JP2003274755A - Method for cultivating mushroom - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for artificially cultivating mushroom having symbiotic relationship with other plants. <P>SOLUTION: This method for cultivating mushroom comprises a process of sterilizing a medium, a process of inoculating spawn to the sterilized medium, and a process of adding to the medium a unicellular liquid object of plants having the symbiotic relationship with the inoculated spawn. The method further comprises a process of breeding the spawn in a culture room that is controlled to be a condition suitable for raising the inoculated spawn of mushroom and a process of adding to the medium one time or a plurality of times a liquid object obtained by subjecting carpophore to enzymolysis. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for cultivating mushrooms, and more particularly to a method for cultivating mushrooms having a symbiotic relationship with other plants.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, artificial cultivation of mushrooms such as "maitake mushrooms,""ringmushrooms,""enokimushrooms," which have no symbiotic relationship with other plants, has been performed. In addition, artificial cultivation such as "Agarix mushrooms" using aseptic bags and medium is also performed.

[0003]

However, artificial cultivation of mushrooms having a symbiotic relationship with other plants such as "matsutake" is difficult to cultivate (mycelia do not spread sufficiently in the medium: difficult to spread). ), Because it is difficult to generate and raise fruiting bodies (mushroom body), and because they coexist with specific plants such as red pine (Evergreen / Pinaceae = Tsuga, Tsumetsuga, Red spruce, Pinus etc.). , Artificial cultivation was difficult, so it was not done.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and provides a method that enables artificial cultivation of mushrooms having a symbiotic relationship with other plants such as "pine mushrooms". To aim.

[0005]

In order to achieve the above object, a method of cultivating mushrooms according to the present invention comprises a step of sterilizing a medium, a step of inoculating a sterilized medium with an inoculum, and And a step of adding a unicellular liquid material of a plant having a symbiotic relationship with the fungus to the medium once or a plurality of times.

[0006] The medium is preferably produced by mixing sawdust such as a broad-leaved tree, which is a base material, a nutrient necessary for growing mushrooms, and water, and stirring the mixture.

The inoculation is preferably performed in a clean room.

[0008] Furthermore, it is preferable to provide a step of breeding the fungus in a culture room controlled in an environment suitable for growing the inoculated mushrooms.

Further, it is preferable that the method further comprises a step of adding a liquid substance obtained by decomposing the fruiting body of a mushroom of the same species as the inoculated inoculum with an enzyme once or plural times.

It is preferable that the inoculated fungus is Matsutake mushroom and the unicellular liquid material of the plants having a symbiotic relationship is the unicellular liquid material of the evergreen tree of the Pinaceae family.

The unicellular liquid material of the evergreen tree of the Pinaceae family is preferably a unicellular liquid material of the root portion of the evergreen tree.

[0012]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. The embodiments described in detail below show the steps of a method for cultivating mushrooms, especially matsutake mushrooms.

(1) First, a medium for cultivating Matsutake mushrooms is manufactured. Using sawdust such as hardwood as a base material, rice bran, bran, other nutrient sources, and water are mixed and stirred to produce a medium. Here, other components serving as a nutrient source include a corncob mycelium activator and the like.

(2) Sterilize the medium. Normally,
Sterilize the medium by high temperature steam sterilization. The conditions for sterilization (sterilization) are as follows: atmospheric pressure is about 1.2 atm, temperature is about 120 ° C., and sterilization time is about 4 hours. In addition, since it suffices that the medium can be sterilized (sterilized), it goes without saying that there is no problem even under other conditions or by using other sterilization methods.

After the sterilization is completed, the medium is transferred to a clean room and waits until the temperature of the medium falls to room temperature.

(3) Sterilization in a clean device
Then, inoculate the medium returned to room temperature. The inoculum to be inoculated is obtained by mating matsutake mushrooms.

(4) The liquid material of the root portion of the unicellularized evergreen tree of the Pinaceae family is added to the medium. The addition of the liquid substance is performed once or plural times depending on the condition of the medium. By this step, a state similar to a symbiotic relationship can be created, and thereafter, the hyphae of Matsutake fungi propagate in the medium.

Here, the liquid substance of the root portion of the evergreen tree of the family Pinaceae, which has been made unicellular, acts on an enzyme that does not decompose the cell wall and can selectively decompose intercellular substances,
It is a liquid substance in which 90% or more, preferably 100%, of all cells in the root part of the evergreen tree of the Pinaceae family are made into single cells. Examples of the enzyme capable of selectively decomposing intercellular substances without decomposing the cell wall include, for example, A
spergillus niger and Rhizopus
sp. Polygalacturonase (polygal)
acturonase, pectinase
ase); Aspergillus niger and As
Aspe such as pergillus japonicus
rgillus sp. Derived pectin lyase (p
ectin lyase); Aspergillus
japonicus-derived pectolyase (pect
lyase) and the like, but any enzyme can be used without particular limitation as long as it is an enzyme that does not decompose the cell wall of plant material and can selectively decompose intercellular substances.

These enzymes are, for example, the above-mentioned Rhizop.
us sp. And Aspergillus sp. It is possible to use the product isolated from the above by a usual known method. When these enzymes are allowed to act on the plant material, it is preferable that the enzymes are allowed to act under optimum conditions such as optimum temperature and optimum pH, and that the minimum amount is used. The optimum temperature is usually 30 to 40 ° C, and the optimum pH is 4
~ 6.

The amount of the unicellularizing enzyme added varies depending on the type of enzyme, the titer, the type of plant material and the like and cannot be specified unconditionally. Parts by mass.

(5) A liquid substance obtained by decomposing the fruiting bodies of mushrooms of the same species as the inoculated seeds with an enzyme is added to the medium. The addition of the liquid substance is performed once or plural times depending on the condition of the medium.

The liquid substance of the fruiting body is an intercellular substance-degrading enzyme agent mainly containing a protopectin-degrading enzyme produced by a filamentous fungus of the genus Rhizopus in mushrooms of the same species as the inoculated inoculum. Trichoderma (Tri
choderma) a method obtained by acting in combination with a fiber-degrading enzyme agent mainly containing a cellulolytic enzyme produced by a filamentous fungus, and Rhiz (Rhiz)
Opus) filamentous fungus-produced protopectin-degrading enzyme-containing intercellular substance-degrading enzyme agent, and Aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger)
r) A method and the like obtained by allowing a cellulose-degrading enzyme produced by a filamentous fungus and a fiber-degrading enzyme agent mainly containing a hemicellulose-degrading enzyme to act together are included, but the method is not particularly limited to these.

It is not always necessary to add a liquid substance obtained by decomposing the fruiting body with an enzyme to the medium, but by doing this, the growth of matsutake mushrooms is promoted.

(6) The medium is transferred to the culture room, the environment such as the temperature of the culture room is controlled, and the bacteria are propagated.

As the environment of the culture room, the temperature is 18 ° C.
The water content of the medium is kept at 50 to 80% (water content 6%).
Most preferably, it is around 0%. ), And a light illuminance of 100 to 300 lux (about 200 lux is most preferable).

(7) Mycelium spreads in about 30 to 60 days, and thereafter buds are generated (primitive formation). And then
Fruit bodies grow and harvest matsutake mushrooms grown to any size.

According to the cultivation method of the present embodiment, by adding a single cell liquid of a plant having a symbiotic relationship to the medium, a state similar to that of a symbiotic relationship can be created. Even mushrooms can be artificially cultivated.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and modifications, improvements, etc. within the scope of achieving the object of the present invention are included in the present invention. For example, the culture may be subdivided into bags, bottles, and other containers for the above cultivation work, or may be heat-resistant and then subjected to high temperature sterilization.

Further, a step of adding antifreeze protein (AFP) can be added to the step of cultivating Matsutake mushrooms and the like. Here, "antifreeze protein (AFP)" is a kind of protein derived from beech smelt and smelt. After harvesting matsutake mushrooms fed with it, it is frozen and stored at -20 ° C and thawed after 10 days. There are few omissions and there is tension, A
Compared to Matsutake without FP, the degree of quality deterioration was less. This is because "antifreeze protein (AFP)" prevented cell destruction due to growth of ice crystals, and it was confirmed by freeze / thaw experiments that it has an effect on quality maintenance. This makes it possible to provide a frozen matsutake mushroom that has a texture that is similar to that of a raw matsutake mushroom. In addition, it can be stored for a long period of time while maintaining a texture close to that of raw.

In addition, a step of adding ceramide can be added to the step of cultivating Matsutake mushrooms and the like. Here, "ceramide" is a kind of lipid contained in a large amount of grains such as konjac potato, wheat and rice bran, and has the effect of improving skin moisturizing effect, whitening effect, and moisturizing and firming the skin. It is usually present in human keratinocytes in a proportion of 40 to 60%, and it is said that if this is insufficient, the condition of dry sensitive skin and atopic dermatitis are likely to occur. By adding `` ceramide '' effectively and highly purified and purified from konjac potato in the cultivation process of matsutake mushrooms, it absorbs as nutrients during the growth process, so matsutake mushrooms cultivated and harvested by this cultivation method are Good for the skin (improves skin moisturizing effect, whitening effect, moisturizes and firms the skin).

[0031]

As described above, according to the method for cultivating mushrooms according to the present invention, a state similar to a symbiotic relationship can be created by adding a single cell solution of a plant having a symbiotic relationship to a medium. Therefore, even mushrooms such as matsutake mushrooms having a symbiotic relationship can be artificially cultivated.

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A step of sterilizing a medium, a step of inoculating a sterilized medium with an inoculum, and a unicellular liquid material of a plant having a symbiotic relationship with the inoculated cell, once or a plurality of times in the medium. A method for cultivating mushrooms, which comprises the step of adding again. 2. The method for cultivating mushrooms according to claim 1, wherein the medium is a mixture of sawdust such as hardwood as a base material, water, and nutrients necessary for growing mushrooms, and the mixture is stirred. A method for cultivating mushrooms, which is characterized by being produced by. 3. The method for cultivating mushrooms according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the inoculation is performed in a clean room. 4. The method for cultivating mushrooms according to claim 1, further comprising the step of propagating the fungus in a culture room controlled in an environment suitable for growing inoculated mushrooms. A method for cultivating mushrooms, which comprises: 5. The method for cultivating mushrooms according to claim 1, further comprising the step of adding once or a plurality of times a liquid substance obtained by enzymatically decomposing the fruit bodies of mushrooms of the same species as the inoculated inoculum. A method for cultivating mushrooms, which comprises preparing. 6. The method for cultivating mushrooms according to claim 1, wherein the inoculated fungus is Matsutake fungi, and the unicellular liquid substance of a symbiotic plant is an evergreen tree of the Pinaceae family. 1. A method for cultivating mushrooms, which is a unicellular liquid material. 7. The method for cultivating a mushroom according to claim 6, wherein the liquid matter in which the evergreen tree of the Pinaceae family is unicellularized is a liquid cell in which the root portion of the evergreen tree is unicellularized. A method for cultivating mushrooms characterized by: