JP2003095769A - Method of manufacturing compost fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To manufacture a compost fertilizer by efficiently dehydrating excrement of animals easily compostable and subjecting the same to a fermentation treatment. SOLUTION: This compost fertilizer is formed by adding 0.1 to 10 mass% recycled cellulose fibers to the animal excrement of a moisture content >=90 mass% and agitating the mixture for at least one minute, then further adding an organic polymeric flocculant of 0.01 to 10.0 mass% based on the mass of the animal excrement to the mixture and agitating the mixture to sufficiently form flock, then subjecting the flock to squeezing then to fermentation treatment.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for efficiently dehydrating mud manure of poultry such as chicken, pig, cow, horse, and livestock.
The present invention relates to a method of producing a compost fertilizer by performing a fermentation process.

Manure of poultry such as chickens, pigs, cows, horses, and livestock is usually used as a fertilizer as it is, or dried and burned to be treated. Feces emit a significant foul odor and become a source of spoilage bacteria and pests, which poses a serious problem in terms of environmental pollution.

On the other hand, it has been attempted to produce compost fertilizer from sewage sludge from manure of livestock and poultry, but since these have a high water content of 90% by mass or more, they are usually straw, rice husk, sawdust, etc. 2 to 3 times the water content, water content 60
It is necessary to adjust to about mass%. Therefore, the processing volume is increased, the fermentation tank must be enlarged, and an unbalance of maturity is produced between the manure and the unfermented straw, which has undergone considerable fermentation, rice husks, sawdust, etc.
As a result of fertilizer application in an unripe state, oxygen deficiency and dephosphorization phenomena occur in soil, which causes agricultural damage.

[0004]

Under the above circumstances, the present invention provides a compost fertilizer having the above-mentioned drawbacks by efficiently dehydrating animal manure and facilitating composting, and performing fermentation treatment. It was made for the purpose of manufacturing.

[0005]

Means for Solving the Problems The inventors of the present invention have earnestly studied to efficiently dehydrate animal manure having a high water content to a state having a water content of 65% by mass or less, which is suitable as a raw material for compost. As a result of the above, it was found that the objective can be achieved by press-dehydrating after forming flocs by adding lycellulose fiber and an organic polymer coagulant and optionally an inorganic coagulant to animal manure, The present invention has been completed based on this finding.

That is, according to the present invention, 0.1 to 10% by mass of lycellulose fiber based on the mass of animal manure having a water content of 90% by mass or more is added, and the mixture is stirred for at least 1 minute, and then the amount of animal manure is further increased. Based on 0.01-1
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a compost fertilizer, which comprises adding 0.0% by mass of an organic polymer coagulant and stirring the mixture to sufficiently form flocs, and then squeezing and fermenting.

[0007]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The lycellulose fiber used in the method of the present invention is obtained by roughly crushing waste paper by a conventional method using a shredder or the like, and then using a fine crusher such as a defibration grinder to completely remove the fiber. It is a light brown cotton-like substance obtained by liquefaction.

When the used paper is a printed matter, it is necessary to perform deinking after coarse crushing. This deinking treatment is the same as that for deinking ordinary recycled paper, for example, adding alkali. It can be performed by a method of steaming. At this time, in order to promote deinking, soap, sulfonated oil,
A dispersant such as bentonite, sodium metasilicate and a surfactant can also be used in combination.

The thus completely fibrous fiber is washed with water if necessary and then dried to obtain lycellulose fiber as a light brown cotton-like substance. This product has a structure in which cellulose fibers having different thicknesses and lengths are three-dimensionally intertwined. FIG. 1 is a 100 × magnified micrograph showing this tissue structure. This lycellulose fiber is characterized by easy burning, high moisture absorption, high water absorption, high moisture release and high water release. It has a very high dehydration capacity, and it has a high water content of 95 mass% or more against animal manure stock solution. , 0.5 to 3% by mass, and squeezed to produce 65
It can be dehydrated to a water content of mass% or less.

Next, as the organic polymer flocculant used in the method of the present invention, it is preferable to use a nonionic, cationic or amphoteric synthetic polymer flocculant. Examples of the nonionic synthetic polymer flocculant include polyacrylamide, polyethylene oxide and urea-formalin resin, and examples of the cationic synthetic polymer flocculant include polyaminomethyl acrylamide, polyvinyl imidazoline, chitosan and ionene. System copolymer,
Examples of the epoxyamine-based copolymer, and examples of the amphoteric synthetic polymer flocculant include lecithin-based amphoteric surfactants and casein degradation product-based amphoteric surfactants. The molecular weight of these synthetic polymer flocculants is usually in the range of tens of thousands to millions.

Some of these synthetic polymer flocculants are:
For example, liquid polymer flocculants "E-513" and "E-55"
5 "(both manufactured by Hymo Co., Ltd.). These organic polymer flocculants are usually used in an amount of 0.1 to 0.5% by mass.
It is added to animal manure as a concentrated aqueous solution.

Inorganic polymer flocculants used in combination with these organic polymer flocculants as required include, for example, polyiron (III) sulfate, polyiron (III) chloride, polyaluminum chloride, polyaluminum sulfate. and so on. These inorganic polymer flocculants are usually added to animal manure as an aqueous solution having a concentration of 5 to 15% by mass.

The amount of lycellulose fiber used in the method of the present invention is selected within the range of 0.1 to 10% by mass based on the animal manure stock solution, and this amount varies depending on the type of animal excreting excrement. That is, in the case of cattle, the amount of fiber in the feces is large, so the amount of lycellulose fiber used may be small, and in chickens, since the amount of fiber in the feces is small, it is necessary to increase the amount of lycellulose fiber used. is there. Further, even if animals of the same type have different feed ingredients, it is necessary to increase or decrease the amount of lycellulose fiber used accordingly.

Next, the amount of the organic polymer coagulant used is usually selected within the range of 0.01 to 10.0 mass% based on the mass of the sugar manure stock solution. Although the amount used also varies depending on the type of animal and the components of the feed, it can be considerably reduced to 1/4 to 1/5 as compared with the case of the conventional dehydration treatment of sewage sludge.

Since the animal manure composition varies depending on the breeding environment and season, it is necessary to appropriately increase or decrease the amount of the lycellulose fiber and the organic polymer coagulant used within the above range according to the composition.

In the method of the present invention, the order of addition of the re-cellulose fiber and the organic polymer coagulant is important. First, the re-cellulose fiber is added and stirred to form a slurry, and then the organic polymer coagulant is added. . If this addition order is reversed, the desired dehydration effect cannot be obtained. The formation of this slurry requires vigorous stirring for at least 1 minute, preferably 3-5 minutes.

Next, when an organic polymer coagulant is added to the slurry thus formed and agitated, flocs are gradually formed. Therefore, if sufficient flocs are formed, squeeze treatment is performed. To do. The time required to form this floc is at least 2 minutes, usually 3 to 7 minutes.

The treated product thus sufficiently flocked is squeezed by, for example, a screw press system, a belt press system or a pressure filtration system. The pressing pressure at this time is usually selected from the range of 29400 to 68600 Pa, preferably 49000 Pa or more. A method using a lower pressure than this, for example, a vacuum dehydration method can also be used, but the dehydration performance of the lycellulosic fiber is exhibited as the pressure is higher, so use a squeezing machine with a press pressure as high as possible. It is preferable to carry out.

In the method of the present invention, when an inorganic polymer coagulant is used together with an organic polymer coagulant, a dehydrated cake having a lower water content can be obtained. In this case, the amount of the inorganic polymer coagulant used is 2 of the organic polymer coagulant used in combination.
To 20 times, preferably 1.0 to 5.0 times.

When treated by the method of the present invention, a squeezed liquid is obtained. The squeezed liquid has a nitrogen content of 10 to 20% by mass and a phosphoric acid component of 3 depending on the kind of animal, breeding environment and sampling time. Since it contains 10 to 10 mass% and 5 to 15 mass% of potassium component, it can be used as a liquid fertilizer for agricultural products such as citrus fruits, apples, grapes, pears, peaches, oysters, chestnuts and the like.

By the way, since animal manure has almost no air permeability when the water content is 70% by mass or more, if it is left as it is, anaerobic fermentation causes a remarkable malodor, and the fermentation necessary for producing compost does not proceed. And the water content is 65 mass%.
When the amount is below, air permeability is improved and aerobic fermentation proceeds, so that odor is significantly reduced, composting is smoothly performed, and compost can be obtained in a short time. Therefore, in the method of the present invention, it is necessary to sufficiently dehydrate animal manure until the water content becomes 65% by mass or less.

In the method of the present invention, a compost fertilizer is produced by subjecting the treated animal excrement having a water content of not more than 65% by mass to the compost fertilizer. It is necessary to make compost that can be stored under aerobic conditions in the shortest possible time and does not generate a bad odor. The microorganisms used at this time are a group of microorganisms in which a plurality of microorganisms are mixed, and since they are present in the air and animal manure, it is not necessary to supply them, but if desired, a commercially available microorganism preparation may be used. It can also be added to promote growth.

The microorganism mainly involved in the composting is a room temperature bacterium initially inhabiting the raw material, and as the temperature rises, it transfers to a thermophilic bacterium having an optimum temperature of 50 to 60 ° C. That is, bacteria and filamentous fungi actively work at temperatures from room temperature to 60 ° C, and actinomycetes actively work at 60 ° C.

As described above, the group of microorganisms performing this compost fermentation includes a group of mesophilic bacteria having an optimum temperature of 30 to 40 ° C and a group of thermophilic bacteria having an optimum temperature of 45 to 70 ° C. However, since the fermentation proceeds remarkably faster when the latter is used, the temperature condition is preferably maintained at 60 ° C. or higher.

Further, in this composting process,
It is important to adjust the water content.
When the content is more than mass%, carbon dioxide is generated due to aerobic bacteria to cause difficulty in breathing the roots of plants, and harmful gases such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and mercaptan are generated to cause agricultural problems. Therefore, the water content is 65
It should be kept in the range of not more than mass%, preferably 30 to 60 mass%. In this respect, the method of the present invention has a water content of 6
Since 5% by mass or less of the treated animal excrement is used, optimum water content can be maintained and the composting treatment can be efficiently performed.

Next, in the composting treatment of the method of the present invention, in order to maintain the inside of the treated animal excrement used as a raw material aerobically and to increase the rate of composting, aeration in the fermentation layer is kept good. It is necessary. Usually, during the treatment, forced aeration is performed in the range of 50 to 200 liters / minute / m ² in order to maintain the aeration rate of 10 times or more of the oxygen supply rate required for the activity of the microorganisms.

In compost fermentation, when the air compulsorily aerated as described above smoothly passes through the inside of the compost raw material and does not dissipate the heat generated by the decomposition, when the solidified compost raw material is used, Grain size 2
It is preferably crushed to ˜50 mm before use.

Next, in compost fermentation, it is necessary to maintain an appropriate CN ratio, but since treated animal manure generally has more nitrogen than carbon, it is necessary to mix a carbon-rich material as necessary. It is desirable to adjust the CN ratio to about 50 to 150 at the beginning and 16 to 20 after the treatment.

On the other hand, in order for the composting microorganisms to start their activity, it is preferable that the pH of the raw material for composting is near neutral, and if the pH becomes acidic or alkaline, the induction period of fermentation initiation tends to be prolonged. However, when the reaction is actively carried out, the pH is maintained at an optimum condition of around 8 by carbon dioxide or ammonia generated during that time, so that it is not particularly necessary to adjust it.

In the fermentation treatment in the method of the present invention,
A fermentation accelerator can be used if desired. As the fermentation accelerator, a cellulose-degrading bacterium that actively and aerobically acts, such as myxobacteria (Polyangium), Pseudomonas (Pseudomonas), Vibrio (Vibrio), Bacillus (Bacillus).
s), Erwinia bacterium (Eruvinia), Streptomyces bacterium (Streptomyces), Micromonospora bacterium (Micromonospora), Streptosporangium bacterium (Streptosporang)
and aerobic actinomycetes such as Nocardia. Particularly preferred is
Kurthia catena forma
auxotrophic mutant strains such as naforma).

The amount of the fermentation accelerator used varies depending on the type of animal manure treated material used as the raw material for compost, the type of agricultural products to be fertilized, etc.
Thing of 1000 to 50000 units / g is used at a rate of 0.1 to 10 g per 1 kg of compost raw material. This fermentation accelerator may be added at the time of fermentation treatment, but it is advantageous to mix it with the lycellulosic fiber and add it beforehand, since the subsequent operation becomes simple.

Next, the fermenting treatment for composting in the method of the present invention is carried out by using a fermenter, and this fermenter is conventionally used for composting sewage sludge and animal manure. In addition, it is possible to appropriately select and use the most suitable one for the purpose of use from among those capable of promoting ventilation by providing a stirring means, a ventilation means or a cut-back means.

As such a fermentation apparatus, for example, a rotary cylinder raking plate type, a rotary cylinder rotary shaft combined type, an aeration single tank type, a fixed vertical axis rotary multistage type, a fixed vertical axis rotary aeration tank type,
Various types such as a fixed horizontal axis rotary aeration tank type, a movable vertical axis rotary type, a movable horizontal axis rotary type, a movable rotary bucket type, and a movable shovel stirring type are known.

In the method of the present invention, it is necessary to continue the fermentation treatment until the treated animal excrement is completely ripe.
Whether or not it is mature can be determined, for example, by appropriately extracting a solid phase sample in a composting process, extracting with water, subjecting the extract to gel chromatography, and observing the pattern. . That is, the chromatogram of the composted product is different from that of the raw material showing various patterns depending on the type.
It is known to exhibit roughly similar patterns.
At the stage of ripeness, most of the low molecular weight component peaks found in the raw material disappeared, and a simple pattern with high peaks with a molecular weight of several thousand was obtained. Just make a decision.

Thus, the conventional composting of animal manure requires a period of 3 to 6 months, whereas the method of the present invention allows the composting to be completed in only 1 to 3 weeks. You can The compost fertilizer thus obtained has the components shown in Table 1, for example, and can be effectively applied to agricultural products in fields, fields or orchards.

[0036]

[Table 1]

[0037]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples.

Reference Example Production of Re-Cellulose Fiber Corrugated cardboard waste paper is roughly crushed into small pieces of about 3 mm square by a shredder, and then finely crushed by a defibrating machine [Yamamoto Hyakuma Co., Ltd., waste paper fine crushing device]. Completely fibrous and dried to a water content of 10% by mass.

Example 1 In 200 liters of pig-like mud manure (water content 95.3% by mass), 2 kg of lycellulose obtained in the reference example (about 0.1% of manure).
(Corresponding to 7% by mass) and stirred for 2 minutes to form a slurry, and then an aqueous solution of a liquid amphoteric polymer flocculant (manufactured by Hymo Co., trade name "E-513") having a concentration of 0.28% by mass 20
Add about 3 liters (0.028% by weight to manure)
After stirring for a minute, formation of flocs in sludge was observed. Then, this treated product was put into a screw press type sludge dewatering machine (manufactured by Shin-Maywa Co., Ltd., trade name “SSP-1000”), and dewatered at a screw rotation speed of 2.4 min ⁻¹ . Thus, 28 kg of dehydrated cake having a water content of 61.2% by mass was obtained. Next, this dehydrated cake was transferred to a fixed vertical axis rotating aeration type fermenter, and used as a fermentation accelerator, Kurthia.
Kurthia catenafor
When 3 g of the MH ³ mutant of ma) was added and fermented for 10 days, it was matured to obtain 23.1 kg of compost fertilizer. At this time, the fermentation temperature was 60 ° C and the pH was 8.0 ± 0.1.
Met.

Comparative Example Porcine mud manure used in Examples (water content 95.3% by mass)
In addition, when rice husks were added and the water content was adjusted to 61% by mass as a compost raw material, and fermentation treatment was carried out in the same manner as in Example, the low-molecular component did not disappear even after 2 months, and it was unripe. there were.

Example 2 Instead of adding the fermentation accelerator to the fermentor, lycellulose preliminarily added with 3 g of the MH ³ mutant strain of Curtia catenaforma was used, and the same procedure as in Example 1 was repeated. I was able to get compost fertilizer.

[0042]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, it is possible to produce a high-quality compost fertilizer that does not cause agricultural damage in a short period of time from animal manure having a high water content.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an enlarged micrograph showing a tissue structure of lycellulose.

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Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. After adding 0.1 to 10% by mass of lycellulose fiber based on the mass of animal manure having a water content of 90% by mass or more and stirring for at least 1 minute, 0.01 based on the mass of animal manure is further added. A method for producing a compost fertilizer, which comprises adding an organic polymer flocculant of -10.0% by mass, stirring the mixture to sufficiently form flocs, and then squeezing and fermenting. 2. The organic polymer coagulant is added together with the organic polymer coagulant in an amount of 2 to 20 times the amount of the inorganic polymer coagulant.
A method for producing the compost fertilizer described. 3. The inorganic polymer flocculant is polyiron sulfate (II
At least one selected from I), polyiron (III) chloride, polyaluminum chloride, and polyaluminum sulfate.
The method for producing a compost fertilizer according to claim 2, which is a seed. 4. The method for producing a compost fertilizer according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein a fermentation accelerator is added together with lycellulose fiber.