JP2003184485A - Structure of shield machine and method of replacing roller cutter of shield machine - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a structure of a shield machine capable of performing a replacement operation for a roller cutter even under sea level where there is much spring water and a method of replacing the roller cutter of the shield machine. <P>SOLUTION: In this structure of the shield machine formed of a plurality of large circular cutter heads 1 disposed in proximity with each other, the excavating faces of the large circular cutter heads 1 are formed of an outer peripheral cutter 2 and a center cutter 3. The outer peripheral cutter 2 and the center cutter 3 can be rotated integrally with each other or separately from each other. A plurality of detachable roller cutters 41 disposed in circumferential direction are fitted to the outer peripheral cutter 2, an outer peripheral groove 5 and a gate 6 are provided in the outer peripheral cutter 2. A replacement push-out jack 7, a center groove 81, and an extraction jack 82 for replacement are provided to the center cutter 3. A working lock 9 as a space leading to the center groove 81 and used for performing the replacement operation by storing the roller cutters 41 is provided. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a structure of a shield machine and a roller cutter replacement method thereof.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a shield machine a has been used to construct a tunnel in the ground. It is possible to use one unit or a combination of shields of various sizes, and change the cross-sectional shape to be excavated, depending on the intended use of the tunnel to be constructed.

When excavating sedimentary rock mass with a shield machine a, a roller cutter b is often used in combination with a bit on the front surface of a cutter head c (see FIG. 9). Since the roller cutter b is arranged so as to project to the front side, it is worn out so much that the roller cutter b may have to be replaced by excavation of several hundred meters. For this reason, it is necessary to replace the worn roller cutter b. As a means for that, the shield machine a that is excavating is temporarily stopped, then the shield machine a is retracted, and the worker is placed in the space formed between the face and the cutter head c. Therefore, the roller cutter b must be replaced manually (see FIG. 8).

[0004]

The above-mentioned conventional roller cutter replacement method for the shield machine has the following problems. <A> When replacing the roller cutter, a worker comes out in a space formed between the face and the cutter head to perform the replacement work. Therefore, when there is a lot of spring water under the seabed, the roller cutter cannot be replaced, and since it goes out of the shield machine, the worker is at risk of collapsing the ground. <B> Further, in order to ensure the safety of the worker who performs the replacement work outside the shield, the ground may be strengthened by the ground improvement such as the chemical injection method. Therefore, a construction period, a large construction cost, labor, etc. are required, which is not economical. In addition, there is concern about natural destruction due to ground improvement. <C> Furthermore, until the ground is strengthened, work outside the shield involves danger, so ground improvement must be performed from inside the shield machine. Therefore, the work efficiency is low and the construction period is extended. <D> The replacement work of the roller cutter is performed in the space formed between the face and the cutting face by retracting the shield machine that has once advanced in the excavation direction. Therefore, work efficiency is poor.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, and can replace a roller cutter of a shield machine even in a place with a large amount of spring water, such as below the sea surface. An object of the present invention is to provide a structure of a machine and a method for replacing the roller cutter.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a shield machine structure and a method for replacing the roller cutter that can be safely replaced without risk of replacement of the roller cutter. Especially, it is not necessary to strengthen the ground to replace the roller cutter,
It is an object of the present invention to provide a structure of a shield machine and a method for replacing the roller cutter, which requires a minimum construction period, a large construction cost, and labor. In addition, another object of the present invention is to provide a structure of a shield machine in which natural destruction due to ground improvement or the like for replacing the roller cutter is small and a method for replacing the roller cutter. Another object of the present invention is to provide a structure of a shield machine having a work space sufficient for efficiently exchanging a roller cutter and a method for exchanging the roller cutter. In addition, it is an object of the present invention to provide a structure of a shield machine that does not require a dug in the shield machine and a method of replacing the roller cutter when the roller cutter is replaced. The present invention achieves at least one of these objectives.

[0006]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a structure of a shield machine comprising a plurality of great circle cutter heads arranged close to each other, wherein The excavation surface is composed of an outer peripheral cutter formed in an annular shape and a central cutter arranged inside the outer peripheral cutter, and the outer peripheral cutter and the central cutter can rotate as an integral body or as a separate body. Is provided with a plurality of detachable roller cutters protruding in the digging direction that are arranged in the circumferential direction, an outer peripheral groove that opens toward the outer peripheral direction from the central cutter, and a gate that shuts off the outer peripheral groove from the outside. The cutter has a replacement push-out jack that pushes out the roller cutter in a radial direction, a central groove formed so as to divide the roller cutter into two parts through the center of the central cutter, and the roller in the central groove. A replacement drawing jack attract jitter inwardly disposed, and has a working lock is a space for performing a replacement operation by accommodating the roller cutter connected to the central groove.

Further, in the method of exchanging the roller cutter having the structure of the shield machine described above, the rotation of each great circle cutter head is stopped, and the exchangeable roller cutter is arranged on one of the great circle cutter heads and the exchange is necessary. Extrusion jack for
And the outer peripheral groove of the great circle cutter head and the withdrawal jack for replacement arranged on the other side are arranged on a straight line connecting the centers of both by the rotation of both great circle cutter heads, and the outer peripheral groove of the outer peripheral groove is extended when the replacement extrusion jack is extended. Open the gate and push the roller cutter into the outer circumferential groove, and pull the roller cutter toward the center by the replacement extraction jack,
After that, the gate is closed, the roller cutter is housed in the work lock, and the roller cutter is replaced in the work lock.

[0008]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

<B> Overall Configuration FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a shield machine. The shield machine according to the present invention is a shield machine in which the great circle cutter head 1 is translated in close proximity to the front surface in the excavation direction, and is composed of large and small shield machines. The great circle cutter head 1 is located on the front side in the direction of excavation, and the small circle cutter head 11 is arranged behind it. It should be noted that the shield machine may have any other configuration as long as the great circle cutter heads 1 are arranged close to each other.

<B> Large circle cutter head The large circle cutter head 1 is an excavation portion having a substantially circular plane shape which is located on the front surface of the shield machine and has the same structure. The structure of the great circle cutter head 1 is roughly divided into an outer peripheral cutter 2 forming an annular shape and a central cutter 3 forming an inner side thereof. The contact surface between the outer peripheral cutter 2 and the central cutter 3 is engraved with concave and convex grooves in the circumferential direction, and the grooves can keep the same plane. At the time of excavation, both are integrally formed by a fixture such as a pin and rotated. However, if the fixing tool is removed, the outer peripheral cutter 2 and the central cutter 3 can be rotated separately as separate bodies. Therefore, the outer peripheral cutter 2 is provided with a rotation motor 21 for rotating independently.

<C> Outer peripheral cutter A plurality of roller cutters 41 are circumferentially arranged on the outer peripheral cutter 2, and all of them are arranged on the outer peripheral cutter 2 in a detachable manner. Further, between the roller cutters 41 arranged in the circumferential direction, an outer peripheral groove 5 is formed outward from the central cutter 3, and is also formed in the outer peripheral cutter 2 on the opposite side across the center of the shield circle. ing. The outer peripheral groove 5 is used as a path for moving the roller cutter 41 and as a standby place for the replacement pull-out jack 82. A gate 6 is provided at a position near the outer circumference of the outer circumferential groove 5, and the gate 6 can be opened / closed to freely shut off from the outside. Further, the gate 6 may be doubled toward the outside and has a structure capable of completely blocking the outside.

<D> Roller Cutter The roller cutter 41 is incorporated in the cassette 42, and a plurality of roller cutters 41 are arranged in the circumferential direction of the outer peripheral cutter 2. The outer shape of the cassette 42 is a cubic three-dimensional shape, and the inner shape thereof has a structure in which the roller cutter 41 can be easily removed and replaced. The roller cutter 41 is arranged so that a part thereof is projected from the cassette 42, and this protruding part is arranged on the outer peripheral cutter 2 in the excavation direction and serves as a part for excavating rock (see FIG. 6). A support wedge 43 is arranged on the bottom surface of the cassette 42. The mating surfaces of the cassette 42 and the support wedge 43 are inclined in the circumferential direction with respect to the surface of the great circle cutter head 1, and it is also possible to form concave and convex grooves in the radial direction. When the arrangement relationship between the cassette 42 and the support wedge 43 is seen in a cross section in the tunnel axis direction, the cassette 42 and the support wedge 43 are arranged in this order from the front. Therefore, the support wedge 4
Similarly to the cassette 42, a plurality of 3 are arranged in the circumferential direction of the outer peripheral cutter 2. Also, adjacent to the support wedges 43,
The jack 44 is arranged. The jack 44 is arranged in such a direction as to move the support wedge 43 in the circumferential direction, and is fixed to the outer peripheral cutter 2.

Due to the expansion and contraction of the jack 44, the roller cutter 41 moves forward or backward in the excavation direction.
This is due to the extension of the jack 44 in the circumferential direction by the support wedge 4
This is because a force that is pushed out from the bottom in the excavation direction acts on the cassette 42 via the mating surface with 3. Conversely, when the jack 44 is shortened, the cassette 42 retracts.
When replacing the roller cutter 41, the jack 44 is further contracted and the cassette 42 is dropped into the groove 45 formed below the cassette 42.

When the roller cutter 41 is replaced, the roller cutter 41 is moved along the straight line connecting the centers of the respective great circle cutter heads 1 by a combination of expansion and contraction of the replacement push-out jack 7 and the replacement pull-out jack 82. In this case,
First, the jack 44 is contracted and dropped into the groove 45, and then
The roller cutter 41 is moved to a predetermined position by a combination of expansion and contraction of the replacement push-out jack 7 and the replacement pull-out jack 82.

<E> Central cutter The central cutter 3 has a replacement extrusion jack 7 and a central groove 8.
1, a replacement pull-out jack 82 is arranged, and an excavator tool such as a cutas pork can be provided. The central groove 81 is formed so as to pass through the center of the great circle cutter head 1 and divide the surface of the central cutter 3 into two parts. A replacement pull-out jack 82 is arranged in the central groove 81, and the central groove 81 includes the roller cutter 41 and the replaceable pull-out jack 82.
Is used to move. The replacement push-out jack 7 and the replacement pull-out jack 82 are arranged so as to intersect with each other, and it is not always necessary to arrange them at right angles. The work lock 9, which is a place where the roller cutter 41 is replaced, is connected to the central groove 81. Normally, the work lock 9 is the central cutter 3.
Although it is placed in the center of the, it can be placed anywhere in the shield machine. The work lock 9 secures a sufficient space for the replacement work of the roller cutter 41.

<F> Replacement Extraction Jack The replacement extraction jack 82 has an outer peripheral groove 5 and a central groove 81.
The upper roller cutter 41 can be moved.
With this replacement pull-out jack 82, the roller cutter 41
Not only can be pulled toward the center of the great circle cutter head 1a, but also the newly replaced roller cutter 41 can be pushed outward. Therefore, a mechanism for gripping and detaching the cassette 42 is provided at the tip of the replacement pull-out jack 82. The removal jack 82 for replacement includes a moving jack 83.
Can be arranged in parallel and connected. The moving jack 83 is used when the replacement pullout jack 82 is moved, and is used, for example, when the replacement pullout jack 82 blocks the opening of the work lock 9. By moving the replacement extraction jack 82, the plane of the great circle cutter head 1 can be effectively used.

<G> Exchange Extrusion Jack The exchange extrusion jack 7 can extrude the roller cutter 41 in the same great circle cutter head 1b into the other great circle cutter head 1a. On the contrary, the newly exchanged roller cutter 41 can be pulled to a predetermined position and arranged.

Next, a method for replacing the roller cutter using the shield machine of the present invention will be described.

[0019]

[Example] <B> Arrangement at a predetermined position by rotation of the great circle cutter head (see FIG. 1) The rotation of the shield machine for excavation is stopped. At this time,
The surfaces of both great circle cutter heads 1a and 1b are on the same plane. Next, in the great circle cutter head 1b, the roller cutter 41, which needs to be replaced due to wear or the like, and the replacement extrusion jack 7 are arranged on a straight line connecting the centers of the great circle cutter heads 1a and 1b. This arrangement can be arranged by releasing the fixing of the outer cutter 2b and the central cutter 3b, which are respectively arranged, and rotating them separately. In the other great circle cutter head 1a as well, the cutter is similarly rotated to dispose the outer peripheral groove 5 and the replacement extraction jack 82 at predetermined positions.

<B> Movement of Roller Cutter (Part 1) Next, the replacement pull-out jack 82 arranged on the central cutter 3a of the great circle cutter head 1a is slid outward (see FIG. 2). The replacement pull-out jack 82 is moved by the extension of the jack 83 and can be slid into the outer peripheral groove 5. By this movement, the entrance of the work lock 9 that has been closed is opened. After that, the gate 6 is opened to prepare for receiving the roller cutter 41. on the other hand,
In the other great circle cutter head 1b, the jack 44 is contracted to drop the roller cutter 41 into the groove 45, and the replacement push jack 7 is extended to push the roller cutter 41,
It is moved into the gate 6 (see FIG. 3).

<C> Movement of Roller Cutter (Part 2) At the same time that the roller cutter 41 is taken into the gate 6, the gate 6 is closed (see FIG. 4). After that, the exchange extraction jack 82 is contracted, and the roller cutter 41 is pulled to a position where it can be taken into the work lock 9 (see FIG. 5).
A worker who has been placed in the work lock 9 in advance takes in the roller cutter 41 that has moved in the central groove 81 into the work lock 9. The roller cutter 41 taken into the work lock 9 is removed from the cassette 42, replaced with a new roller cutter 41, and returned to the original central groove 81. The above work is rewound, and the newly replaced roller cutter 41 is arranged at a predetermined position. When the replacement of the roller cutter 41 is completed, the outer peripheral cutter 2b is rotated, and another roller cutter 41 can be replaced by the same procedure. In this way, the roller cutter 41 of the great circle cutter head 1a on the opposite side is
Can be replaced as well.

[0022]

Since the structure of the shield machine and the method for exchanging the roller cutter thereof according to the present invention are as described above, the following effects can be obtained. <A> The roller cutter moves back and forth between both great circle cutter heads and is replaced with a new roller cutter. Gates are provided on the outer peripheral cutters of the moving paths of the respective great circle cutter heads, so that they can be reliably shut off from the outside. Therefore, the roller cutter can be replaced even in a place where there is a lot of spring water such as under the sea surface or in an environment where the groundwater pressure is high. <B> The replacement work of the roller cutter can be performed in a work lock provided in the shield machine. Therefore, it is not necessary to go out of the shield machine, and the replacement work can be performed safely. In addition, since it is not necessary to go outside the shield, it is not necessary to strengthen the ground. As a result, the construction period is shortened, the construction cost is reduced, and the labor is reduced, which is economical. And it is kind to nature. <C> Further, since the roller cutter replacement space is provided in the shield machine, a relatively large space can be formed, which leads to an efficient replacement work. <D> The roller cutters that need to be replaced can be taken into the work lock by rotating the respective great circle cutter heads and expanding and contracting the jacks. Further, the structure of the great circle cutter head is composed of a central cutter and an outer peripheral cutter, each of which can rotate as a separate body. For this reason, it is not necessary to construct a replacement work space outside the shield, and thus no extra movement of the shield is required. Further, once the jacks are set at a predetermined position, another roller cutter can be replaced by simply rotating the outer cutter, which is efficient. In addition, since these moving operations are performed on a straight line connecting the centers of the shields, there is no concern that sand, water, etc. accumulated below the shield surface will enter the empty space of the roller cutter being replaced. Further, instead of the roller cutter, by incorporating a tooth bit located on the outer peripheral portion of the great circle cutter head into the cassette, replacement can be performed by the same operation.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of an embodiment of a shield machine structure and a roller cutter replacement method according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of an embodiment of the structure of the shield machine and the method for replacing the roller cutter of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic front view of the embodiment of the structure of the shield machine and the method for replacing the roller cutter of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic front view of an embodiment of the structure of the shield machine and the method for replacing the roller cutter of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view in the tunnel axis direction of an embodiment of the structure of the shield machine and the method for replacing the roller cutter of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a detailed explanatory view of the roller cutter of the shield machine according to the present invention, which is housed therein.

FIG. 7 is a detailed explanatory view of the roller cutter of the shield machine, taken along the line AA of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of replacement of a roller cutter of a conventional shield machine.

FIG. 9 is a front view of a conventional shield machine.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... Great circle cutter head 2 ... Peripheral cutter head 3 ... Central cutter head 41 ... Roller cutter 5 ... Perimeter groove 6 ... Gate 7 ... Extrusion jack for replacement 81 ... Central groove 82 ... Replacement pull-out jack 9 ... Work lock

   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    (72) Inventor Itsuo Hirano             1-25-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo Taisei             Construction Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Masatoshi Kimura             1-25-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo Taisei             Construction Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Kazuo Takamizawa             1-25-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo Taisei             Construction Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Takanobu Miki             11-11 Kitahamacho, Chita City, Aichi Prefecture Ishikawajima Harima             Heavy industry Aichi factory (72) Inventor Makoto Sugimori             11-11 Kitahamacho, Chita City, Aichi Prefecture Ishikawajima Harima             Heavy industry Aichi factory (72) Inventor Hiroyuki Ito             11-11 Kitahamacho, Chita City, Aichi Prefecture Ishikawajima Harima             Heavy industry Aichi factory (72) Inventor Nakajima Univ.             11-11 Kitahamacho, Chita City, Aichi Prefecture Ishikawajima Harima             Heavy industry Aichi factory F-term (reference) 2D054 AB03 AC02 BA03 BB06 BB07

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A structure of a shield machine comprising a plurality of great circle cutter heads arranged close to each other, wherein the excavation surface of each great circle cutter head is arranged in an annular outer peripheral cutter, and is arranged inside the outer peripheral cutter. A central cutter, wherein the outer peripheral cutter and the central cutter can be rotated integrally or separately, and the outer peripheral cutter is provided with a plurality of detachable roller cutters protruding in the digging direction arranged in the circumferential direction. An outer peripheral groove that is opened from the central cutter toward the outer peripheral direction, and a gate that blocks the outer peripheral groove from the outside, and the central cutter includes a replacement extruding jack that radially extrudes the roller cutter, A central groove formed so as to be divided into two through the center of the central cutter, and a replacement pull-out jack for pulling the roller cutter inward are provided in the central groove, Characterized in that it has a working lock is a space for performing a replacement operation by accommodating the roller cutters lead to Hisashimizo, the structure of the shield machine. 2. The roller cutter replacement method of the shield machine structure according to claim 1, wherein the rotation of each great circle cutter head is stopped and one of the great circle cutter heads to be replaced is a roller cutter that needs to be replaced. The extruding jack for replacement, and the outer peripheral groove of the great circle cutter head arranged on the other side and the extracting jack for replacement,
Arranged on a straight line connecting the centers of both great circle cutter heads by rotation, and when the replacement extrusion jack is extended, the gate of the outer peripheral groove is opened to push the roller cutter into the outer peripheral groove. Characterized in that the roller cutter is pulled toward the center by a pull-out jack, the gate is then closed to store the roller cutter in a work lock, and the roller cutter is replaced in the work lock. How to replace the roller cutter of the shield machine.