JP2003165477A - Car body front part structure - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To bring out the attraction of a commodity by emphasizing a meter- visor with a V-shaped groove part to appeal even if the meter-visor is integrally formed with a handle cover. <P>SOLUTION: A meter is fitted to a handle 11 provided in a car body front part, and the front part of the meter is covered with the meter-visor 72. In this car body front part structure, the meter-visor 72 is integrally formed with the handle cover 12 for covering the handle 11, and the handle cover 12 is formed with the V-shaped groove part with a front view to divide the meter- visor 72. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a vehicle body front structure that emphasizes a meter visor and enhances the attractiveness of a handle cover and a front cover.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a vehicle body front structure, for example, one described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 10-167146 "Accessory mounting structure for vehicle" is known. FIG. 1 of the above publication
2 shows a structure in which the steering handle 4 is covered with a handle cover, a meter panel is attached to the handle cover, and a meter visor integrally formed with the handle cover is arranged in front of the meter panel.

[0003]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In the technique disclosed in the above publication,
By integrally molding the meter visor on the handle cover,
This is effective for reducing the number of parts, but if the meter visor is integrally molded in this way, the accent of the external design will be weakened and it will be unattractive. Further, no particular consideration is given to the cooperation between the exterior design of the handle cover and the exterior design of the front cover.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to improve the front structure of the vehicle body so as to emphasize the meter visor and to enhance the attractiveness of the product by coordinating the outer appearance designs of the handle cover and the front cover.

[0005]

In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention is a vehicle body front structure in which a meter is attached to a handle provided at a front portion of the vehicle body and a front portion of the meter is covered with a meter visor. Is integrally formed with a handle cover that covers the handle, and a groove portion that partitions the meter visor is formed in a V shape in a front view in the handle cover. Even if the meter visor is integrally formed with the handle cover, the V-shaped groove portion can emphasize the meter visor to give it a presence, and the product appeal can be brought out.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, the lower edge of the handle cover is formed in a V shape when viewed from the front. The V-shaped lower edge can give a fearless impression to the entire handle cover.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, a front cover is provided below the handle cover, a head lamp and a winker are provided on the front surface of the front cover, and the lower edges of the head lamp and the winker are formed in a V shape. Is characterized by. Not only the handlebar cover, but also the headlamps and turn signals provided on the front cover create a sense of unity in the design, and the exterior design of the handlebar cover and front cover can be coordinated, and the uniformity of the design gives the user a good impression. As a result, the product appeal of the front part of the vehicle body can be increased.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the front cover is formed with a recess along the lower edge of the headlamp. The V-shaped lower edge of the headlamp can be emphasized by the concave portion of the front cover, and a more fearful impression can be given.

A fifth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that a position lamp having a bulb facing forward is attached to a lower triangular portion of the headlamp. The triangular portion, which tends to become a dead space, can be effectively used as the light emitting portion.

[0010]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings should be viewed in the direction of the reference numerals. FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a motorcycle that employs a vehicle body front structure according to the present invention. A motorcycle 10 has a uniform design in each part, and thus is not used in conventional motorcycles, particularly scooter type vehicles. It was a car that was scarcely feared and strongly appealed for its sharp appearance and also had distinctive functions.

That is, a handle cover 12 for covering the handle 11, a front cover 14 for covering the upper part of the front fork 13, a head lamp 15 and front blinkers 16 and 16 embedded in the front cover 14 (a front blinker 16 on one side is not shown), A front fender 18 that covers the upper portion of the front wheel 17, a step floor 21 on which the driver places his / her feet, a tandem seat 22, a body cover 23 that covers the lower side of the tandem seat 22, a tail lamp unit (not shown) arranged behind the body cover 23, a tandem seat. A rear grip 24, which is arranged behind the tandem seat 22 for a passenger sitting at the rear of the seat 22, to grip, is a part to which the above-mentioned design uniformity and characteristic functions are added. The recess 23a, which will be described later, of the body cover 23 is hatched to facilitate understanding of its shape. (Hereinafter, the same applies to FIGS. 6 and 7.)

FIG. 2 is a side view of the motorcycle according to the present invention. The motorcycle 10 includes a head pipe 32 attached to the front end of a body frame 31, and a front fork 13 rotatably attached to the head pipe 32. , A front wheel 17 attached to the lower end of the front fork 13, a front fender 18 that covers the front wheel 17, a handle 11 attached to the upper portion of the front fork 13, and a handle 1
1, a handle cover 12 for covering 1 and a front fork 13
Front cover 14 that covers the upper part of the
The head lamp 15 is arranged such that the front surface of the lens 4 and the lens surface are substantially continuous surfaces, and the front cover 1
Front winkers 16 and 16 arranged so that the front surface of the lens 4 and the lens surface are substantially continuous surfaces (the front winker 16 on the back side is not shown), and the leg shield 33 provided on the side rear portion of the front cover 14. Consists of.

In the motorcycle 10, the front inner cover 34 attached to the rear portion of the leg shield 33, the leg shield 33 and the front inner cover 3 are provided.
4, a step floor 21 arranged rearward and below and a body cover 2 for covering the vehicle body above and behind the step floor 21.
3, a tandem seat 22 arranged above the body cover 23, a rear grip 24 arranged behind the tandem seat 22, a tail lamp unit 35 arranged behind the body cover 23, and a rear lower part of the body cover 23. It comprises a rear fender 36, a stowable passenger step 37 attached to the rear part of the step floor 21, and a lower cover 38 for covering the lower part of the step floor 21.

Further, the motorcycle 10 has a body frame 3
1, a swing type power unit 41 swingably attached to the lower part of the central portion of 1, a rear wheel 42 attached to the rear portion of the power unit 41, and a rear end portion attached to the rear end of the power unit 41 and the rear portion of the vehicle body frame 31. It comprises a cushion unit 43 and a stand 44 arranged below the power unit 41.

Here, 51 is a radiator, 52 is a fan for radiator, 53 is a reservoir tank for cooling water, 54 ...
-(... indicates a plurality, the same applies below) is the lower cover 38
, 55 is a battery, 56 is a spark plug maintenance lid, 57 is a carburetor, 61 is an air cleaner, 62 is a fuel tank, 63 is a storage box for storing a helmet or the like, 64, 64 are rearview mirrors, 65,
Reference numeral 66 is a brake lever (the brake lever 66 on the rear side is not shown), 67 is an engine forming the front portion of the power unit 41, 67a, 67b, 67c are cylinder portions, cylinder heads, head covers 68 forming the engine 67.
Is the crankshaft.

FIG. 3 is a side view showing an essential part of the vehicle body front structure according to the present invention, in which the front surface 14a of the front cover 14 and the lens surface 15a of the headlamp 15 at the vehicle body front portion are made substantially continuous without any step. The front surface 14a of the front cover 14 is composed of a cover upper surface 14b located above the headlamp 15 and a cover lower surface 14c located below the headlamp 15 as a continuous surface.
5 lens surface 15a up and down, the inclination angle θ with respect to the vertical line
1 is composed of a lamp upper surface 15b that is substantially the same as the cover upper surface 14b of the front cover 14, and a lens lower surface 15c that has a smaller inclination angle θ2 with respect to the vertical line than the lamp upper surface 15b. The bending point 15 is set at the boundary with the lens lower surface 15c.
It is shown as d.

The cover lower surface 14c of the front cover 14
Is a portion where a recess 14d is formed on the upper portion along the lower edge of the headlamp 15. The front cover 14 is integrally formed with the leg shield 33.

The front fender 18 arranged below the front cover 14 has a top edge 18a (that is, a contour) of the front fender 18 in a side view as described above.
And a member formed substantially parallel to the contour of the lens upper surface 15b.

The handle cover 12 arranged above the front cover 14 is a member in which the contour of the front surface 12a is formed substantially in parallel with the contour of the tip portion 14e of the cover lower surface 14c except the recessed portion 14d in a side view. Is.
In addition, 71 is a meter such as a speedometer and a fuel gauge, and 72
Is a meter visor integrally formed with the handle cover 12 to cover the front of the meter 71, and 73 is a hook (a so-called convenience store hook) for hanging a shopping bag or the like.

FIG. 4 is a front view showing a main part of the vehicle body front structure according to the present invention, in which the lower edge 15e of the headlamp 15 and the lower edges 16a, 16a of the front turn signals 16, 16 are formed in a V shape. Then, the recess 1 of the front cover 14
4d is formed in a V shape along the lower edge 15e of the headlamp 15, and is provided on the cover lower surface 14c of the front cover 14 (the front surface 14a below both the headlamp 15 and the front winkers 16, 16). Ridge 14f
Is formed into a V shape.

Further, in the drawing, it is shown that the handle cover 12 is formed with a groove 12b for partitioning the meter visor 72 in a V shape, and the lower edge 12c of the handle cover 12 itself is also formed in a V shape.

The headlamp 15 has a lens surface 15a
It is formed from a cut surface 15f with a cut and a substantially circular clear surface 15g without a cut,
A position lamp 74 is attached to a portion corresponding to the lower triangular cut surface 15f. 15h is the bending point 1
It is a ridge line passing through 5d, and the lens surface 15a bends with this ridge line 15h as a boundary.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line 5-5 of FIG. 4, in which the headlamp 15 includes a housing 76 and the housing 7.
6 and the reflector 77 installed in the
A headlamp bulb 78 attached to the substantially central part of the
A lens 81 attached to the front part of the housing 76, a position lamp bulb 82 for a position lamp 74 is attached to the lower part of the housing 76, and a position lamp reflector 83 is attached to the lower part of the reflector 77.
Is integrally molded. In addition, 85 and 86 are cables and connectors for energizing the headlamp bulb 78, and 87 is a seal rubber attached to the rear portion of the housing 76.

The bending point 15d provided on the lens surface 15a of the lens 81 is provided substantially at the height of the upper edge 77a of the reflector 77, and most of the light reflected by the reflector 77 is transmitted through the lens lower surface 15c. As a result, the amount of light that is emitted to the front of the vehicle body is secured.

FIG. 6 is a side view of the vehicle body according to the present invention,
A triangular recess 23a is formed on the side surface of the body cover 23, the width of which is narrowed toward the upper rear, and the ridge line 2 formed on the rear of the body cover 23 is formed at the rearmost portion of the recess 23a.
It shows that the front end of 3b is connected. The recess 23a is a portion arranged above the passenger step 37 in FIG.

Returning to FIG. 6, the body cover 23 has a rear end formed with an extending portion 23c having a width narrowed upward and rearward. The tail lamp unit 35 arranged at the rear of the body cover 23 includes a stop lamp 91 and rear turn signals 9 arranged on both sides of the stop lamp 91.
2, 92 (the rear winker 92 on the back side is not shown).

The stop lamp 91 is a component in which a rear end edge (that is, a lens surface) 91b of the lens 91a is formed in a substantially lateral V shape so that the width becomes narrower toward the rear upper side in a side view. The rear winker 92 is a component in which a rear end edge (that is, a lens surface) 92b of the lens 92a is formed in a substantially lateral V shape so that the width thereof becomes narrower toward the rear upper side in a side view.

The tandem seat 22 comprises a driver seat 95 in the first half and a passenger seat 96 in the latter half, and the seat surface 96a of the passenger seat 96 and the rear upper surface 24a of the rear grip 24 have substantially the same height. It is the one.

The recess 23 of the body cover 23 described above
The operation of a will be described below. FIG. 7 is an operation diagram for explaining the operation of the recess according to the present invention. For example, even when traveling at a low speed in the city in the summer, the recess 23a allows the passenger 98 to sufficiently reach the inside of the leg, particularly below the knee. It is possible to apply a proper running wind (the running wind flows in the direction of the arrow), and it is possible to make the passenger 98, who is hard to hit the upper body or the like behind the driver, with a cool feeling.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing an essential part of the rear portion of the vehicle body according to the present invention, showing a state in which large rear winkers 92, 92 (the rear rear winker 92 not shown) are arranged behind the body cover 23. Show.

Returning to FIG. 6, the rear winker 92 is located between the extending portion 23c of the body cover 23 and the stop lamp 91 in a side view, and has a substantially lateral V-shaped extending portion 23c of the body cover 23. Also, since the rear end edge 92b of the rear winker 92 is also substantially laterally V-shaped with respect to the substantially lateral V-shaped rear edge 91b of the stop lamp 91, the extension portion 23c of the body cover 23 and the stop lamp are also formed. It is possible to occupy a very large area with 91.

FIG. 9 is a side view of the main part of the rear part of the vehicle body according to the present invention, showing that the extending portion 23c of the body cover 23 is formed so as to be wrapped with the winker valve 101 of the rear winker 92 in a side view. .

The rear winker 92 employs a transparent or semi-transparent lens 92a which is not colored, so that the entire winker valve 101 cannot be seen in a side view to improve the external appearance and the winker valve 10
By not hiding the entire 1 and increasing the lens area, the decrease in the light amount is prevented and the visibility from a distance is improved.

FIG. 10 is a rear view showing the rear portion of the vehicle body according to the present invention. By forming the rear side edges 91c, 91c of the lower portion of the lens 91a of the stop lamp 91 so as to widen downward, The area of the lens 91a is further enlarged to improve the visibility from the rear.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing the rear portion of the vehicle body according to the present invention. The rear grip 24 is attached to the vehicle body frame 31 (see FIG. 2) side via the body cover 23 at three places with bolts 104 ... Indicates that The hatched portion at the rear of the tandem seat 22 is a triangular portion 22c described later.

The rear grip 24 has a wide V-shaped portion 24.
b and slender extensions 24c and 24c respectively extending from the ends of the wide portion 24b, and particularly the extension 24
Since c and 24c are located on the side of the passenger, they can easily reach their hands.

FIG. 12 is a plan view of the rear portion of the vehicle body according to the present invention. The rear portion of the tandem seat 22, that is, the rear portion of the passenger seat 96 is projected rearward in a triangular shape in plan view, and the rear grip 24 is flat. Tandem seat 22
It shows that it was formed in almost the same shape as the rear shape.

That is, the rear edge 22a of the tandem seat 22 is formed in a V shape, and the central front edge 24d of the rear grip 24 is formed in a V shape substantially the same as the rear edge 22a of the tandem seat 22.

Further, the side edges 22b of the tandem seat 22 are
22b is made narrower toward the rear, and the front end edges (that is, the inner edges of the extension portions 24c, 24c) 24e, 24e of the rear grip 24 are made substantially the same as the side edges 22b, 22b of the tandem seat 22. Narrow the width toward the rear.

Since the hatched triangular portion 22c is formed in the rear portion of the tandem seat 22, the area of the passenger seat 96 can be increased and the passenger can easily sit. It is also convenient for loading luggage.

Further, the rear edge 24f of the rear grip 24, the rear edge 23d of the body cover 23, the upper rear edge 91d of the stop lamp 91 and the rear edge 35a of the tail lamp unit 35 (the rear edge 35a is seen in a plan view). The rear end edge 91d of the upper surface of the stop lamp 91 and the rear turn signals 92, 92
This is a portion that is combined with the rear end edge of the upper surface of. ) Is formed so that the width becomes narrower toward the rear.

Thus, the rear edge 2 of the tandem seat 22 is
2a, central front edge 24d and rear edge 24 of the rear grip 24
f, the rear edge 23d of the body cover 23, the upper rear edge 91d of the stop lamp 91, and the tail lamp unit 35.
By forming each of the rear end edges 35a in a V shape, a unified design can be achieved and a good impression can be given as a design of the rear portion of the vehicle body.

FIG. 13 is an operational view for explaining the operation of the rear portion of the vehicle body according to the present invention. The seat surface 96a of the passenger seat 96 of the tandem seat 22 and the rear upper surface 2 of the rear grip 24 are shown.
4a shows that a long baggage 106 has been stacked and fixed with a rope 107. In this way, by setting the seat surface 96a of the passenger seat 96 and the rear upper surface 24a of the rear grip 24 at substantially the same height, the luggage 106 can be stably loaded.

FIGS. 14 (a) to 14 (c) are explanatory views for explaining the luggage storage structure of the vehicle body according to the present invention. FIG. 14 (a) is a perspective view for explaining the vehicle body central portion of the motorcycle 10, that is, the step floor 21. It is a figure, the upper lid 111 is provided on the upper surface of the step floor 21, the lower lid 112 is provided on the lower cover 38 under the step floor 21,
It shows that the storage space (described in detail below) provided in the unit 1 can be used.

(B) is a cross-sectional view of the step floor, and in the center of the step floor 21, the body frame 3
1 and the subframes 114, 114 attached to the lower portion of the vehicle body frame 31, are arranged at the apexes of a triangle, the vehicle body frame 31 and the subframe 1
For example, a functional component such as the radiator 51 is disposed in the central space 115 between the central space 11 and the central space 11.
5 shows that a storage space 116 is formed on the side of 5, and the anti-theft member 117 that can be dirty, for example, is stored in the storage space 116. The upper lid 111 is detachable from the step floor 21, and the lower lid 112 is
Is a member that can be opened and closed on the lower cover 38.

The anti-theft member 117 is, for example, one end of which can be connected to the sub-frame 114 and the other end of which can be connected to a member installed outside the vehicle such as a guard rail, an electric pole, or a pole.
Therefore, when the anti-theft member 117 is used,
Only the other end of the anti-theft member 117 needs to be connected, the connecting work can be easily performed, and the anti-theft member 11 can be connected.
By connecting one end of 7 to the vehicle body side, the antitheft member 117 can be prevented from being lost. As the anti-theft member 117, a chain type or a wire type is suitable. (C) is a perspective view of the lower lid 112,
The lower lid 112 includes a main body 121 and side walls 122, 122 attached to the inner end of the main body 121.

As described above with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4, the present invention firstly attaches the meter 71 to the handle 11 provided at the front of the vehicle body, and attaches the front of the meter 71 to the meter visor 7.
In the vehicle body front structure covered with 2, the meter visor 72
Is integrally formed with a handle cover 12 that covers the handle 11, and a groove 12b that defines the meter visor 72 is formed in the handle cover 12 in a V-shape when viewed from the front. Even if the meter visor 72 is integrally formed with the handle cover 12, the V-shaped groove portion 12b can emphasize the meter visor 72 to obtain a presence, and the attractiveness of the product can be obtained.

Secondly, the present invention, as described with reference to FIG.
It is characterized in that the lower edge 12c of the handle cover 12 is formed in a V shape in a front view. The V-shaped lower edge 12c can give a fearless impression to the handle cover 12 as a whole.

Thirdly, the present invention provides a front cover 14 below the handle cover 12, and the front cover 1
The headlamp 15 and the front blinkers 16, 16 are provided on the front surface 14a of the No. 4, and the lower edges 15e, 16 of the headlamp 15 and the blinkers 16, 16 respectively
It is characterized in that a and 16a are formed in a V shape. Not only the handle cover 12, but also the headlamp 15 and the front blinker 16 provided on the front cover 12 have a sense of unity of design, and the handle cover 12 and the front cover 14 can be coordinated in appearance design, and the design is uniform. I can give a good impression to the user,
The product appeal of the front of the vehicle body can be increased.

Fourthly, the present invention provides the front cover 14 with
The recess 14d is formed along the lower edge 15e of the headlamp 15. The recess 14 of the front cover 14
By the d, the V-shaped lower edge 15 of the headlamp 15
e can be emphasized and a more fearful impression can be given.

Fifthly, according to the present invention, as described with reference to FIGS. 3, 4 and 5, the position lamp 74 with the position lamp bulb 82 facing forward is attached to the lower triangular portion of the headlamp 15. It is characterized by having done. The triangular portion, which tends to become a dead space, can be effectively used as the light emitting portion.

In the present invention, the position lamp is provided in the lower part of the headlamp. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the left and right position lamps are provided in the triangular portion by utilizing the left and right ends of the headlamp. May be provided.

[0053]

The present invention has the following effects due to the above configuration. In the vehicle body front structure according to claim 1, the meter visor is integrally formed with the handle cover that covers the handle, and the groove portion that divides the meter visor is formed in a V shape in front view, so that the meter visor is integrally formed with the handle cover. Even if the V-shaped groove is used, the meter visor can be emphasized to have a presence, and the attractiveness of the product can be obtained.

In the vehicle body front structure of the second aspect, since the lower edge of the handle cover is formed in a V shape in a front view, the V-shaped lower edge can give a fearless impression to the entire handle cover.

In the vehicle body front structure according to a third aspect of the present invention, a front cover is provided below the handle cover, headlamps and turn signals are provided on the front surface of the front cover, and lower edges of the headlamps and turn signals are V-shaped. Since it is formed into a shape, not only the handle cover, but also the headlamps and turn signals provided on the front cover give a sense of unity of design, and the appearance design of the handle cover and the front cover can be coordinated, and the design uniformity can be improved by the user. It is possible to give a good impression to the car and enhance the product appeal of the front part of the vehicle body.

According to the vehicle body front structure of the fourth aspect, since the front cover is formed with the recess along the lower edge of the headlamp,
The V-shaped lower edge of the headlamp can be emphasized by the concave portion of the front cover, and a more fearful impression can be given.

In the vehicle body front structure of claim 5, since the position lamp with the bulb facing forward is attached to the lower triangular portion of the headlamp, the triangular portion, which tends to become a dead space, is effectively utilized as the light emitting portion. can do.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a motorcycle employing a vehicle body front structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view of the motorcycle according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a side view showing a main part of a vehicle body front structure according to the invention.

FIG. 4 is a front view showing a main part of a vehicle body front structure according to the invention.

5 is a sectional view taken along line 5-5 of FIG.

FIG. 6 is a side view of a vehicle body according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is an operation diagram for explaining the operation of the recess according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a rear main part of a vehicle body according to the invention.

FIG. 9 is a side view of the main part of the rear portion of the vehicle body according to the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a rear view showing the rear portion of the vehicle body according to the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing a rear portion of a vehicle body according to the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a plan view of the rear portion of the vehicle body according to the present invention.

FIG. 13 is an operation diagram for explaining the operation of the vehicle body rear portion according to the present invention

FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a luggage storage structure for a vehicle body according to the invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

11 ... Handle, 12 ... Handle cover, 12b ... Handle cover groove, 12c ... Handle cover lower edge, 1
3 ... Front fork, 14 ... Front cover, 14a
... front surface of front cover, 14d ... concave portion of front cover, 15 ... headlight, 15e ... lower edge of headlight, 16 ... winker (front winker), 16a
... Lower edge of front blinker, 71 ... Meter, 72 ... Meter visor, 74 ... Position lamp, 82 ... Bulb (bulb for position lamp).

   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    (72) Inventor Ferrara Daniel             Italy 00143 Via De, Rome             La Cetinola 5/7 Honda Ar             Le And Day Europe Italy               Within SRL

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A vehicle body front structure in which a meter is attached to a handle provided on a front portion of a vehicle body, and a front portion of the meter is covered with a meter visor, the meter visor is integrally molded with a handle cover that covers the handle, and the handle cover is formed. A front part structure of a vehicle body, wherein a groove section for partitioning the meter visor is formed in a V shape in a front view. 2. The vehicle body front structure according to claim 1, wherein a lower edge of the handle cover is formed in a V shape in a front view. 3. A front cover for covering a front fork is provided below the handle cover, a head lamp and a turn signal are provided on a front surface of the front cover, and lower edges of the head lamp and the turn signal are formed in a V shape. The vehicle body front structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: 4. The vehicle body front structure according to claim 3, wherein the front cover is formed with a recess along the lower edge of the headlamp. 5. The vehicle body front structure according to claim 3, wherein the headlamp is provided with a position lamp with a bulb facing forward on a lower triangular portion.