KR101761321B1 - Enzyme composition for disposing of food waste - Google Patents

Abstract

More particularly, the present invention relates to an enzyme composition for treating garbage, which comprises 5 to 20% by weight of an amylase, 15 to 30% by weight of a cellulase, 15 to 30% by weight of a lipase, 20 to 64.5% by weight of a buffer solution having an acidity of 7.0 to 9.0, and 0.3 to 3% by weight of an increasing agent.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to an enzyme composition for disposing of food waste,

More particularly, the present invention relates to an enzyme composition for treating garbage, which comprises 5 to 20% by weight of an amylase, 15 to 30% by weight of a cellulase, 15 to 30% by weight of a lipase, 20 to 64.5% by weight of a buffer solution having an acidity of 7.0 to 9.0, and 0.3 to 3% by weight of an increasing agent.

With the recent development of industry and the expansion of consumption and food culture, the amount of food waste generated in general households, restaurants, and industries has increased significantly. Such food wastes, unlike other household wastes, contain a large amount of water. Therefore, when they are easily decayed and buried, leachate is generated to pollute the surrounding soil and water quality, and complaints may be caused by bad odor .

So each municipality invests considerable effort and social expenditure to hygienically collect and dispose of the enormous amount of food waste that is generated every day. The food waste thus collected is usually treated by a special treatment facility using a hot air drying method, a pulverizing drying method, a microbial fermentation method, a freezing method, or the like. In addition, households and restaurants also reduce the amount of waste generated by using household food waste disposal equipment that crushes, heats and dries food waste.

On the other hand, since food waste includes a large amount of nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and vegetable fibers, techniques for reducing the amount of food waste generated using microorganisms decomposing these nutrients have been developed.

For example, Korean Patent Registration No. 10-0314396 (Oct. 29, 2001) discloses a novel strain capable of decomposing fat, starch, protein and cellulose, capable of growing at a middle temperature and a high temperature, , A technique of reducing the amount of food waste by 70 ~ 80% by decomposing food waste having salinity at a middle temperature and a high temperature by adding a strain of Bacillus genus WF024 to food wastes.

In addition, Japanese Patent Registration No. 10-0452125 (Sep. 30, 2004) discloses a novel microorganism preparation for fermentation and extinction of food waste which is a waste organic resource of municipal wastes, and has a protease and lipase enzyme activity, (Accession No. KCTC 10268BP), which has excellent activity of degrading Bacillus subtilis BRD-007, and a microbial agent for fermentation and extinction of food waste, which comprises the strain.

In addition, in the registered patent No. 10-0580857 (May 10, 2006), a mixed state of Bacillus smith I and ATS-1 (Accession No. KCTC 10637BP), which is a mixed strain of high temperature yeast, Discloses a method for effectively treating food waste while maintaining high decomposition activity.

Finally, in the registered patent 10-1161670 (June 26, 2012) and 10-1529832 (June 11, 2015), growth is rapid in various temperature, pH and salinity ranges, and cellulose, amylose, protein And a method for treating food waste through the same.

Registration No. 10-0314396 (October 29, 2001) Registration No. 10-0452125 (September 30, 2004) Registration No. 10-0580857 (May 10, 2006) Registration No. 10-1161670 (June 26, 2012) Registration No. 10-1529832 (June 11, 2015)

As has been pointed out above, attempts have been made to reduce the amount of food waste generated using microorganisms that secrete food waste decomposition enzymes. However, these conventional microorganisms are living organisms, and they must be kept in culture even during storage and distribution. Therefore, there is a problem that it is difficult to commercialize them. Furthermore, when food waste is decayed and the spoilage bacteria become dominant, there is a possibility that the odor is generated due to the change of pH or the decomposition process of the organic material proceeds very slowly.

In addition, conventional microorganisms for food garbage disposal include amylase, cellulase and lipase as well as protease, which is a protease. The protease decomposes other enzymes composed of proteins to inhibit the overall enzymatic activity have.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an enzyme composition for food garbage disposal, which is easy to store and commercialize, has a simple treatment method, and can speed up decomposition of organic matter contained in food waste.

The enzyme composition for treating garbage according to the present invention comprises 5 to 20% by weight of amylase, 15 to 30% by weight of cellulase, 15 to 30% by weight of lipase, 20 to 64.5% by weight of a buffer solution having a pH of 7.0 to 9.0, and 0.3 to 3% by weight of an increasing agent.

The enzymatic composition according to the present invention rapidly hydrolyzes various organic substances contained in food wastes and liquefies them, thereby remarkably reducing the amount of generated wastes, and further suppressing the generation of odor due to decay of food wastes.

FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are cross-sectional structural views of a food garbage disposal apparatus according to the present invention.

The enzyme composition for treating garbage according to the present invention includes amylase, cellulase, lipase, buffer solution, and a thickening agent, which are food waste decomposing enzymes.

First, the amylase mainly hydrolyzes starch contained in cereals in food waste and decomposes it into maltose or dextrin to liquefy it. The cellulase decomposes cellulose, which is a basic constituent of the cell wall, into glucose and liquefies it As an enzyme, it mainly functions to decompose the fibrin contained in vegetables. The lipase is an enzyme which decomposes fat into fatty acid and glycerin and liquefies it. It functions mainly to decompose the fat contained in meat in food waste.

The content of the enzymes is 5 to 20% by weight of amylase, 15 to 30% by weight of cellulase and 15 to 30% by weight of lipase. The content of starch, vegetable fiber and fat contained in ordinary food waste And determine the rate at which they can be hydrolyzed most effectively.

The amylase, the cellulase and the lipase are preferably in an aqueous solution having an enzyme activity concentration of 1,000,000 MIU / g, 6,200 IU / g and 100 KIU / g, respectively. When the enzymatic activity concentration of the enzymes is lower than the above range, the hydrolysis efficiency with respect to the organic matter declines and the speed of decomposing the food waste is delayed.

The buffer solution functions to maintain the working environment of the enzymes in a buffer state of pH 7.0 to 9.0. In general, food waste tends to be acidified by microorganisms as time goes by, and the activity of the enzymes is weakened under such acidic conditions. In the present invention, the buffer solution is used to prevent the food waste from being acidified.

As the solute of the buffer solution, any one or more of tris, potassium bicarbonate, potassium phosphate, and potassium hydroxide may be used as the potassium-based alkali solute. It is most preferable to use potassium phosphate. The potassium (K ⁺ ) -based alkali solutes function to enhance the activity of the enzymes by replacing sodium ions (Na +) of sodium chloride (NaCl) contained in food waste with potassium ions (K +).

It is preferable that the buffer solution has an ionic strength of 50 to 500 mM. If the ionic strength is less than 50 mM, the food waste may be easily corroded or fermented to easily change the acidity of the buffer solution, which may weaken the activity of the lipase. Conversely, if the ionic strength exceeds 500 mM, There is a disadvantage that the decomposition action is generally delayed.

The content of the buffer is 20 to 64.5% by weight of the total amount of the composition. If the amount is less than 20% by weight, the buffering effect is so weak that the enzymes do not exhibit sufficient functions. On the other hand, The content of enzymes is lowered.

The enzyme composition may further comprise 0.3 to 3% by weight of the incremental agent, and the incremental agent may be xanthan gum, guar gum or a mixture thereof. Such an enhancer functions to increase the viscosity of the enzyme composition and adhere to the surface of the food waste, and thus the enzyme composition does not lose its function and functions to sustain the hydrolysis for a long time.

If the content of the thickening agent is less than 0.3% by weight, the effect of increasing the viscosity of the enzyme composition is hardly obtained. On the other hand, if the content of the thickening agent is more than 3% by weight, the thickening agent is not uniformly dispersed. Since the content of the thickening agent is smaller than that of other components, it is preferable to mix the buffer with the buffer solution for the uniform dispersion before mixing with the enzymes.

As described above, the enzyme composition according to the present invention is characterized in that it does not contain a protease that degrades the protein. This is because the protease decomposes or transforms the amylase, cellulase and lipase to inhibit its activity. When the lipase decomposes the fat contained in the animal organic substance, the protein remaining in the animal organic substance is directly decomposed into peptides and amino acids, so that the lipase alone can bring about a sufficient decomposition effect.

1 and 2, the apparatus for treating garbage according to the present invention includes a dehydration tank 10, an enzyme tank 20, an injector 30, a stirring device 40, a hot air device (Not shown) and a control unit (not shown).

The dewatering tank 10 has an inner space for receiving food waste, a dehydration hole 11 is densely penetrated through the U-shaped bottom, and a drain hole 12 is provided at a lower end thereof. It is preferable that the dewatering hole 11 has a diameter of about 1 mm so that only the liquid organic matter from which the food waste is decomposed is discharged.

The food waste introduced into the dewatering tank 10 is finely pulverized. The surface area of the food waste must be widened to expand the contact area between the enzyme composition and the food waste. To this end, a semicircular blade 13 for cutting the food waste is attached to the U-shaped bottom surface of the dewatering tank 10.

The enzyme tank 20 stores an enzyme composition for hydrolyzing the food waste, and is installed at one side of the outer wall of the dehydration tank 10. The enzyme composition stored in the enzyme tank 20 is preferably the enzyme composition of the present invention described above.

The injector 30 injects the enzyme composition into the upper end of the dewatering tank 10 and injects it toward the food garbage, and has the same structure as a conventional injector.

The stirrer 40 stirs the food waste and the enzyme composition in the dewatering tank 10, and a rotary blade 41 is provided. The rotary blade (41) intersects with the semicircular blade (13) and cuts the food waste.

The hot air device injects hot air of 40 to 45 DEG C into the upper end of the dewatering tank 10 and the control unit controls the spray device 30, the stirring device 40 and the hot air device 50 Function. For reference, when a hot wire or a hot plate is provided as a heating device for the dewatering tank 10, the activity of enzymes may decrease, which is not preferable.

First, the food waste is finely pulverized with a conventional pulverizing device and is introduced into the dehydration tank 10, and the enzyme composition of the present invention is sprayed to the jetting device 30, The garbage and the enzyme composition are thoroughly mixed.

Then, the hot air is introduced into the dewatering tank 10 at a temperature of 40 to 45 DEG C for about 6 to 12 hours. In this way, the enzyme composition gradually decomposes the starch, cellulose and lipids contained in the food waste into a very dilute liquid organic matter. The liquid organic matter is discharged to the sewerage through the dewatering hole 11 and the drain port 12, leaving only a small amount of solid matter such as unbroken bone fragments or tough fibers.

In this case, if the injection amount of the enzyme composition, the spraying rate, the stirring speed of the stirring device, the temperature of the hot air, and the like are adjusted according to the state of the food waste and the external temperature using the control unit provided with a separate control program, Food waste can be treated.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described. However, the scope of the present invention is not limited by these examples.

[Example]

The enzyme compositions according to the present invention were prepared according to the composition and content ratios as shown in Table 1 below. However, in Examples 1 to 3, xanthan gum used as a thickening agent in potassium phosphate buffer solution was first mixed and then mixed with other components.

Constituent Content (% by weight) Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Amylase 5 10 15 20 20 Cellulase 15 20 25 30 30 Lipase 15 20 25 30 30 Potassium phosphate buffer 64.5 49.5 34.5 20 20 Xanthan gum 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0

In Table 1, the amylase used was a product of BIO-CAT having an enzyme activity concentration of 1,2000,000 IU / g, the cellulase was a product of NOVOZYME having an enzyme activity concentration of 6,200 IU / g, 100 KIU / g manufactured by NOVOZYME.

[Weight loss test]

One) Test Example  One; bracket Example  Measurement of weight loss effect on enzyme composition

A mixture of 10 kg of Chinese cabbage, 2 kg of bread, 5 kg of bread, 2 kg of rice, 500 g of beef, 500 g of pork and 600 g of salt were mixed and sufficiently kneaded and then pulverized with a food pulverizer to prepare a food waste sample having a unit weight of 20 kg.

The food garbage disposal apparatus of FIGS. 1 and 2 was prepared and the food samples were sequentially fed into the dehydration tank 10 of the treatment apparatus at a rate of 20 kg each. Then, the inventive Of the enzyme composition were sprayed in an amount of 10 ml each.

Hot air at 42 to 44 DEG C was sprayed into the dewatering tank 10 using the hot air device of the above-described food waste disposal apparatus, and the stirring device 40 was rotated at a speed of 3 rpm for 3 hours, 6 hours, 9 hours, The weight of each sample was measured after 12 hours, and the results are shown in Table 2 below. In the following Table 2, the weight loss effect (Kg) is a value excluding the residual weight (Kg) at the initial weight (20 Kg) of each sample at the time of measurement.

division Weight loss effect (Kg) 3 hours elapsed 6 hours elapsed 9 hours elapsed 12 hours elapsed Example 1 2.9 10.2 14.6 17.3 Example 2 3.0 10.3 14.7 17.4 Example 3 3.1 10.3 14.6 17.5 Example 4 2.1 5.5 7.8 12.7 Example 5 2.3 5.6 8.0 12.8

As shown in Table 2, in the present invention, the weight loss effect was not significantly different according to the content of each enzyme, but the enzyme composition of Example 2 was found to be most effective considering the economical aspect. However, Examples 4 and 5, which did not use the thickening agent, showed a relatively low weight loss effect as compared with Examples 1 to 3.

2) Test Example  2 ; Measurement of weight loss effect according to usage of enzyme composition

The same procedure as in Test Example 1 was carried out except that the injection amount of the enzyme composition according to Example 2 was increased to 20 ml, 30 ml and 40 ml, and the weight loss effect was measured in the same manner as in Test Example 1, The results are shown in Table 1 together with the results of Example 2.

division Weight loss effect (Kg) sample usage 3 hours elapsed 6 hours elapsed 9 hours elapsed 12 hours elapsed One 10 ml 3.0 kg 10.3 kg 14.7 kg 17.4 kg 2 20 ml 3.1 kg 12.3 kg 16.2 kg 17.8 kg 3 30 ml 3.9 kg 13.8 kg 17.0 kg 17.9 kg 4 40 ml 4.8 kg 14.9 kg 17.2 kg 17.8 kg

As shown in Table 3, when the amount of the enzyme composition according to the present invention was increased from 10 ml to 20 ml, 30 ml and 40 ml, when the enzyme composition was used for 3 hours, As the time elapsed, the difference decreased, indicating that there was no significant difference at 12 hours.

3) Test Example  3; Comparison of weight loss effect with conventional microbial strains

Bacillus licheniformis , Aspergillus , which are known microbial strains known to secrete food waste enzymes, oryzae , Aspergillus niger , and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were cultured in a Potato dextrose broth medium to a concentration of 6 × 10 ⁹ / ml or more, respectively.

20 Kg of the same food waste as in Test Example 1 was prepared as a comparative sample and 500 ml of the strain was added to the fertilizer sample together with the medium and then the weight loss effect was measured in the same manner as in Test Example 1, The results are shown in Table 1 together with the results of Example 2.

division Weight loss effect (Kg) 3 hours elapsed 6 hours elapsed 9 hours elapsed 12 hours elapsed Example 2 3.0 Kg 10.3 Kg 14.7 Kg 17.4 Kg Comparative sample 1.4 Kg 2.1 Kg 5.5 Kg 9.1 Kg

As shown in Table 4, the enzyme composition according to the present invention showed that the effect of reducing garbage was improved by about 1.9 times as compared with that of the conventional microorganism strain after 12 hours.

10; Dehydrating tank 11; Dehydration ball
12; Drainage 13; Semi-circular blade
20; An enzyme tank 30; Injection device
40; Stirring device 41; Rotary wing

Claims (8)

5 to 20% by weight of amylase, 15 to 30% by weight of cellulase, 15 to 30% by weight of lipase, 20 to 64.5% by weight of buffer solution having an acidity of 7.0 to 9.0, And 0.3 to 3 wt% of the total weight of the food waste.
delete The enzyme composition according to claim 1, wherein the thickening agent is xanthan gum, guar gum or a mixture thereof.
The method according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the solute of the buffer solution is at least one selected from the group consisting of tris, potassium bicarbonate, potassium phosphate, and potassium hydroxide Enzyme composition for treating garbage.
5. The enzyme composition for treating food waste according to claim 4, wherein the buffer solution has an ionic strength of 50 to 500 mM.
, An enzyme for treating garbage of 10% by weight of amylase, 20% by weight of cellulase, 20% by weight of lipase, 49.5% by weight of potassium phosphate buffer having an acidity of 7.0 to 9.0, and 0.5% by weight of xanthan gum Composition.
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