JP4516556B2 - Biological waste treatment equipment - Google Patents

Biological waste treatment equipment Download PDF

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JP4516556B2
JP4516556B2 JP2006310012A JP2006310012A JP4516556B2 JP 4516556 B2 JP4516556 B2 JP 4516556B2 JP 2006310012 A JP2006310012 A JP 2006310012A JP 2006310012 A JP2006310012 A JP 2006310012A JP 4516556 B2 JP4516556 B2 JP 4516556B2
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biological waste
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JP2008127213A (en
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順三郎 芹澤
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有限会社 芹澤微生物研究所
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/78Recycling of wood or furniture waste

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  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)

Description

本発明は、主に廃鶏等の生物系廃棄物を高温耐性菌により高温発酵処理して肥料化(堆肥化)する生物系廃棄物の処理装置に関するものである。   The present invention mainly relates to a biological waste processing apparatus for fermenting (composting) biological waste such as waste chicken by high-temperature fermentation using high-temperature resistant bacteria.

手軽に調理できて栄養価も高い卵は、日常の食卓には欠かせない食材となっているが、特に、養鶏技術等の進歩により最近では卵を安価に入手できるため、卵の消費量は非常に高い。また、鶏肉を常食する食文化を持つ地域だけでなく、牛肉等から鶏肉を好む健康志向の消費者も世界的に増加し、鶏肉の消費量も増加している。養鶏施設では多量の鶏を飼育しているが、それに伴い廃鶏(死鶏)の発生数、その処理数も多い。養鶏施設では、廃鶏の発生は不可避であり、その処理方法は大きな問題となっている。従来の廃鶏処理方法としては、地中に埋めて廃棄する、産業廃棄物処理業者に依頼する、或いは、特許文献1に記載されるように、そのまま鶏糞に混入させて堆肥化する等の方法が実施されてきた。しかし、地中に埋めて廃棄する場合には、まず、その廃棄場所として膨大な敷地面積が必要であり、限られた敷地面積では廃鶏の廃棄量に限界がある。次に、廃鶏を地中に埋めれば土壌汚染や地下水汚染等の問題を生ずるおそれがある。更に、産業廃棄物処理業者に依頼するのは、廃鶏を引き取ってもらうまでに時間がかかり、引き取ってもらうまで廃鶏を収容する場所も要する。手間もコストもかかる。また、廃鶏を鶏糞に混入させて堆肥化すると、前記鶏糞の成分にばらつきがあるため、得られた堆肥の成分にもばらつきが生じる。更に、いずれの方法も、環境衛生上の問題、即ち廃鶏の死因が病原性微生物である等の場合において、病原性微生物が拡散して感染地域が拡大してしまう可能性を否定できない。
特開2002−210437号公報
Eggs that can be cooked easily and have high nutritional value are indispensable ingredients for everyday dining, but especially due to advances in chicken farming technology, etc. Very expensive. In addition, not only in regions with food cultures that regularly eat chicken, but also health-conscious consumers who prefer chicken from beef, etc., are increasing worldwide, and chicken consumption is also increasing. A large number of chickens are bred at the poultry farming facility, but the number of waste chickens (dead chickens) generated and the number of treatments are also high. In poultry facilities, the generation of waste chickens is inevitable, and the treatment method is a big problem. As a conventional waste chicken processing method, it is buried in the ground and discarded, or it is requested to an industrial waste disposal contractor, or as described in Patent Document 1, it is mixed with chicken manure as it is and composted. Has been implemented. However, in the case of being buried in the ground and disposed of, first, a huge site area is required as a disposal site, and the amount of discarded chicken is limited in a limited site area. Next, if abandoned chicken is buried in the ground, problems such as soil contamination and groundwater contamination may occur. Furthermore, it takes time for the industrial waste disposal contractor to pick up the waste chicken, and a place to store the waste chicken until it is picked up is also required. It takes time and money. Moreover, when waste chicken is mixed with chicken manure and composted, the components of the chicken manure vary, so the components of the obtained compost also vary. Furthermore, none of the methods can deny the possibility that the pathogenic microorganisms spread and the infected area expands in the case of environmental health problems, that is, when the cause of death of the waste chicken is a pathogenic microorganism.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-210437

本発明は、簡便かつ衛生的に、廃鶏等の生物系廃棄物を高温処理して肥料化できる生物系廃棄物の処理装置を提供することを課題としている。   This invention makes it a subject to provide the processing apparatus of the biological waste which can process the biological wastes, such as a waste chicken, as a fertilizer by high-temperature processing simply and hygienically.

上記の課題を解決するための請求項1記載の発明は、回転駆動軸に数本の回転粉砕羽根が取付けられた回転粉砕羽根ユニットが処理槽内に配設され、被処理物である廃鶏類等の生物系廃棄物を回転粉砕させながら高温熱風と好気性細菌の作用によって、前記生物系廃棄物を発酵処理する生物系廃棄物の処理装置であって、前記処理槽を構成する断面半円状の底板には、刃板部が前記回転駆動軸の軸心に対して直交する数の固定粉砕刃が取付けられ、この固定粉砕刃は、前記処理槽の底板に固定される固定板部と、当該固定板部から起立した刃板部とからなって、前記固定板部における回転粉砕羽根の回転方向に沿って手前側に位置する端面は、当該端面に当接した被処理物が回転粉砕羽根の回転によって刃板部の側に移動するように、前記回転駆動軸の軸心に対して傾斜し、前記刃板部における回転粉砕羽根の回転方向に沿って手前側に位置する端面は、前記固定板部の板面に対して手前下がり傾斜しおり、更に前記回転粉砕羽根は、このものにおける粉砕刃体の刃幅寸法が、回転駆動軸側を大きく、先端側を小さくなるように形成されていることを特徴としている。 The invention of claim 1, wherein for solving the aforementioned problem, rotary grinding blade unit rotating grinding blades of several double is attached to a rotary drive shaft is disposed in the processing bath, which is an object to be treated waste A biological waste treatment apparatus for fermenting the biological waste by the action of high-temperature hot air and aerobic bacteria while rotating and crushing biological waste such as chickens, and a cross section constituting the treatment tank the semicircular bottom plate, fixed grinding blade multiple of the blade plate is orthogonal to the axis of the rotary drive shaft is mounted et al is, the fixed milling cutter is fixed to a bottom plate of the treatment tank An end surface located on the near side along the rotation direction of the rotary pulverization blade in the fixed plate portion includes a fixed plate portion and a blade plate portion standing up from the fixed plate portion. So that the object moves to the blade plate side by the rotation of the rotary crushing blade. An end surface that is inclined with respect to the axis of the rotational drive shaft and is positioned on the near side along the rotation direction of the rotary pulverization blade in the blade plate portion is inclined downward toward the plate surface of the fixed plate portion, and The rotary pulverization blade is characterized in that the blade width dimension of the pulverization blade body is formed so that the rotation drive shaft side is large and the tip side is small .

請求項1記載の発明によれば、処理槽を構成する断面半円状の底板に、多数の固定粉砕刃が取付けられ、該固定粉砕刃の刃板部が回転駆動軸の軸心に対してほぼ直交するように底板から起立しているため、回転粉砕羽根ユニットの多数本の回転粉砕羽根が回転すると、処理槽内の生物系廃棄物の混合物は断面半円状の底板に沿って連れ廻され、その途中で多数の前記固定粉砕刃に引っ掛かって粉砕されていくので、前記固定粉砕刃がない場合と比較して前記生物系廃棄物の粉砕効率が向上して、発酵処理が促進される。 According to the invention of claim 1, wherein, in cross-section semi-circular shaped bottom plate constituting the processing tank, mounted a number of fixed crushing blade, with respect to the axis of the blade plate portion of the fixed crushing blade rotary drive shaft Since the rotary crushing blade unit of the rotary crushing blade unit is rotated upright from the bottom plate so as to be almost orthogonal, the biological waste mixture in the treatment tank is rotated along the semicircular cross-sectional bottom plate. In the middle of the process, it is caught and pulverized by a large number of the fixed pulverization blades, so that the pulverization efficiency of the biological waste is improved compared to the case where the fixed pulverization blade is not provided, and the fermentation process is promoted. .

また、前記処理槽内において回転粉砕羽根の回転により連れ廻される被処理物の生物系廃棄物が、底板に固定された多数の固定粉砕刃に当接すると、固定粉砕刃を構成する固定板部の手前側の端面が上記のように傾斜しているため、連れ廻り回転されている被処理物は、固定粉砕刃の刃板部の側に移動させられて、粉砕頻度が増す。従って、被処理物の粉砕効率が向上する。 In addition, when the biological waste of the object to be treated that is rotated by the rotation of the rotary crushing blade in the treatment tank comes into contact with a large number of fixed crushing blades fixed to the bottom plate, the fixed plate portion constituting the fixed crushing blade Since the end surface on the front side of the is inclined as described above, the object to be rotated is moved to the blade plate portion side of the fixed crushing blade, and the crushing frequency is increased. Therefore, the grinding efficiency of the workpiece is improved.

更にまた、固定粉砕刃を構成する固定板部の手前側の端面が上記のように傾斜し、かつ刃板部の手前側の端面が上記のように前傾しているために、前記固定板部の端面が回転駆動軸の軸心に平行で、前記刃板部の端面が前記固定板部の板面に対して垂直である場合と比較して、被処理物が固定粉砕刃に衝突する際の衝突力が緩和されて、衝突力によって処理槽の底板に固定されている固定粉砕刃が外れなくなる。 Furthermore, since the front end surface of the fixed plate portion constituting the fixed pulverizing blade is inclined as described above, and the front end surface of the blade plate portion is inclined forward as described above, the fixed plate Compared with the case where the end face of the part is parallel to the axis of the rotary drive shaft and the end face of the blade plate part is perpendicular to the plate surface of the fixed plate part, the workpiece collides with the fixed grinding blade The collision force at the time is relaxed, and the fixed crushing blade fixed to the bottom plate of the processing tank is not detached by the collision force.

請求項2記載の発明は、請求項1に記載の発明において、前記処理槽の底板に固定された多数の固定粉砕刃は、展開状態において千鳥状に配置されていることを特徴としている。 According to a second aspect of the invention according to claim 1, number of fixed pulverizing blade which is fixed to the bottom plate of the treatment tank is characterized in that it is arranged in a zigzag pattern in the deployed state.

請求項2記載の発明によれば、回転粉砕羽根ユニットの回転時において、多数の固定粉砕刃に対して被処理物が分散して衝突するために、各回転粉砕羽根の回転抵抗が均一となって、被処理物をスムーズに粉砕できる。 According to the second aspect of the present invention, during rotation of the rotary grinding blade unit, because the object to be treated for a number of the fixed crushing blade collides dispersed, rotational resistance of the rotary grinding blade was homogeneous Thus, the workpiece can be pulverized smoothly.

請求項3記載の発明は、請求項1又は2に記載の発明において、前記回転粉砕羽根は、先端部に処理槽の底板面との間で粉砕された被処理物を磨り潰すための断面略円形の磨潰し具が設けられていることを特徴としている。 According to a third aspect of the invention according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the rotary grinding blade, the object to be processed to grind cross section for milled between the bottom plate surface of the processing tank to the distal portion It is characterized by a circular grinder.

請求項3記載の発明によれば、回転粉砕羽根と処理槽の底板に設けられた固定粉砕刃とで粉砕された被処理物は、更に、回転粉砕羽根の回転によって、当該回転粉砕羽根の先端の断面略円形の磨潰し具と、処理槽の底板面との間で磨り潰されることにより、骨類が粉砕されてより小さく粉砕される。この結果、ユニットの回転時において、多数の固定粉砕刃に対して被処理物が更に分散して衝突するために、回転粉砕羽根ユニットの回転抵抗が均一となって、被処理物をよりスムーズに粉砕できる。 According to the invention described in claim 3, the object to be processed pulverized by the rotary pulverization blade and the fixed pulverization blade provided on the bottom plate of the processing tank is further rotated by the rotation of the rotary pulverization blade. By grinding between the grinding tool having a substantially circular cross section and the bottom plate surface of the treatment tank, the bones are crushed and crushed to a smaller size. As a result, when the unit is rotated, the object to be processed further disperses and collides with a large number of fixed pulverizing blades, so that the rotational resistance of the rotary pulverization blade unit becomes uniform and the object to be processed becomes smoother. Can be crushed.

請求項4記載の発明は、請求項1、2又はに記載の発明において、前記生物系廃棄物を発酵処理するにあたっては、前記処理槽内に前記生物系廃棄物を投入し、好気性細菌及び水分調整材を添加、混合した後、高温熱風を吹き込んで処理槽内温度を90℃から120℃に維持した状態で、前記生物系廃棄物、好気性細菌、及び水分調整材の混合物を前記固定粉砕刃と回転粉砕刃との作用により、回転粉砕、攪拌しながら発酵処理を行い、前記生物系廃棄物を肥料化することを特徴としている。 Invention of claim 4, in the invention described in claim 1, 2 or 3, when fermentation process the biological waste is the biological waste is charged into the processing bath, aerobic bacteria and adding moisture adjusting material, after mixing, while maintaining the processing bath temperature by blowing hot hot air to 120 ° C. from 90 ° C., the biological waste, the aerobic bacteria, and a mixture of moisture control material By the action of a fixed pulverizing blade and a rotating pulverizing blade, fermentation treatment is performed while rotating and agitating to fertilize the biological waste.

請求項4の発明によれば、被処理物には水分調整材が混合されているので、処理槽内を90℃から120℃という高温状態においても処理槽内の水分を急激に蒸発させて前記被処理物を乾燥させ過ぎてしまうことなく、好気性細菌が十分に発酵可能な程度の水分を前記処理槽内にとどめておき、発酵速度に併せて徐々に乾燥させていくことが可能である。また、外気から取り込んだ空気をヒータや熱風発生装置等により高温熱風にして処理槽内に導入するため、前記好気性細菌が十分に発酵可能な程度の空気を処理槽内に確保することができる。更に、前記処理槽内温度が上記のような高温状態にあるので、生物系廃棄物を腐敗させて悪臭の原因となる病原性微生物や雑菌等は死滅するために、前記生物系廃棄物の処理工程において悪臭の発生が抑制される。   According to invention of Claim 4, since the moisture adjusting material is mixed with the to-be-processed object, the water in a processing tank is rapidly evaporated also in the high temperature state of 90 to 120 degreeC in the processing tank, and the said Without excessively drying the object to be treated, it is possible to keep water in a degree sufficient for aerobic bacteria to be fermented in the treatment tank and gradually dry it in accordance with the fermentation rate. . Moreover, since the air taken in from the outside air is introduced into the treatment tank as high-temperature hot air by a heater, a hot-air generator or the like, the air can be secured in the treatment tank so that the aerobic bacteria can be sufficiently fermented. . Furthermore, since the temperature in the treatment tank is in a high temperature state as described above, the biological waste is treated in order to kill pathogenic microorganisms and germs that cause the bad smell and cause malodor. Odor generation is suppressed in the process.

請求項5記載の発明は、請求項に記載の発明において、前記好気性細菌は、アクチノマイセス属の放線菌を主体とする高温耐性菌であることを特徴としている。 According to a fifth aspect, in the invention described in claim 4, wherein the aerobic bacterium is characterized in that a high temperature resistant bacteria mainly of actinomycetes actinomycetes.

請求項5記載の発明によれば、前記好気性細菌として、アクチノマイセス属の放線菌を主体とする高温耐性菌類を用いることによって、90℃から120℃という処理槽内の高温条件下でも前記高温耐性菌は活性を示すので、前記生物系廃棄物を十分に発酵処理することができる。 According to the invention described in claim 5, by using a high temperature resistant fungus mainly composed of actinomyces actinomycetes as the aerobic bacterium, the high temperature condition in the treatment tank of 90 ° C to 120 ° C is also used. Since thermotolerant bacteria show activity, the biological waste can be sufficiently fermented.

請求項6記載の発明は、請求項又はに記載の発明において、前記水分調整材は、長さ3mmから15mm、幅1mmから3mm、厚さ2mmから5mmの大きさの木片チップであって、温度140℃から250℃、圧力4.9×105 Paから9.8×105 Paの水蒸気条件下で30分から120分処理して得られた半炭化状態の前記好気性細菌用担体であることを特徴としている。 Invention according to claim 6, in the invention described in claim 4 or 5, wherein the moisture control material, 15 mm from the length 3 mm, 3 mm in width 1 mm, a wood chip size of 5mm thick 2mm The semi-carbonized carrier for aerobic bacteria obtained by treating for 30 minutes to 120 minutes under steam conditions of a temperature of 140 ° C. to 250 ° C. and a pressure of 4.9 × 10 5 Pa to 9.8 × 10 5 Pa. It is characterized by being.

請求項6記載の発明によれば、木材を細片化した木片チップを使用することにより、被処理物中に空隙が生じるため、前記被処理物中の通気性を良好にすることができる。また前記木片チップに水蒸気で高温高圧処理を施すことにより、前記好気性細菌の増殖を阻害する前記木材に含有する精油等が揮発し、前記木片チップに付着している腐朽菌等の雑菌は殺菌される。また、前記木片チップが半炭化状態になることにより、木片の多孔性や耐摩耗性、臭気成分の吸着性が上昇する。このため、半炭化状の前記木片チップを生物系廃棄物に混合することによって、前記生物系廃棄物に不要な雑菌を与えることなく、被処理物中の水分量を適度に調節し、前記生物系廃棄物の発酵過程で発生するアンモニア等の臭気成分の分子を吸着できる。 According to the invention described in claim 6, since the voids are generated in the object to be processed by using the wood chip obtained by chopping the wood, the air permeability in the object to be processed can be improved. In addition, by subjecting the wood chip to high temperature and high pressure treatment with water vapor, the essential oil contained in the wood that inhibits the growth of the aerobic bacteria is volatilized, and germs such as rot fungi adhering to the wood chip are sterilized. Is done. Moreover, when the wood chip chip is in a semi-carbonized state, the porosity and wear resistance of the wood chip and the adsorptivity of odor components are increased. For this reason, by mixing the semi-carbonized wood chip with biological waste, the amount of water in the object to be treated is appropriately adjusted without giving unnecessary germs to the biological waste, It can adsorb molecules of odorous components such as ammonia generated in the fermentation process of wastes.

本発明によれば、処理槽内を90℃から120℃という高温状態においても、好気性細菌が十分に発酵可能な程度の水分を前記処理槽内にとどめておき、発酵速度に併せて徐々に乾燥させていくことが可能である。また、外気から取り込んだ空気を高温熱風にして処理槽内に導入するため、前記好気性細菌が十分に発酵可能な程度の空気を処理槽内に確保することができる。更に、生物系廃棄物を腐敗させて悪臭の原因となる病原性微生物や雑菌等は死滅するために、前記生物系廃棄物の処理工程において悪臭の発生が抑制される。   According to the present invention, even in a high temperature state of 90 ° C. to 120 ° C. in the treatment tank, the water in such a degree that the aerobic bacteria can be sufficiently fermented is kept in the treatment tank. It is possible to dry. Moreover, since the air taken in from the outside air is introduced into the treatment tank as high-temperature hot air, it is possible to secure in the treatment tank enough air for the aerobic bacteria to be fermented. Furthermore, since pathogenic microorganisms and germs that cause the malodor to decay by causing the bio waste to die, the generation of malodor is suppressed in the treatment process of the bio waste.

以下、最良の実施形態を挙げて本発明について更に詳細に説明する。なお、以下、本発明である生物系廃棄物の処理装置を単に「処理装置」ということもある。最初に、図1ないし図9を参照して、処理装置について説明する。図1は、処理装置Aの全体斜視図であり、図2は、処理装置Aの正面断面図であり、図3は、図2のX−X線断面図であり、図4は、側板3を取り外した状態の右側面図であり、図5は処理槽Bの底板5に固着された多数の固定粉砕刃7の配置を示す展開図であり、図6は、前記底板5に固着された固定粉砕刃7の斜視図であり、図7(イ),(ロ)は、それぞれ固定粉砕刃7の正面図及び右側面図であり、図8は、断面L字形のアングル材51の直交部を真上にした状態で、長手方向に対して45°傾斜した角度θ0 で切断する状態を示す平面図であり、図9は、回転粉砕羽根23の斜視図である。図1ないし図4において、処理装置Aは、複数本のアングル材で構成された枠体1を直方体枠状に組んで、底面を除く残りの5面は天板2及び側板3で覆われた構成であり、枠体1の底部の四隅には移動可能なようにキャスター15が取付けられている。また、処理装置Aは、長手方向(正面視において左右方向)に沿って処理槽Bと機器収納室Cとに二分されている。前記処理槽Bは、両側板4a,4bが枠体1を構成するアングル材1aに溶接された状態で枠体1に取付けられて、前記処理槽Bには回転粉砕羽根ユニットUが回転可能に支持された構成となっている。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the best mode. Hereinafter, the biological waste processing apparatus according to the present invention may be simply referred to as “processing apparatus”. First, the processing apparatus will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 is an overall perspective view of the processing apparatus A, FIG. 2 is a front sectional view of the processing apparatus A, FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line XX of FIG. 2, and FIG. FIG. 5 is a developed view showing the arrangement of a number of fixed crushing blades 7 fixed to the bottom plate 5 of the processing tank B, and FIG. 6 is fixed to the bottom plate 5. FIGS. 7A and 7B are a front view and a right side view of the fixed crushing blade 7, respectively, and FIG. 8 is an orthogonal portion of the angle member 51 having an L-shaped cross section. 9 is a plan view showing a state of cutting at an angle θ 0 inclined by 45 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction, with FIG. 9 being directly above, and FIG. In FIG. 1 to FIG. 4, the processing apparatus A assembles a frame 1 composed of a plurality of angle members into a rectangular parallelepiped frame shape, and the remaining five surfaces except the bottom surface are covered with the top plate 2 and the side plate 3. The caster 15 is attached to the four corners of the bottom of the frame 1 so as to be movable. Moreover, the processing apparatus A is divided into the processing tank B and the apparatus storage chamber C along the longitudinal direction (left-right direction in the front view). The processing tank B is attached to the frame body 1 with both side plates 4a and 4b welded to the angle member 1a constituting the frame body 1, and the rotary crushing blade unit U is rotatable in the processing tank B. It has a supported configuration.

図2ないし図4、及び図9を用いて回転粉砕羽根ユニットUについて説明する。回転粉砕羽根ユニットUの回転駆動軸21は、処理槽Bの側板4a,4bを貫通して両側端の軸受22a,22bにより水平に支持されている。前記各軸受22a,22bは、枠体1を構成するアングル材1bによって支持されている。前記回転駆動軸21の一端部は、機器収納室Cに入り込んでいて、当該機器収納室Cに設置された軸受22cにも支持されている。前記軸受22cは、枠体1を構成するアングル材1cの短手方向(正面視において前後方向)に沿った中央部に固定されていて、アングル材1cの前記中央部は直立するアングル材1dによって下から補強されている。回転駆動軸21には、軸方向に沿って一定間隔をおき、しかも回転方向に沿って90°ずつ位相をずらして多数本の回転粉砕羽根23が取付筒25を介して取付けられている。図9に示すように、回転粉砕羽根23の構成は、粉砕刃体23bが取付板部23aの回転方向Pに沿った前側に固着され、前記取付板部23aの後側にはバランス板部23cが固着されている。
更に粉砕刃体23bの形状は、刃幅寸法h 1 を大きく、先端側の刃幅寸法h 2 を小さくなるよう形成されたものであり、更に回転駆動軸21寄りの部位では、最大の刃幅寸法hから滑らかに円弧状に回転駆動軸21側に集束するような形状をとる。
前記回転粉砕羽根23のうち、処理槽Bの軸方向の両端に取付けられた各回転粉砕羽根23の先端部には、処理槽Bを構成する両側板4a,4bの内側面の付着物を除去可能にするためのスクレーパ板26が取付けられている。また、軸方向の両端以外の位置に取付けられた各回転粉砕羽根23の先端部には、被処理物S中に含まれる骨類を処理槽Bの底板5との間で磨り潰して細かく砕いていくための断面略円形状の磨潰し具24が固着されている。
The rotary crushing blade unit U will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4 and FIG. The rotary drive shaft 21 of the rotary crushing blade unit U passes through the side plates 4a and 4b of the processing tank B and is horizontally supported by bearings 22a and 22b on both side ends. Each of the bearings 22 a and 22 b is supported by an angle member 1 b constituting the frame body 1. One end of the rotary drive shaft 21 enters the device storage chamber C and is also supported by a bearing 22c installed in the device storage chamber C. The bearing 22c is fixed to a central portion along the short direction (front-rear direction in the front view) of the angle member 1c constituting the frame 1, and the central portion of the angle member 1c is supported by an upright angle member 1d. It is reinforced from below. A large number of rotary crushing blades 23 are attached to the rotary drive shaft 21 via attachment cylinders 25 at regular intervals along the axial direction and with a phase shift of 90 ° along the rotational direction. As shown in FIG. 9, the rotary pulverizing blade 23 is configured such that the pulverizing blade body 23b is fixed to the front side along the rotation direction P of the mounting plate portion 23a, and the balance plate portion 23c is disposed behind the mounting plate portion 23a. Is fixed.
Furthermore the shape of the pulverizing blade body 23b is greater blade width h 1, it has been formed to be smaller blade width h 2 of the tip side, yet the site of the rotary drive shaft 21 closer, the maximum blade width From the dimension h, it is shaped so as to converge smoothly on the rotary drive shaft 21 side in an arc shape.
Among the rotary pulverization blades 23, deposits on the inner side surfaces of the side plates 4 a and 4 b constituting the treatment tank B are removed at the tip portions of the rotary pulverization blades 23 attached to both ends in the axial direction of the treatment tank B. A scraper plate 26 is attached to enable it. Further, the bones contained in the workpiece S are ground between the bottom plate 5 of the processing tank B and finely crushed at the tip of each rotary crushing blade 23 attached at a position other than both ends in the axial direction. A polishing tool 24 having a substantially circular cross section for fixing is fixed.

次に、図3、図5ないし図8を用いて処理槽B及び、当該処理槽Bの内周面に取付けられた固定粉砕刃7について説明する。図3に示すように、前記処理槽Bの下半部は断面半円状をした底板5から構成されていて、前記底板5の外周面には、断面円弧状にシート型のヒータ8が貼り付けられている。最底部5aを除く底板5の内周面には、回転駆動軸21の軸方向に沿って各回転粉砕羽根23と干渉しない位置に多数の固定粉砕刃7が、回転駆動軸21の軸方向、及び回転方向の双方に沿って所定間隔をおいて溶接により一体に取付けられている。また、前記底板5の内周面を回転粉砕羽根23の回転方向Pに沿って展開した状態において、前記固定粉砕刃7は全て同一の向きで千鳥状に配置されているが、両端側、即ち底板5の最底部5aから最も離れた位置に配置された固定粉砕刃7のピッチは半分になって、密に配置されている。ここで、図5を用いて前記固定粉砕刃7の形状について説明する。図8に示すように、前記固定粉砕刃7は、断面L字形のアングル材51の直交部を真上にした状態で、長手方向に対して45°傾斜した角度θ0 で所定幅に切断されたものであり、図5ないし図7に示すように、前記固定粉砕刃7は、固定板部7aに対して刃板部7bがほぼ直交した変則L字形をしている。このため、前記刃板部7bの回転方向Pに沿った手前側に位置する端面7b1 は、前記固定板部7aの板面7a2 に対して角度θで下がりに傾斜している。また、前記固定粉砕刃7は、刃板部7bの板面7b2 が回転駆動軸21の軸方向に対して直交するように前記底板5に固定されていて、固定粉砕刃7の固定板部7aにおいて、回転粉砕羽根23の回転方向Pに沿って手前側に位置する端面7a1 は、当該端面に当接した被処理物Sが回転粉砕羽根23の回転によって刃板部7bの側に移動させられて、前記刃板部7bの回転方向Pに沿って手前側に位置する端面7b1 と回転粉砕羽根23の粉砕刃体23bとの間で被処理物Sが効率的に粉砕可能となるように、前記回転駆動軸21の軸心に対して傾斜している。なお、図6において、前記固定粉砕刃7の形状との比較のために、前記アングル材51の直交部を真上にした状態で短手方向に沿って所定幅に切断されて作られた単純L字形の部材を二点鎖線で示してある。また、処理槽Bの長手方向に沿った中央部において、底板5の最底部5aよりも僅かに高い位置で、しかも相隣接する固定粉砕刃7の間の部分には、被処理物Sの処理中における処理槽B内の温度を検出する温度センサ9の検出部が内部に僅かに臨んだ形態で取付けられている。 Next, the processing tank B and the fixed crushing blade 7 attached to the inner peripheral surface of the processing tank B will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 5 to 8. As shown in FIG. 3, the lower half of the processing tank B is composed of a bottom plate 5 having a semicircular cross section, and a sheet-type heater 8 is attached to the outer peripheral surface of the bottom plate 5 in a circular arc shape. It is attached. On the inner peripheral surface of the bottom plate 5 excluding the bottom 5a, a large number of fixed pulverizing blades 7 are arranged along the axial direction of the rotary drive shaft 21 at positions where they do not interfere with the rotary pulverization blades 23. And are integrally attached by welding at predetermined intervals along both directions. Further, in a state where the inner peripheral surface of the bottom plate 5 is developed along the rotation direction P of the rotary crushing blade 23, the fixed crushing blades 7 are all arranged in a staggered manner in the same direction. The pitch of the fixed crushing blades 7 arranged at the position farthest from the bottom 5a of the bottom plate 5 is halved and densely arranged. Here, the shape of the fixed crushing blade 7 will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 8, the fixed crushing blade 7 is cut to a predetermined width at an angle θ 0 inclined by 45 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction in a state where the orthogonal portion of the angle member 51 having an L-shaped cross section is directly above. As shown in FIGS. 5 to 7, the fixed crushing blade 7 has an irregular L shape in which the blade plate portion 7b is substantially orthogonal to the fixed plate portion 7a. Therefore, the end surface 7b 1 located on the front side along the rotation direction P of the blade plate portion 7b is in inclined obliquely forwardly downwardly hand at an angle θ with respect to the plate surface 7a 2 of the fixing plate portion 7a . The fixed crushing blade 7 is fixed to the bottom plate 5 so that the plate surface 7b 2 of the blade plate portion 7b is orthogonal to the axial direction of the rotary drive shaft 21, and the fixed plate portion of the fixed crushing blade 7 is fixed. 7 a, the end surface 7 a 1 positioned on the near side along the rotation direction P of the rotary pulverization blade 23 moves the workpiece S in contact with the end surface to the blade plate portion 7 b side by the rotation of the rotary pulverization blade 23. Thus, the workpiece S can be efficiently pulverized between the end surface 7b 1 located on the near side along the rotation direction P of the blade plate portion 7b and the pulverization blade body 23b of the rotary pulverization blade 23. Thus, it is inclined with respect to the axis of the rotational drive shaft 21. In FIG. 6, for comparison with the shape of the fixed crushing blade 7, a simple cut made to a predetermined width along the short direction with the orthogonal part of the angle member 51 being directly above. An L-shaped member is indicated by a two-dot chain line. Moreover, in the center part along the longitudinal direction of the processing tank B, it is a position slightly higher than the bottom-most part 5a of the baseplate 5, and also in the part between the adjacent fixed crushing blades 7, the process of the to-be-processed object S is carried out. The detection part of the temperature sensor 9 which detects the temperature in the processing tank B in the inside is attached with the form which faced inside slightly.

次に、図2及び図4を用いて機器収納室C及び当該機器収納室Cに配置された機器について説明する。機器収納室Cには、前記回転粉砕羽根ユニットUの回転駆動軸21を駆動させる駆動モータ31、処理槽B内に高温熱風を送るためのブロワ32、処理槽B内の温度によりブロワ32の断続運転の制御等を行う制御盤33が収納されている。駆動モータ31の駆動軸31aに取付けられた鎖歯車34と、前記回転駆動軸21の一端部に取付けられた鎖歯車35とが無端鎖36で連結されている。また、ブロワ32の送気管32aは、処理槽Bの側板4bを貫通して熱風流入孔6から処理槽B内に入り込んでいると共に、ブロワ32の吸気管32bは、熱風発生装置Hに連結されて、当該熱風発生装置Hで発生した高温熱風Wを吸引して、処理槽B内に送り込んでいる。   Next, the device storage chamber C and the devices arranged in the device storage chamber C will be described with reference to FIGS. In the equipment storage chamber C, a drive motor 31 that drives the rotary drive shaft 21 of the rotary crushing blade unit U, a blower 32 for sending high-temperature hot air into the processing bath B, and the intermittent blower 32 depending on the temperature in the processing bath B A control panel 33 for controlling operation and the like is housed. A chain gear 34 attached to the drive shaft 31 a of the drive motor 31 and a chain gear 35 attached to one end of the rotary drive shaft 21 are connected by an endless chain 36. Further, the air supply pipe 32a of the blower 32 penetrates the side plate 4b of the processing tank B and enters the processing tank B from the hot air inflow hole 6, and the intake pipe 32b of the blower 32 is connected to the hot air generating device H. The hot hot air W generated by the hot air generator H is sucked and sent into the processing tank B.

また、図1に示すように、処理装置Aの天板2において、蓋板11により閉塞可能な被処理物Sの投入口12が正面手前側に形成され、処理槽Bの側板4bに形成された熱風流入孔6から最も離れた部分には、処理槽B内で被処理物Sの生物系廃棄物41から発生した水蒸気や気体成分を含んだ気流を排気するための排気筒13が設けられている。また、処理装置Aの側面において、機器収納室C側の側面を覆う側板3は、取外し可能な点検扉3aとなっており、点検扉3aの反対側、即ち処理槽B側の側面を覆う側板3bには、粉砕及び発酵処理を終えて肥料化された被処理物S’(以下、「処理済被処理物」という。)の取出口14が設けられている。なお、図中の符号11aは蓋板11を開閉するための取っ手であり、符号14aは、前記取出口14の周囲を覆う取出口カバーである。また、処理装置Aには、運転時間が経過した時点で自動的に運転を終了するためのタイマー、及び処理装置Aの運転中に蓋板11が開いた場合に運転を停止する安全装置が内蔵されている(共に図示せず)。   Further, as shown in FIG. 1, in the top plate 2 of the processing apparatus A, an input port 12 for the processing object S that can be closed by the cover plate 11 is formed on the front front side, and is formed on the side plate 4 b of the processing tank B. An exhaust cylinder 13 for exhausting an air stream containing water vapor and gas components generated from the biological waste 41 of the object to be processed S in the processing tank B is provided in a portion farthest from the hot air inflow hole 6. ing. Further, on the side surface of the processing apparatus A, the side plate 3 that covers the side surface on the equipment storage chamber C side is a removable inspection door 3a, and the side plate that covers the opposite side of the inspection door 3a, that is, the side surface on the processing tank B side. 3b is provided with an outlet 14 for an object to be processed S ′ (hereinafter referred to as “processed object to be processed”) that has been crushed and fermented to be fertilized. In addition, the code | symbol 11a in a figure is a handle for opening and closing the cover board 11, and the code | symbol 14a is an outlet cover which covers the circumference | surroundings of the said outlet 14. FIG. Further, the processing apparatus A has a built-in timer for automatically terminating the operation when the operation time has elapsed, and a safety device for stopping the operation when the cover plate 11 is opened during the operation of the processing apparatus A. (Both not shown).

次に、被処理物Sである生物系廃棄物41の発酵処理について説明する。処理装置Aの処理槽Bには、廃鶏類の生物系廃棄物41、水分調整材としての半炭化状の木片チップ42、及び好気性細菌であるアクチノマイセス属の放線菌類を主体とした高温耐性菌43を投入し、これらの混合物を被処理物Sとして、前記高温耐性菌43により被処理物Sを発酵処理して肥料(堆肥)化する。ここでの発酵とは好気的発酵を指し、生物系廃棄物41等を構成する有機物を好気的に好気性細菌の代謝によって分解、低分子化することをいう。肥料化(堆肥化)とは、前記有機物を完全分解するのではなく、易分解性有機物は分解して低分子化し、難分解性有機物は残存した「中間分解物」の状態で留めておくことをいい、肥料化された処理済被処理物S’は、低分子化された無機物(肥料成分)と残存している有機物とがバランスよく土壌に供給されるので良質な有機質資材となる。前記好気性細菌である高温耐性菌43が十分に活性化し、前記被処理物Sを発酵させるには、前記高温耐性菌43の栄養源、即ち、エネルギー源として分解すべき有機物の存在、適度な温度、水分量、酸素(空気)量が必要であり、前記処理槽B内の環境を上記条件が揃うように整えなければならない。以下、各条件について説明する。   Next, the fermentation process of the biological waste 41 that is the workpiece S will be described. The treatment tank B of the treatment apparatus A is mainly composed of biological waste 41 of waste chickens, semi-carbonized wood chips 42 as a moisture adjusting material, and actinomyces actinomycetes that are aerobic bacteria. The high temperature resistant bacteria 43 are introduced, and these mixtures are treated as S to be processed, and the high temperature resistant bacteria 43 is fermented to fertilize (compost). Fermentation here refers to aerobic fermentation, which means that organic substances constituting biological waste 41 and the like are aerobically decomposed and reduced in molecular weight by metabolism of aerobic bacteria. Fertilizer (composting) does not completely decompose the organic matter, but decomposes easily decomposable organic matter to reduce its molecular weight, and keeps persistent organic matter in the state of remaining “intermediate decomposition product”. The processed material S ′ that has been fertilized is a high-quality organic material because the low molecular weight inorganic material (fertilizer component) and the remaining organic material are supplied to the soil in a well-balanced manner. In order to sufficiently activate the thermotolerant bacteria 43, which are the aerobic bacteria, and to ferment the object to be processed S, the nutrient source of the thermotolerant bacteria 43, that is, the presence of organic matter to be decomposed as an energy source, moderate Temperature, moisture content, and oxygen (air) content are required, and the environment in the treatment tank B must be arranged so that the above conditions are met. Hereinafter, each condition will be described.

まず、エネルギー源となる有機物の存在については、前記生物系廃棄物41は廃鶏類であるため、これらを構成している糖、蛋白質、炭水化物および脂質などの易分解性有機物が前記高温耐性菌の主な栄養源となっている。次に、温度条件については、好気性細菌としてアクチノマイセス属の放線菌類を主体とした前記高温耐性菌43を用いるので、処理槽B内の温度が90℃から120℃という高温に至っても発酵のための温度条件は満たされる。120℃より高温になってしまうと、高温すぎて前記高温耐性菌43が不活性化してしまう点、処理槽B内の水分が蒸発してしまい、適度の水分量を保つことができない点等で不都合であり、90℃より低温の場合には、前記高温耐性菌43は活性状態に保てるが、雑菌等の殺菌効果が低下するので雑菌による生物系廃棄物41の分解、腐敗が生じてしまい、悪臭の発生や処理済被処理物S’の肥料としての品質の低下が起こるため、適さない。なお、処理槽B内の温度設定については、処理槽B内に投入する生物系廃棄物41の体積量(重量)や、処理済被処理物S’の使用目的等に応じて90℃から120℃の温度範囲内で、処理装置Aの運転開始時に使用者が自由に設定することができる。   First, regarding the presence of organic matter as an energy source, since the biological waste 41 is waste chicken, easily degradable organic matter such as sugar, protein, carbohydrate and lipid constituting them is the high temperature resistant bacteria. Has become the main source of nutrition. Next, as for the temperature condition, since the high-temperature-resistant bacteria 43 mainly composed of Actinomyces actinomycetes are used as aerobic bacteria, fermentation is performed even when the temperature in the processing tank B reaches as high as 90 ° C to 120 ° C. The temperature requirement for is satisfied. When the temperature is higher than 120 ° C., the high temperature resistant bacteria 43 is inactivated due to a high temperature, the water in the processing tank B evaporates, and an appropriate amount of water cannot be maintained. When the temperature is lower than 90 ° C., the high temperature resistant bacteria 43 can be kept in an active state. However, since the sterilizing effect of various germs and the like is reduced, the biological waste 41 is decomposed and spoiled by the various germs. It is not suitable because of bad odor and deterioration of the quality of the processed material S ′ as fertilizer. In addition, about the temperature setting in the processing tank B, it is 90 degreeC to 120 degree | times according to the volume amount (weight) of the biological waste 41 thrown in in the processing tank B, the intended purpose of the processed to-be-processed object S ', etc. Within the temperature range of ° C., the user can freely set the processing apparatus A at the start of operation.

適度な水分量については、水分調整材として半炭化状態の木片チップ42を使用するために、処理槽B内には前記高温耐性菌43が活性可能な水分量に保たれる。即ち、処理槽B内の被処理物S中の水分量が多過ぎると、通気性が悪くなるため好気的条件を満たさず発酵不良となり、低水分でも水不足で発酵不良となってしまうので、適度な量が保たれていなければならない。本発明では、水分調整材として、杉や檜等の木材を長さ3mmから15mm、幅1mmから3mm、厚さ2mmから5mmの大きさに細片化したチップに、温度140℃から250℃、圧力4.9×105 Paから9.8×105 Paの水蒸気条件下で30分から120分処理を施して得られた半炭化状態の木片チップ42を使用する。木片チップ42を上記寸法に細片化するのは、上記寸法より大きいと、前記高温耐性菌43の担持部となる木片チップ42の表面積の総和が減少してしまうからであり、上記寸法より小さいと、前記木片チップ42が生物系廃棄物41中に混入することで生じる空隙率は減少し、被処理物S中に十分な通気性を確保できなくなり、前記高温耐性菌43が十分に好気性発酵できなくなるからである。また、半炭化状態に処理された木片チップ42において、その微視的構造は、細胞壁が気質として残り、導管又は仮導管がマクロ孔となったハニカム構造を呈しており、前記細胞壁内部にも微細孔が生成されるので、木片チップ42の多孔性が非常に高い。また、半炭化状態の木片チップ42は耐摩耗性にも優れ、前記木片チップ42を処理槽B内に投入し、前記生物系廃棄物41と共に回転粉砕、攪拌しても、即座に粉々に粉砕されるのではなく、徐々に粉砕されていくので、前記多孔性を有する木片構造が長時間維持される。従って、前記多孔性及び前記耐摩耗性により、前記木片チップ42は吸水性、保水性に優れており、処理槽B外周面のヒータ8及び熱風発生装置Hから供給された高温熱風Wによって処理槽B内が高温(90℃から120℃)になっても、木片チップ42を含んだ被処理物Sの水分量は適度に保たれ、被処理物Sが発酵処理されて肥料化されていく速度に沿うように、前記被処理物S中の水分は蒸発して減少していく結果、適度に乾燥した良質な有機肥料が生成する。以上より、木片チップ42は優れた水分調節機能を有している。 About an appropriate amount of water, since the semi-carbonized wood chip 42 is used as a moisture adjusting material, the amount of water in which the high-temperature resistant bacteria 43 can be activated is maintained in the processing tank B. That is, if the amount of water in the object to be processed S in the treatment tank B is too large, the air permeability is deteriorated, so the aerobic condition is not satisfied and the fermentation is poor. A moderate amount must be maintained. In the present invention, as a moisture adjusting material, wood such as cedar and straw is chopped into pieces having a length of 3 mm to 15 mm, a width of 1 mm to 3 mm, and a thickness of 2 mm to 5 mm. A semi-carbonized wood chip 42 obtained by performing a treatment for 30 minutes to 120 minutes under a water vapor condition of a pressure of 4.9 × 10 5 Pa to 9.8 × 10 5 Pa is used. The reason why the wood chip chip 42 is cut into the above dimensions is that if the size is larger than the above dimension, the total surface area of the wood chip chips 42 that serve as the support portions of the high temperature resistant bacteria 43 is reduced, which is smaller than the above dimensions. In addition, the porosity generated when the wood chip 42 is mixed into the biological waste 41 is reduced, and sufficient air permeability cannot be secured in the object to be treated S, and the high temperature resistant bacteria 43 is sufficiently aerobic. It is because it becomes impossible to ferment. Further, in the chip chip 42 treated in a semi-carbonized state, the microscopic structure is a honeycomb structure in which the cell wall remains as a temperament and the conduit or temporary conduit becomes a macropore, and the inside of the cell wall is also fine. Since the pores are generated, the wood chip 42 is very porous. Further, the semi-carbonized wood chip 42 is excellent in wear resistance, and even if the wood chip 42 is put into the treatment tank B and rotated and stirred together with the biological waste 41, it is immediately crushed into pieces. Instead of being pulverized, the wood chip structure having the porosity is maintained for a long time. Therefore, the wood chip 42 is excellent in water absorption and water retention due to the porosity and the wear resistance, and the processing tank is heated by the hot air W supplied from the heater 8 and the hot air generator H on the outer peripheral surface of the processing tank B. Even if the inside of B becomes high temperature (90 ° C. to 120 ° C.), the moisture content of the workpiece S including the wood chip 42 is kept moderate, and the rate at which the workpiece S is fermented and fertilized. As a result, the moisture in the workpiece S evaporates and decreases, and as a result, a reasonably dry high-quality organic fertilizer is generated. From the above, the wood chip chip 42 has an excellent moisture control function.

ここで、前記木片チップ42の水分調節機能以外の利点について説明する。まず、上記したように、前記木片チップ42を生物系廃棄物41と混合することにより、被処理物S内の通気性が増す。次に、前記木片チップ42の多孔性によって、気体分子の吸着性が高く、前記生物系廃棄物41の発酵過程で発生するアンモニアや硫化物等の臭気成分分子を吸着する。従って、前記木片チップ42を使用することにより、生物系廃棄物41の発酵の際に発生する悪臭を抑制することができる。また、前記木片チップ42は半炭化状態にあるので、前記高温耐性菌43の増殖を阻害する製油等は木材から揮発していて、前記木片チップ42に付着している腐朽菌等の雑菌も殺菌されている。このため、前記半炭化状の木片チップ42を生物系廃棄物41に添加、混合しても、前記生物系廃棄物41に不要な雑菌を与えることはないので、前記雑菌により生物系廃棄物41が分解されて悪臭を発生したり、腐敗することはほとんど無い。また、従来では鶏糞等を堆肥化する場合には、鶏糞中の通気性を高めて発酵を促進するためにオガコを加えていた。しかし、オガコの構成成分であるセルロースやリグニンが難分解性有機物であるためにかえって発酵分解が低下し、また、生成した堆肥を使用すると、土壌中で前記難分解性有機物の発酵分解が進行して土壌中の酸素が消費されてしまうため、植物の根の呼吸を阻害してしまう等の不都合があった。しかし、木片チップ42は既に半炭化状態まで処理されているため、処理槽B内での発酵処理速度が低下することはほとんど皆無であり、また、処理済被処理物S’を使用した場合、土壌中における前記難分解性有機物の発酵分解は非常に遅く、植物への悪影響も非常に小さいと考えられ、木片チップ42を使用した場合、良質な有機肥料を生成できる。   Here, advantages other than the moisture adjustment function of the wood chip chip 42 will be described. First, as described above, the air permeability in the workpiece S is increased by mixing the wood chip chip 42 with the biological waste 41. Next, due to the porosity of the chip chip 42, the gas molecule adsorbability is high, and adsorbs odor component molecules such as ammonia and sulfide generated in the fermentation process of the biological waste 41. Therefore, by using the wood chip chip 42, it is possible to suppress malodor generated during fermentation of the biological waste 41. In addition, since the wood chip chip 42 is in a semi-carbonized state, the oil production and the like that inhibit the growth of the high temperature resistant bacteria 43 are volatilized from the wood, and germs such as decaying bacteria attached to the wood chip chip 42 are sterilized. Has been. For this reason, even if the semi-carbonized wood chip 42 is added to and mixed with the biological waste 41, unnecessary germs are not given to the biological waste 41. Is not decomposed to produce a foul odor or rot. Conventionally, when composting chicken manure, etc., sawdust has been added in order to increase the air permeability in the chicken manure and promote fermentation. However, since the components of sawdust, such as cellulose and lignin, are hardly decomposable organic matter, the fermentation degradation is reduced, and when the produced compost is used, the fermentation decomposition of the hardly decomposable organic matter proceeds in the soil. As a result, oxygen in the soil is consumed, which causes inconveniences such as obstructing plant root respiration. However, since the wood chip 42 has already been processed to a semi-carbonized state, there is almost no decrease in the fermentation processing speed in the processing tank B, and when the processed workpiece S ′ is used, Fermentative degradation of the hardly decomposable organic matter in the soil is very slow and the adverse effect on the plant is considered to be very small. When the wood chip 42 is used, a high-quality organic fertilizer can be generated.

次に、前記高温耐性菌43が前記生物系廃棄物41を十分に発酵するために必要な酸素(空気)量について説明する。まず、上記したように細片化した木片チップ42を使用することにより、前記被処理物S中の空隙率が上昇し、通気性が増すので前記高温耐性菌43に酸素が供給される。次に、回転粉砕羽根ユニットUにより、処理装置Aの運転中には、処理槽B内を回転粉砕羽根23が回転し、被処理物Sを攪拌するので、前記生物系廃棄物41は、処理槽Bの内周面に固定された固定粉砕刃7に衝突し、前記被処理物Sは細部にわたって空気と十分に接触する。これにより、前記被処理物S中に存在する高温耐性菌43には酸素が十分に供給されるため、前記高温耐性菌43は好気性発酵を行い、前記被処理物S中の生物系廃棄物41を分解していく。また、処理槽B内には、熱風発生装置Hで作られた高温熱風Wが熱風流入孔6から導入されるため、前記高温耐性菌43が好気性発酵を行って処理槽B内の酸素を消費しても、外気が取り込まれて高温化した高温熱風Wには十分な酸素量が含まれているため、処理槽B内には適度な酸素量が供給されることとなって、前記高温耐性菌43が嫌気性条件下に晒されることはない。従って、酸素不足により前記生物系廃棄物41の分解が途中で止まってしまうことはなく、又不十分に分解されて悪臭が発生することもない。   Next, the amount of oxygen (air) necessary for the high temperature resistant bacteria 43 to sufficiently ferment the biological waste 41 will be described. First, by using the wood chip 42 that has been cut into pieces as described above, the porosity in the object to be processed S is increased and the air permeability is increased, so that oxygen is supplied to the high temperature resistant bacteria 43. Next, during the operation of the processing apparatus A by the rotary pulverization blade unit U, the rotary pulverization blade 23 rotates in the processing tank B and stirs the workpiece S, so that the biological waste 41 is treated. The workpiece S collides with the fixed crushing blade 7 fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the tank B, and the object to be processed S fully contacts the air over the details. Thereby, since oxygen is sufficiently supplied to the high temperature resistant bacteria 43 present in the object to be treated S, the high temperature resistant bacteria 43 performs aerobic fermentation, and the biological waste in the object to be processed S 41 is disassembled. Moreover, since the high temperature hot air W produced by the hot air generator H is introduced into the processing tank B from the hot air inflow hole 6, the high temperature resistant bacteria 43 performs aerobic fermentation and oxygen in the processing tank B is obtained. Even when consumed, the high-temperature hot air W heated to a high temperature by taking in the outside air contains a sufficient amount of oxygen, so that an appropriate amount of oxygen is supplied into the treatment tank B, and the high temperature Resistant bacteria 43 are not exposed to anaerobic conditions. Therefore, the decomposition of the biological waste 41 does not stop in the middle due to lack of oxygen, and it does not generate an odor due to insufficient decomposition.

以上より、処理槽B内には、高温耐性菌43が生物系廃棄物41を発酵処理できるための上記各条件が満たされるため、処理装置Aの運転を開始すると、処理槽B内では前記高温耐性菌43が前記生物系廃棄物41を十分に発酵し、水分が適度に抜けていく結果、適度に乾燥した処理済被処理物S’が生成する。処理済被処理物S’は、植物の発育に不可欠な窒素、リン、カリウム等の肥効成分を多く含有した良質な有機肥料である。また、発酵鶏糞に比べて、処理済被処理物S’は、生物系廃棄物41である廃鶏の骨類が含まれているためにカルシウムが多く、廃鶏の羽が含まれているために窒素も多く含まれたものとなっている。   As mentioned above, since each said condition for the high temperature resistant microbe 43 to ferment the biological waste 41 is satisfy | filled in the processing tank B, when the driving | operation of the processing apparatus A is started, in the processing tank B, the said high temperature As a result of the resistant bacteria 43 sufficiently fermenting the biological waste 41 and the moisture being removed moderately, a moderately dried treated workpiece S ′ is generated. The treated workpiece S 'is a high-quality organic fertilizer that contains a large amount of fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium essential for plant growth. In addition, compared to fermented chicken manure, the processed workpiece S ′ contains a lot of calcium because it contains the bones of the waste chicken that is the biological waste 41 and contains the feathers of the waste chicken. It contains a lot of nitrogen.

次に、処理装置Aの操作方法について説明する。まず、処理装置Aの使用開始初日には、処理装置Aの蓋板11を開けて、処理槽Bの有効処理容量の約40%の半炭化状木片チップ42、及び前記有効処理容量0.1m3 につき1kgの高温耐性菌43を処理槽B内に投入する。生物系廃棄物41(廃鶏)の投入量については、使用開始初日から一週間前後は高温耐性菌43を活性化させるために、通常連続運転時に投入する量の70%程度に投入量を抑えて生物系廃棄物41を毎日追加投入して処理装置Aを連続運転する。この作業を初期作業という。約一週間の前記初期作業の期間経過後からは、所定量の生物系廃棄物41(廃鶏) を処理槽Bに追加投入して処理装置Aの通常連続運転を行う。本実施例では、有効処理容量が0.7m3 である処理槽Bを使用し、前記通常連続運転の際は、前記生物系廃棄物41 (廃鶏) を通常運転開始日には50羽(前記有効処理容量の約30%に相当)、その翌日以降には30羽(前記有効処理容量の18%から20%に相当)ずつ毎日追加投入していく。この作業を通常作業という。前記初期作業における処理装置Aの連続運転は、前記通常作業における処理装置Aの通常連続運転と同一であるので、以下、通常作業における処理装置Aの通常連続運転について説明する。通常連続運転開始日において、前記初期作業によって既に処理槽B内で生成された処理済被処理物S’に追加する形で、50羽の生物系廃棄物41を処理槽B内に投入して、前記蓋板11を閉める。次に、処理槽B内に投入した被処理物Sの容量、外気温、処理済被処理物S’の用途等を考慮して、処理槽B内の温度(通常90℃であり、上限は120℃程度)を設定する。前記生物系廃棄物41の処理時間(処理装置Aの運転時間)を設定し、始動スイッチを押して処理装置Aの運転を開始する。前記処理装置Aの運転が開始されると、処理槽Bの底板5の外周面に貼り付けられたヒータ8が作動して前記底板5を加熱し始めると同時に、熱風発生装置Hも作動して外気から取り込まれた空気から高温熱風Wを発生させる。当該高温熱風Wは、ブロア32の吸気管32bから吸引されてブロア32の送気管32aを通り、処理槽Bの側板4bに形成された熱風流入孔6から処理槽B内に導入される。前記ヒータ8及び前記高温熱風Wにより処理槽B内の温度が上昇していく。設定温度が90℃の場合、処理槽B内の表面温度は約20分、処理槽B内中心部の温度は約4時間程度で前記設定温度に到達する。また、熱風発生装置Hを作動すると、前記処理槽B内の中心部の温度は約2時間で到達する。設定温度に到達した後は、温度制御されて設定温度が維持される。一方、処理装置Aの運転が開始されると、処理装置Aの機器収納室Cに収納されている駆動モータ31が作動を開始し、駆動モータ31の駆動軸31aに取付けられた鎖歯車34が回転し、前記鎖歯車34と無端鎖36で連結された鎖歯車35が回転する。前記鎖歯車35は、回転粉砕羽根ユニットUの回転駆動軸21の一端部に取付けられているため、前記回転駆動軸21も回転し、前記回転駆動軸21に取付けられた多数本の回転粉砕羽根23が処理槽B内を回転方向Pに沿って低速回転する。 Next, an operation method of the processing apparatus A will be described. First, on the first day of the start of use of the processing apparatus A, the cover plate 11 of the processing apparatus A is opened, the semi-carbonized wood chip 42 of about 40% of the effective processing capacity of the processing tank B, and the effective processing capacity of 0.1 m. 1 kg of high temperature resistant bacteria 43 per 3 is put into the processing tank B. As for the input amount of biological waste 41 (waste chicken), the input amount is suppressed to about 70% of the input amount during normal continuous operation in order to activate the thermotolerant bacteria 43 for about one week from the first day of use. Then, the biological waste 41 is additionally charged every day and the processing apparatus A is continuously operated. This work is called initial work. After the initial work period of about one week has elapsed, a predetermined amount of biological waste 41 (waste chicken) is additionally charged into the processing tank B, and the processing apparatus A is normally continuously operated. In this embodiment, a treatment tank B having an effective treatment capacity of 0.7 m 3 is used, and during the normal continuous operation, 50 biological wastes 41 (waste chickens) are put on the normal operation start date ( After 30 days (corresponding to approximately 30% of the effective processing capacity), 30 birds (corresponding to 18% to 20% of the effective processing capacity) are added every day. This work is called normal work. Since the continuous operation of the processing apparatus A in the initial work is the same as the normal continuous operation of the processing apparatus A in the normal work, the normal continuous operation of the processing apparatus A in the normal work will be described below. Usually, 50 biological wastes 41 are thrown into the processing tank B in the form of addition to the processed object S ′ already generated in the processing tank B by the initial operation on the start date of the continuous operation. The lid plate 11 is closed. Next, in consideration of the capacity of the processing object S put into the processing tank B, the outside air temperature, the use of the processed processing object S ′, etc., the temperature in the processing tank B (normally 90 ° C., the upper limit is About 120 ° C.). The processing time of the biological waste 41 (operation time of the processing apparatus A) is set, and the start switch is pressed to start the operation of the processing apparatus A. When the operation of the processing apparatus A is started, the heater 8 attached to the outer peripheral surface of the bottom plate 5 of the processing tank B is activated to start heating the bottom plate 5, and at the same time, the hot air generator H is also activated. High temperature hot air W is generated from air taken in from outside air. The hot hot air W is sucked from the intake pipe 32b of the blower 32, passes through the air supply pipe 32a of the blower 32, and is introduced into the processing tank B from the hot air inlet 6 formed in the side plate 4b of the processing tank B. The temperature in the processing tank B rises due to the heater 8 and the high-temperature hot air W. When the set temperature is 90 ° C., the surface temperature in the processing tank B reaches the set temperature in about 20 minutes, and the temperature in the center of the processing tank B reaches about the set temperature in about 4 hours. Further, when the hot air generator H is operated, the temperature of the central portion in the processing tank B reaches in about 2 hours. After reaching the set temperature, the temperature is controlled and the set temperature is maintained. On the other hand, when the operation of the processing apparatus A is started, the drive motor 31 stored in the equipment storage chamber C of the processing apparatus A starts to operate, and the chain gear 34 attached to the drive shaft 31a of the drive motor 31 is moved. The chain gear 35 connected with the chain gear 34 and the endless chain 36 rotates. Since the chain gear 35 is attached to one end of the rotary drive shaft 21 of the rotary pulverization blade unit U, the rotary drive shaft 21 also rotates, and a plurality of rotary pulverization blades attached to the rotary drive shaft 21. 23 rotates at a low speed in the processing tank B along the rotation direction P.

次に、図3、図5及び図10を用いて被処理物Sを粉砕、攪拌していく過程について説明する。図10は、回転粉砕羽根23の磨り潰し作用の説明図である。前記回転粉砕羽根23が処理槽B内で回転方向Pに沿って回転すると、前記被処理物Sは処理槽Bの底板5の内周面に沿って、前記回転粉砕羽根23と共に連れ廻り始める。このとき、前記被処理物Sは、前記底板5の内周面に一体に取付けられた固定粉砕刃7の刃板部7bにおける回転方向Pの手前側の端面7b1 に衝突し、前記被処理物Sは、前記端面7b1 と前記回転粉砕羽根23の粉砕刃体23bとの間で切断される。各回転粉砕羽根23は、回転方向Pに沿って90°ずつ位相をずらして回転駆動軸21に所定間隔をおいて取付けられているので、効率良く被処理物Sは前記刃板部7bの端面7b1 に衝突し、切断、粉砕されていく。前記固定粉砕刃7は、前記底板5の回転方向Pに沿った展開状態において千鳥状に多数配置されているので、多数の固定粉砕刃7に対して被処理物Sは分散して衝突するために、各回転粉砕羽根23の回転抵抗が均一となって、被処理物Sをスムーズに切断、粉砕できる。また、前記被処理物Sの切断が繰り返されて被処理物Sの切断片がある程度小さくなった場合でも、固定粉砕刃7の固定板部7aにおける回転方向Pに対して手前側の端面7a1 が、前記回転駆動軸21の軸心に対して傾斜しているために、前記被処理物Sの切断片は回転粉砕羽根23の回転に伴って前記端面7a1 の先端部分から基端部にかけて順次当接していきながら刃板部7bの側に移動させられるので、前記刃板部7bの端面7b1 での切断、粉砕の頻度を増すことができる。一方、前記端面7b1 は、前記固定板部7aの板面7a2 に対して45°の角度で下がりに傾斜しているため、前記回転粉砕羽根23の回転に伴い、被処理物Sは前記端面7b1 の基端部から先端部にかけて順次当接していくので、前記端面7b1 が前記板面7a2 に対して垂直で、被処理物が一度に前記端面7b1 全体に当接してしまう場合に比べると、よりスムーズに被処理物Sを切断することができる。また、前記固定板部7aの端面7a1 が回転駆動軸21の軸心に平行で、前記刃板部7bの端面7b1 が前記固定板部7aの板面7a2 に対して垂直である場合には、前記被処理物Sは固定粉砕刃7の各端面7a1 ,7b1 に一度に衝突するのでその衝突力は大きいが、前記端面7a1 ,7b1 が上記のように傾斜、前傾しているために、前記被処理物Sが固定粉砕刃7に衝突する衝突力は緩和されて、前記底板5に溶接されて固定されている固定粉砕刃7は外れなくなる。更に、処理槽B内の多数の固定粉砕刃7は、底板5の展開状態において、固定板部7aが全て同一の向きで配置されていることによって、回転粉砕羽根23の回転時において、前記回転粉砕羽根23が底板5の最底部5aから被処理物Sを持ち上げながら上方向に回転する際には、前記固定粉砕刃7の前記端面7a1 が傾斜した固定板部7a及び前記端面7b1 が前傾した刃板部7bによって、被処理物Sがスムーズかつ効率的に粉砕されていく。それと同時に、前記回転粉砕羽根23が上方から前記最底部5aに向けて下方向に回転する際には、前記被処理物Sが固定板部7aの端面7a1 上、又は前記刃板部7bの板面7b2 上に当接しても、前記固定板部7aの端面7a1 は傾斜し、前記刃板部7bの端面7b1下がりに傾斜しているので、前記被処理物Sは前記端面7a1 又は前記板面7b2 上に溜まることなく、前記最底部5aに滑り落ちていく。このため、被処理物Sは固定粉砕刃7上に溜まらずに前記最底部5aに集まり易くなって、満遍なく粉砕されて細かくなっていく。更に、図10に示すように、軸方向の両端以外の位置にある各回転粉砕羽根23の取付板部23aの先端部には、断面略円形状の磨潰し具24が固着されているため、各回転粉砕羽根23の回転に伴って、前記磨潰し具24が前記底板5の内周面を摺動する結果、生物系廃棄物41中の骨類はある程度細片化されると回転粉砕羽根23のみでは更に細かく粉砕していくのは困難であるが、前記磨潰し具24と底板5の内摺面との間で前記骨類は磨り潰されていくので、前記被処理物Sはより一層細かくなっていく。なお、各回転粉砕羽根23が回転している際に付着した処理槽Bの側板4a、4bの付着物は、軸方向の両端の位置にある回転粉砕羽根23の先端部に取付けられたスクレーパ板26が回転することによって除去される。なお、前記最底部5aから最も離れた、即ち処理槽B内で最も高い位置に配置された固定粉砕刃7はピッチを密にして配置されていることによって、回転粉砕羽根23に連れ廻されている被処理物Sが回転に伴って処理槽Bの下半部よりも上方に持ち上がり、処理槽Bの上部或いは処理装置Aの蓋板11の裏面にまで被処理物Sが付着してしまうのを防止している。前記防止効果を高めるために、前記位置に配置された固定粉砕刃7の刃板部7bの寸法を大きくしてもよい。 Next, the process of pulverizing and stirring the workpiece S will be described with reference to FIGS. 3, 5, and 10. FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of the grinding action of the rotary crushing blade 23. When the rotary pulverization blade 23 rotates in the processing tank B along the rotation direction P, the workpiece S starts to rotate with the rotary pulverization blade 23 along the inner peripheral surface of the bottom plate 5 of the processing tank B. At this time, the workpiece S collides with the end surface 7b 1 on the near side in the rotational direction P of the blade plate portion 7b of the fixed crushing blade 7 integrally attached to the inner peripheral surface of the bottom plate 5, and the workpiece The object S is cut between the end face 7b 1 and the grinding blade body 23b of the rotary grinding blade 23. Since each rotary crushing blade 23 is attached to the rotary drive shaft 21 at a predetermined interval with the phase shifted by 90 ° along the rotation direction P, the workpiece S is efficiently end surfaces of the blade plate portion 7b. It collides with 7b 1 and is cut and crushed. Since the fixed crushing blades 7 are arranged in a staggered manner in the developed state along the rotation direction P of the bottom plate 5, the workpiece S is dispersed and collides with the many fixed crushing blades 7. Furthermore, the rotational resistance of each rotary pulverization blade 23 becomes uniform, and the workpiece S can be cut and pulverized smoothly. Further, even when the cutting of the workpiece S is repeated and the cut piece of the workpiece S becomes small to some extent, the end surface 7a 1 on the near side with respect to the rotation direction P in the fixed plate portion 7a of the fixed crushing blade 7. However, since it is inclined with respect to the axis of the rotational drive shaft 21, the cut piece of the object to be processed S moves from the distal end portion to the proximal end portion of the end face 7a 1 as the rotary crushing blade 23 rotates. Since the blade plate 7b is moved toward the blade plate portion 7b while sequentially contacting, the frequency of cutting and crushing at the end surface 7b 1 of the blade plate portion 7b can be increased. Meanwhile, the end surface 7b 1, the because of the inclined obliquely forwardly downwardly hand at 45 ° angle with respect to the plate surface 7a 2 of the fixing plate portion 7a, with the rotation of the rotary grinding blade 23, the object to be processed since S is sequentially abuts to the tip portion from the end surface 7b 1 of the proximal end portion, said end surface 7b 1 is perpendicular to the plate surface 7a 2, the object to be processed is brought to the end face 7b 1 all at once Compared with the case where it contacts, the to-be-processed object S can be cut | disconnected more smoothly. Further, when the end surface 7a 1 of the fixed plate portion 7a is parallel to the axis of the rotary drive shaft 21, and the end surface 7b 1 of the blade plate portion 7b is perpendicular to the plate surface 7a 2 of the fixed plate portion 7a. The workpiece S collides with the end faces 7a 1 and 7b 1 of the fixed crushing blade 7 at a time, so that the impact force is large, but the end faces 7a 1 and 7b 1 are inclined and tilted forward as described above. Therefore, the collision force with which the workpiece S collides with the fixed crushing blade 7 is alleviated, and the fixed crushing blade 7 welded and fixed to the bottom plate 5 does not come off. Further, a number of fixed crushing blades 7 in the processing tank B are rotated when the rotary crushing blades 23 rotate because the fixed plate portions 7a are all arranged in the same direction in the developed state of the bottom plate 5. When the crushing blade 23 rotates upward while lifting the workpiece S from the bottom 5a of the bottom plate 5, the fixed plate portion 7a and the end surface 7b 1 in which the end surface 7a 1 of the fixed crushing blade 7 is inclined are formed. The workpiece S is smoothly and efficiently pulverized by the forwardly inclined blade plate portion 7b. At the same time, the in rotary grinding blade 23 rotates downward toward the upper side in the bottommost portion 5a, the object to be processed S is on the end face 7a 1 of the stationary plate part 7a, or of the blade plate portion 7b also abuts on the plate surface 7b 2, the end faces 7a 1 of the stationary plate part 7a is inclined, since the end face 7b 1 of the blade plate portion 7b are inclined obliquely forwardly downwards hand, the object to be treated S Slides down to the bottom 5a without accumulating on the end surface 7a 1 or the plate surface 7b 2 . For this reason, the object to be processed S does not collect on the fixed crushing blade 7 but easily collects at the bottom 5a, and is uniformly pulverized and becomes finer. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 10, a polishing tool 24 having a substantially circular cross section is fixed to the tip of the mounting plate portion 23a of each rotary crushing blade 23 at a position other than both ends in the axial direction. When the grinding tool 24 slides on the inner peripheral surface of the bottom plate 5 as each rotary grinding blade 23 rotates, the bone in the biological waste 41 is fragmented to some extent. It is difficult to pulverize even more with only 23, but the bones are ground between the grinding tool 24 and the inner sliding surface of the bottom plate 5, so that the workpiece S is more It will become even finer. Note that the deposits on the side plates 4a and 4b of the processing tank B that are attached when the rotary crushing blades 23 are rotating are scraper plates attached to the front ends of the rotary crushing blades 23 at both ends in the axial direction. 26 is removed by rotation. The fixed crushing blade 7 that is farthest from the bottom 5a, that is, located at the highest position in the processing tank B is rotated by the rotary crushing blade 23 by being arranged at a dense pitch. The processed object S is lifted above the lower half of the processing tank B as it rotates, and the processed object S adheres to the upper part of the processing tank B or the back surface of the cover plate 11 of the processing apparatus A. Is preventing. In order to enhance the prevention effect, the size of the blade plate portion 7b of the fixed crushing blade 7 arranged at the position may be increased.

上記のように、前記被処理物Sは、高温(90℃から120℃程度)に維持された処理槽B内において、回転駆動軸21の低速回転により、各回転粉砕羽根23が回転方向Pに回転して、連れ廻り回転させられる間に、底板5に設けられた各固定粉砕刃7に引っ掛けられて徐々に切断、粉砕されていき、各回転粉砕羽根23の先端部の磨潰し具24により磨り潰されて更に細かくなっていく。   As described above, in the processing tank B maintained at a high temperature (about 90 ° C. to about 120 ° C.), the rotary crushing blades 23 are rotated in the rotation direction P by the low-speed rotation of the rotary drive shaft 21. While being rotated and rotated around, it is caught by each fixed crushing blade 7 provided on the bottom plate 5 and gradually cut and crushed, and by a grinder 24 at the tip of each rotary crushing blade 23. It is crushed and becomes finer.

前記被処理物Sが回転粉砕羽根23及び固定粉砕刃7により切断、粉砕されていく一方、前記被処理物S中の生物系廃棄物41は、高温耐性菌43によって好気性発酵されて分解処理されていく。前記処理槽B内の水蒸気や、前記生物系廃棄物41に含まれる窒素や硫黄の一部が分解して僅かに発生したアンモニアや硫黄化合物の気体分子等からなる気流は、処理装置Aの天板2に形成された排気筒13から排気される。一回の投入量の生物系廃棄物41を良質な有機肥料にまで発酵処理するためには、約48時間を要するが、24時間経過時には、処理槽B内の処理済被処理物S’の全体量は有効処理容量の約40%(本実施例では約0.3m3 ),48時間経過時には前記有効処理容量の10%(本実施例では約0.07m3 )になる。最初に投入した生物系廃棄物41を24時間処理した時点で、所定量の新たな生物系廃棄物41を処理槽Bに追加投入する。その翌日にも前記所定量と同量の新たな生物系廃棄物41を処理槽Bに追加投入する。以上のように、処理装置Aを連続運転させながら、毎日新たな生物系廃棄物41の追加投入を繰り返し、前記生物系廃棄物41の処理を行う。この結果、投入された生物系廃棄物41は処理により減量化されて処理済被処理物S’となるが、毎日一定量ずつ新たな生物系廃棄物41が処理槽Bに追加投入されていくので、前記処理槽B内の処理済被処理物S’の全体量は徐々に増加していく。前記処理済被処理物S’が増量して、処理槽B内で回転駆動軸21から直上に伸びる回転粉砕羽根23の最上端部から下に約50mmの高さまで到達したら、処理装置Aの側板3bの下端部に設けられた取出口14を開けて、持ち手の長い取出具等を用いて、処理槽Bに堆積している前記処理済被処理物S’を、底板5の最底部5aからかき出すようにして取出口14から取り出す。このとき、処理槽B内から処理済被処理物S’を全部取り出すのではなく、戻し肥料として処理槽Bの有効処理量の約30%(本実施例では約0.2m3 )を残しておくとよい。取り出された処理済被処理物S’は放冷により冷却する。取り出された前記処理済被処理物S’の体積量は有効処理容量の約30%、即ち本実施例では約0.2m3 であり、前記処理済被処理物S’の比重は0.8から1.0であることから、取り出された前記処理済被処理物S’の重量は約200kgである。前記処理済被処理物S’の取出し後、生物系廃棄物41を新たに50羽投入し、その翌日には30羽追加投入して上記の処理工程を繰り返していく。なお、処理装置Aを通常連続運転する場合には、設定を連続運転にしておけば運転を停止することなく、毎日投入される生物系廃棄物41の処理を続けていくことができる。但し、新たな生物系廃棄物41を投入口12から処理槽B内に投入する場合等で蓋板11が開いている間は、安全装置が作動して運転は停止する。 While the object to be treated S is cut and pulverized by the rotary pulverization blade 23 and the fixed pulverizing blade 7, the biological waste 41 in the object to be treated S is subjected to aerobic fermentation by the high temperature resistant bacteria 43 and decomposed. It will be done. The air current consisting of water vapor in the treatment tank B and a gas molecule of ammonia or sulfur compound slightly generated by decomposition of a part of nitrogen or sulfur contained in the biological waste 41 is the top of the treatment apparatus A. The gas is exhausted from an exhaust cylinder 13 formed on the plate 2. It takes about 48 hours to ferment the biological waste 41 of a single input amount to a high-quality organic fertilizer. However, when 24 hours have elapsed, the processed waste S ′ in the processing tank B is not processed. The total amount is about 40% of the effective processing capacity (about 0.3 m 3 in this embodiment), and becomes 10% of the effective processing capacity after 48 hours (about 0.07 m 3 in this embodiment). When the biological waste 41 that has been initially charged is treated for 24 hours, a predetermined amount of new biological waste 41 is additionally charged into the treatment tank B. On the next day, a new biological waste 41 having the same amount as the predetermined amount is added to the treatment tank B. As described above, while the processing apparatus A is continuously operated, the addition of new biological waste 41 is repeated every day, and the biological waste 41 is processed. As a result, the input biological waste 41 is reduced by processing to become a processed object S ′. However, a new amount of biological waste 41 is added to the treatment tank B by a certain amount every day. Therefore, the total amount of the processed workpiece S ′ in the processing tank B gradually increases. When the amount of the processed workpiece S ′ increases and reaches a height of about 50 mm downward from the uppermost end of the rotary crushing blade 23 that extends directly from the rotary drive shaft 21 in the processing tank B, the side plate of the processing apparatus A Open the outlet 14 provided at the lower end of 3b, and use the take-out tool or the like with a long handle to remove the processed object S 'accumulated in the processing tank B from the bottom 5a of the bottom plate 5. It is taken out from the take-out port 14 so as to be scraped out. At this time, instead of taking out all of the processed workpiece S ′ from the processing tank B, about 30% of the effective processing amount of the processing tank B (about 0.2 m 3 in this embodiment) is left as a return fertilizer. It is good to leave. The taken out processed object S ′ is cooled by cooling. The volume of the processed workpiece S ′ taken out is about 30% of the effective processing capacity, that is, about 0.2 m 3 in this embodiment, and the specific gravity of the processed workpiece S ′ is 0.8. Therefore, the weight of the processed workpiece S ′ taken out is about 200 kg. After taking out the treated object S ′, 50 biological wastes 41 are newly introduced, and 30 additional birds are introduced on the next day, and the above processing steps are repeated. In addition, when processing apparatus A is normally continuously operated, if the setting is set to continuous operation, it is possible to continue the treatment of biological waste 41 introduced every day without stopping the operation. However, the safety device is activated and the operation is stopped while the cover plate 11 is open, for example, when a new biological waste 41 is introduced into the processing tank B from the inlet 12.

処理装置Aを用いて廃鶏処理を行った。以下にその処理内容を説明する。まず、処理装置Aの装置仕様について、寸法は幅1900mm、奥行1100mm、高さ1100mm、処理槽Bの有効処理容量は0.7m3 、モータ31の仕事率は0.75kW、ヒータ8の仕事率は2.1kW、電源は交流電圧200Vである。熱風発生装置Hは、竹網製作所製の「TSK−31B」を使用した。生物系廃棄物41として廃鶏を50羽(処理槽Bの有効処理容量の約30%)、高温耐性菌43としてアクチノマイセス属の放線菌を主体とする高温耐性菌類(有限会社芹澤微生物研究所より市販の「芹澤菌B101」)を7.0kg、木片チップ42(長さ3mmから15mm、幅1mmから3mm、厚さ2mmから5mmの大きさの杉材小片を、温度150℃、圧力6.9×105 Paの水蒸気条件下で40分間処理したもの)を0.3m3 (処理槽Bの有効処理容量の約40%)処理槽Bに投入した。処理装置Aの処理時間を48時間、処理槽B内の温度を90℃に設定して始動スイッチを押して処理装置Aの運転を開始した。処理装置Aの運転開始から48時間後に処理装置Aの取出口14から生成した処理済被処理物S’を取り出し、放冷した。通常は、上記したように処理装置Aを連続運転して廃鶏を毎日所定量追加投入して廃鶏処理を行うが、本実施例では、上記の初期作業における処理装置Aの使用開始初日を想定して、処理槽Bに高温耐性菌43及び木片チップ42を所定量投入した。また、生物系廃棄物41の廃鶏の投入量については、上記の通常作業における通常運転開始日を想定して50羽とした。 The waste chicken processing was performed using the processing apparatus A. The processing contents will be described below. First, regarding the apparatus specifications of the processing apparatus A, the dimensions are 1900 mm in width, 1100 mm in depth, 1100 mm in height, the effective processing capacity of the processing tank B is 0.7 m 3 , the power of the motor 31 is 0.75 kW, and the power of the heater 8. Is 2.1 kW, and the power source is an AC voltage of 200V. As the hot air generator H, “TSK-31B” manufactured by Takenet Seisakusho was used. 50 waste chickens as biological waste 41 (about 30% of the effective treatment capacity of treatment tank B), and thermotolerant fungi 43 mainly composed of actinomyces actinomycetes 7.0 kg of commercially available “Serizawa bacteria B101”), wood chip 42 (length 3 mm to 15 mm, width 1 mm to 3 mm, thickness 2 mm to 5 mm, cedar wood pieces, temperature 150 ° C., pressure 6 the .9 × 10 5 that treated for 40 minutes with steam conditions of Pa) 0.3 m 3 (about 40% of the effective processing capacity of the processing tank B) were placed in a treatment tank B. The processing time of the processing apparatus A was set to 48 hours, the temperature in the processing tank B was set to 90 ° C., the start switch was pushed, and the operation of the processing apparatus A was started. After 48 hours from the start of operation of the processing apparatus A, the processed workpiece S ′ generated from the outlet 14 of the processing apparatus A was taken out and allowed to cool. Usually, as described above, the processing apparatus A is continuously operated and a predetermined amount of waste chicken is added every day to perform the waste chicken processing. In this embodiment, the first day of use of the processing apparatus A in the initial work is set. Assuming that the high-temperature resistant bacteria 43 and the wood chip 42 are put into the treatment tank B in predetermined amounts. In addition, the input amount of the waste chicken of the biological waste 41 was set to 50 on the assumption of the normal operation start date in the normal operation.

前記廃鶏処理を行った結果、処理済被処理物S’の生成量は、約0.07m3 で、約70kgであった。前記処理済被処理物S’について成分分析を行ったところ、窒素(N)6.6%、りん酸(五酸化二リン;P25 )4.6%、加里(酸化カリウム;K2 O)1.4%、亜鉛(Zn)120mg/kg、石灰(酸化カルシウム;CaO)3.7%、水分20.6%、炭素率(C/N)7.55という結果を得た。(なお、窒素及び炭素率については乾式燃焼法、それ以外は肥料分析法による。)上記の成分分析結果より、前記処理済被処理物S’は、植物の発育に不可欠な窒素、リン、カリウム等の肥効成分を多く含有した良質な有機肥料であることがわかった。また、発酵鶏糞に比べて前記処理済被処理物S’には、廃鶏の骨類が含まれているためにカルシウムが多く含まれ、又廃鶏の羽が含まれているために窒素も多く含まれていることがわかった。 As a result of the waste chicken treatment, the production amount of the treated workpiece S ′ was about 0.07 m 3 and about 70 kg. When component analysis was performed on the treated workpiece S ′, nitrogen (N) 6.6%, phosphoric acid (diphosphorus pentoxide; P 2 O 5 ) 4.6%, potassium (potassium oxide; K 2) O) 1.4%, zinc (Zn) 120 mg / kg, lime (calcium oxide; CaO) 3.7%, moisture 20.6%, carbon ratio (C / N) 7.55 were obtained. (Note that the nitrogen and carbon ratios are determined by the dry combustion method, otherwise the fertilizer analysis method.) From the above component analysis results, the treated material S ′ is nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, which are indispensable for plant growth. It was found to be a high-quality organic fertilizer containing a large amount of fertilizer components such as. Further, compared with fermented chicken manure, the treated material S ′ contains a lot of calcium because it contains bones of waste chicken, and also contains nitrogen of waste chicken because it contains wings of waste chicken. It was found that many were included.

処理装置Aの全体斜視図である。1 is an overall perspective view of a processing apparatus A. FIG. 処理装置Aの正面断面図である。It is front sectional drawing of the processing apparatus A. FIG. 図2のX−X線断面図である。FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line XX in FIG. 2. 側板3を取り外した状態の右側面図である。It is a right view of the state which removed the side plate. 処理槽Bの底板5に固着された多数の固定粉砕刃7の配置を示す展開図である。FIG. 4 is a development view showing the arrangement of a number of fixed crushing blades 7 fixed to the bottom plate 5 of the processing tank B. 処理槽Bの底板5に固着された固定粉砕刃7の斜視図である。3 is a perspective view of a fixed pulverizing blade 7 fixed to a bottom plate 5 of a processing tank B. FIG. (イ)は、固定粉砕刃7の正面図である。(ロ)は、固定粉砕刃7の右側面図である。(A) is a front view of the fixed crushing blade 7. (B) is a right side view of the fixed crushing blade 7. 断面L字形のアングル材51の直交部を真上にした状態で、長手方向に対して45°傾斜した角度θ0 で切断する状態を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows the state cut | disconnected by angle (theta) 0 inclined 45 degrees with respect to the longitudinal direction in the state which made the orthogonal | vertical part of the angle material 51 of L-shaped cross section right above. 回転粉砕羽根23の斜視図である。3 is a perspective view of a rotary pulverization blade 23. FIG. 回転粉砕羽根23の磨り潰し作用の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the grinding action of the rotary crushing blade | wing 23. FIG.

A :生物系廃棄物の処理装置(処理装置)
B :処理槽
:刃幅寸法
1 :(回転駆動軸側の)刃幅寸法
2 :(先端側の)刃幅寸法
P :回転粉砕羽根の回転方向
S :被処理物
U :回転粉砕羽根ユニット
W :高温熱風
5 :底板
7 :固定粉砕刃
7a :固定板部
7a1 :回転方向に沿って手前側の固定板部の端面
7a2 :固定板部の板面
7b :刃板部
7b1 :回転方向に沿って手前側の刃板部の端面
21 :回転駆動軸
23 :回転粉砕羽根
24 :磨潰し具
41 :生物系廃棄物
42 :木片チップ
43 :高温耐性菌(好気性細菌)
A: Biological waste treatment equipment (treatment equipment)
B: Processing tank
h : Blade width dimension
h 1 : Blade width dimension (on the rotary drive shaft side)
h 2 :( tip side) blade width P: rotation direction of the rotary grinding blade S: processing object U: rotary grinding blade unit W: hot hot 5: bottom plate 7: Fixed pulverizing blade 7a: fixing plate portion 7a 1: End surface 7a 2 of the front fixed plate portion along the rotational direction 7a 2 : Plate surface of the fixed plate portion 7b: Blade plate portion 7b 1 : End surface of the front blade plate portion along the rotational direction 21: Rotation drive shaft 23: Rotating and crushing blade 24: Grinding tool 41: Biological waste 42: Wood chip 43: Thermotolerant bacteria (aerobic bacteria)

Claims (6)

回転駆動軸に数本の回転粉砕羽根が取付けられた回転粉砕羽根ユニットが処理槽内に配設され、被処理物である廃鶏類等の生物系廃棄物を回転粉砕させながら高温熱風と好気性細菌の作用によって、前記生物系廃棄物を発酵処理する生物系廃棄物の処理装置であって、
前記処理槽を構成する断面半円状の底板には、刃板部が前記回転駆動軸の軸心に対して直交する数の固定粉砕刃が取付けられ、この固定粉砕刃は、前記処理槽の底板に固定される固定板部と、当該固定板部から起立した刃板部とからなって、前記固定板部における回転粉砕羽根の回転方向に沿って手前側に位置する端面は、当該端面に当接した被処理物が回転粉砕羽根の回転によって刃板部の側に移動するように、前記回転駆動軸の軸心に対して傾斜し、前記刃板部における回転粉砕羽根の回転方向に沿って手前側に位置する端面は、前記固定板部の板面に対して手前下がり傾斜しおり、
更に前記回転粉砕羽根は、このものにおける粉砕刃体の刃幅寸法が、回転駆動軸側を大きく、先端側を小さくなるように形成されていることを特徴とする生物系廃棄物の処理装置。
Rotary grinding blades of double several are attached to a rotary drive shaft rotating grinding blade unit is disposed in the processing bath, a hot hot air while rotating grinding biological waste waste chicken and the like as an object to be treated A biological waste treatment apparatus for fermenting the biological waste by the action of aerobic bacteria,
A semicircular cross section of the bottom plate constituting the processing tank, a fixed milling blade multiple orthogonal to the axis of the blade plate portion said rotary drive shaft is mounted, et al is, the fixed grinding blade, the processing The fixed plate portion fixed to the bottom plate of the tank and the blade plate portion standing up from the fixed plate portion, and the end surface located on the near side along the rotation direction of the rotary pulverization blade in the fixed plate portion, The workpiece to be in contact with the end face is inclined with respect to the axis of the rotary drive shaft so that the workpiece is moved to the blade plate portion by the rotation of the rotary pulverization blade, and the rotation direction of the rotary pulverization blade in the blade plate portion The end surface located on the near side along the side is inclined forwardly downward with respect to the plate surface of the fixed plate portion,
Further, the rotary pulverization blade has a blade width dimension of the pulverizing blade body formed so that the rotary drive shaft side is large and the tip side is small .
前記処理槽の底板に固定された数の固定粉砕刃は、展開状態において千鳥状に配置されていることを特徴とする前記請求項に記載の生物系廃棄物の処理装置。 The bottom plate fixed fixed crushing blade multiple to the processing tank, the processing unit of biological waste according to claim 1, characterized in that are arranged in a zigzag pattern in the deployed state. 前記回転粉砕羽根は、先端部に処理槽の底板面との間で粉砕された被処理物を磨り潰すための断面略円形の磨潰し具が設けられていることを特徴とする前記請求項1または2記載の生物系廃棄物の処理装置。 The rotary grinding blades, the claims, characterized in that substantially circular section grinding crushed tool for grinding the workpiece which has been ground in between the bottom plate surface of the processing tank to the tip portion is provided 1 Or the biological waste processing apparatus of 2. 前記生物系廃棄物を発酵処理するにあたっては、前記処理槽内に前記生物系廃棄物を投入し、好気性細菌及び水分調整材を添加、混合した後、高温熱風を吹き込んで処理槽内温度を90℃から120℃に維持した状態で、前記生物系廃棄物、好気性細菌、及び水分調整材の混合物を前記固定粉砕刃と回転粉砕刃との作用により、回転粉砕、攪拌しながら発酵処理を行い、前記生物系廃棄物を肥料化することを特徴とする前記請求項1、2または3記載の生物系廃棄物の処理装置 In fermenting the biological waste, the biological waste is put into the treatment tank, aerobic bacteria and a moisture adjusting material are added, mixed, and then the temperature in the treatment tank is increased by blowing high-temperature hot air. While maintaining the temperature at 90 ° C. to 120 ° C., the mixture of the biological waste, aerobic bacteria, and the moisture adjusting material is subjected to fermentation treatment while rotating and stirring with the action of the fixed grinding blade and the rotary grinding blade. 4. The biological waste treatment apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the biological waste is fertilized. 前記好気性細菌は、アクチノマイセス属の放線菌を主体とする高温耐性菌であることを特徴とする前記請求項に記載の生物系廃棄物の処理装置The aerobic bacteria, the processing unit of the biological waste according to claim 4, characterized in that the high-temperature-resistant bacteria mainly of actinomycetes actinomycetes. 前記水分調整材は、長さ3mmから15mm、幅1mmから3mm、厚さ2mmから5mmの大きさの木片チップであって、温度140℃から250℃、圧力4.9×105 Paから9.8×105 Paの水蒸気条件下で30分から120分処理して得られた半炭化状態の前記好気性細菌用担体であることを特徴とする前記請求項4または5記載の生物系廃棄物の処理装置The moisture adjusting material is a wood chip having a length of 3 mm to 15 mm, a width of 1 mm to 3 mm, and a thickness of 2 mm to 5 mm, a temperature of 140 ° C. to 250 ° C., a pressure of 4.9 × 10 5 Pa to 9. 6. The biological waste according to claim 4 or 5, which is a carrier for aerobic bacteria in a semi-carbonized state obtained by treating for 30 to 120 minutes under a steam condition of 8 × 10 5 Pa. Processing equipment .
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