005]
In the control of refuse combustion, it is important to control the main combustion position and the burnout position. As the main combustion position moves forward and backward, the combustion state not only in the furnace but also in the secondary combustion chamber changes significantly. The burnout position is also important for eliminating unburned portions. In the automatic combustion control of the incinerator, arithmetic processing is performed on the in-furnace image taken by the camera, and the main combustion position and burn-out position are automatically recognized, so that the optimal main combustion position and burn-out position are obtained. Control of the grate speed, the opening of the damper under the grate, and the like is performed.
[0006]
As described above, in the conventional refuse combustion control, good combustion is maintained by photographing the inside of the furnace with a camera and controlling the main combustion position and the burn-off position based on the photographed image.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, for some reason, for example, a shift may occur in the shooting range when cleaning or inspecting the camera, etc., and if the shift is left unchecked, appropriate combustion control of the main combustion position and the burn-off point is performed. Becomes difficult. Therefore, when the displacement occurs, the photographing range of the camera is corrected by a human, but it is difficult to correct the photographing range to the exact position originally set by the human. For example, even if an attempt is made to match the predetermined position of the image with the ash fall position, it is difficult to identify the ash fall opening position because it is dark and the ash thickness on the grate fluctuates. Was difficult.
[0008]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and even if a shift occurs in the shooting range of the camera, without correcting the shooting range of the camera, the optimal main combustion position and burn-out position can be set. It is an object of the present invention to provide an incinerator having a function of automatically correcting and achieving stable combustion control.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems, at least two marks installed on the furnace wall within the imaging range of the camera, and means for detecting the amount of deviation from the normal position of the imaging range of the camera by the mark, Means for correcting and calculating the main combustion position or the burn-out position of the incineration material in the incinerator from the deviation amount.
[0010]
Even if there are some deviations in the in-furnace camera shooting range, the marks should be installed in at least two places within the shooting range. This is because, in the case of a single installation, if the mark is rotated around the mark, no deviation can be detected. In a stoker type furnace, since the camera usually takes an image of the inside of the furnace from the ash dropping port side, a mark is installed near the upper part of the post-combustion stage where there is no obstacle between the camera and the mark such as dust and flame.
[0011]
An image processing device is used as a camera photographing position shift detecting unit. First, at the time of initial setting, the position of the mark on the image matrix is stored in the storage device of the image processing apparatus. During the operation of the incinerator, the displacement detection means compares the position of the mark on the image matrix at the time of the initial setting with the position of the mark on the current image matrix, and constantly checks whether or not a displacement has occurred. If a shift occurs, the optimal main combustion position and burn-out position are changed. At the time of initial setting, the main combustion position and burn-out position on the image matrix are stored in the storage device, and the optimal main combustion position and burn-out position are corrected according to the amount of deviation of the mark position, and the positions are stored in the storage device. To memorize. After the correction, the position of the mark after the displacement is set as the initial setting position, and the presence or absence of the occurrence of the displacement is continuously checked.
[0012]
By correcting the optimal main combustion position and burn-out position, stable combustion can always be realized in the incinerator that controls the main combustion position and burn-out position.
[0013]
According to the present invention, in the incinerator according to the above-described invention, the mark is an incinerator that is a luminous body.
[0014]
The luminous body emits light using energy such as electricity, and can always be recognized by a camera. In an incinerator, since the brightness of the flame is high, even if a mark is made on the furnace wall with paint or the like, it cannot be usually captured by a camera. By using a light emitting body as a mark, it is possible to easily recognize the mark with a camera.
[0015]
Further, the present invention provides the incinerator according to the above-described invention, further comprising a gas purging means for cooling the luminous body.
[0016]
The vicinity of the upper part of the post-combustion stage is hot and ash is scattered. By purging with a gas, the luminous body can be cooled and adhesion of the clinker can be prevented, and can be always recognized by the camera.
[0017]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a structure of an incinerator according to the present invention.
[0018]
The refuse incinerator 1 is provided with a refuse input port 2, a dust supply device 3, a grate 4, and an ash drop port 5. The refuse introduced from the refuse inlet 2 accumulates on the dust supply device 3 and is supplied onto the grate 4 in accordance with the operation of the dust supply drive device 3a. The grate 4 is conveyed while the refuse is loaded by the grate speed driving device 4a, and the refuse is dried by blowing the combustion air 6 supplied from the lower part of the grate 4 during the conveyance, and the refuse is burned. Decomposed into exhaust gas and ash. The ash falls from the ash drop 5 and is discharged out of the furnace. The blowing amount of the combustion air is adjusted by the combustion air flow adjustment damper 14.
[0019]
On the other hand, the combustion exhaust gas is guided from the furnace outlet 7 to the chimney 8 and discharged out of the furnace. A boiler 9b having a heat exchanger 9a is installed at a furnace outlet 7 from which exhaust gas is discharged. Cooling air is blown from a cooling air blow-in port 10 by a cooling air blower 11, thereby completely burning unburned components in the combustion gas and preventing an excessive rise in the temperature of the furnace wall.
[0020]
As measuring devices for performing combustion control, a thermometer 12 for measuring a furnace outlet temperature in exhaust gas, a steam flow meter 13 for measuring an evaporation amount, and the like are provided. Further, an industrial camera 15 for monitoring the inside of the furnace is installed, and the image processing device 16 measures the burn-off point of the grate from the captured image. Based on these measured values, the speed of the grate 4, the amount of combustion air, the amount of cooling air, and the like are automatically adjusted by the control device 17 to maintain stable combustion. For example, a computer is used as the control device 17.
[0021]
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the post-incineration stage of the incinerator as viewed from the ash drop opening side.
[0022]
Marks 18 are provided one by one at symmetrical positions with respect to the furnace width direction. In the case of the stoker type furnace, it is desirable that the mark 18 is installed near the grate at the upper part of the post-combustion stage. However, if it is too low, the mark 18 may be hidden by ash or incineration residue. Therefore, it is installed at a position higher than the thickest ash and incineration residue expected in the post-combustion stage. The mark 18 is made of a luminous body and has a luminance that can be recognized by the camera in the incinerator operating state. The mark 18 is supplied with electricity from a mark power supply 19. The air purge 20 can prevent the clinker from adhering by purging scattered ash with gas while preventing the mark 18 from burning.
[0023]
Next, a method of recognizing a shift will be described.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating captured images before and after the occurrence of a mark shift. The flame 25 with high luminance and the flame 26 with low luminance are image-processed and displayed, and the mark 18a before the shift and the mark 18b after the shift are displayed on the same screen.
[0024]
The image processing device 16 recognizes the position of the mark 18a on the matrix of the image information, and stores it as a default value in a storage device in the image processing device 16. The coordinates of the two marks 18a at the time of the initial setting are (j, i) and (k, i). When the coordinates of the mark 18b move as (j + x1, i + y1) or (k + x2, i + y2) during the operation of the incinerator, the image processing device 16 recognizes that a deviation has occurred, A signal for correcting the burn-off point is sent, and the control means 17 calculates the correction of the optimum main combustion point and burn-off point.
[0025]
Subsequently, a method for correcting the displacement will be described.
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a captured image when a shift has occurred. In FIG. 4, the coordinates of the mark 18b are changed to (j + x1, i + y1) and (k + x2, i + y2). In the photographed image, the optimum main combustion position and the optimum burn-off position are calculated by the image processing device 16, and are displayed as straight lines in FIG.
[0026]
Here, the optimum main combustion position refers to the coordinates of two points where a straight line representing the boundary between the flame 25 and the flame 26 intersects the straight line of X = 0 and X = M. Are the coordinates of two points at which the straight line representing the boundary of X intersects the straight line of X = 0 and X = M.
[0027]
In FIG. 4, the optimal main combustion positions on the image information matrix are represented as (0, y1bs) and (M, y2bs), and the optimal burn-off positions are represented as (0, y1bm) and (M, y2bm). However, this position is not a correct position due to a camera shift. If corrected correctly, the optimal main combustion position must be expressed as (0, y1as) and (M, y2as), and the optimal burn-off position as (0, y1am) and (M, y2am), as shown in FIG. Must.
[0028]
The coordinates of the marks 18a installed at the two positions before the displacement are (j, i) and (k, i). The left and right ends X = 0 and M of Y of the straight line image matrix connecting the marks 18a installed at the two positions before the displacement are Y = i when X = 0, and Y = X when X = M. i.
[0029]
The coordinates of the two marks 18b after the displacement are (j + x1, i + y1) and (k + x2, i + y2). The values of Y when both the left and right ends X = 0 and X = M of the linear image matrix connecting the two marks 18b after the displacement are obtained by the equations (1) and (2).
[0030]
When X = 0 and Y = m0a,
m0a = ((i + y1)-(i + y2)) / (j + x1- (k + x2)) * (0- (j + x1)) + (i + y1) (1)
When X = M and Y = mMa,
mMa = ((i + y1)-(i + y2)) / (j + x1- (k + x2)) × (M− (j + x1)) + (i + y1) (2)
Using the m0a and mMa, the Y-coordinate values of the optimum main combustion position and burn-out position are corrected.
[0031]
Assuming that the main combustion position correction coefficient is RS, the Y-coordinate value of the main combustion position after the correction is obtained by Expressions (3) and (4). Note that the main combustion position correction coefficient RS is a coefficient for converting the displacement of the mark 18 into an optimum main combustion position, and is a preset value.
[0032]
y1as = RS × (m0a-i) + y1bs (3)
y2as = RS × (mMa-i) + y2bs (4)
From the equations (3) and (4), the optimum main combustion position after the occurrence of the camera position shift is obtained as (0, y1as) and (M, y2as).
[0033]
Assuming that the coefficient for correcting the burn-off position is RM, the Y-coordinate value of the corrected burn-off position is obtained by the formulas (5) and (6). The burn-out position correction coefficient RM is a coefficient for converting the displacement of the mark 18 into the burn-out position, and is a preset value.
[0034]
y1am = RM × (m0a-i) + y1bm (5)
y2am = RM × (mMa-i) + y2bm (6)
From the equations (5) and (6), the optimal burn-off positions after the occurrence of the camera position shift are obtained as (0, y1am) and (M, y2am).
[0035]
The corrected main combustion optimum position and burn-off point optimum position are used by the control device 17, and control is performed based on these. The corrected optimal main combustion position and burnout position are stored in the storage device.
[0036]
In the present embodiment, two marks are provided, but the present invention is not limited to this embodiment, and two or more marks are provided and an appropriate two of them are selected and used. You may. Further, in the present embodiment, the displacement in the plane (two-dimensional) is treated, but it may be configured to correct for the three-dimensional displacement.
[0037]
【The invention's effect】
By using the incinerator of the present invention, even if the shooting range of the camera used for controlling the combustion of the furnace is deviated, without correcting the shooting range of the camera, the optimal main combustion position and burn-out position. Can be automatically corrected to realize stable combustion control.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the structure of an incinerator according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a post-incineration stage of an incinerator as viewed from an ash drop opening side.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing captured images before and after occurrence of a mark shift;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a captured image when a shift has occurred.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a captured image when a shift has been corrected.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Incinerator 4 ... Grate 5 ... Ash fall port 15 ... Camera 16 ... Image processing apparatus 17 ... Control apparatus 18 ... Mark 20 ... Air purge

Claims (3)

In an incinerator having a camera that monitors the inside of the furnace,
At least two marks installed on the furnace wall within the imaging range of the camera,
Means for detecting the amount of deviation from the normal position of the shooting range of the camera by the mark,
Means for correcting and calculating a main combustion position or a burn-out position of the incineration material in the incinerator from the deviation amount. The incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the mark is a luminous body. 3. The incinerator according to claim 2, further comprising a gas purge unit for cooling the luminous body.

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