JP2002370023A - Adsorbent and method for adsorbing pollutant - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an adsorbent and a method for adsorbing pollutants which are widely applicable to any of air, water, and soil, have a high effect of adsorptively removing chemicals, odors, heavy metals, oils, or the like, and still has retentivity of that effect. SOLUTION: When an adsorptive bamboo charcoal is pulverized into a 5 μm or smaller powder, the resultant powder can attain an effective surface area about 250 times larger than that of a bamboo charcoal powder having a relatively large particle diameter, say, about 325 mesh, and therefore can exhibit sufficient adsorptive effect even when used in a small amount. Another advantage brought about by the pulverization is the capability of being used by mixing with or infiltration into raw materials for building materials, fibers, paper products, etc., as well as by methods such as placing, burying, and laying. The bamboo charcoal can not only exhibit an action of decontaminating water or soil in virtue of the above adsorptivity but also can bring about an action of microbially decomposing organic matter in, e.g. water by forming a curtain of microbes on the surface of its inside. The latter action, though not quick, can persist for a long term.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an adsorbent and a method for adsorbing pollutants such as chemical substances and heavy metals.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, shells such as charcoal, activated carbon, and oysters have been used for purifying chemical substances and odorous substances in the air and water. It is widely known empirically that charcoal and activated carbon have various effects such as humidity control, deodorization, and antibacterial properties.They can be laid under the floor when building a house, deodorized in refrigerators, etc. It has been used for various purposes, such as removing odors and spreading it in fields for growing crops. Charcoal and activated carbon have been the main types of charcoal that have been used in the past, but recently they are fast growing and easy to supply without worrying about resource depletion, and have been replaced by plastics in daily necessities. As a result, bamboo charcoal made from bamboo, whose demand has been decreasing, has attracted attention. Bamboo charcoal has many micropores that are very hard and small in diameter as compared with charcoal, and is rich in inorganic components, and it can be said that its action is not inferior to that of charcoal.

[0003]

However, many conventional products used for removing contaminants use shells such as bamboo charcoal and oysters as they are.

Accordingly, the present invention provides an adsorbent having a high adsorption effect for removing chemical substances, odors, heavy metals, oils and the like, which can be widely used in air, water and soil, and which has a long-lasting effect. It is to provide an adsorption method.

[0005]

Means for Solving the Problems For this reason, the first invention provides
For adsorbents that adsorb contaminants,
It is characterized in that bamboo charcoal fired at a temperature of 0 ° C. is formed into a fine powder having a particle size of 5 μm or less.

A second aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, in the adsorbent for adsorbing contaminants, minerals for adsorbing chemical substances, heavy metals and the like are formed into a fine powder having a particle size of 5 μm or less.

A third invention is characterized in that, in an adsorbent for adsorbing contaminants, shells such as oysters and scallops are formed into a fine powder having a particle size of 5 μm or less.

A fourth aspect of the present invention relates to an adsorbent for adsorbing contaminants, which is formed from a bamboo vinegar solution which is obtained by cooling steam collected when calcining bamboo charcoal at a temperature of 350 ° C. to 1000 ° C., and collecting and cooling the steam. Features.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an adsorbent for adsorbing contaminants, which is obtained by baking bamboo charcoal fired at a temperature of 350 ° C. to 1000 ° C. into a fine powder having a particle size of 5 μm or less, and a mineral adsorbing chemical substances, heavy metals and the like. Into a fine powder having a particle size of 5 μm or less, oysters, scallops and the like made into a fine powder having a particle size of 5 μm or less, by cooling steam generated when firing bamboo charcoal at a temperature of 350 to 1000 ° C. It is characterized in that it is formed by mixing two or more of the bamboo vinegar solutions purified after collection.

[0010] Further, the invention according to the sixth method for adsorbing contaminants comprises spraying fine bamboo charcoal powder having a particle size of 5 μm or less into soil,
Water is sprayed while stirring or after stirring, and a high voltage is applied to perform plasma discharge to generate ozone gas to oxidize and adsorb heavy metals.

The invention according to a seventh contaminant adsorption method is
The method is characterized in that fine powder of bamboo charcoal having a particle size of 5 μm or less is scattered in the soil and ozone is mixed into the soil with or after stirring.

An eighth aspect of the present invention relates to a method for adsorbing contaminants,
A bamboo vinegar solution is mixed into the soil.

[0013]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION An embodiment of the present invention will be described below. First, a first embodiment of an adsorbent composed of fine powdery bamboo charcoal having a size of 5 μm, preferably 3 μm or less will be described.

Bamboo is cooled to 350 ° C to 500 ° C, 500 ° C
When calcined at either medium temperature of ~ 700 ° C or high temperature of 700 ° C ~ 1000 ° C, the volume is reduced to about 1/3 to 1/10, but the resulting charcoal has many tubular shapes. Space exists. The numerous spaces are called micropores, mesopores, and macropores in ascending order of size, but bamboo charcoal has many micropores. Pollutants such as chemicals and heavy metals are adsorbed and removed by countless pores on the surface of bamboo charcoal. Bamboo charcoal has an internal surface area as large as 300 m ² per gram because of particularly large micropores with small diameters, and adsorbs various substances entering the space with the flow of water and air on the internal surface, but bamboo charcoal has a large surface area The effect of adsorption is particularly high. It is said that the adsorption includes physical adsorption and chemical adsorption, but it is known that the adsorption of bamboo charcoal is mainly physical adsorption.

Conventionally, the effects of bamboo charcoal on humidity control, deodorization, antibacterial and the like have been widely known and have been effectively used in daily life. However, nowadays, water treatment, air purification, deodorization, harmful gas removal, soil removal, etc. Widely used for improvement. It is said that the substance adsorbed by bamboo charcoal is also effective against substances causing sick house syndrome such as ammonia and formaldehyde, trihalomethane in tap water and dioxin generated when plastic waste is incinerated at low temperature. Bamboo charcoal adsorbs and removes contaminants and the like on the inner surface as described above, so it can be said that a larger internal surface area exerts better adsorption and deodorization effects.

The bamboo charcoal of the present invention basically utilizes the excellent adsorption and deodorizing action of bamboo charcoal. However, when the bamboo charcoal is made into a fine powder having a size of 5 μm or less, preferably 3 μm or less, which is unprecedented, the result is as follows. As compared with a bamboo charcoal powder having the same weight and having a relatively large particle size of, for example, about 325 mesh,
An effective surface area of about 0 times can be obtained, and a sufficient adsorption and deodorizing effect can be obtained even with a small amount. Other advantages of making the particles finer include methods such as coal laying, burying coal, coal bed, and mixing with raw materials such as building materials, fibers, and paper products.
Alternatively, it can be used after impregnation.

The action of purifying water and soil by bamboo charcoal produces, in addition to the above-described adsorption power, an action of forming a curtain of microorganisms such as bacteria on the inner surface of bamboo charcoal and decomposing organic substances in water or the like by microorganisms such as bacteria. Although the action is not immediate, the effect can be maintained for a long period of time.

Next, an embodiment used in soil will be described in detail. Methods for soil improvement include a method of removing contaminated soil and a method of detoxifying soil. The former has traditionally had a soil, but it requires a great deal of labor and cost and has a problem in disposal of contaminated soil. The present invention
It is a method of detoxifying soil.

In order to remove the bamboo charcoal powder by adsorbing chemical substances and heavy metal contaminants in the contaminated soil, about 1/1000 to 1 / 10,000 in volume ratio of the object to be removed is mixed with water, Sprinkle so that the aqueous solution of the bamboo charcoal powder permeates the soil sufficiently while performing stirring and the like so as not to cause a problem.

[0020] The bamboo charcoal powder has a volume ratio of 100 to
When the soil is agitated after dissolving it in water 1000 times and then agitating the soil, after spraying the bamboo charcoal solution, there is a slight difference depending on the properties of the soil such as clay layer, sand layer, and gravel layer.
m, the adsorption effect is exhibited, and the effect is higher when the flow rate is lower.

In order to remove the bamboo charcoal powder by adsorbing chemical substances and heavy metal contaminants in water, it is necessary to remove the bamboo charcoal powder in a volume ratio of 1/1000 as in the case of using it for soil.
１ ／ 1 / 10,000 is sprayed and used as it is in water.

Next, a second embodiment will be described.
This form consists of approximately equal amounts of quartz, alkali feldspar, plagioclase,
This is an example in which natural ore, which is a medium-sized or coarse-grained granite containing a small amount of biotite, is used as a fine powder having a particle size of 5 μm or less, preferably 3 μm or less. The natural ore is, for example, a natural ore from the Gunma feldspar Gozairi mine, and is considered to be an intrusion from the late Cretaceous period to the Paleogene, and its minerals are quartz, cristopalite, plagioclase kaolin, montmorinite, and mixed-layer clay minerals. It is. In addition, the natural ore may be a functional natural ore having good adsorptivity such as silicate minerals produced from unspecified areas.

The natural ore receives a weak current, generates a large amount of negative ions, and emits far-infrared rays.
Negative ions are known to activate human body tissues and have a remarkable effect on biological functions, and have a blood purifying action, a mental stabilizing action, an autonomic nervous regulating action and an immune enhancing action. Further, since the natural ore has a weak current, it discharges in water or air, and generates hydroxyl ions using water in water or air. This hydroxyl ion has a surface active effect, and has a function of adsorbing, decomposing and removing heavy metals and chemical substances, and the effect lasts semipermanently.

A method of utilizing the above-mentioned fine natural ore as an adsorbent in order to remove heavy metals and chemical substances in the air will be described. That is, the adsorbent is cement,
There is a method of mixing and kneading with a paint, a paste, a raw material of paper, a wall material and the like, and applying it to an interior material such as a wallpaper, a building material, a cloth such as a curtain or clothing, a carpet, a wall material and the like. As a result, negative ions and far-infrared rays are emitted semipermanently, and chemical substances, heavy metals and odors continue to be adsorbed, thereby preventing sick house syndrome. In this case, when kneading or applying, the concentration varies depending on the concentration of the contaminant and the use area, but as a standard, 2 g to 1 g per 1 m 2 of the surface area is used.
Use about 00g.

Particularly, since the natural ore is white or light-colored, it has an advantage that the color tone of other objects is hardly impaired when applied to interior materials such as wallpaper or mixed with the cement or the like. Have. Therefore, when bamboo charcoal is used, it is inevitably grayish white, and is suitable for use in troublesome, for example, light-colored paper products and textile products, and similar results can be obtained in terms of adsorption effect. .

As another specific example, in a place where a tile is stuck such as a bathroom, it can be mixed with a member such as concrete for joints of the tile and used.
Without coloring, it can be expected to have an antibacterial effect such as prevention of mold generation in addition to removal of chemical substances.

Further, in order to remove chemical substances and heavy metals in water or soil, the fine powder of the natural ore is used by directly spraying it on water or soil. Since it is in the form of fine powder, the surface area is larger than that of other natural ores having the same effect and having the same weight of large particles, and even in a small amount, it can exert an adsorption effect on chemical substances and heavy metals.

The natural ore may be any mineral that adsorbs chemical substances such as quartz, diatomite, alkali feldspar, plagioclase, volcanic sedimentary rock, zeolite, tourmaline (other than tourmaline), granite and heavy metals.

Next, a third embodiment will be described. Shells such as oysters and scallops should have a particle size of 5 μm or less, preferably 3 μm.
When the following fine powder is used by spraying it directly into water or soil, the surface area becomes larger than when shells such as oysters and scallops are used as they are, and chemical substances, heavy metals and odors are reduced. It can be effectively absorbed and removed.

Next, a fourth embodiment will be described. 3
Low temperature of 50C to 500C, medium temperature of 500C to 700C,
Water vapor generated when bamboo charcoal is fired at any one of high temperatures of 700 ° C. to 1000 ° C. is cooled and collected, and then purified bamboo vinegar is directly sprayed into water or soil for use. It has been known in recent years that some kinds of bacteria decompose heavy metals, oils, and the like, but bamboo vinegar has an effect of promoting the growth of useful bacteria. Therefore, when the bamboo vinegar solution diluted with water as needed is sprayed on the soil, the bacteria grow and harmful substances such as heavy metals and oils and odors can be removed. Furthermore, sending air containing ozone into the soil can further promote the growth of the bacteria and enhance the effect.

Next, a fifth embodiment will be described. This example is performed at a low temperature of 350 ° C to 500 ° C,
Medium temperature of 00 ° C., bamboo charcoal calcined at any of high temperature of 700 ° C. to 1000 ° C. in the form of fine powder having a particle size of 5 μm or less, preferably 3 μm or less, and a mineral adsorbing chemical substances, heavy metals, etc. having a particle size of 5 μm or less, preferably 3 μm or less in fine powder, shells such as oysters and scallops in 5 μm or less, preferably 3 μm or less in fine powder, 350 ° C.
Low temperature of ~ 500 ° C, medium temperature of 500 ° C ~ 700 ° C, 700
In this method, two or more bamboo vinegar liquids obtained by cooling and collecting steam obtained when baking bamboo charcoal at any one of a high temperature of 1 to 1000 ° C. are collected and used. This example is
Cement as in the example detailed in the second embodiment,
Mixing and kneading into paints, glues, paper raw materials, wall materials, etc., and applying it to interior materials such as wallpaper, building materials, cloth such as curtains and clothing, carpets, wall materials, etc. are possible. is there.
In this case, when kneading or applying, it varies depending on the concentration of the contaminant and the use area, but about 2 g to 100 g per square meter of surface area is used as a standard.

Further, at a low temperature of 350 ° C. to 500 ° C.,
Particle size of 5 μm or less, preferably 3 μm, fired at any of medium temperature of 00 ° C. to 700 ° C. and high temperature of 700 ° C. to 1000 ° C.
The following finely powdered bamboo charcoal has an action of adsorbing and removing contaminants such as chemical substances and heavy metals even when used alone, but the bamboo charcoal fine powder, shells such as scallops and oysters are roughly called bamboo charcoal. A powder of the same size and having a particle size of 5 μm or less, preferably 3 μm or less, in a weight ratio, and a well-mixed shell powder at a ratio of 8 to bamboo charcoal 2 is:
As compared with the case where bamboo charcoal is used alone, a synergistic effect of about 10 to 30 times is exhibited in its adsorption capacity. Shells such as oysters and scallops may be used after firing.

Furthermore, in addition to shell powders such as scallops and oysters, powders of natural ore, diatomaceous earth and the like, and bamboo vinegar liquid may be added to bamboo charcoal fine powder and mixed as required. As compared with the case where bamboo charcoal is used alone, the adsorbing power and the sustainability can be further improved.

As the next example, the natural ore which adsorbs chemical substances, heavy metals, and the like is used to reduce the particle size to 5 μm or less, preferably 3 μm or less.
m or less, and the oysters, scallops and other shells made into a fine powder having a particle size of 5 μm or less, preferably 3 μm or less, in a weight ratio of 20% of natural ore and 80% of shell powder. The effect of adsorption is increased and the effect can be maintained by mixing.

Further, as an embodiment of the mixture of the natural ore powder and the shell powder, there is a method in which the mixture is mixed into a paint and used.
The mixture is put into the paint at a ratio of about 000, rotated and revolved, stirred well, and applied to the interior wall or the like using a spray. It does not affect the color tone of the paint, and it can be used for both water-based and oil-based paints. I do. For example, CMC or the like is selected for a cloth, and Arabic glue or the like is selected for a wooden board, and about 0.1 to 10 g is applied per square meter of an applied area.

In this application method, a spray may be used as described above, but it may be applied by electrostatic coating.

The shoji paper or the bran paper itself may be impregnated with a mixture of the fine powder of the natural ore and the shell powder.

The bamboo charcoal fine powder or the like and a mineral which adsorbs chemical substances, heavy metals, etc. are made into a fine powder having a particle size of 5 μm or less, preferably 3 μm or less, and shells such as oysters and scallops are fine particles having a particle size of 5 μm or less, preferably 3 μm or less. Bamboo that has been powdered, cooled and collected after cooling steam generated during firing of bamboo charcoal at a low temperature of 350 to 500 ° C, a medium temperature of 500 to 700 ° C, or a high temperature of 700 to 1000 ° C. Spray two or more of the vinegar mixture directly into the air, water, or soil, or put it in a bag that does not impede the passage of air or water if splashing is to be avoided. It can be easily and widely used by mixing or directly mixing with cement or paint.

Another example of use in soil is to spray a fine powder of bamboo charcoal having a size of 5 μm or less, preferably 3 μm or less, or a mixture of two or more of the above, on a soil contaminated with a chemical substance, oil, heavy metal or the like. Is stirred or stirred so that the fine powder or the mixture of the two or more is sufficiently mixed into the soil, and further sprinkled to sufficiently penetrate the soil with the fine powder of the bamboo charcoal or the mixture of the two or more. , 2
A high voltage of DC of 000 volts or more is applied to generate plasma discharge to generate ozone gas, oxidize heavy metals and the like, adsorb fine powder of the bamboo charcoal or a mixture of the two or more, and also remove odor. . However, heavy metals are particularly difficult to remove, and the effect of soil improvement is enhanced by repeating the above cycle. Alternatively, the effect of adsorbing fine powder of bamboo charcoal or a mixture of two or more of them cannot be said to be sufficient, and some of them exert an effect by adding bacteria that eat heavy metals to the soil.

The bamboo charcoal fine powder or the mixture of two or more does not cause a chemical reaction to be converted into harmless substances, but has a function of adsorbing pollutants and odors such as heavy metals, oils, and chemical substances. Have

As another embodiment for use in soil, by mixing air further containing ozone into the soil, the soil is sterilized, the metal is oxidized, the odor is removed, and the heavy metal is rendered harmless. That is, by repeatedly spraying fine bamboo charcoal powder on the soil, reversing the soil (stirring), mixing air containing ozone into the soil, and spraying dilution water of the bamboo vinegar solution, the pollutants are gradually adsorbed. Remove. In this case, the above-mentioned bacteria may be added if necessary, but ozone and bamboo vinegar have a function of assisting the propagation of those bacteria.

It should be noted that the temperature of the soil or groundwater is 350 ° C. to 500 ° C., 500 ° C. to 700 ° C., 700 ° C. to 1000 ° C.
Bamboo charcoal fired at either high temperature of ℃ is made into a fine powder having a particle size of 5 μm or less, preferably 3 μm or less, or a mineral which adsorbs chemical substances, heavy metals, etc. is made into a fine powder of the bamboo charcoal having a particle size of 5 μm or less. Preferably, finely divided powder of 3 μm or less, shells such as oysters, scallops, etc.
Below, preferably in the form of fine powder of 3 μm or less, 35
Low temperature of 0 to 500 ° C, medium temperature of 500 to 700 ° C, 7
Water vapor generated when bamboo charcoal is baked at any one of high temperatures of 00 ° C. to 1000 ° C. may be cooled, collected, collected and purified, and a mixture of two or more bamboo vinegars may be directly sprayed through a sieve or the like.

In addition, low temperature of 350 ° C. to 500 ° C., medium temperature of 500 ° C. to 700 ° C., 700 ° C. to 1000 ° C.
Bamboo charcoal fired at any of the above high temperatures is made into a fine powder having a particle size of 5 μm or less, preferably 3 μm or less, or a mineral which adsorbs chemical substances, heavy metals, etc. in the fine powder of the bamboo charcoal is preferably a particle size of 5 μm or less. Is a fine powder having a particle size of 3 μm or less, a shell of oysters, scallops, or the like is a fine powder having a particle size of 5 μm or less, preferably 3 μm or less;
Low temperature of 500-500 ° C, medium temperature of 500-700 ° C, 70
It is also possible to add and mix and stir two or more of the purified bamboo vinegar liquids obtained by cooling and collecting the steam produced when firing the bamboo charcoal at any one of the high temperatures of 0 ° C. to 1000 ° C. good.

Further, at a low temperature of 350 ° C. to 500 ° C., 500
Bamboo charcoal fired at any of medium temperature of 700 ° C to 700 ° C and high temperature of 700 ° C to 1000 ° C
m or fine powder of bamboo charcoal, or a fine powder having a particle size of 5 μm or less, preferably 3 μm or less, and oysters, scallops, etc. Of fine powder having a particle size of 5 μm or less, preferably 3 μm or less,
Low temperature of 500C, medium temperature of 500C to 700C, 700C to 10C
The steam generated when baking bamboo charcoal at any of high temperatures of 00 ° C is cooled and collected, and then two or more of the purified bamboo vinegar liquids are added and mixed and stirred. good.

In recent years, the number of chemically synthesized products has increased, and there are not many opportunities for the surrounding environment to be contaminated with chemical substances and the like due to sewage and the like in the production process, and when such products are discarded or incinerated. Although air, water, soil and the like are often contaminated by harmful substances generated in the present invention, the present invention exerts an effect as a neutralizing agent for removing those chemical substances.

In addition, recently, as in the case of the house sick syndrome, health problems due to chemical substances have become a problem not only in factories but also in homes, due to new building materials used as house building materials. According to the present invention, it has been found that it depends on the generated chemical substance. According to the present invention, the use of bamboo charcoal fine powder or a fine powder of a mineral having good adsorptivity enables the removal of the chemical substance without generating a new chemical substance. A safe adsorbent that can be used.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, various alternatives, modifications or variations are possible for those skilled in the art based on the above description, and the present invention is not limited to the above various embodiments without departing from the spirit thereof. It is intended to cover alternatives, modifications or variations.

[0048]

As described above, the present invention can be used in air, underwater,
It is possible to provide a contaminant adsorbent and a method of adsorbing pollutants that can be widely used in soil and have high adsorption effect for removing chemical substances, odors, heavy metals, oils, and the like, and have a long-lasting effect.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) B01J 20/12 B01J 20/12 Z 20/30 20/30 B09C 1/04 ZAB B09B 5/00 ZABS (72 ) Inventor Isamu Kawashima 1-4-1 Sumiyoshi-cho, Maebashi-shi, Gunma Pref. 4G066 AA04B AA66B AA70B AB07B AC02D BA20 CA02 CA05 CA46 DA03 DA20 FA22 FA34 4G075 AA37 BA06 BB04 BD17 CA47 CA54 CA73 EC11

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. An adsorbent for adsorbing pollutants, wherein 3
Bamboo charcoal fired at a temperature of 50 ° C to 1000 ° C has a particle size of 5 μm
An adsorbent for contaminants, which is formed in the following fine powder form. 2. An adsorbent for adsorbing pollutants, wherein the adsorbent for adsorbing chemical substances, heavy metals and the like is formed in the form of fine powder having a particle size of 5 μm or less. 3. An adsorbent for adsorbing pollutants, wherein shells such as oysters and scallops are formed into a fine powder having a particle size of 5 μm or less. 4. An adsorbent for adsorbing contaminants, wherein 3
An adsorbent for contaminants, wherein the adsorbent is formed from a bamboo vinegar solution which is obtained by cooling water vapor generated when bamboo charcoal is calcined at a temperature of 50 ° C. to 1000 ° C. and then collecting and purifying it. 5. An adsorbent for adsorbing pollutants, wherein 3
Bamboo charcoal fired at a temperature of 50 ° C to 1000 ° C has a particle size of 5 μm
The following fine powder, a chemical substance, a mineral adsorbing heavy metals, etc., made into a fine powder having a particle size of 5 μm or less, oysters, scallops, etc., made into a fine powder having a particle size of 5 μm or less, 350 ° C. An adsorbent for contaminants, formed by mixing two or more of bamboo vinegar liquids obtained by cooling and collecting steam obtained by baking bamboo charcoal at a temperature of ~ 1000 ° C. 6. An adsorption method for adsorbing pollutants,
Spray fine bamboo charcoal powder with a particle size of 5 μm or less into the soil, sprinkle with or with stirring, and apply high voltage to discharge plasma to generate ozone gas to oxidize and adsorb heavy metals. Characteristic adsorption method of pollutants. 7. An adsorption method for adsorbing pollutants,
A method for adsorbing pollutants, characterized in that fine powder of bamboo charcoal having a particle size of 5 μm or less is scattered in soil and, with or after stirring, ozone is mixed into the soil. 8. The method for adsorbing contaminants according to claim 7, wherein a bamboo vinegar solution is mixed into the soil.