JP2003321881A - Building - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a building which exhibits excellent heat insulating performance, achieves comfortable indoor environment, and eliminates occurring of condensation and growth of mold from the interior of a wall, etc., to the utmost extent. <P>SOLUTION: The building has an outer wall 1, an indoor plate 2, and an intermediate partition wall 3 interposed therebetween, and therefore a wall structure of the building consists of an outside hollow portion 4 and an inside hollow portion 5 defined on both sides of the intermediate partition wall 3. According to a floor structure of the building, an inside hollow portion 5 is defined by a floor plate 23 and a platform 24. The inside hollow portion 5 of the floor and the inside hollow portion 5 of the wall communicate with each other, and they communicate with the interior of a room via an indoor air duct 25. An attic of the building has an attic duct 26 as a hollow portion inside the roof, and the attic duct 26 is connected to the inside hollow portion 5 of the wall. In this manner, the inside hollow portion 5 communicates with the attic duct 25, for circulating air, whereby air in the inside hollow portion 5 is supplied to the interior of the room by the indoor air duct 25. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a skeleton structure such as walls, floors and roofs that constitute a skeleton of a building.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A conventional wall structure of a building has a structure in which a heat insulating material is arranged between an outer wall and an inner wall. It is difficult for this wall structure to achieve sufficient heat insulation properties. Especially,
If hot air in the summer or cold air in the winter enters the hollow portion between the outer wall and the inner wall, it becomes extremely difficult to achieve effective heat insulating properties. The hollow portion between the outer wall and the inner wall has a completely closed structure, so that the heat insulating property of the wall can be improved. However, it is extremely difficult to make the hollow part a completely closed structure in reality.
For example, in a wooden structure with a frame structure, since there are columns and beams in the hollow portion, it is extremely difficult to completely close the hollow portion formed between the columns above and below the wall. Further, if the hollow part is completely closed, the air here will not be ventilated, and mold will be generated, resulting in unsanitary conditions, and dew condensation will easily cause corrosion.

Further, the conventional building cannot eliminate the harmful effects of the heat insulating material. This is because a heat insulating material such as glass fiber is arranged outside the inner wall. The glass fibers arranged here become extremely fine fiber scraps, pass through the gaps in the inner wall, and enter the room. The glass fiber is widely used as a heat insulating material for buildings because it has extremely excellent heat insulating properties and is extremely low in cost. However, since the glass fiber is a collection of fine inflexible inorganic fibers, the generation of fine fiber waste cannot be ruled out. For this reason, it is impossible to prevent the invasion of the room through the inner wall. To make matters worse, since the buildings in recent years are extremely airtight, the fine glass fibers that have entered the room are stagnated in the air in the room and are not discharged to the outside, thereby deteriorating the indoor environment.

Furthermore, as a building that effectively utilizes the thermal energy of the entire building, a system house has been developed which circulates air in the intermediate portion between the inner wall and the outer wall. In this building, the hollow part provided on the wall is also used as a duct for passing air. The duct in the hollow portion can circulate the indoor air up and down to reduce the temperature difference between the upper and lower parts of the room. However, in the building having this structure, since the glass fibers are arranged in the hollow portion used for the duct, the harmful effect of the glass fibers being scattered into the air becomes more remarkable. In order to avoid this adverse effect, the heat insulating material in the hollow portion cannot be removed. This is because the heat insulating properties of the wall are significantly reduced.

[0005]

The present inventor has developed a wall structure in which the hollow portion is filled with wood chips obtained by crushing the cedar wood into small pieces for the purpose of eliminating this drawback. In this wall structure, since wood chips are used as a heat insulating material instead of glass fibers, it is possible to eliminate the drawback that fine glass fibers are scattered in the room. However, a wall structure that uses wood chips as a heat insulating material requires more work to construct than a glass fiber,
There is a drawback that the construction cost becomes extremely high. In addition, there is a drawback that it is difficult to realize the heat insulating property comparable to that of glass fiber.

Instead of glass fiber, a heat insulating material formed by foaming a synthetic resin is also used. In this heat insulating material, fine fibers do not scatter. Also, since it can be molded into a plate shape, it has the advantage that it can be installed more efficiently than wood chips.
However, compared with glass fiber and wood chips, the heat insulating material made of synthetic resin foam has a drawback that it easily emits harmful gas in the event of a fire. For this reason, there is a drawback that it is difficult to make the room a safer environment in case of a fire.

The present invention has been developed for the purpose of solving this drawback, and it is possible to realize an extremely excellent heat insulating property and to make the indoor environment an ideal comfortable and comfortable environment. It is to provide a building that can be efficiently constructed by using an inexpensive heat insulating material. Still another important object of the present invention is to provide a building in which the dew condensation and mold generated inside the walls and the like can be minimized and the interior can be made a comfortable environment.

[0008]

In the building of the present invention, an intermediate partition wall 3 is provided between an outer wall 1 located on the outdoor side and an indoor plate 2 located on the indoor side of the building, and the outer wall 1 and the intermediate partition are provided. The outdoor side hollow portion 4 is provided between the wall 3 and the indoor side hollow portion 5 between the intermediate partition wall 3 and the indoor plate 2. Furthermore, the floor structure of the building is the floorboard 2 on the indoor side.
3 and the platform 24 provided on the underside of the floor, a room-side hollow portion 5 is provided with a gap provided therebetween. The inner hollow part 5 of the wall and the inner hollow part 5 of the floor communicate with each other,
The indoor side hollow portion 5 provided on the wall or floor is connected to the room through the indoor ventilation duct 25. Further, an attic duct 26, which is a hollow portion on the indoor side of the roof, is provided in the attic of the building.
Is connected to the inner hollow portion 5 of the wall. The indoor hollow portion 5 provided on the wall and the floor and the ceiling behind duct 26 which is the indoor hollow portion of the roof provided on the attic are connected to each other so that air can be circulated. Air is supplied to the room through the indoor ventilation duct 25.

A filter medium 40 made of barley stone, diatomaceous earth, activated carbon or the like is disposed in the passage of the air that passes through the indoor ventilation duct 25 and flows into the room, and the air filtered by the filter medium 40 flows into the room. It can also be a structure. These filter materials 4
0 can be replaced inside the indoor ventilation duct 25,
Alternatively, it is arranged in the hollow portion on the indoor side.

The building has a hollow portion 4 on the outdoor side provided on the roof.
It is possible to circulate the warm air accumulated in the upper part of the inside of the inner hollow part 5 of the wall by the circulation fan 33. In this building, the circulation fan 33 circulates the air heated on the roof to the indoor-side hollow portion 3 of the wall, and the heat of the roof can be effectively used for heating the building.

Further, in the building of the present invention, the upper portion of the outdoor side hollow portion 4 provided on the roof is connected to the ridge exhaust duct 28, and the air above the outdoor side hollow portion 4 is connected to the building exhaust duct 28. You can also exhaust it outside to keep it cool in the summer.

Further, in the building, an exhaust fan 2 capable of controlling exhaust gas is provided in an in-ceiling duct 26 which is a hollow portion on the indoor side of the roof.
9 are connected to each other, and the exhaust fan 29 exhausts the air in the ceiling back duct 26, which is a hollow portion on the indoor side of the roof, to the outside of the building to cool the building in summer.

Further, the building according to the present invention includes an indoor plate 2
And the intermediate partition wall 3 to penetrate indoor air into the outdoor hollow portion 4
An outdoor ventilation duct 31 for exhausting air can be provided.
In addition, the building of the present invention includes an indoor plate 2 and an intermediate partition wall 3.
An outdoor ventilation duct 32 for exhausting indoor air to the outside of the building may be provided by penetrating the outer wall 1 and the outer wall 1.

Further, in the building of the present invention, the lower portion of the indoor hollow portion 5 of the wall and the outdoor hollow portion 4 are connected by the suction port 30, or the indoor hollow portion 5 of the wall and the outside of the building are connected by the suction port 30. The air in the outdoor side hollow portion 4 and the air outside the building can be supplied to the indoor side hollow portion 5 by connecting and passing through the suction port 30. Further, in the building, the indoor hollow portion 5 of the floor and the underfloor portion may be connected to each other via the suction port 30, and the underfloor air may be supplied to the indoor hollow portion 5 via the suction port 30.

Furthermore, in the building, the intermediate partition wall 3 of the wall can be made of wood such as cedar, and the heat insulating material 8 can be provided between the intermediate partition wall 3 and the outer wall 1.

[0016]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. However, the examples described below exemplify a building for embodying the technical idea of the present invention, and the present invention does not specify the building to the following.

Further, in this specification, in order to facilitate understanding of the claims, the numbers corresponding to the members shown in the embodiments are referred to as "claims column" and "to solve the problems." It is added to the members shown in "Means column". However, the members shown in the claims are not limited to the members of the embodiment.

The building shown in FIG. 1 has a wall structure, a floor structure and a roof structure which can be ventilated as follows. The wall structure has an intermediate partition wall 3 between an outer wall 1 located on the outdoor side of the building and an indoor plate 2 located on the indoor side of the building. Furthermore, in the wall structure, the outdoor side hollow portion 4 is provided between the outer wall 1 and the intermediate partition wall 3, and the indoor side hollow portion 5 is provided between the intermediate partition wall 3 and the indoor plate 2. The outdoor side hollow portion 4 has a structure in which the upper end portion and the lower end portion can be ventilated to the outside of the building so that the outside air can be ventilated.

Further, the floor structure of the building is the floorboard 2 on the indoor side.
3 and the platform 24 provided on the underside of the floor, a room-side hollow portion 5 is provided with a gap provided therebetween. The interior hollow part 5 of the wall and the interior hollow part 5 of the floor communicate with each other.
The indoor hollow portion 5 of the wall or floor is connected to the room via the indoor ventilation duct 25. The indoor ventilation duct 25 may be provided with a filtering material 40 such as barley stone, diatomaceous earth, and activated carbon so that the air can be filtered and flowed into the room. These filter media 40 are arranged in the opening or inside of the indoor ventilation duct 25 or in the indoor hollow part so that they can be replaced.

Furthermore, an attic duct 26 which is a hollow portion on the indoor side of the roof is provided in the attic of the building. The ceiling back duct 26, which is the indoor hollow portion of the roof, which is the indoor hollow portion, is connected to the indoor hollow portion 5 of the wall. The indoor hollow portion 5 provided on the wall and the floor and the ceiling back duct 26, which is the indoor hollow portion of the roof provided on the attic, are connected to each other so that air can be circulated.

The building of this structure controls the circulation state of air in summer and winter, or in other words, when it is hot and cold to make the indoor environment comfortable. FIG. 2 shows a state in which air is circulated through the outdoor hollow portion 4 and the indoor hollow portion 5 in the summer, that is, when it is hot. FIG. 3 shows a state in which air is circulated through the outdoor hollow portion 4 and the indoor hollow portion 5 in winter, that is, when it is cold.

In the hot summer, the outdoor side hollow portion 4 exhausts the outside air sucked from the lower portion from the upper portion, as shown in FIG. The outside air is exhausted from the eaves outlet 27 provided at the upper part of the outdoor side hollow portion 4, or is exhausted by the ridge exhaust duct 28 connected to the roof ridge. Outdoor side hollow part 4
As the heated air rises, the upper part is opened and is naturally discharged. However, you can force exhaust with a fan. A large amount of air can be exhausted by forcibly exhausting with a fan.

The heated air collects in the ceiling back duct 26 which is the indoor hollow portion of the roof connected to the indoor hollow portion 5. The air in the ceiling-inside duct 26, which is the indoor hollow portion of the heated roof, is forcibly exhausted by the exhaust fan 29. The exhaust fan 29 exhausts the air sucked into the side surface of the building or under the eaves. The exhaust fan 29 can efficiently exhaust air while controlling the exhaust amount of the ceiling back duct 26 that is a hollow portion on the indoor side of the roof. The operation of the exhaust fan 29 is
For example, an in-ceiling duct 26 that is a hollow portion on the indoor side of the roof
It is controlled by a temperature sensor 39 that detects the temperature of the air.
The temperature sensor 39 operates the exhaust fan 29 when the air temperature of the ceiling back duct 26, which is the indoor hollow portion of the roof, becomes higher than the set temperature, and stops the operation when the air temperature becomes lower than the set temperature. However, the air in the ceiling back duct 26, which is the hollow portion on the indoor side of the roof, can be naturally discharged without using an exhaust fan. In order to naturally discharge the air in the ceiling back duct 26 which is the indoor hollow portion of the roof, the ceiling back duct 26 which is the indoor hollow portion of the roof is connected to the outside of the building by a duct (not shown). The air in the ceiling-inside duct 26, which is a hollow portion on the indoor side of the heated and lightened roof, passes through the duct and is exhausted to the outside of the building.

Duct 2 behind the ceiling, which is a hollow portion on the indoor side of the roof
When the air is exhausted from 6, the intake hole 3 that penetrates the platform 24 and opens below the floor is provided in the indoor hollow portion 5.
Air is naturally inhaled from 0. In the building shown in the drawing, the outside air is allowed to flow into the indoor hollow portion 5 through the intake port 30 penetrating the platform 24. However, in the indoor hollow portion 5, as shown by the chain line in the drawing, the indoor hollow portion of the wall is shown. 5 through the suction port 30 connecting the outdoor hollow part 4 or through the suction port 30 connecting the lower part of the indoor hollow part 5 of the wall and the outside of the building to the outdoor side. The air in the hollow portion 4 or the air outside the building can also be sucked.

When the indoor air is ventilated, the indoor air is forced to be exhausted to the outdoor hollow portion 5 by passing through the outdoor ventilation duct 31, or is forced to be exhausted outside the building by passing to the outdoor ventilation duct 32. To do. When the air in the indoor-side hollow portion 5 is forcibly discharged, the pressure in the room decreases, so that the indoor-side hollow portion 5 naturally passes through the indoor ventilation duct 25.
Air is inhaled. Contrary to the above structure, it is also possible to forcibly supply air to the room from the indoor ventilation duct 25 and exhaust the indoor air from the outdoor ventilation duct 31 or the outdoor ventilation duct 32. In order to forcibly exhaust or supply air, the outdoor ventilation duct 31 or the outdoor ventilation duct 32
A fan (not shown) is connected to the fan and this fan blows the air.

In the hot summer, the outside air is
The interior hollow portion 5 is passed through either of the routes. Underfloor → Suction port 30 → Indoor hollow part 5 of the floor → Indoor hollow part 5 of the wall → Indoor hollow part 5 of the roof → Ceiling duct 26 that is the indoor hollow part of the roof → Exhaust fan 29 → Outside building Outside → Suction port 30 → Indoor hollow part 5 of the wall → Indoor hollow part 5 of the roof → Ceiling duct 26 which is the indoor hollow part of the roof → Exhaust fan 29 → Outside the building → Outside intake port 30 → Floor Indoor hollow part 5-> wall interior hollow part 5-> roof interior hollow part 5-> roof interior duct 26, which is the roof interior hollow part-> exhaust fan 29-> outside the building

In the hot summer, the outside air passes through the outdoor hollow portion 4 by the following route or. Outside the building → Lower part of the outdoor hollow part 4 → Outdoor hollow part 4 →
Exhaust outlet 27 → Outside the building → Outside the building → Lower part of the outdoor hollow part 4 → Outdoor hollow part 4 →
Building exhaust duct 28 → Outside the building

In the cold winter season, the air in the outdoor hollow portion 4 is not exhausted from the ridge exhaust duct 28. This is to effectively use the heat energy of the air heated on the roof. However, the eaves outlet 27, which has a structure for naturally exhausting air, exhausts the air in the outdoor hollow portion 4 to the outside of the building at the upper part of the wall. The air heated by solar heat accumulates in the outdoor hollow portion 4 provided on the roof. Therefore, the warm air accumulated on the roof is supplied to the in-ceiling duct 26 which is the indoor hollow portion of the roof.

The heated air is stored in the ceiling back duct 26 which is the indoor hollow portion of the roof connected to the indoor hollow portion 5 of the wall. This is because the heated air is supplied from the outdoor hollow portion 4 while being heated by solar heat. The warm air in the ceiling back duct 26, which is the indoor hollow portion of the roof, is circulated to the indoor hollow portion 5 by the circulation fan 33. The circulation fan 33 transfers the warm air in the ceiling back duct 26, which is a hollow portion on the indoor side of the roof, to the hollow portion 5 on the indoor side of the floor,
Alternatively, it is supplied to the lower part of the inner hollow portion 5 of the wall and circulated in the inner hollow portion 5. As described above, the air heated in the outdoor hollow portion 4 of the roof is circulated in the indoor hollow portion 5 of the wall or floor to effectively use the thermal energy.

A part of the air circulating in the inner hollow portion 5 is
The indoor air passes through the indoor ventilation duct 25 and flows into the room, and the indoor air is exhausted to the outdoor hollow portion 4 via the outdoor ventilation duct 31 or to the outside of the building via the outdoor ventilation duct 32. However, when a fire occurs, the exhaust fan 2
9 and the circulation fan 33 stop the operation.

The detailed structure of the wall, floor and roof of the building having the above structure will be described in detail below. The horizontal cross-sectional view of FIG. 4 and the perspective view with a part of FIG. 5 removed show the wall structure of the building. In the wall structure of this figure, an intermediate partition wall 3 is arranged between an outer wall 1 located on the outdoor side of a building and an indoor plate 2 located on the indoor side of the building, and the intermediate partition wall 3 is provided on both sides of the intermediate partition wall 3. An outer hollow portion 4 and an inner hollow portion 5 are provided. The outdoor side hollow portion 4 is the outer wall 1
Is provided between the intermediate partition wall 3 and the
It is provided between the intermediate partition wall 3 and the indoor plate 2.

In the wall structure shown in the figure, the indoor plate 2 is fixed to the indoor side of the pillar 14, and the intermediate partition wall 3 is fixed to the outdoor side.
An indoor-side hollow portion 5 is provided between the indoor plate 2 and the intermediate partition wall 3. In this wall structure, since the indoor plate 2 and the intermediate partition wall 3 are fixed to both sides of the pillar 14, the thickness of the pillar 14 is the width of the indoor hollow portion 5. However, between the pillars 14,
Since the braces 15 and the base material for fixing the indoor plate 2 are provided, the substantial width of the indoor side hollow portion 5 becomes narrow due to the braces. The indoor hollow portion 5 circulates indoor air. Therefore, braces or the like provided in the indoor hollow portion 5 are fixed between the columns 14 so as not to prevent the air circulation in the indoor hollow portion 5. The wall structure in the figure is braced.
Is narrower than the width of the indoor hollow portion 5 so that the air in the indoor hollow portion 5 can be vertically circulated.

In the wall structure shown in the figure, the interior plate 2 is made of gypsum board or natural board with a cloth stretched on the surface, but the interior plate 2 can also be a soil wall. The gypsum board or the natural board is fixed to the indoor side of the pillar 14 as shown in the sectional view of FIG. 4, but the indoor plate 2 of the earth wall 2A is fixed to the pillar 14 as shown in the horizontal sectional view of FIG. It is provided between. Earth wall 2A
The interior plate 2 of the intermediate partition wall 3 fixed to the pillar 14.
The indoor side hollow portion 5 is provided between and. Indoor hollow part 5
In order to vertically ventilate the air here, a braces 15 having a width narrower than that of the inner hollow portion 5 is fixed. However, the brace may have a structure in which air holes are vertically penetrated to vertically ventilate the air in the indoor hollow portion.

In the intermediate partition wall 3, cedar materials 3A which expand and contract due to humidity in the air are arranged and fixed so that a ventilation gap 7 is formed. The cedar wood 3A has a thickness of 30 mm and a width of 135 m.
m. However, the cedar wood 3A has a thickness of 20 to 50 m.
m and the width may be 50 to 200 mm. If the cedar material 3A is thickened, the heat insulation and soundproofing of the wall are improved. However, since the construction cost increases when the cedar material 3A is thickened, the construction cost and the heat insulating property are taken into consideration and the optimum value is set. The cedar wood is characterized by low cost and excellent heat insulation properties. It also has the feature that it expands and contracts rapidly with changes in humidity.

The plate-shaped cedar material 3A extends horizontally and is fixed to the pillar 14 horizontally. The cedar wood 3A expands and contracts due to the humidity in the air, contracts when the humidity in the air becomes low, and expands when the humidity in the air becomes high. Therefore, cedar wood 3
The ventilation gap 7 provided between A is widened when the humidity is low to facilitate the passage of air, and is narrowed when the humidity is high to make it difficult for the air to pass. Intermediate partition wall 3
The ventilation gap 7 provided between the cedar materials 3A is automatically controlled by humidity. Since the ventilation gap 7 becomes narrower when the humidity is high, the outdoor hollow portion 4 and the indoor hollow portion 5 are
The air flow to and from is blocked or diminished. When the humidity becomes lower, the ventilation gap 7 becomes wider, and the air in the outdoor hollow portion 4 and the indoor hollow portion 5 becomes easier to flow. That is, the air flows between the indoor hollow portion 5 and the outdoor hollow portion 4.

FIG. 7 is a sectional view in which the intermediate partition wall 3 is vertically cut. The intermediate partition wall 3 is provided with a connecting projection 9 on the upper surface of the cedar material 3A and a connecting groove 10 for guiding the connecting projection 9 on the lower surface. This intermediate partition wall 3 is made of cedar wood 3
The connecting ridge 9 of A is guided to the connecting groove 10 of the adjoining cedar material 3A to connect the adjoining cedar material 3A. Further, in this intermediate partition wall 3, in order to adjust the ventilation gap 7 by contraction of the cedar material 3A, the width of the connecting ridge 9 is gradually narrowed toward the tip, and the width of the connecting groove 10 is moved toward the opening. To make it wider. When the cedar materials 3A expand and approach each other, the ventilation gap 7 becomes narrow. On the contrary, when the cedar materials 3A contract and separate from each other, the ventilation gap 7 becomes wider. However, the cedar material 3A can be processed so that the cross section becomes rectangular as shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 8 and fixed to the pillar 14 to provide the ventilation gap 7.

The cedar material 3A is fixed to the pillar 14 so that the ventilation gap 7 is closed when the humidity is high, for example, when the humidity reaches 80%. Therefore, the cedar wood 3A is
The size of the ventilation gap 7 is adjusted by adjusting the humidity when fixing to. When the humidity is 80% or more, it is fixed to the pillar 14 so that there is no gap between the adjacent cedar wood 3A. When the humidity is low, the width of the ventilation gap 7 is adjusted by the humidity to adjust the width of the pillar 14.
Fixed to. When adjusting and fixing the ventilation gap 7 of the cedar wood 3A, a spacer is used. The spacer is sandwiched between the cedar materials 3A and used as a thickness gauge. After fixing the cedar material 3A, the spacer is removed.

The intermediate partition wall 3 shown in the drawing has a waterproof sheet 6 stretched on its outer wall 1 side surface. The waterproof sheet 6 is
It is arranged in the outdoor side hollow portion 4 between the intermediate partition wall 3 and the outer wall 1 to prevent water from passing through the intermediate partition wall 3. Therefore, the waterproof sheet 6 is a plastic sheet that restricts passage of water and allows air to pass therethrough. The waterproof sheet 6 is
It is most preferable to prevent the passage of water and allow only air to pass. Intermediate partition wall 3 with waterproof sheet 6
Has a feature that even if water enters the outdoor hollow portion 4, the water can be prevented from passing through the indoor hollow portion 5. However, it is not always necessary to stretch the waterproof sheet on the intermediate partition wall. In particular, in the structure in which the connecting convex strips 9 are inserted into the connecting groove 10 and connected as in the case of the intermediate partition wall 3 shown in FIG. 7, almost no water passes through the intermediate partition wall 3, so that a waterproof sheet is not stretched. Water permeation can be satisfactorily blocked.

Further, in the intermediate partition wall 3 described above, the cedar materials 3A which expand and contract with the humidity in the air are arranged and fixed so as to form the ventilation gap 7. However, in the present invention, the intermediate partition wall 3 is used as the cedar material. Not specified. Wood other than cedar wood can be fixed to the intermediate partition wall 3 so that a gap can be formed when the humidity is high, or fixed so that no gap can be formed even when the humidity is high. Plywood can also be used for the intermediate partition wall 3. Furthermore, all plate materials such as gypsum board and MDF other than wood can be used for the intermediate partition wall 3.

The outer wall 1 is fixed apart from the intermediate partition wall 3, and the outdoor side hollow portion 4 is provided between the intermediate partition wall 3 and the outer wall 1. In the wall structure shown in the drawing, the furring strip 11 is fixed to the intermediate partition wall 3, the outer wall 1 is fixed to the furring strip 11, and the outdoor hollow portion 4 is provided. The furring strip 11 has the heat insulating material 8 disposed in the outdoor hollow portion 4. The heat insulating material 8 is formed by foaming a synthetic resin into a plate shape so as to have closed cells. However, it goes without saying that a heat insulating material other than the synthetic resin foam can be used as the heat insulating material. The furring strip 11 is arranged at the boundary of the heat insulating material 8 to fix the heat insulating material 8 at a fixed position in the outdoor hollow portion 4. The furring strip 11 is provided with holding ridges 12 for fixing the heat insulating material 8 so as to project to both sides.
Is fixed. The furring strip 11 shown in the figure has the heat insulating material 8 arranged on the outer wall 1 side, but it is also possible to fix the heat insulating material 8 to the intermediate partition wall 3 side by reversing the left and right sides of the furring strip 11 in the drawing.

The furring strip 11 is vertically fixed to the outside of the intermediate partition wall 3. Since the cedar material 3A is fixed horizontally in the intermediate partition wall 3 shown in the figure, the furring strip 11 is fixed orthogonally to the cedar material 3A. The vertical furring strip 11 is provided with a vertical groove 13 for providing a ventilation duct with the heat insulating material 8. This flute 1
In the state 3 in which the heat insulating material 8 is brought into close contact with the furring strip 11, the air in the outdoor hollow portion 4 can be naturally convected efficiently like a chimney. In particular, when the summer is hot, there is a feature that air can be efficiently convected in the ventilation duct of the vertical groove 13 to cool the furring strip 11 and the outdoor hollow portion 4. The furring strip 11 in the figure has vertical grooves 13 provided between it and the heat insulating material 8, between the intermediate partition wall 3 and the outer wall 1. The furring strip 11 is fixed to the intermediate partition wall 3 by nailing or adhering. Vertical groove 13 of furring strip 11
Connects the upper and lower ends to the outdoor hollow portion 4.

The outer wall 1 in the figure is a base siding 1B fixed to the furring strip 11 and an outer wall material 1A such as a tile fixed to the surface of the base siding 1B. When a plate-shaped outer wall 1 is used, the outer wall 1 can be directly fixed to the furring strip 11 without using base siding or the like.

FIG. 9 shows a floor structure. The floor structure in this figure is
Platform 24 on the base material 16 such as joists and large pulling
And the floor plate 23 is fixed on the platform 24, and the indoor side hollow portion 5 is provided between the platform 24 and the floor plate 23. The platform 24 is plywood such as a control panel. On the platform, cedar wood having the same structure as the intermediate partition wall of the above-mentioned wall structure can be similarly fixed on the plywood. Further, without using plywood, it is also possible to fix the cedar material, which is an intermediate partition wall of the wall, to the base material so that a ventilation gap is automatically adjusted by humidity. On the lower surface of the cedar platform, the same waterproof sheet as the wall structure can be stretched. The tarpaulin prevents moisture under the floor from wetting the platform. However, since rainwater rarely enters under the floor,
It goes without saying that it is not always necessary to stretch the waterproof sheet. A floor plate 23 is fixed on the platform 24 via the furring strip 11. An indoor hollow portion 5 is provided between the floor plate 23 and the platform 24, and the heat insulating material 8 is provided there.
Are installed. The heat insulating material 8 is arranged in the interior hollow portion 5 with the same furring strip 11 as the wall structure. Furry edge 11
Fixes the holding ridge 12 to the platform 24. This furring strip 11 can fix the heat insulating material 8 in close contact with the lower surface of the floor plate 23. If the platform 24 has sufficient strength, the floor can be fixed to the platform 24 by omitting joists and pulling the platform 24 out.

In the floor structure shown in FIG. 9, a floor heating sheet 34 is laid under the floor plate 23 for floor heating. Furthermore, the floor structure is
As shown in FIG. 10, the furring strip 11 can be fixed between the platform 24 and the floor plate 23 by turning it upside down from the posture shown in FIG. In this floor structure, the heat insulating material 8 is fixed so as to be in close contact with the platform 24. The furring strip 11 fixes the holding ridges 12 to the lower surface of the floor plate 23 to bring the heat insulating material 8 into close contact with the platform 24. As shown in FIG. 11, this floor structure includes a heating panel 3 on the heat insulating material 8 below the floor plate 23.
5 can be arranged to heat the floor plate 23. Heating panel 35
Are arranged on the entire surface of the inner hollow portion 5 formed between the furring strips 11 or in a part of the inner hollow portion 5. Furry 1
1, the horizontal groove 36 is provided on the upper surface as shown in FIG.
The inner hollow portions 5 on both sides are connected. This structure allows the air heated by the heating panel 35 to pass through the lateral groove 36 and flow into the adjacent indoor-side hollow portion 5. Therefore, the floorboard 2
The entire surface of 3 can be heated uniformly. Especially, the inner hollow part 5
By arranging the heating panel 35 in a part of the above, the entire surface of the floor plate 23 can be heated uniformly.

The floor on the second floor is, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 11,
A rubber-like elastic sheet 37 that absorbs vibration is fixed between the furring strip 11 and the platform 24. This floor structure is the floorboard 2
The vibration of No. 3 is absorbed by the rubber-like elastic sheet 37. Therefore, the noise on the second floor can be blocked from being transmitted to the room below. The synthetic resin foam or inorganic fiber aggregate used for the heat insulating material 8 has a property of absorbing sound. Therefore, it is possible to effectively prevent the noise on the second floor from being transmitted to the lower room by both the rubber-like elastic sheet 37 and the heat insulating material 8. In particular, as shown in FIG. 12, a floor structure in which the rubber-like elastic sheet 37 is arranged between the furring strip 11 and the platform 24 and the heat insulating material 8 is fixed in two layers by the furring strip 11 is the most efficient noise reduction. Can be shut off.

Further, FIG. 13 shows a roof structure. In the roof structure of this figure, the intermediate partition wall 3 is fixed on the rafter 18. The intermediate partition wall 3 is provided by fixing the same cedar material as the wall structure in the same manner. A waterproof sheet 6 is stretched on the upper surface of the intermediate partition wall 3. The waterproof sheet 6 is a plastic sheet that restricts the passage of water and allows air to pass therethrough, like the one having a wall structure. A plate material such as plywood or MDF can be used for the intermediate partition wall 3 instead of the cedar material. A roof base material 19 is fixed on the intermediate partition wall 3 via a furring strip 11, and an outdoor-side hollow portion 4 is provided between the base material 19 and the intermediate partition wall 3. A heat insulating material 8 is provided in the outdoor hollow portion 4.
Is fixed. The heat insulating material 8 is fixed to the outdoor hollow portion 4 with the furring strip 11 having the same wall structure. A roof material 20 such as a roof tile or a slate is fixed on the base material 19. In the roof structure shown in the figure, the indoor plate 2 is fixed to the indoor side of the rafter 18,
Between the intermediate partition wall 3 and the indoor plate 2, there is provided a ceiling back duct 26 which is a hollow portion on the indoor side of the roof. However, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the ceiling duct 26, which is a hollow portion on the indoor side of the roof, can be provided by fixing the indoor plate 2 apart from the tree which is the ceiling ceiling. Further, the ceiling plate may be an indoor plate and may be provided between the ceiling plate and the intermediate partition wall.

An eaves outlet 27 is provided below the outdoor hollow portion 4 of the roof. The lower part of the outdoor hollow part 4 of the roof is
It is connected to the upper part of the outdoor hollow portion 4 of the wall. Therefore,
The eaves outlet 27 is connected to the upper portion of the outdoor hollow portion 4 of the wall. The eaves outlet 27 is opened under the eaves so that rainwater does not enter. The eaves exhaust port 27 is a hollow part 4 on the outdoor side of the wall.
Exhaust the warmed air to the outdoors. The outdoor-side hollow portion 4 of the wall heats the inside air, so that the outside air is sucked in from the lower end and exhausted to the outside from the eaves outlet 27 for ventilation.
In the building shown in the figure, a part of the air warmed in the outdoor hollow portion 4 of the wall is exhausted to the outside through the eaves outlet 27, and the remaining part is made to flow into the outdoor hollow portion 4 of the roof. The building of the present invention is
It is not always necessary to provide the eaves outlet 27. In a building without the eaves outlet 27, the air heated in the outdoor hollow portion 4 of the wall flows into the outdoor hollow portion 4 of the roof. In the illustrated building, the upper part of the outdoor hollow portion 4 provided on the roof is connected to the ridge exhaust duct 28. The ridge exhaust duct 28 is provided in the ridge of the roof, and exhausts the heated air from the upper part of the outdoor hollow portion 4 of the roof to the outside of the building in the hot summer. The ridge exhaust duct 28 does not exhaust the air in the outdoor side hollow portion 4 to the outside in the cold winter. The ridge exhaust duct 28 controls the exhaust of air in the outdoor hollow portion 4 depending on the temperature or the season.

In the buildings shown in FIGS. 14 to 16, the upper portion of the outdoor hollow portion 4 provided on the roof is connected to the ceiling back duct 26 which is the indoor hollow portion of the roof through the connecting duct 38. In the buildings shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, almost the entire attic on the ceiling plate is an indoor ceiling hollow duct 26. Then, the outdoor hollow portion 4 of the roof is extended to the middle of the roof without extending to the ridge, and the upper portion of the outdoor hollow portion 4 of the roof is the ceiling back duct 2 which is the indoor hollow portion of the roof.
It is connected to 6. Further, in the building shown in these drawings, an exhaust fan 29 for exhausting hot air in summer is provided in the outdoor hollow portion 4, and warm air in the outdoor hollow portion 4 of the roof is forced to the indoor hollow portion 5 in winter. A circulation fan 33 for blowing air is provided.

The circulation fan 33 is provided on the north side of the building for the air heated by the outdoor hollow portion 4 of the roof to warm the air when it is cold in winter from the ceiling duct 26 which is the indoor hollow portion of the roof. It is circulated in the hollow part 5 on the indoor side of the cold wall. However, the circulation fan 33 does not necessarily need to forcibly blow the air to the indoor hollow portion of the north wall, and for example, although not shown, warm air can be forced to be blown to the partition wall while partitioning the room. Exhaust fan 29 and circulation fan 3
The operation of 3 is automatically controlled by the temperature sensor 39, or is controlled by an operation switch provided in the room or an operation switch for remote control.

When it is cold in winter, the temperature sensor 39 is
The operation of the exhaust fan 29 is stopped and the circulation fan 33 is operated to circulate the air as shown in FIG. Further, the exhaust fan 29 and the circulation fan 33 can be controlled in the same manner by a manual switch or a remote controller. When operated in this way, the circulation fan 33 draws in the air warmly heated on the roof and forcibly circulates it through the indoor-side hollow portion 5 of the wall. The warm air forcibly blown by the circulation fan 33 passes from the inner hollow part 5 of the wall to the inner hollow part 5 of the floor,
In the wall or the lower part of the roof, the air flows from the indoor hollow portion 5 into the outdoor hollow portion 4, flows into the outdoor hollow portion 4 of the roof, is reheated, and is forcedly blown again by the circulation fan 33. As shown in FIG. 15, the roof has a through hole 41 in the intermediate partition wall 3 so that the air in the indoor hollow portion 5 can flow into the outdoor hollow portion 4. Although not shown, the through hole may be provided in the intermediate partition wall of the wall. Also, the intermediate partition wall 3 of the wall is
It is also possible to let air flow from the indoor hollow portion 5 into the outdoor hollow portion 4 through the ventilation gap 7 formed by using the cedar material 3A that expands and contracts due to the humidity in the air.

When it is hot in the summer, the circulation fan 33 is stopped and the exhaust fan 29 is operated. Exhaust fan 2
As shown by the arrow in FIG. 16, 9 forcibly exhausts the air in the outdoor hollow portion 4 of the roof to cool the roof. Further, the exhaust fan 29 may detect this with the temperature sensor 39 when the air in the ceiling behind duct 26, which is a hollow portion on the indoor side of the roof, becomes hot, and may exhaust the air in the ceiling behind duct 26 to the outside of the building. it can. In this case, the circulation fan 33 can be rotated in the reverse direction so that the air is blown from the back-of-ceiling duct 26 to the outdoor hollow portion 4 of the roof. However, the connecting duct 38
It is also possible to provide a shutter (not shown) in the above, and open the shutter without operating the circulation fan 33 to allow air to flow from the ceiling back duct 26 into the outdoor hollow portion of the roof. The shutter is opened when air is allowed to pass through the connecting duct 38, and is closed when air is not allowed to pass through the connecting duct 38, for example, when the exhaust fan 29 is operated and the air in the ceiling duct 26 is not exhausted.

In the building shown in FIG. 14, when the summer is hot, the air in the ceiling-inside duct 26, which is a hollow portion on the indoor side of the roof, is passed through the connecting duct 38 and is allowed to flow into the hollow portion 4 on the outdoor side to exhaust the building exhaust duct 28. Exhaust from outside. 15 and 16
In this building, since the outdoor hollow portion 4 and the in-ceiling duct 26 are connected by the connecting duct 38, the exhaust fan 29 provided in the outdoor hollow portion 4 causes the outdoor-side hollow portion 4 and the in-ceiling duct 2 to be connected.
Both 6 can exhaust air outside the building. However, in the building of the present invention, the air in the hollow portion on the outdoor side of the roof and the ceiling duct 2
It is also possible to separately exhaust the air of 6 outside the building. In this building, it is not necessary to connect the hollow portion on the outdoor side of the roof and the ceiling duct 26 with the connecting duct. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, in this building, the air in the outdoor hollow portion 4 of the roof is exhausted outside the building by the building exhaust duct 28, and the air in the ceiling duct 26, which is the indoor hollow portion of the roof, is exhausted. Is forcibly exhausted outdoors by the exhaust fan 29. In the buildings shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, in order to exhaust the air in the ceiling-inside duct 26 which is a hollow portion on the indoor side of the roof, an exhaust fan 29 whose exhaust can be controlled is installed in the ceiling-inside duct 26 which is a hollow portion on the indoor side of the roof. It is connected. The exhaust fan 29 exhausts the air in the ceiling behind duct 26 which is the indoor hollow portion of the roof which is the indoor hollow portion to the outside of the building in the hot summer.

The building of FIG. 14 is also provided with a connecting duct 38 for connecting the outdoor side hollow portion 4 and the ceiling back duct 26, which is the indoor side hollow portion of the roof, like the buildings of FIGS. 15 and 16. In the cold winter season, the air heated in the hollow portion 4 on the outdoor side of the roof does not exhaust to the outside in the building exhaust duct 28 and flows into the duct 26 behind the ceiling, which is the hollow portion on the indoor side of the roof. And can be circulated to the indoor hollow portion 5 of the floor.

A building in which the interior hollow portion 5 is provided on the wall, floor and roof can be made into an ideal environment in summer and winter. Figure 3
In the building shown in FIG. 15, in the cold winter season, the circulation fan 33 provided on the roof circulates the air warmed by the roof to the wall and the indoor hollow portion 5 of the floor to warm the wall surface of the building. Since the indoor hollow portion 5 is connected to the outdoor hollow portion 4 via the intermediate partition wall 3 and the waterproof sheet 6, when the humidity is low,
The outdoor side hollow portion 4 and the indoor side hollow portion 5 are ventilated to make the room comfortable. Further, in the summer, the air in the outdoor hollow portion 4 of the roof can be exhausted to the outside to cool the building.

Further, as shown in FIG. 3, a heat exchanger 22 for heating or cooling air is provided in the air circulation path to control the air circulated in the indoor hollow portion 5 to a comfortable temperature. be able to. The air in the indoor hollow portion 5 permeates the interior material or passes through the gap between the interior materials and is circulated in the room. Further, air can be circulated between the indoor hollow portion 5 and the room by connecting the indoor hollow portion 5 and a ventilation duct capable of controlling the ventilation amount in the room.

[0056]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION The building of the present invention can realize extremely excellent heat insulation properties, can be made an indoor environment to be an ideal comfortable and comfortable environment, and can be efficiently constructed by using an inexpensive heat insulating material. There are features. The building of the present invention is
An intermediate partition wall is provided between the outer wall and the indoor plate, and an outdoor hollow portion and an indoor hollow portion are provided on both sides of the intermediate partition wall, and the indoor hollow portion is provided between the floor plate and the platform. As a floor structure provided with a portion, the indoor hollow portion of the wall and the indoor hollow portion of the floor communicate with each other, and the indoor hollow portion provided on the wall or floor is connected to the room through an indoor ventilation duct. In addition, an attic duct, which is the interior hollow part of the roof, is installed in the attic of the building, and the ceiling interior duct, which is the interior hollow part of the roof, is connected to the indoor part hollow part of the wall. In addition to making it possible to circulate air between the indoor hollow part provided on the floor and the ceiling ceiling duct that is the indoor hollow part of the roof, the air in the indoor hollow part is supplied to the room through the indoor ventilation duct. Because it is.

That is, according to the structure of the present invention, the wall is insulated by the double heat insulation structure of the indoor side hollow portion and the outdoor side hollow portion so that the wall is insulated very effectively and the air is passed through the outdoor side hollow portion. Air is circulated there by connecting with the indoor hollow part of the floor and walls and the ceiling behind duct which is the indoor hollow part of the attic roof, and the air in the indoor hollow part is ventilated. Since it is also supplied indoors, the entire building can be made into an extremely ideal environment. In particular, since air can be constantly passed through the indoor hollow portion and the outdoor hollow portion and kept in a dry state, mold and dew condensation can be effectively prevented, and the indoor environment can be always made comfortable.

Further, in the building of the present invention, since the inner partition wall separates the indoor hollow part from the outdoor hollow part, the outer wall is burned by a fire from the outside, and the building is installed in the outdoor hollow part. Even if the heat insulating material is burned to generate harmful gas, the double wall of the intermediate partition wall and the indoor plate prevents the harmful gas from entering the room.

Furthermore, in the building of the present invention, a heat insulating material such as glass fiber or rock wool may be used for the heat insulating material of the wall to prevent fine fiber fragments from entering the room. it can. The building of the present invention has a wall structure,
Since an intermediate partition wall is provided between the outer wall and the indoor plate to partition it into an outdoor side hollow portion and an indoor side hollow portion, a heat insulating material is disposed in the outdoor side hollow portion, and This is because the inner hollow portion can be arranged inside. This structure can circulate the air in the inner hollow part inside the room and not the air in the outer hollow part of the wall inside the room.This structure allows fine debris of the heat insulating material to enter the room. You can prevent intrusion.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a building according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a state in which the building shown in FIG. 1 circulates air in summer.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a state in which the building shown in FIG. 1 circulates air in winter.

FIG. 4 is a horizontal sectional view showing a wall structure of a building according to an embodiment of the present invention.

5 is a perspective view showing a state in which a part of the wall structure shown in FIG. 4 is removed.

FIG. 6 is a horizontal sectional view showing another example of the wall structure.

FIG. 7 is a vertical sectional view of the wall structure shown in FIG.

FIG. 8 is a vertical sectional view showing another example of the wall structure.

FIG. 9 is a vertical sectional view showing a floor structure of a building according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a sectional perspective view showing another example of the floor structure.

FIG. 11 is a vertical sectional view showing another example of the floor structure.

FIG. 12 is a vertical sectional view showing another example of the floor structure.

FIG. 13 is a vertical sectional view showing a roof structure of a building according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a schematic sectional view of a building according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a schematic sectional view of a building according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a schematic sectional view of a building according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... Outer wall 1A ... Outer wall material 1B
... Base siding 2 ... Indoor plate 2A ... Soil wall 3 ... Intermediate partition wall 3A ... Cedar material 4 ... Outdoor side hollow part 5 ... Indoor side hollow part 6 ... Waterproof sheet 7 ... Ventilation gap 8 ... Thermal insulation material 9 ... Connection ridge 10 ... connecting groove 11 ... furring strip 12 ... holding ridge 13 ... vertical groove 14 ... pillar 15 ... braces 16 ... base material 18 ... rafter 19 ... base material 20 ... roofing material 22 ... heat exchanger 23 ... floor board 24 ... platform 25 ... Indoor ventilation duct 26 ... Ceiling duct 27 that is a hollow part on the indoor side of the roof ... Exhaust air outlet 28 ... Building exhaust duct 29 ... Exhaust fan 30 ... Suction port 31 ... Outdoor ventilation duct 32 ... Outdoor ventilation duct 33 ... Circulation fan 34 Floor heating sheet 35 Heating panel 36 Horizontal groove 37 Rubber elastic sheet 38 Connection duct 39 Temperature sensor 40 Filter medium 41 Through hole

Claims (11)

[Claims] 1. The wall structure of a building is an outer wall located on the outdoor side.
An intermediate partition wall (3) is provided between the (1) and the indoor plate (2) located on the indoor side of the building, and the outdoor hollow part () is provided between the outer wall (1) and the intermediate partition wall (3). 4) is provided, and the indoor side hollow part (5) is provided between the intermediate partition wall (3) and the indoor plate (2) .The floor structure of the building is the indoor side floor plate (23) and the underfloor side. The indoor hollow part (5) is provided with a gap between the indoor hollow part (5) and the platform (24) installed on the floor, and the indoor hollow part (5) of the wall and the indoor hollow part (5) of the floor are mutually connected. Indoor hollow part that is in communication with and is provided on the wall or floor
(5) is connected to the room through the indoor ventilation duct (25), and in the attic of the building, a ceiling ceiling duct (26), which is a hollow part on the indoor side of the roof, is provided. The inside ceiling duct (26), which is a hollow part, is connected to the indoor side hollow part (5) of the wall, and the indoor side hollow part (5) provided in the wall and floor and the roof room provided in the attic. Duct (2
A building in which the air in the indoor hollow portion (5) is supplied to the room through the indoor ventilation duct (25) so that the air can be circulated by connecting 6) and 6) to each other. 2. The building according to claim 1, wherein a filter medium (40) is arranged so as to be replaceable in a passage of air that passes through the indoor ventilation duct (25) and flows into the room. 3. A circulation fan (33) is provided with a circulation fan (33) for circulating warm air above the outdoor hollow portion (4) provided on the roof to the indoor hollow portion (5) of the wall. 2. The building according to claim 1, wherein the heated air on the roof is circulated through the indoor hollow part (3) of the wall. 4. The outdoor hollow part (4) provided on the roof is connected to the upper part of the outdoor hollow part (4) provided on the roof by the building exhaust duct (28). The building according to claim 1, wherein the air above 4) is exhausted to the outside of the building. 5. An in-ceiling duct which is a hollow portion on the indoor side of the roof.
An exhaust fan (29) capable of controlling exhaust is connected to (26), and the exhaust fan (29) exhausts the air in the ceiling behind duct (26), which is the hollow part on the indoor side of the roof, to the outside of the building. The building described in paragraph 1. 6. The outdoor ventilation duct (31) according to claim 1, which penetrates the indoor plate (2) and the intermediate partition wall (3) and exhausts indoor air to the outdoor hollow portion (4). Building to be. 7. Interior plate (2), intermediate partition wall (3) and outer wall
The building according to claim 1, further comprising an outdoor ventilation duct (32) which penetrates (1) and exhausts indoor air to the outside of the building. 8. The lower part of the indoor hollow part (5) of the wall and the outdoor hollow part (4) are connected by an inlet (30), or the indoor hollow part (5) of the wall and the outside of the building are inlets. Connected with (30), suction port
The building according to claim 1, wherein the air in the outdoor side hollow portion (4) or the air outside the building is supplied to the indoor side hollow portion (5) through the (30). 9. A suction port for the hollow portion (5) on the indoor side of the floor and the underfloor
The building according to claim 1, wherein the building is connected through (30), and the air under the floor is supplied to the indoor hollow portion (5) through the suction port (30). 10. The building according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate partition wall (3) of the walls is wood. 11. The building according to claim 1, wherein a heat insulating material (8) is provided between the intermediate partition wall (3) and the outer wall (1).