JP2002254054A - Method for disposing of garbage and garbage disposer - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a technology decomposing and treating a garbage such as food waste with an enzyme dispensing with a decomposing capability of a microorganism. SOLUTION: The garbage such as food waste is decomposed and treated with the enzyme dispensing with the decomposing capability of the microorganism. In an enzyme decomposition and treatment, a sterilization process is provided to obviate a decay of a finally treated substance or the like. In addition, the enzyme is deactivated after a decomposition is completed by providing an deactivation process of the enzyme to prevent a residual enzyme with an activation left from being contained in the finally treated substance.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a technology for treating garbage mainly composed of food waste and the like. The present invention relates to a technology for decomposing so as to be usefully used.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, the problem of garbage disposal has become a major social problem. Generally, most of such garbage is occupied by food waste. Regarding such food waste, the Act on Promotion of Recycling and Recycling of Food Recyclable Resources,
“Food waste, etc.” means “after food is served for food,
Or, those that are discarded without being used for food "and" articles obtained as a by-product in the process of manufacturing, processing, or cooking food that cannot be used for food ".

[0003] In view of the social problems of garbage disposal, this law covers basic matters concerning the recycling of food circulating resources (useful food waste and the like) and the suppression and reduction of the generation of food waste. Measures and promote measures to promote the recycling of food circulating resources by food-related businesses to ensure the effective use of food-related resources and to control the emission of food-related waste. It has been enacted to promote the sound development of businesses such as the manufacture of food, and to contribute to the preservation of the living environment and the sound development of the national economy.

[0004] Such food waste is roughly classified into industrial waste and general waste. Industrial waste is discharged from the food manufacturing industry as animal and plant residues or surplus raw materials at the manufacturing stage. General waste is unsold at the food distribution stage such as the food distribution industry and is discharged at the disposal stage of food waste.
It is emitted as food waste and leftover food.

According to the Ministry of Health and Welfare statistics of 1996, household waste discharged from each household is 10 million tons annually, and waste discharged from the food manufacturing, food distribution and restaurant industries is 9.4 million annually. Tons, totaling 19.4 million tons.

However, 91% (177.27 million tons) of such a large amount of food waste is disposed of as incinerated landfill.
Only 9% is recycled. Of the recycled materials, 3% is used for fertilizer, 520,000 tons, for feed, 5%, 1.04 million tons, and the remaining 1%, 120,000 tons, for other uses.

[0007] Various treatment methods have been proposed for the treatment of vegetable scraps and garbage from households, restaurants, restaurants, and food factories. As such a processing method, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-28957
Japanese Patent Publication No. JP-A-2005-17764 proposes a so-called annihilation-type treatment method for fermentation using microorganisms to reduce residues and convert most of them to simple chemical components such as carbon dioxide and water. Have been.

[0008] Such a concept is actually put to practical use as a household garbage disposal machine. Garbage as food waste discharged at home mainly consists of so-called garbage such as vegetable scraps and cooked products including cooked rice, which are mainly discarded as cooking waste. Raw garbage is put into the tank and decomposed by microorganisms stored in the tank. The final product processed by the microorganism is used as a vegetable garden or horticultural fertilizer.

However, in the fermentation treatment using a microorganism, it takes time until the final treatment is completed, and thus a method using an enzyme in combination has been proposed. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-163
No. 090 discloses that fibrous solid organic waste is treated with a conventional microbial fermentation, especially since the fermentation of fibrous substances is small, so that fibrinolytic enzymes such as cellulase and hemicellulase are used in combination with the decomposition efficiency. Is described as improving.

[0010] However, at least in the decomposition method utilizing fermentation by microorganisms as described above, odor is always a problem. The microorganisms that decompose garbage are aerobic microorganisms.However, it is difficult to properly control the fermentation conditions in garbage disposal, and oxygen supply during fermentation is not sufficient, and anaerobic bacteria grow. Can cause foul odors. Therefore, in the treatment method using the above-mentioned microorganism, even if an enzyme is used, it is necessary to take measures against the odor generated by the microorganism.

On the other hand, as a treatment method without using such microorganisms, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 6-269759 discloses a hydrolysis treatment of vegetable residues, garbage and other garbage generated in home kitchens, canteens, restaurants or food factories. As a method, there has been proposed a configuration in which crushed garbage is put into warm water and stirred, and a decomposition enzyme is added to decompose and liquefy the garbage fiber, oil and protein.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 9-122621 discloses a method in which a light source is attached to a sink drain of a kitchen or a restaurant in a home.
An apparatus for decomposing garbage by a hydrolytic enzyme so that garbage can be drained to sewage is described.

[0013]

As described above, various methods for treating garbage as food waste have been proposed in the past, but at present, the method utilizing fermentation and decomposition of microorganisms has been proposed. It is the mainstream. In the method using fermentation of microorganisms as a main decomposition means, the problem of bad smell is attached as described above. Ideally, the malodor should be prevented by appropriately managing the fermentation environment of the aerobic microorganisms used in the decomposition treatment. However, as a device configuration,
The fermenter must be constructed as a closed space in order to prevent the release of microorganisms to the surroundings, and even if the oxygen supply process is facilitated, some anaerobic environment is created. I will.

For this reason, spoilage based on anaerobic microorganisms is performed even in parallel, even if only slightly, resulting in a bad smell. What kind of odor is perceived as offensive odor is based on the quality of the odor, and is greatly influenced by factors such as likes and dislikes. Therefore, even if the odor concentration is suppressed to a low level, the odor is perceived as a bad odor. At present, the technology for preventing or eliminating odors is not mature enough for users who use the garbage disposal apparatus.

[0015] In addition, aerobic microorganisms that decompose garbage may be completely destroyed by suffocation unless proper management of water generated during fermentation decomposition is performed. In order to make the aerobic microorganisms work effectively, the apparatus itself is required to have a configuration capable of sufficiently controlling the growth conditions of the microorganism, the fermentation treatment, and the like, but such a configuration cannot be created by a simple technique. In particular, in the case of configuring as a simple processing machine for home use, it is extremely difficult to provide such a configuration because it is desired that the size is small to some extent and the price itself is desired to be lower. difficult.

As for the microorganisms to be used, the microorganisms once introduced do not naturally repeat their death and multiplication over the long-term use of the garbage disposer, and the initial amount of microorganisms is not maintained. . Microbial replenishment or reintroduction is required.

However, handling microorganisms requires a fundamentally different attitude than handling inanimate objects. Microorganisms for garbage disposal currently used are microorganisms that do not seem to cause any particular problems in ordinary methods related to garbage disposal, but they originally have knowledge of handling such microorganisms. It is desirable that the user is accustomed to the handling and has sufficient knowledge of what kind of handling is dangerous.

When using a garbage disposer, particularly when using a household garbage disposer, a person who does not have sufficient knowledge in most cases uses it.
It has been reported that careless handling may be caused by microorganisms in various diseases such as allergies.

Furthermore, microorganisms are different from inanimate organisms in that they alternate generations. During such repetition of generations, mutations on DNA are induced by various physical and chemical stimuli of the surrounding environment, and there is no possibility that a property which has not existed before can be obtained. In well-managed laboratories, microorganisms are under human and equipment control and controlled to avoid such problems. But,
At the stage of garbage disposal, it remains questionable whether this point can be fully managed.

Further, as described above, the final processed product processed by the garbage disposer is generally used as a fertilizer. However, the final processed product includes microorganisms in a small amount but not in a living state. include. That is, when using such a final product in, for example, a vegetable garden,
Microorganisms used for garbage disposal are released to the surrounding environment as they are, and there is no possibility that microorganisms mutated in a garbage disposal machine by changing generations are released.

The problems with handling such microorganisms are:
It is not just a problem for users who use garbage disposers, but also stores and delivers microorganisms to manufacturers who provide garbage disposers to users, and even to intermediate distributors. This is a problem that can occur at the staff level.

The above-mentioned various problems including the bad odor that accompanies the garbage disposal apparatus are not merely a problem that the user has to put up with, but are generally enough to develop into environmental problems for the surrounding environment. Conceivable. Therefore,
The present inventor thought that in order to solve various problems, it was necessary from the beginning to develop a technology for decomposing the microorganism without the aid of the decomposing ability of the microorganism, and came to the idea of using an enzyme for the treatment. Was.

The present inventor has also devised a method of processing food waste, which is generally called garbage, so that the final product can be effectively used, that is, the recycling can be effectively performed. I thought it was necessary.

Conventionally, as seen in household garbage disposers, final processed products treated with microorganisms have been used as fertilizers in home gardens and the like, but their effectiveness as fertilizers is improved. It is not known that the processing method has been studied from the viewpoint of.

The present inventor is different from the idea of simply discarding a final treatment product to a nearby garden as a disposal place, and is an effective soil improvement material that can be actively received from farmers and the like.
Alternatively, it was considered necessary to establish a treatment method that can be converted into a product raw material that is sufficiently marketable as a fertilizer-like product.

A garbage disposal machine on the premise of treating with an enzyme without using a microorganism is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 9-122621, as described above.
However, the configuration described in this publication is merely a configuration attached to a sink drain. In other words, it is a garbage disposal machine that is attached to the sink drain of a kitchen in a home or a kitchen of a restaurant, and drains garbage to sewage, etc. This device was developed as a premise. Therefore, it is difficult to use such a configuration as an apparatus for treating garbage such as business-related food waste discharged in large quantities.

Further, regarding the enzyme in the enzyme treatment,
There is no specific explanation, it is simply described that it is treated with a hydrolase, and as to what kind of hydrolase is appropriate for food waste having various compositions,
No specific explanation is given. Furthermore, the purpose of the present invention is to discharge the final product into sewage, and no consideration is given to using the product as a paid raw material for products intended by the present inventors.

On the other hand, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-269759 discloses a configuration in which cellulase, amylase, pectinase and other enzymes are used as a decomposing enzyme to decompose crushed garbage. It is described that the final decomposition product obtained by such a method is constituted as a liquid and can be discharged into a river as it is. On the other hand, it is described that such a decomposition solution can be used as drinking water for livestock or as a plant growth material by mixing Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria.

However, in this publication, the enzymes described to the extent that their functions can be specified are only amylase that can be used for the degradation of starch, cellulases and pectinases that contribute to the degradation of plant fibers, and However, there is no description of what enzymes are effective for proteins. Furthermore, for enzymatic degradation,
No consideration is given to the extent to which the decomposition of garbage will increase the effectiveness of the final product.

As described above, the final decomposed product of garbage treatment has been used as a fertilizer in many cases, however, there are few examples in which the effectiveness as a fertilizer has been verified. The present inventor does not merely use the fertilizer to spray the field as a disposal place of the final decomposition product,
As one of the development objectives, we considered a method of garbage disposal that can demonstrate its effectiveness so that a positive difference can be found in growing vegetables and fruits.

At the same time, in the development, it was considered that it was necessary to create a technology capable of securing safety not only from the decomposition treatment but also from the viewpoint of the use of the product, in consideration of the safety in using the enzyme.

An object of the present invention is to provide a safe processing technique capable of decomposing garbage such as food waste by an enzyme and converting the garbage as a useful raw material without the aid of the decomposition ability of microorganisms. It is in.

[0033]

The garbage disposal method of the present invention is a treatment method for decomposing garbage such as food waste with an enzyme without the aid of a microorganism decomposing ability. And a disinfecting step of decomposing by adding an enzyme, and a disinfecting step of disinfecting the decomposed product. After the decomposition step, has an inactivation step of inactivating the enzyme, the inactivation step also serves as the sterilization step,
Alternatively, it is provided as a step different from the sterilization step.

In the method for treating garbage having the above structure according to the present invention,
By providing the enzyme inactivation step, even if the final processed product is used as a useful raw material or as a product, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of a trouble due to the activity of the residual enzyme. It is desirable to add the amount of the enzyme in accordance with the base mass in the garbage, but it is practically difficult to analyze the base mass in the garbage to be decomposed in advance.

For this reason, the average composition of the garbage is calculated in advance, and an excess amount of the enzyme that takes into account the safety factor for the substrate concentration calculated from the average composition is introduced. Therefore, depending on the type of garbage, it is conceivable that the average composition of the garbage deviates greatly, and in such a case, the amount of the residual enzyme may be considerably large. It is important.

However, for example, when food waste having a constant composition is always discarded from a certain food factory or the like, and only such food waste is treated exclusively,
Since the equivalent amount of enzyme required for the treatment can be calculated from the enzyme titer, in such a case, the deactivation step may not be provided.

[0037] The enzyme is characterized in that it contains a carbohydrate-decomposing enzyme necessary for decomposing carbohydrates contained in the garbage into oligosaccharides and / or monosaccharides of 6 or less saccharides. The ratio of the oligosaccharides and / or monosaccharides in the soluble saccharides of the final processed product in the garbage processing method is 50% by weight or more.

The enzyme comprises 30 to 80% by weight of a carbohydrate-degrading enzyme for decomposing carbohydrates contained in the garbage and 5 to 40% of a fat / lipolytic enzyme for decomposing fats and / or lipids contained in the garbage. 5% by weight of a protease that degrades the protein contained in the garbage.
50% by weight of the carbohydrate degrading enzyme,
The total amount of the fat / lipolytic enzyme and the proteolytic enzyme is in the range of 90 to 100% by weight of the enzyme.

The carbohydrate degrading enzymes are amylase and cellulase. The fat / lipolytic enzyme is a lipase. The proteolytic enzyme is a protease. 0 ATP lyase and / or catalase
-10% by weight.

The ability of the enzyme to decompose depends on the enzyme, and the extent to which sugar chains are cleaved using the same carbohydrate as a substrate depends on the type of enzyme. On the other hand, as a useful raw material of the final processed product, for example, assuming that it is used like a fertilizer or the like, fruit trees, those capable of promptly achieving effective activity of soil bacteria in the soil involved in plant growth of agricultural crops are considered. Considered valid.

The present inventor prepared a final treated product using various enzymes, and actually mixed it with the soil of the cultivated soil to observe the growth condition of the agricultural product. As a result, oligosaccharides and / or It was found that the higher the content (%) of the monosaccharide, the better the growth condition. That is, assuming that the final treated product is used as a soil modifying material for fertilizing the soothing soil, as an enzyme to be used, carbohydrates contained in garbage can be decomposed into oligosaccharides and / or monosaccharides of 6 or less saccharides. Enzymes are preferred. For example, in raw garbage containing vegetable waste, the sugar chain is cut off from the contained fiber by the enzyme, leading to an increase in the content of oligosaccharides and monosaccharides.

The garbage is regarded as food waste discarded from the cafeteria or home, and the average of food waste from various waste sources is 25 to 50% by weight of cooked rice and 10 to 10 vegetables.
-40% by weight, fish and meat: 0-15%, fried food (tempura, fried, etc.): 10-20% by weight, other 0-20
Assuming that the components were combined so that the total amount was 100% by weight, the enzymes were 30 to 80% by weight of a carbohydrate degrading enzyme, 5 to 40% by weight of a fat / lipolytic enzyme, 5 to 50% by weight of protease
The carbohydrate-decomposing enzyme,
It has been found that it is preferable to add the lipolytic enzyme and the proteolytic enzyme so that the total amount thereof is in the range of 90 to 100% by weight of the enzyme.

Each carbohydrate-decomposing enzyme constituting the above enzyme,
If fats and fats, lipolytic enzymes, and proteolytic enzymes are blended as required with the target food waste within the allowable range of each component, most of the food waste can be treated regardless of the waste source. I found it could be done.

When the amount of the carbohydrate-decomposing enzyme is less than 30% by weight, the carbohydrates in the average food waste may not be sufficiently decomposed, and when the amount exceeds 80% by weight, the amount becomes excessive. If the amount of the fat / lipolytic enzyme is less than 5% by weight, the fat / lipid in the average food waste may not be sufficiently decomposed, whereas if it exceeds 40% by weight, the fat / lipolytic enzyme becomes excessive. When the amount of the protease is less than 5% by weight, it may be insufficient to degrade the protein in the average food waste, while when the amount exceeds 50% by weight, the amount becomes excessive.

In the present invention, the term "oil / lipolytic enzyme" refers to an enzyme that degrades at least one of oils, fats, and fats.

In the present invention, the amount of the enzyme added is
It is characterized by being at least 20 ppm based on the weight of the garbage. The enzyme can exert its effect even in a very small amount, depending on its titer. However, in the case of the enzyme having the above composition, it was confirmed that at least 20 ppm or more based on the garbage weight was required. did it. If the amount is less than 20 ppm, the processing of garbage may be insufficient, and the processing time is extremely long. Food wastes such as garbage generally tend to be disposed of regularly on a daily basis, so that if such a disposal cycle and a treatment cycle do not match, efficient garbage disposal cannot be performed. From this viewpoint, it is preferable to ensure an enzyme concentration of at least 20 ppm or more.

In the decomposition treatment step in the garbage disposal method of the present invention, garbage is decomposed into a processed product having a high saccharide content such as oligosaccharides and / or monosaccharides.
It can be said that such a decomposition product is in a state in which microorganisms such as bacteria are extremely easy to propagate. If left as it is, there is a risk that mold and surrounding germs will propagate and spoil in a short time.

Therefore, in order to avoid the propagation of microorganisms such as bacteria, it is necessary to sterilize the decomposed product after enzymatic decomposition. Without such sterilization, storage and preservation of the final processed product by the decomposition method of the present invention cannot be performed properly. As such a sterilizing means, a conventionally used chemical, or a sterilizing means using a high temperature or ultraviolet rays may be applied.

If high-temperature sterilization means is used, since the enzyme itself is a protein, the protein is denatured and inactivated by high-temperature treatment, and the high-temperature sterilization means is used as an enzyme inactivation means. Can also be used.

The state of the final processed product obtained by the garbage processing method of the present invention can be obtained in the form of a slurry if not dried. Therefore, the final treated product in a slurry state is used as a raw material for a liquid soil conditioner by filtration or the like, or as it is as a soil conditioner, and further used as a raw material for a soil conditioner in a slurry state, or as it is as a soil conditioner In such a case, it may be sterilized in a filtered liquid or slurry state.

Further, by performing dehydration drying such as hot air drying in the slurry state, the final processed product is dried powder,
Alternatively, it may be formed in a granular shape. In such a dry state, it is not necessary to store in a bottle or the like as in liquid fertilizer, but it can be stored or distributed by simple packaging means such as bagging. Further, when employing a hot air drying at a high temperature equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature as the drying means,
Such drying means can also serve as a means for inactivating residual enzymes and a means for sterilizing.

In the present invention, by using the enzyme having the above constitution, it is possible to carry out a suitable decomposition treatment so that the final processed product can be used as a raw material of a product or as it is as a product. Natural consideration must be given to sex.

The enzymes used in garbage are similar to the digestive enzymes secreted in our bodies, but use the required amount in a state of increased purity to treat large amounts of garbage. If you do, you need to be very careful not to accidentally apply it to your skin, swallow it, or inhale it through your nose.

Therefore, the present invention is characterized in that the enzyme is packaged and charged when the garbage is crushed. In the decomposition treatment with the enzyme, water is added in an amount of 50% by weight or more based on the weight of the garbage.

In the present invention, the amount of the enzyme relative to the prescribed amount of the substrate is separately packaged from the beginning, and a required number of packages can be charged according to the amount of garbage. By adopting such a method, it is possible to eliminate an operation such as weighing an appropriate amount of an enzyme provided in a state of a fine powder which is easily scattered each time it is used, thereby ensuring safety in the enzyme decomposition work.

When the packaged enzyme is put in at the time of crushing the garbage, the package is broken by the crusher and mixed with the crushed garbage. It can be used safely without invasion. In addition, since the enzyme is a consumable material, it is necessary to put the enzyme into each lot of garbage disposal, and it is necessary to store a certain amount of the enzyme in advance. Even in such storage, by pre-packaging, management and storage are easier than in the case of storage and management in a bottled state.

Since the enzyme is a hydrolytic enzyme, water is required when the garbage is decomposed. The amount of water depends on the composition of food waste that is discarded as garbage, but if more than 50% by weight of water is added to the weight of garbage, the enzyme will come into contact with the crushed garbage. Sufficiently in the presence of moisture, the decomposition process proceeds efficiently. In addition, by allowing sufficient moisture to exist, the enzyme can be more reliably prevented from scattering than when the enzyme is introduced in a state where the water content is low.

Another aspect of the present invention is a processing apparatus for performing the garbage processing method of the present invention having the above-described structure, that is, an enzyme for decomposing garbage such as food waste without the aid of a microorganism decomposing ability. And raw material, or a garbage treatment apparatus for converting to useful raw material or the like that can be used as a product, an enzyme treatment tank for decomposing the garbage with the enzyme, and after the decomposition step, It is characterized by having an inactivating means for inactivating the enzyme and a sterilizing means which also serves as the inactivating means or is provided separately from the inactivating means.

Crushing means for crushing the input food waste is connected to the enzyme treatment tank, and the enzyme treatment tank is
A drying unit for drying a decomposition product generated by being decomposed in the enzyme treatment tank is connected, and the drying unit also serves as the deactivating unit and / or the sterilizing unit, or is provided with the deactivating unit and the sterilizing unit. Is a different means.

[0060]

(Embodiment 1) In an embodiment of the present invention, a garbage disposal method of the present invention capable of efficiently converting garbage such as food waste into useful raw materials and the like will be described in detail below. explain. In the present invention, garbage such as food waste is decomposed using only enzymes without the aid of the decomposition ability of microorganisms. That is, in the garbage disposal method of the present invention, no intentional decomposition by microorganisms is performed.

In the following description, garbage is defined as “thing that has been discarded after serving or not serving food”, “during food processing, processing, or cooking. Food waste that is defined as “surplus surplus raw materials, defective raw materials, and / or by-products that are not used for food”, and fresh flowers discarded regardless of food This concept includes horticultural plants and animal feed.

The composition of food waste, which accounts for most of the garbage, depends on the source of the waste. For example, taking food waste from a food manufacturing factory as an example, for example, from a baking factory, bread dough not used for baking is discarded as food waste. The composition of such dough is mainly composed of water, carbohydrates (sugars), and lipids.

On the other hand, fish ash discharged from the fishery processing industry that processes or processes fish generally contains high amounts of water and protein, followed by lipids and small amounts of carbohydrates. Food waste from meat processors also contains water,
It is rich in proteins, followed by lipids and carbohydrates. Viscera and the like discharged from the meat processing industry are considered to have substantially the same configuration.

Further, food waste discharged from sites such as cafeterias and school lunches is cooking waste such as vegetable waste, stale food, etc., and is generally in comparison with food waste from the above processors. It has a relatively high carbohydrate composition.

In addition, most food wastes discharged from fruit and vegetable markets, vegetable processors and the like are vegetable wastes such as vegetables and fruits, and are mostly composed of carbohydrates including plant fibers.

Therefore, according to the present invention, in the treatment of food waste having a different composition depending on the discharge source, a complex enzyme containing various enzymes corresponding to the composition of the food waste is used. It will be. However, in the present invention, in order to eliminate the burden of setting the mixing ratio of various enzymes for each food waste each time, various mixing ratios that are somewhat general are set, and more efficient processing can be performed. I have to.

In the present invention, amylase, maltase, invertase and the like can be used alone or in combination as the carbohydrate-decomposing enzyme used for the carbohydrate hydrolysis treatment. Furthermore, cellulases, hemicellulases, and the like can be used alone or in combination for decomposing structural polysaccharides that form cytoplasm such as vegetables and fruits. In the protein hydrolysis treatment, protease or the like, more specifically, pepsin, peptidase, or the like can be used alone or in combination as a protease.

Lipases and the like can be used as fat / lipid-degrading enzymes such as fats / fats, lipids and fats. Further, ATP lyase for decomposing adenosine triphosphate into inorganic phosphate, and catalase or the like as a reductase may be used for decomposing hydrogen peroxide used in processed foods and the like.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described by taking food waste having several different compositions as examples.

[0070]

(Embodiment 1) In this embodiment, food waste from a cafeteria or a home is assumed as garbage to be decomposed. The garbage processing method described in this embodiment is performed using a garbage processing apparatus described below.

FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing the main structure of the garbage disposal apparatus. FIG. 2 is a side view of the garbage processing apparatus shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a plan view of the garbage processing apparatus shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 1, the garbage disposal apparatus includes a crushing apparatus 10 for crushing food waste to a predetermined size, and an enzyme treatment tank 20a provided below the crushing apparatus 10.
And an intermediate processing tank 20b provided adjacent to the enzyme processing tank 20a, and a final processing tank 30 provided adjacent to the intermediate processing tank 20b. Above the three enzyme treatment tanks 20a, the intermediate treatment tank 20b, and the final treatment tank 30, a dehumidifier 40 for dehumidifying each treatment tank is provided. The garbage processing apparatus is configured by arranging a crushing apparatus 10, an enzyme processing tank 20a, an intermediate processing tank 20b, a final processing tank 30, and a dehumidifying apparatus 40 in a housing 50 as shown in FIGS. ing.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, above the crushing device 10, a hopper 11 for feeding food waste is provided above. As shown in FIG. 1, the crushing apparatus 10 is provided with a pair of rotating shafts 13a and 13b in a housing 12 having an upper opening. A plurality of crushing blades 14a, 14b are provided around the rotating shafts 13a, 13b, and the food waste input from above by the crushing blades 14a, 14b rotating in a relative direction to each other is crushed to a predetermined fineness. It is supposed to be.

The crushing device 10 is, as shown in FIGS.
Provided at one end of the enzyme treatment tank 20a, the food waste crushed by the crushing device 10 falls into the enzyme treatment tank 20a. A rotating shaft 21 is provided in the enzyme treatment tank 20a along a longitudinal direction thereof so as to be driven by a motor. A plurality of stirring blades 22 are provided around the rotation shaft 21. The stirring blade 22 is fixed at a position slightly shifted in the circumferential direction from one end side to the other end side of the rotating shaft 21, and the crushed food waste dropped into the processing tank 20 is removed by the enzyme processing tank. A spiral is formed as a whole so that it can be transferred from one end to the other end of 20a.

An intermediate treatment tank 20b is provided adjacent to the inside of the enzyme treatment tank 20a. At the other end of the enzyme treatment tank 20a to which the crushed material is transferred, an opening 23 communicating with the intermediate treatment tank 20b is provided in a partition wall connected to the intermediate treatment tank 20b. The enzyme treatment tank 2 is also provided in the intermediate treatment tank 20b.
Rotating shaft 2 provided with the same stirring blades 24 as those provided inside 0a
5 are provided along the longitudinal direction. Intermediate processing tank 20
The decomposed product sent through the opening 23 into b is transferred to the other end side in the intermediate processing tank 20b.

At the other end of the intermediate processing tank 20b to which the decomposition products are sent, an opening 26 communicating with the final processing tank 30 is provided in the partition wall of the final processing tank 30 provided adjacent to the intermediate processing tank 20b. ing. The enzyme treatment tank 2 is also provided in the final treatment tank 30.
Rotating shaft 3 provided with stirring blades 31 similar to those provided inside 0a
2 is provided so that the processed material sent into the final processing tank 30 through the opening 26 can be transferred to the other end of the final processing tank 30.

An outlet 33 is provided at the other end of the final processing tank 30 to which the processed material is transferred.
The tray 34 provided below the tray can receive the final processed product.

The enzyme treatment tank 20a, the intermediate treatment tank 20
b, On the lower surface side of the final processing tank 30, heaters 27 are respectively provided along the lower surface formed in an arc shape so that the inside of the tank can be maintained at a predetermined temperature.

The thus constructed enzyme treatment tank 20a,
On the upper side of the intermediate processing tank 20b and the final processing tank 30, FIG.
As shown in FIG. 1, a dehumidifying device 40 is provided. As shown in FIG. 1, the dehumidifier 40 is formed in a box shape, and has a dehumidifier body 41 having a Peltier effect element built therein, a radiation fin 42 provided on the dehumidifier body 41, and a dehumidifier body 41. It comprises an intake pipe 43 which communicates, a fan 44 for exhausting the interior of the dehumidifier body 41, and an exhaust pipe 45.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the exhaust pipe 45 communicates with the final processing tank 30 via a flexible pipe 46, and the intake pipe 43 communicates with the intermediate processing tank 20b via a flexible pipe 47. ing. By rotating the fan 44, the gas in the intermediate processing tank 20b enters the dehumidifier main body 41 through the flexible pipe 47, and the gas dehumidified in the dehumidifier main body 41 passes through the flexible pipe 46 to the final processing tank. 30. The gas that has been dehumidified in the dehumidifier main body 41 and thus has entered the final processing tank 30 enters the adjacent intermediate processing tank 20b and circulates.

The following composition was assumed as the food waste of the present embodiment to be treated by the garbage disposal apparatus having the above-described configuration, based on the average composition of food waste discarded from various cafeterias and homes. Assumed composition is rice by weight: 25 ~
50%, vegetables: 10-40%, fish and meat: 0-15%,
Fried food (tempura, fried, etc.): 10 to 20%, others: 0 to 20%, each component is combined in such a range that the total amount is 100% by weight.

That is, 25% rice, 40% vegetables,
If fish / meat is 15%, fried food is 10% and others are 10%. 50% cooked rice, 10% vegetable,
If fish / meat is 0%, fried food is 20%, other 2
0%.

A plurality of the following types of enzymes are blended in the following proportions with food waste having the above-mentioned composition as a composite enzyme, and the above-mentioned garbage disposal apparatus is used to decompose the enzyme. Tried. Carbohydrate degrading enzymes (amylase and cellulase): 30 to 80% by weight Proteolytic enzymes (protease): 5 to 40% by weight Fats and oils / lipolytic enzymes (lipase): 5 to 50% by weight The total of the above enzymes is 100% by weight. The composite enzyme may be formed by setting the mixing ratio within the above range so as to obtain the composite enzyme. For example, when the proportion of cooked rice, vegetables, etc. in the food waste is large, the amount may be changed as appropriate, such as adding a large amount of carbohydrate-decomposing enzymes within the above range according to the proportion. Further, for example, the mixing ratio of amylase and cellulase may be appropriately adjusted according to the ratio of cooked rice to vegetables.

The complex enzyme was packaged by a prescribed amount using a packaging material used for packaging powders, and used in accordance with the amount of garbage to be treated. In this example, for example, 2.5 g of the complex enzyme having the above composition was used as one packaged amount. One package of the complex enzyme having the above structure may be used for 10 kg of food waste having the above composition.

As shown in FIG. 1, the food waste having the above composition is put into a crusher 10 via a hopper 11. Food waste that has been discarded in the crushing device 10 and reduced to a predetermined size falls into the enzyme treatment tank 20a. When the food waste is charged into the hopper 11, a predetermined number of the above-mentioned complex enzymes may be charged.

[0086] The supplied sachet is broken by the crushing blades 14a and 14b provided in the crushing device 10 together with the food waste, and the complex enzyme therein is mixed with the crushed food waste.

In crushing the food waste, water may be injected together with the food waste so that the hydrolysis of the crushed product by the enzyme proceeds smoothly. The water injection amount may be 50% by weight or more of the weight of the food waste to be charged.

The food waste crushed by the crusher 10 is
It is sent into the enzyme treatment tank 20a provided below the crushing device. The crushed material dropped into the enzyme treatment tank 20a is stirred by the stirring blade 22 having the above-described configuration provided in the enzyme treatment tank 20a.
It is slowly transferred to the other end in the enzyme treatment tank 20a.
In the enzyme treatment tank 20a, the crushed material and the enzyme are mixed in a slurry state, and the hydrolysis of the crushed material is advanced by the enzyme while being sent by the stirring blade 22. The heater 27 is provided on the lower surface side of the enzyme treatment tank 20a, and the temperature in the enzyme treatment tank 20a is maintained within a range of 40 to 50 ° C suitable for the enzyme reaction.

The processed material transferred from one end of the enzyme treatment tank 20a to the other end of the tank while being hydrolyzed by the enzyme is transferred to the adjacent intermediate treatment tank 20b through the opening 23. It is. The processed product sent into the intermediate processing tank 20b is slowly transferred to the opening 26 by the rotating stirring blades 24 provided in the intermediate processing tank 20b. The temperature in the intermediate processing tank 20b is maintained at a temperature of 70 to 90 ° C. by a heater provided on the lower surface, and moisture of the processed material is removed. The water in the intermediate processing tank 20b is removed until the water content becomes about 40%.

The removal of water from the processed material in the intermediate processing tank 20b depends on the high temperature environment in the intermediate processing tank 20b and the final processing tank 30b.
This is performed by the dehumidified air flowing into the intermediate processing tank 20b from the side. By exposing the processing object to a high temperature of 70 to 90 ° C. in the intermediate processing tank 20b, the intermediate processing tank 20b
The residual enzyme brought into the inside together with the processed material will be completely inactivated.

At the same time, most of the germs attached to the processed material are also pasteurized at a high temperature. In this way, the processed product after the deactivation of the remaining enzyme and the sterilization is sent into the final processing tank 30 through the opening 26. The processed material sent into the final processing tank 30 is slowly transferred to the discharge port 33 by the rotating stirring blade 31. Final treatment tank 3
Inside 0, the temperature in the tank is set to 100 to 130 ° C. by the heater, and at the same time, the dry gas is sent from the dehumidifier main body 41. Removed to less than 10%. In this way,
The final processed product processed into a dry state is discharged from the outlet 33
It will be discharged out of the device. The final product was dark and almost granular.

In this embodiment, the passage time in the enzyme treatment tank 20a is 8 hours, and the passage time in the intermediate treatment device 20b is 1 hour.
0-16 hours, the passing time in the final processing tank 30 is 4-8
It was time. The substantial decomposition time by the enzyme can be regarded as the passage time in the enzyme treatment tank 20a.

The usefulness of the final product thus obtained was examined below. By the way, by applying the garbage disposal method of the present invention, the weight of food waste before treatment is reduced by 84% and the volume is 90%.
% Reduction. Weight loss is largely due to the decrease in water content.

Paddy rice was cultivated in the same soil where the final treatment was mixed at a ratio of 1% by weight and when the final treatment was not mixed at all, and the degree of growth was compared.
Cultivation was performed in plastic containers. As a result, it was confirmed that when the final processed material was mixed and cultivated, the degree of division of the stem on the ground side was 1.7 times. In addition, when the condition of the roots in the ground was confirmed, it was confirmed that the number of hair roots increased by 20%. Further, in terms of yield,
It was also confirmed that the increase was 0 to 20%.

The term "divide" refers to branching from the joint of the stem close to the root of the rice. In paddy rice cultivation, the growth status of the rice is compared with this degree of division. The yield was measured by counting the number of grains attached to one rice ear. It was confirmed that the average grain size increased from 68 grains to 84 grains as compared to the comparative example.

From the increase in the degree of splitting and the increase in the number of grains attached to one rice ear, it is expected that the overall yield of paddy cultivation having a large cultivated area will be dramatically increased.

Further, regarding the sugar content of the grown strawberry fruit, the sugar content of the strawberry cultivated in the soil mixed with the final treated product obtained by the treatment method of the present invention was 20% higher than that in the case of no mixing. And the taste became apparently sweeter.

It was confirmed that the method for treating garbage of the present invention is a method capable of effectively converting food waste into a product that can be used as it is as a soil improving material for fertilizing the cultivated soil. Such a final treated product can be used as it is as a product as described above, or can be mixed with other fertilizers and used as a raw material of a product as another form of soil improving material.

(Embodiment 2) In the description of Embodiment 1 described above, the composite enzyme having the above composition is used for the average composition of food waste discarded from a cafeteria, a household, etc. However, it was confirmed that the complex enzyme could be used as a very effective soil conditioner. Next, it was verified whether such a complex enzyme can be further applied to food waste discarded from a food processing site. As described above, food waste discarded from food processing sites tends to have a composition biased according to the processing target, unlike food waste discarded from cafeterias, homes, and the like.

The confectionery bread discarded from the baking factory was treated as food waste using the complex enzyme having the above composition. In consideration of the composition of the confectionery bread, the complex enzyme to be used contains a larger amount of carbohydrate-decomposing enzymes, especially in the range of each enzyme, than in the case of food waste mainly composed of garbage and the like targeted for decomposition in the above description. Was used.

Since the confectionery bread has a low water content from the beginning, water equivalent to 50 to 100% by weight of the weight of the confectionery bread is added in order to smoothly carry out hydrolysis by the enzyme.
Water was injected during crushing. 2.5 g of enzyme as described above
Was used as one package, and two enzyme packages were used for 10 kg of confectionery bread.

Under the conditions described above, FIG.
And the final processed product was obtained. The final processed product was a brownish coarse powder.

The effectiveness of the final treated product as a soil improving material in paddy rice cultivation was examined by experiments. The experimental conditions were the same as in Example 1. That is, the degree of growth of the paddy rice grown in the plastic container was compared between the case where the final treated product was mixed in the same soil at a ratio of 1% by weight and the case where the final treated product was not mixed at all. Result is,
As in the case of Example 1, it was confirmed that the degree of tillering on the ground side was 1.8 times, the number of hair roots was increased by 22%, and the yield was increased by at least 10 to 20%. .

Regarding the sugar content of the strawberry fruit, the sugar content of the strawberry cultivated in the soil mixed with the final treated product was 20% higher than that cultivated in the unmixed soil, as in the case of Example 1. And the taste became apparently sweeter.

Therefore, the present inventors analyzed the components of the final processed product obtained in Example 2 and examined the degree of enzymatic decomposition in the garbage disposal method of the present invention. The degree of degradation was determined by focusing on carbohydrate-degrading enzymes. The soluble carbohydrate per final treatment was 13.4%. The breakdown of such soluble saccharides is that monosaccharides are 52% and disaccharides are 2%.
0.5% and 27.5% from trisaccharide to hexasaccharide. Sweeteners such as sugar are naturally used in confectionery bread, but trehalose and the like, which should not be contained in such sweeteners, are detected. Is strongly inferred. From these results, it was determined that the ratio of oligosaccharides and / or monosaccharides to soluble saccharides should be 50% by weight or more.

The above-mentioned soluble carbohydrate content is obtained by measuring a sample solution prepared by subjecting the final processed product to an alcohol extraction treatment by an anthrone sulfate method. The sugar composition of the soluble carbohydrate is
The sample solution was determined by gas chromatography.

The details of how the increase in the content of soluble carbohydrate in the final treated product mixed with the soil leads to the good growth of the cultivated plant must be awaited for further study. In this stage, the increase in soluble carbohydrates promotes the growth and activity of soil bacteria useful for cultivated plants such as rice when the final treatment is mixed with soil, and consequently leads to the good growth of cultivated plants. It is estimated that

[0108] In the second embodiment, the case where confectionery bread was processed in a bakery was described, but the complex enzyme was also applicable to the processing of bread dough discarded in a bakery.

Also, by increasing the mixing ratio of both the fat / lipolytic enzyme and the proteolytic enzyme within the range of the mixing ratio of the individual enzymes of the complex enzyme, for example, the amount of the aralas discarded from a fish processing plant is increased. The food waste mainly consisting of garbage was able to be processed sufficiently. The final processed product was in the form of a substantially brown, slightly greasy powder. This final treated product also exhibited an effect as an effective soil improving material, similarly to Examples 1 and 2. The composite enzyme having such a composition was sufficiently used for treating food waste such as offal, which was discarded from a meat processing plant.

Further, by using the above-mentioned complex enzyme, confectionery such as Western confectionery, Japanese confectionery, rice cakes, fruit and vegetable market, so-called vegetable waste discarded from a vegetable processing plant, etc., and desiccant discarded from a brewery can be sufficiently obtained. It was confirmed that decomposition treatment was performed.

Further, it was confirmed that fresh flower waste discarded from a flower market or a flower shop can be sufficiently decomposed by using the complex enzyme.

(Embodiment 2) In the embodiment of the present invention, a garbage processing apparatus used in the garbage processing method of the present invention described in the first embodiment will be described. In particular, in the present embodiment, a garbage processing apparatus configured for efficiently processing garbage such as a large amount of food waste will be described.

As shown in FIG. 4, the garbage disposal apparatus of the present invention is provided with a crusher 110 as means for crushing garbage such as food waste. The crushing device 110 is provided with a pair of rotating rollers 120 facing each other in the container 110a, and the rotating rollers 120 are rotated so that the crushing blades provided for each of them are nested in each other. The method of putting the raw garbage into the crushing device 110 may be performed by an appropriate method according to the processing scale or the like. For example, using a transfer container 130 such as a hopper is convenient for mass processing.

The garbage introduced from the upper opening of the container 110a is crushed between the two rotating rollers 120 and passes below the container 110a. Unless the crushing proceeds sufficiently, the crushing is continued between the rotating rollers 120 until the crushing occurs between the two rotating rollers 120 and is small enough to pass. The crushed garbage is transferred to the conveying pipe 140.
, And sent to the enzyme treatment tank 150.

The enzyme treatment tank 150 is provided around the heat insulating means 16.
0 is provided in the container 150a. Heat retention means 1
As 60, for example, a jacket having a built-in heater capable of adjusting the temperature may be configured to cover the periphery of the container 150a. The heat retaining means 160 may have a configuration other than the heater means as long as the temperature in the enzyme treatment tank 150 can be maintained at a temperature at which the enzyme treatment can be smoothly performed.

In the enzyme treatment tank 150, the enzyme treatment tank 150
An enzyme feeding means 170 for adding a required enzyme to the garbage sent into the garbage is connected. Enzyme charging means 17
For example, when the hopper 170a has a predetermined capacity, the lower discharge pipe of the hopper 170a is opened and closed by opening and closing the solenoid valve, and the enzyme in the hopper 170a is supplied to the supply pipe 170b.
May be sent to the inside of the enzyme treatment tank 150.

The enzyme treatment tank 150 has a temperature sensor 180
Is provided, and the processing temperature at which the enzyme treatment is performed is monitored in real time. The temperature sensor 180 is connected to the heat retaining means 160, and when a temperature abnormality is detected by the temperature sensor 180, a signal to that effect is sent to the heat retaining means 160, and the heater is turned on and off by the signal. Has become.

A stirring means 190 is provided in the enzyme treatment tank 150 having such a structure so that the food waste and the enzyme are sufficiently stirred. As the stirring means 190, for example, as schematically shown in FIG. 4, a stirring blade 190a that rotates with a motor may be configured to rotate in a tank.

A liquid level sensor 210 may be provided in the enzyme treatment tank 150. If the liquid level sensor 210 is provided, the amount of garbage can be adjusted when the garbage is liquid. When the liquid level reaches a preset level, the state can be detected by the liquid level sensor 210 and the charging into the enzyme treatment tank 150 can be stopped.

In the enzyme treatment tank 150 having such a configuration, a dehydrating / drying device 220a is used as a drying means 220 as a conveying pipe 230.
Connected through. Enzyme treatment is performed in the enzyme treatment tank 150, and the food waste that has been sufficiently decomposed is dried with hot air in the dehydration / drying device 220a to be dehydrated and dried to a predetermined moisture content. In this way, the garbage is dehydrated and dried to a predetermined moisture content after the enzyme treatment, and as a final processed product, the discharge pipe 23 provided in the dehydration drying
0a is discharged in powder form. The final product is, for example,
Once received by the hopper 240a and the like,
And store it in a required location and perform required processing such as bagging.

In this embodiment, the dehydrating and drying device 220a
In this case, since the dehydration is performed by using a drying temperature of about 100 ° C., in the drying and dehydrating apparatus, what is processed in the enzyme treatment tank 150 is sterilized at a high temperature. That is, in the present embodiment, the drying means also serves as the sterilizing means. Further, at such a high temperature, the remaining enzyme is deactivated, and the double enzyme also serves as a deactivating means.

In the present invention, since the carbohydrate is decomposed into small saccharides, various bacteria are easily propagated in the enzyme-treated one, and such a sterilization treatment is required. Of course, the drying means and the sterilizing means may be provided separately.

In the above description of the garbage processing apparatus, the case where the crushing apparatus 110 for crushing the garbage is provided in front of the enzyme treatment tank 150 is described. Some crushing devices, such as okara, do not need to be crushed. If the crushing device is configured to be dedicated to food waste that does not need to be crushed, the crushing device 110 need not be provided.

In the above description, the case where the drying means 220 is connected to the enzyme treatment tank 150 via the transfer pipe 230 has been described. However, without connecting to the drying means 220, the high-temperature sterilization is performed in a state where the enzyme treatment is completed. Then, this may be discharged as a final processed product.

That is, the apparatus for enzymatically treating garbage such as food waste according to the present invention is an optional component that does not require the crusher 110 depending on the form of garbage.
Also, the drying means is an optional constituent device which may be omitted as long as the form as the final processed product is a liquid.

Although the present invention has been described with specific examples according to the first and second embodiments, according to the present invention,
Food waste and other garbage can be processed into final products containing high amounts of oligosaccharides and monosaccharides, so they can be used as soil improvers to fertilize cultivated plants, or mixed with other components It can be used effectively as a raw material. In particular, since the decomposition treatment is performed with an enzyme without the aid of the decomposition ability of the microorganism, the generation of an odor peculiar to the decomposition treatment of the microorganism can be avoided.

In the method for treating garbage according to the present invention, since the enzyme can be deactivated, the final processed product does not include the residual enzyme having the remaining activity, and there is no risk of damage by the residual enzyme. Since the final processed product obtained by the garbage treatment of the present invention is sterilized, mold and rot do not occur when the final processed product is stored. Since the enzyme used in the present invention is packaged, it is not necessary to weigh it each time it is used, and the enzyme can be easily and safely added without worrying about attachment of the enzyme in handling the enzyme.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and may be variously modified without departing from the gist of the present invention.

For example, in the first embodiment, the case where the complex enzyme is packaged has been described. However, as in the configuration of the second embodiment, when there is no concern that the enzyme adheres to the skin, packaging is performed. Instead, they may be weighed and used as needed.

In the first embodiment, food waste is mainly described as an example of garbage. However, for example, unnecessary fresh flowers discarded from a horticultural farmer, a flower market, or a flower shop are also treated as garbage. It is an object of the enzymatic degradation of the present invention. Further, waste feeds containing grasses and the like generated when breeding livestock such as cattle and pigs and poultry such as chickens are also subjected to the enzymatic decomposition of the present invention as garbage.

[0131] In the second embodiment, since the processing device decomposes garbage with an enzyme, the generation of offensive odor can be sufficiently prevented unlike the case where the decomposition process is performed by microorganisms.
However, the odor that the garbage had before processing was
Since it is not subject to decomposition by enzymes, the odor originally contained in garbage cannot be removed. Therefore, a deodorizing device for removing such odor may be provided.

[0132]

According to the present invention, garbage such as food waste can be processed to a final product containing a large amount of oligosaccharides and monosaccharides. Such a final processed product can be effectively used as it is as a soil improving material for fertilizing the cultivated plant, or as a raw material of a product to be mixed with other components.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a garbage disposal apparatus that can convert food waste used in Embodiment 1 of the present invention into useful raw materials and the like.

FIG. 2 is a side view of the garbage processing apparatus shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of the garbage processing apparatus shown in FIG.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the configuration of a garbage disposal apparatus for carrying out processing of a large amount of food waste.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Crusher 11 Hopper 12 Housing 13a Rotating shaft 13b Rotating shaft 14a Crushing blade 14b Crushing blade 20a Enzyme processing tank 20b Intermediate processing tank 21 Rotating shaft 22 Stirring blade 23 Opening 24 Stirring blade 25 Rotating shaft 26 Opening 27 Heater 30 Final treatment tank 31 Stirrer blade 32 Rotating shaft 33 Outlet 40 Dehumidifier 41 Dehumidifier main body 42 Radiation fin 43 Intake pipe 44 Fan 45 Exhaust pipe 46 Flexible pipe 47 Flexible pipe 50 Housing 110 Crusher 110a Container 120 Rotation Roller 130 Transport container 140 Transport tube 150 Enzyme treatment tank 150a Container 160 Insulation means 170 Enzyme input means 170a Hopper 170b Supply pipe 180 Temperature sensor 190 Stirring means 190a Stirring blade 210 Liquid level sensor 220 Drying means 220a Dehydrating and drying apparatus 30 conveyor tube 230a discharge pipe 240 container 240a hopper

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI theme coat ゛ (reference) B09B 5/00 B09B 3/00 Z C12M 1/00 303M 5/00 PF term (reference) 4B029 AA27 BB16 4C058 AA27 BB04 BB06 BB07 CC05 CC07 CC08 EE11 JJ26 KK02 KK45 KK46 4D004 AA01 AA03 BA10 CA04 CA15 CA20 CA22 CA42 CA43 CA46 CB04 CB13 CB28 CB32 CC07 DA03 DA10

Claims (14)

[Claims] 1. A method for decomposing garbage such as food waste with an enzyme without the aid of the decomposing ability of microorganisms, comprising: a decomposition step of adding an enzyme to the garbage to decompose; A method of treating garbage, comprising a sterilizing step of sterilizing the processed material. 2. The garbage disposal method according to claim 1, further comprising an inactivation step of inactivating the enzyme after the decomposition step, wherein the inactivation step also serves as the sterilization step, or A garbage disposal method, which is provided as a step different from the sterilization step. 3. The method for treating garbage according to claim 1, wherein the enzyme is required to decompose carbohydrates contained in the garbage into oligosaccharides and / or monosaccharides of 6 or less saccharides. A garbage disposal method comprising a carbohydrate-decomposing enzyme. 4. The method for treating garbage according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the oligosaccharides and / or monosaccharides in the soluble saccharide of the final processed product in the garbage disposal method is as follows. Garbage disposal method characterized by being 50% by weight or more. 5. The method for treating garbage according to claim 1, wherein the enzyme comprises 30 to 80% by weight of a carbohydrate-degrading enzyme that degrades a carbohydrate contained in the garbage. 5 to 40% by weight of fats and oils / lipolytic enzymes for decomposing fats and / or lipids contained in garbage, and 5 to 50% by weight of proteases for decomposing proteins contained in the garbage, The total amount of the carbohydrate degrading enzyme, the fat / lipid degrading enzyme and the protease is 90 to 10 of the enzyme.
A garbage disposal method characterized by being within the range of 0% by weight. 6. The garbage disposal method according to claim 5, wherein the carbohydrate degrading enzymes are amylase and cellulase. 7. The method for treating garbage according to claim 5, wherein said fat / oil / lipolytic enzyme is a lipase. 8. The garbage disposal method according to claim 5, wherein the protease is a protease. 9. The garbage disposal method according to claim 5, wherein ATP lyase and / or catalase are contained in the range of 0 to 10% by weight. Processing method. 10. The method for treating garbage according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the enzyme added is 20 ppm or more based on the weight of the garbage. . 11. The method for treating garbage according to claim 1, wherein the enzyme is packaged and charged when the garbage is crushed. . 12. The garbage disposal method according to claim 1, wherein 50% by weight or more of water based on the weight of the garbage is added during the decomposition treatment with the enzyme. A characteristic garbage disposal method. 13. A treatment apparatus for decomposing garbage such as food waste with an enzyme without the aid of the ability to decompose microorganisms, comprising: an enzyme treatment tank for decomposing the garbage with the enzyme; An apparatus for treating garbage, comprising: a deactivating means for deactivating the enzyme after the step; and a sterilizing means which also serves as the deactivating means or is provided separately from the deactivating means. 14. The garbage disposal apparatus according to claim 13, wherein a crushing means for crushing the input food waste is connected to the enzyme treatment tank, and the enzyme treatment tank is decomposed by an enzyme treatment tank. Drying means for drying the decomposed product that is generated is connected, and the drying means also serves as the inactivating means and / or sterilizing means, or is a different means from the inactivating means and sterilizing means. A garbage disposal device characterized by the following.