JP4516556B2 - Biological waste treatment equipment - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention mainly relates to a biological waste processing apparatus for fermenting (composting) biological waste such as waste chicken by high-temperature fermentation using high-temperature resistant bacteria.

Eggs that can be cooked easily and have high nutritional value are indispensable ingredients for everyday dining, but especially due to advances in chicken farming technology, etc. Very expensive. In addition, not only in regions with food cultures that regularly eat chicken, but also health-conscious consumers who prefer chicken from beef, etc., are increasing worldwide, and chicken consumption is also increasing. A large number of chickens are bred at the poultry farming facility, but the number of waste chickens (dead chickens) generated and the number of treatments are also high. In poultry facilities, the generation of waste chickens is inevitable, and the treatment method is a big problem. As a conventional waste chicken processing method, it is buried in the ground and discarded, or it is requested to an industrial waste disposal contractor, or as described in Patent Document 1, it is mixed with chicken manure as it is and composted. Has been implemented. However, in the case of being buried in the ground and disposed of, first, a huge site area is required as a disposal site, and the amount of discarded chicken is limited in a limited site area. Next, if abandoned chicken is buried in the ground, problems such as soil contamination and groundwater contamination may occur. Furthermore, it takes time for the industrial waste disposal contractor to pick up the waste chicken, and a place to store the waste chicken until it is picked up is also required. It takes time and money. Moreover, when waste chicken is mixed with chicken manure and composted, the components of the chicken manure vary, so the components of the obtained compost also vary. Furthermore, none of the methods can deny the possibility that the pathogenic microorganisms spread and the infected area expands in the case of environmental health problems, that is, when the cause of death of the waste chicken is a pathogenic microorganism.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-210437

  This invention makes it a subject to provide the processing apparatus of the biological waste which can process the biological wastes, such as a waste chicken, as a fertilizer by high-temperature processing simply and hygienically.

The invention of claim 1, wherein for solving the aforementioned problem, rotary grinding blade unit rotating grinding blades of several double is attached to a rotary drive shaft is disposed in the processing bath, which is an object to be treated waste A biological waste treatment apparatus for fermenting the biological waste by the action of high-temperature hot air and aerobic bacteria while rotating and crushing biological waste such as chickens, and a cross section constituting the treatment tank the semicircular bottom plate, fixed grinding blade multiple of the blade plate is orthogonal to the axis of the rotary drive shaft is mounted et al is, the fixed milling cutter is fixed to a bottom plate of the treatment tank An end surface located on the near side along the rotation direction of the rotary pulverization blade in the fixed plate portion includes a fixed plate portion and a blade plate portion standing up from the fixed plate portion. So that the object moves to the blade plate side by the rotation of the rotary crushing blade. An end surface that is inclined with respect to the axis of the rotational drive shaft and is positioned on the near side along the rotation direction of the rotary pulverization blade in the blade plate portion is inclined downward toward the plate surface of the fixed plate portion, and The rotary pulverization blade is characterized in that the blade width dimension of the pulverization blade body is formed so that the rotation drive shaft side is large and the tip side is small .

According to the invention of claim 1, wherein, in cross-section semi-circular shaped bottom plate constituting the processing tank, mounted a number of fixed crushing blade, with respect to the axis of the blade plate portion of the fixed crushing blade rotary drive shaft Since the rotary crushing blade unit of the rotary crushing blade unit is rotated upright from the bottom plate so as to be almost orthogonal, the biological waste mixture in the treatment tank is rotated along the semicircular cross-sectional bottom plate. In the middle of the process, it is caught and pulverized by a large number of the fixed pulverization blades, so that the pulverization efficiency of the biological waste is improved compared to the case where the fixed pulverization blade is not provided, and the fermentation process is promoted. .

In addition, when the biological waste of the object to be treated that is rotated by the rotation of the rotary crushing blade in the treatment tank comes into contact with a large number of fixed crushing blades fixed to the bottom plate, the fixed plate portion constituting the fixed crushing blade Since the end surface on the front side of the is inclined as described above, the object to be rotated is moved to the blade plate portion side of the fixed crushing blade, and the crushing frequency is increased. Therefore, the grinding efficiency of the workpiece is improved.

Furthermore, since the front end surface of the fixed plate portion constituting the fixed pulverizing blade is inclined as described above, and the front end surface of the blade plate portion is inclined forward as described above, the fixed plate Compared with the case where the end face of the part is parallel to the axis of the rotary drive shaft and the end face of the blade plate part is perpendicular to the plate surface of the fixed plate part, the workpiece collides with the fixed grinding blade The collision force at the time is relaxed, and the fixed crushing blade fixed to the bottom plate of the processing tank is not detached by the collision force.

According to a second aspect of the invention according to claim 1, number of fixed pulverizing blade which is fixed to the bottom plate of the treatment tank is characterized in that it is arranged in a zigzag pattern in the deployed state.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, during rotation of the rotary grinding blade unit, because the object to be treated for a number of the fixed crushing blade collides dispersed, rotational resistance of the rotary grinding blade was homogeneous Thus, the workpiece can be pulverized smoothly.

According to a third aspect of the invention according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the rotary grinding blade, the object to be processed to grind cross section for milled between the bottom plate surface of the processing tank to the distal portion It is characterized by a circular grinder.

According to the invention described in claim 3, the object to be processed pulverized by the rotary pulverization blade and the fixed pulverization blade provided on the bottom plate of the processing tank is further rotated by the rotation of the rotary pulverization blade. By grinding between the grinding tool having a substantially circular cross section and the bottom plate surface of the treatment tank, the bones are crushed and crushed to a smaller size. As a result, when the unit is rotated, the object to be processed further disperses and collides with a large number of fixed pulverizing blades, so that the rotational resistance of the rotary pulverization blade unit becomes uniform and the object to be processed becomes smoother. Can be crushed.

Invention of claim 4, in the invention described in claim 1, 2 or 3, when fermentation process the biological waste is the biological waste is charged into the processing bath, aerobic bacteria and adding moisture adjusting material, after mixing, while maintaining the processing bath temperature by blowing hot hot air to 120 ° C. from 90 ° C., the biological waste, the aerobic bacteria, and a mixture of moisture control material By the action of a fixed pulverizing blade and a rotating pulverizing blade, fermentation treatment is performed while rotating and agitating to fertilize the biological waste.

  According to invention of Claim 4, since the moisture adjusting material is mixed with the to-be-processed object, the water in a processing tank is rapidly evaporated also in the high temperature state of 90 to 120 degreeC in the processing tank, and the said Without excessively drying the object to be treated, it is possible to keep water in a degree sufficient for aerobic bacteria to be fermented in the treatment tank and gradually dry it in accordance with the fermentation rate. . Moreover, since the air taken in from the outside air is introduced into the treatment tank as high-temperature hot air by a heater, a hot-air generator or the like, the air can be secured in the treatment tank so that the aerobic bacteria can be sufficiently fermented. . Furthermore, since the temperature in the treatment tank is in a high temperature state as described above, the biological waste is treated in order to kill pathogenic microorganisms and germs that cause the bad smell and cause malodor. Odor generation is suppressed in the process.

According to a fifth aspect, in the invention described in claim 4, wherein the aerobic bacterium is characterized in that a high temperature resistant bacteria mainly of actinomycetes actinomycetes.

According to the invention described in claim 5, by using a high temperature resistant fungus mainly composed of actinomyces actinomycetes as the aerobic bacterium, the high temperature condition in the treatment tank of 90 ° C to 120 ° C is also used. Since thermotolerant bacteria show activity, the biological waste can be sufficiently fermented.

Invention according to claim 6, in the invention described in claim 4 or 5, wherein the moisture control material, 15 mm from the length 3 mm, 3 mm in width 1 mm, a wood chip size of 5mm thick 2mm The semi-carbonized carrier for aerobic bacteria obtained by treating for 30 minutes to 120 minutes under steam conditions of a temperature of 140 ° C. to 250 ° C. and a pressure of 4.9 × 10 ⁵ Pa to 9.8 × 10 ⁵ Pa. It is characterized by being.

According to the invention described in claim 6, since the voids are generated in the object to be processed by using the wood chip obtained by chopping the wood, the air permeability in the object to be processed can be improved. In addition, by subjecting the wood chip to high temperature and high pressure treatment with water vapor, the essential oil contained in the wood that inhibits the growth of the aerobic bacteria is volatilized, and germs such as rot fungi adhering to the wood chip are sterilized. Is done. Moreover, when the wood chip chip is in a semi-carbonized state, the porosity and wear resistance of the wood chip and the adsorptivity of odor components are increased. For this reason, by mixing the semi-carbonized wood chip with biological waste, the amount of water in the object to be treated is appropriately adjusted without giving unnecessary germs to the biological waste, It can adsorb molecules of odorous components such as ammonia generated in the fermentation process of wastes.

  According to the present invention, even in a high temperature state of 90 ° C. to 120 ° C. in the treatment tank, the water in such a degree that the aerobic bacteria can be sufficiently fermented is kept in the treatment tank. It is possible to dry. Moreover, since the air taken in from the outside air is introduced into the treatment tank as high-temperature hot air, it is possible to secure in the treatment tank enough air for the aerobic bacteria to be fermented. Furthermore, since pathogenic microorganisms and germs that cause the malodor to decay by causing the bio waste to die, the generation of malodor is suppressed in the treatment process of the bio waste.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the best mode. Hereinafter, the biological waste processing apparatus according to the present invention may be simply referred to as “processing apparatus”. First, the processing apparatus will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 is an overall perspective view of the processing apparatus A, FIG. 2 is a front sectional view of the processing apparatus A, FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line XX of FIG. 2, and FIG. FIG. 5 is a developed view showing the arrangement of a number of fixed crushing blades 7 fixed to the bottom plate 5 of the processing tank B, and FIG. 6 is fixed to the bottom plate 5. FIGS. 7A and 7B are a front view and a right side view of the fixed crushing blade 7, respectively, and FIG. 8 is an orthogonal portion of the angle member 51 having an L-shaped cross section. 9 is a plan view showing a state of cutting at an angle θ ₀ inclined by 45 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction, with FIG. 9 being directly above, and FIG. In FIG. 1 to FIG. 4, the processing apparatus A assembles a frame 1 composed of a plurality of angle members into a rectangular parallelepiped frame shape, and the remaining five surfaces except the bottom surface are covered with the top plate 2 and the side plate 3. The caster 15 is attached to the four corners of the bottom of the frame 1 so as to be movable. Moreover, the processing apparatus A is divided into the processing tank B and the apparatus storage chamber C along the longitudinal direction (left-right direction in the front view). The processing tank B is attached to the frame body 1 with both side plates 4a and 4b welded to the angle member 1a constituting the frame body 1, and the rotary crushing blade unit U is rotatable in the processing tank B. It has a supported configuration.

The rotary crushing blade unit U will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4 and FIG. The rotary drive shaft 21 of the rotary crushing blade unit U passes through the side plates 4a and 4b of the processing tank B and is horizontally supported by bearings 22a and 22b on both side ends. Each of the bearings 22 a and 22 b is supported by an angle member 1 b constituting the frame body 1. One end of the rotary drive shaft 21 enters the device storage chamber C and is also supported by a bearing 22c installed in the device storage chamber C. The bearing 22c is fixed to a central portion along the short direction (front-rear direction in the front view) of the angle member 1c constituting the frame 1, and the central portion of the angle member 1c is supported by an upright angle member 1d. It is reinforced from below. A large number of rotary crushing blades 23 are attached to the rotary drive shaft 21 via attachment cylinders 25 at regular intervals along the axial direction and with a phase shift of 90 ° along the rotational direction. As shown in FIG. 9, the rotary pulverizing blade 23 is configured such that the pulverizing blade body 23b is fixed to the front side along the rotation direction P of the mounting plate portion 23a, and the balance plate portion 23c is disposed behind the mounting plate portion 23a. Is fixed.
Furthermore the shape of the pulverizing blade body 23b is greater blade width h _1, it has been formed to be smaller blade width h ₂ of the tip side, yet the site of the rotary drive shaft 21 closer, the maximum blade width From the dimension h, it is shaped so as to converge smoothly on the rotary drive shaft 21 side in an arc shape.
Among the rotary pulverization blades 23, deposits on the inner side surfaces of the side plates 4 a and 4 b constituting the treatment tank B are removed at the tip portions of the rotary pulverization blades 23 attached to both ends in the axial direction of the treatment tank B. A scraper plate 26 is attached to enable it. Further, the bones contained in the workpiece S are ground between the bottom plate 5 of the processing tank B and finely crushed at the tip of each rotary crushing blade 23 attached at a position other than both ends in the axial direction. A polishing tool 24 having a substantially circular cross section for fixing is fixed.

Next, the processing tank B and the fixed crushing blade 7 attached to the inner peripheral surface of the processing tank B will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 5 to 8. As shown in FIG. 3, the lower half of the processing tank B is composed of a bottom plate 5 having a semicircular cross section, and a sheet-type heater 8 is attached to the outer peripheral surface of the bottom plate 5 in a circular arc shape. It is attached. On the inner peripheral surface of the bottom plate 5 excluding the bottom 5a, a large number of fixed pulverizing blades 7 are arranged along the axial direction of the rotary drive shaft 21 at positions where they do not interfere with the rotary pulverization blades 23. And are integrally attached by welding at predetermined intervals along both directions. Further, in a state where the inner peripheral surface of the bottom plate 5 is developed along the rotation direction P of the rotary crushing blade 23, the fixed crushing blades 7 are all arranged in a staggered manner in the same direction. The pitch of the fixed crushing blades 7 arranged at the position farthest from the bottom 5a of the bottom plate 5 is halved and densely arranged. Here, the shape of the fixed crushing blade 7 will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 8, the fixed crushing blade 7 is cut to a predetermined width at an angle θ ₀ inclined by 45 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction in a state where the orthogonal portion of the angle member 51 having an L-shaped cross section is directly above. As shown in FIGS. 5 to 7, the fixed crushing blade 7 has an irregular L shape in which the blade plate portion 7b is substantially orthogonal to the fixed plate portion 7a. Therefore, the end surface 7b ₁ located on the front side along the rotation direction P of the blade plate portion 7b is in inclined obliquely forwardly downwardly hand at an angle θ with respect to the plate surface 7a ₂ of the fixing plate portion 7a . The fixed crushing blade 7 is fixed to the bottom plate 5 so that the plate surface 7b ₂ of the blade plate portion 7b is orthogonal to the axial direction of the rotary drive shaft 21, and the fixed plate portion of the fixed crushing blade 7 is fixed. 7 a, the end surface 7 a ₁ positioned on the near side along the rotation direction P of the rotary pulverization blade 23 moves the workpiece S in contact with the end surface to the blade plate portion 7 b side by the rotation of the rotary pulverization blade 23. Thus, the workpiece S can be efficiently pulverized between the end surface 7b ₁ located on the near side along the rotation direction P of the blade plate portion 7b and the pulverization blade body 23b of the rotary pulverization blade 23. Thus, it is inclined with respect to the axis of the rotational drive shaft 21. In FIG. 6, for comparison with the shape of the fixed crushing blade 7, a simple cut made to a predetermined width along the short direction with the orthogonal part of the angle member 51 being directly above. An L-shaped member is indicated by a two-dot chain line. Moreover, in the center part along the longitudinal direction of the processing tank B, it is a position slightly higher than the bottom-most part 5a of the baseplate 5, and also in the part between the adjacent fixed crushing blades 7, the process of the to-be-processed object S is carried out. The detection part of the temperature sensor 9 which detects the temperature in the processing tank B in the inside is attached with the form which faced inside slightly.

  Next, the device storage chamber C and the devices arranged in the device storage chamber C will be described with reference to FIGS. In the equipment storage chamber C, a drive motor 31 that drives the rotary drive shaft 21 of the rotary crushing blade unit U, a blower 32 for sending high-temperature hot air into the processing bath B, and the intermittent blower 32 depending on the temperature in the processing bath B A control panel 33 for controlling operation and the like is housed. A chain gear 34 attached to the drive shaft 31 a of the drive motor 31 and a chain gear 35 attached to one end of the rotary drive shaft 21 are connected by an endless chain 36. Further, the air supply pipe 32a of the blower 32 penetrates the side plate 4b of the processing tank B and enters the processing tank B from the hot air inflow hole 6, and the intake pipe 32b of the blower 32 is connected to the hot air generating device H. The hot hot air W generated by the hot air generator H is sucked and sent into the processing tank B.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 1, in the top plate 2 of the processing apparatus A, an input port 12 for the processing object S that can be closed by the cover plate 11 is formed on the front front side, and is formed on the side plate 4 b of the processing tank B. An exhaust cylinder 13 for exhausting an air stream containing water vapor and gas components generated from the biological waste 41 of the object to be processed S in the processing tank B is provided in a portion farthest from the hot air inflow hole 6. ing. Further, on the side surface of the processing apparatus A, the side plate 3 that covers the side surface on the equipment storage chamber C side is a removable inspection door 3a, and the side plate that covers the opposite side of the inspection door 3a, that is, the side surface on the processing tank B side. 3b is provided with an outlet 14 for an object to be processed S ′ (hereinafter referred to as “processed object to be processed”) that has been crushed and fermented to be fertilized. In addition, the code | symbol 11a in a figure is a handle for opening and closing the cover board 11, and the code | symbol 14a is an outlet cover which covers the circumference | surroundings of the said outlet 14. FIG. Further, the processing apparatus A has a built-in timer for automatically terminating the operation when the operation time has elapsed, and a safety device for stopping the operation when the cover plate 11 is opened during the operation of the processing apparatus A. (Both not shown).

  Next, the fermentation process of the biological waste 41 that is the workpiece S will be described. The treatment tank B of the treatment apparatus A is mainly composed of biological waste 41 of waste chickens, semi-carbonized wood chips 42 as a moisture adjusting material, and actinomyces actinomycetes that are aerobic bacteria. The high temperature resistant bacteria 43 are introduced, and these mixtures are treated as S to be processed, and the high temperature resistant bacteria 43 is fermented to fertilize (compost). Fermentation here refers to aerobic fermentation, which means that organic substances constituting biological waste 41 and the like are aerobically decomposed and reduced in molecular weight by metabolism of aerobic bacteria. Fertilizer (composting) does not completely decompose the organic matter, but decomposes easily decomposable organic matter to reduce its molecular weight, and keeps persistent organic matter in the state of remaining “intermediate decomposition product”. The processed material S ′ that has been fertilized is a high-quality organic material because the low molecular weight inorganic material (fertilizer component) and the remaining organic material are supplied to the soil in a well-balanced manner. In order to sufficiently activate the thermotolerant bacteria 43, which are the aerobic bacteria, and to ferment the object to be processed S, the nutrient source of the thermotolerant bacteria 43, that is, the presence of organic matter to be decomposed as an energy source, moderate Temperature, moisture content, and oxygen (air) content are required, and the environment in the treatment tank B must be arranged so that the above conditions are met. Hereinafter, each condition will be described.

  First, regarding the presence of organic matter as an energy source, since the biological waste 41 is waste chicken, easily degradable organic matter such as sugar, protein, carbohydrate and lipid constituting them is the high temperature resistant bacteria. Has become the main source of nutrition. Next, as for the temperature condition, since the high-temperature-resistant bacteria 43 mainly composed of Actinomyces actinomycetes are used as aerobic bacteria, fermentation is performed even when the temperature in the processing tank B reaches as high as 90 ° C to 120 ° C. The temperature requirement for is satisfied. When the temperature is higher than 120 ° C., the high temperature resistant bacteria 43 is inactivated due to a high temperature, the water in the processing tank B evaporates, and an appropriate amount of water cannot be maintained. When the temperature is lower than 90 ° C., the high temperature resistant bacteria 43 can be kept in an active state. However, since the sterilizing effect of various germs and the like is reduced, the biological waste 41 is decomposed and spoiled by the various germs. It is not suitable because of bad odor and deterioration of the quality of the processed material S ′ as fertilizer. In addition, about the temperature setting in the processing tank B, it is 90 degreeC to 120 degree | times according to the volume amount (weight) of the biological waste 41 thrown in in the processing tank B, the intended purpose of the processed to-be-processed object S ', etc. Within the temperature range of ° C., the user can freely set the processing apparatus A at the start of operation.

About an appropriate amount of water, since the semi-carbonized wood chip 42 is used as a moisture adjusting material, the amount of water in which the high-temperature resistant bacteria 43 can be activated is maintained in the processing tank B. That is, if the amount of water in the object to be processed S in the treatment tank B is too large, the air permeability is deteriorated, so the aerobic condition is not satisfied and the fermentation is poor. A moderate amount must be maintained. In the present invention, as a moisture adjusting material, wood such as cedar and straw is chopped into pieces having a length of 3 mm to 15 mm, a width of 1 mm to 3 mm, and a thickness of 2 mm to 5 mm. A semi-carbonized wood chip 42 obtained by performing a treatment for 30 minutes to 120 minutes under a water vapor condition of a pressure of 4.9 × 10 ⁵ Pa to 9.8 × 10 ⁵ Pa is used. The reason why the wood chip chip 42 is cut into the above dimensions is that if the size is larger than the above dimension, the total surface area of the wood chip chips 42 that serve as the support portions of the high temperature resistant bacteria 43 is reduced, which is smaller than the above dimensions. In addition, the porosity generated when the wood chip 42 is mixed into the biological waste 41 is reduced, and sufficient air permeability cannot be secured in the object to be treated S, and the high temperature resistant bacteria 43 is sufficiently aerobic. It is because it becomes impossible to ferment. Further, in the chip chip 42 treated in a semi-carbonized state, the microscopic structure is a honeycomb structure in which the cell wall remains as a temperament and the conduit or temporary conduit becomes a macropore, and the inside of the cell wall is also fine. Since the pores are generated, the wood chip 42 is very porous. Further, the semi-carbonized wood chip 42 is excellent in wear resistance, and even if the wood chip 42 is put into the treatment tank B and rotated and stirred together with the biological waste 41, it is immediately crushed into pieces. Instead of being pulverized, the wood chip structure having the porosity is maintained for a long time. Therefore, the wood chip 42 is excellent in water absorption and water retention due to the porosity and the wear resistance, and the processing tank is heated by the hot air W supplied from the heater 8 and the hot air generator H on the outer peripheral surface of the processing tank B. Even if the inside of B becomes high temperature (90 ° C. to 120 ° C.), the moisture content of the workpiece S including the wood chip 42 is kept moderate, and the rate at which the workpiece S is fermented and fertilized. As a result, the moisture in the workpiece S evaporates and decreases, and as a result, a reasonably dry high-quality organic fertilizer is generated. From the above, the wood chip chip 42 has an excellent moisture control function.

  Here, advantages other than the moisture adjustment function of the wood chip chip 42 will be described. First, as described above, the air permeability in the workpiece S is increased by mixing the wood chip chip 42 with the biological waste 41. Next, due to the porosity of the chip chip 42, the gas molecule adsorbability is high, and adsorbs odor component molecules such as ammonia and sulfide generated in the fermentation process of the biological waste 41. Therefore, by using the wood chip chip 42, it is possible to suppress malodor generated during fermentation of the biological waste 41. In addition, since the wood chip chip 42 is in a semi-carbonized state, the oil production and the like that inhibit the growth of the high temperature resistant bacteria 43 are volatilized from the wood, and germs such as decaying bacteria attached to the wood chip chip 42 are sterilized. Has been. For this reason, even if the semi-carbonized wood chip 42 is added to and mixed with the biological waste 41, unnecessary germs are not given to the biological waste 41. Is not decomposed to produce a foul odor or rot. Conventionally, when composting chicken manure, etc., sawdust has been added in order to increase the air permeability in the chicken manure and promote fermentation. However, since the components of sawdust, such as cellulose and lignin, are hardly decomposable organic matter, the fermentation degradation is reduced, and when the produced compost is used, the fermentation decomposition of the hardly decomposable organic matter proceeds in the soil. As a result, oxygen in the soil is consumed, which causes inconveniences such as obstructing plant root respiration. However, since the wood chip 42 has already been processed to a semi-carbonized state, there is almost no decrease in the fermentation processing speed in the processing tank B, and when the processed workpiece S ′ is used, Fermentative degradation of the hardly decomposable organic matter in the soil is very slow and the adverse effect on the plant is considered to be very small. When the wood chip 42 is used, a high-quality organic fertilizer can be generated.

  Next, the amount of oxygen (air) necessary for the high temperature resistant bacteria 43 to sufficiently ferment the biological waste 41 will be described. First, by using the wood chip 42 that has been cut into pieces as described above, the porosity in the object to be processed S is increased and the air permeability is increased, so that oxygen is supplied to the high temperature resistant bacteria 43. Next, during the operation of the processing apparatus A by the rotary pulverization blade unit U, the rotary pulverization blade 23 rotates in the processing tank B and stirs the workpiece S, so that the biological waste 41 is treated. The workpiece S collides with the fixed crushing blade 7 fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the tank B, and the object to be processed S fully contacts the air over the details. Thereby, since oxygen is sufficiently supplied to the high temperature resistant bacteria 43 present in the object to be treated S, the high temperature resistant bacteria 43 performs aerobic fermentation, and the biological waste in the object to be processed S 41 is disassembled. Moreover, since the high temperature hot air W produced by the hot air generator H is introduced into the processing tank B from the hot air inflow hole 6, the high temperature resistant bacteria 43 performs aerobic fermentation and oxygen in the processing tank B is obtained. Even when consumed, the high-temperature hot air W heated to a high temperature by taking in the outside air contains a sufficient amount of oxygen, so that an appropriate amount of oxygen is supplied into the treatment tank B, and the high temperature Resistant bacteria 43 are not exposed to anaerobic conditions. Therefore, the decomposition of the biological waste 41 does not stop in the middle due to lack of oxygen, and it does not generate an odor due to insufficient decomposition.

  As mentioned above, since each said condition for the high temperature resistant microbe 43 to ferment the biological waste 41 is satisfy | filled in the processing tank B, when the driving | operation of the processing apparatus A is started, in the processing tank B, the said high temperature As a result of the resistant bacteria 43 sufficiently fermenting the biological waste 41 and the moisture being removed moderately, a moderately dried treated workpiece S ′ is generated. The treated workpiece S 'is a high-quality organic fertilizer that contains a large amount of fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium essential for plant growth. In addition, compared to fermented chicken manure, the processed workpiece S ′ contains a lot of calcium because it contains the bones of the waste chicken that is the biological waste 41 and contains the feathers of the waste chicken. It contains a lot of nitrogen.

Next, an operation method of the processing apparatus A will be described. First, on the first day of the start of use of the processing apparatus A, the cover plate 11 of the processing apparatus A is opened, the semi-carbonized wood chip 42 of about 40% of the effective processing capacity of the processing tank B, and the effective processing capacity of 0.1 m. 1 kg of high temperature resistant bacteria 43 per ³ is put into the processing tank B. As for the input amount of biological waste 41 (waste chicken), the input amount is suppressed to about 70% of the input amount during normal continuous operation in order to activate the thermotolerant bacteria 43 for about one week from the first day of use. Then, the biological waste 41 is additionally charged every day and the processing apparatus A is continuously operated. This work is called initial work. After the initial work period of about one week has elapsed, a predetermined amount of biological waste 41 (waste chicken) is additionally charged into the processing tank B, and the processing apparatus A is normally continuously operated. In this embodiment, a treatment tank B having an effective treatment capacity of 0.7 m ³ is used, and during the normal continuous operation, 50 biological wastes 41 (waste chickens) are put on the normal operation start date ( After 30 days (corresponding to approximately 30% of the effective processing capacity), 30 birds (corresponding to 18% to 20% of the effective processing capacity) are added every day. This work is called normal work. Since the continuous operation of the processing apparatus A in the initial work is the same as the normal continuous operation of the processing apparatus A in the normal work, the normal continuous operation of the processing apparatus A in the normal work will be described below. Usually, 50 biological wastes 41 are thrown into the processing tank B in the form of addition to the processed object S ′ already generated in the processing tank B by the initial operation on the start date of the continuous operation. The lid plate 11 is closed. Next, in consideration of the capacity of the processing object S put into the processing tank B, the outside air temperature, the use of the processed processing object S ′, etc., the temperature in the processing tank B (normally 90 ° C., the upper limit is About 120 ° C.). The processing time of the biological waste 41 (operation time of the processing apparatus A) is set, and the start switch is pressed to start the operation of the processing apparatus A. When the operation of the processing apparatus A is started, the heater 8 attached to the outer peripheral surface of the bottom plate 5 of the processing tank B is activated to start heating the bottom plate 5, and at the same time, the hot air generator H is also activated. High temperature hot air W is generated from air taken in from outside air. The hot hot air W is sucked from the intake pipe 32b of the blower 32, passes through the air supply pipe 32a of the blower 32, and is introduced into the processing tank B from the hot air inlet 6 formed in the side plate 4b of the processing tank B. The temperature in the processing tank B rises due to the heater 8 and the high-temperature hot air W. When the set temperature is 90 ° C., the surface temperature in the processing tank B reaches the set temperature in about 20 minutes, and the temperature in the center of the processing tank B reaches about the set temperature in about 4 hours. Further, when the hot air generator H is operated, the temperature of the central portion in the processing tank B reaches in about 2 hours. After reaching the set temperature, the temperature is controlled and the set temperature is maintained. On the other hand, when the operation of the processing apparatus A is started, the drive motor 31 stored in the equipment storage chamber C of the processing apparatus A starts to operate, and the chain gear 34 attached to the drive shaft 31a of the drive motor 31 is moved. The chain gear 35 connected with the chain gear 34 and the endless chain 36 rotates. Since the chain gear 35 is attached to one end of the rotary drive shaft 21 of the rotary pulverization blade unit U, the rotary drive shaft 21 also rotates, and a plurality of rotary pulverization blades attached to the rotary drive shaft 21. 23 rotates at a low speed in the processing tank B along the rotation direction P.

Next, the process of pulverizing and stirring the workpiece S will be described with reference to FIGS. 3, 5, and 10. FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of the grinding action of the rotary crushing blade 23. When the rotary pulverization blade 23 rotates in the processing tank B along the rotation direction P, the workpiece S starts to rotate with the rotary pulverization blade 23 along the inner peripheral surface of the bottom plate 5 of the processing tank B. At this time, the workpiece S collides with the end surface 7b ₁ on the near side in the rotational direction P of the blade plate portion 7b of the fixed crushing blade 7 integrally attached to the inner peripheral surface of the bottom plate 5, and the workpiece The object S is cut between the end face 7b ₁ and the grinding blade body 23b of the rotary grinding blade 23. Since each rotary crushing blade 23 is attached to the rotary drive shaft 21 at a predetermined interval with the phase shifted by 90 ° along the rotation direction P, the workpiece S is efficiently end surfaces of the blade plate portion 7b. It collides with 7b ₁ and is cut and crushed. Since the fixed crushing blades 7 are arranged in a staggered manner in the developed state along the rotation direction P of the bottom plate 5, the workpiece S is dispersed and collides with the many fixed crushing blades 7. Furthermore, the rotational resistance of each rotary pulverization blade 23 becomes uniform, and the workpiece S can be cut and pulverized smoothly. Further, even when the cutting of the workpiece S is repeated and the cut piece of the workpiece S becomes small to some extent, the end surface 7a ₁ on the near side with respect to the rotation direction P in the fixed plate portion 7a of the fixed crushing blade 7. However, since it is inclined with respect to the axis of the rotational drive shaft 21, the cut piece of the object to be processed S moves from the distal end portion to the proximal end portion of the end face 7a _{1 as} the rotary crushing blade 23 rotates. Since the blade plate 7b is moved toward the blade plate portion 7b while sequentially contacting, the frequency of cutting and crushing at the end surface 7b ₁ of the blade plate portion 7b can be increased. Meanwhile, the end surface 7b _1, the because of the inclined obliquely forwardly downwardly hand at 45 ° angle with respect to the plate surface 7a ₂ of the fixing plate portion 7a, with the rotation of the rotary grinding blade 23, the object to be processed since S is sequentially abuts to the tip portion from the end surface 7b ₁ of the proximal end portion, said end surface 7b ₁ is perpendicular to the plate surface 7a _2, the object to be processed is brought to the end face 7b ₁ all at once Compared with the case where it contacts, the to-be-processed object S can be cut | disconnected more smoothly. Further, when the end surface 7a ₁ of the fixed plate portion 7a is parallel to the axis of the rotary drive shaft 21, and the end surface 7b ₁ of the blade plate portion 7b is perpendicular to the plate surface 7a ₂ of the fixed plate portion 7a. The workpiece S collides with the end faces 7a ₁ and 7b ₁ of the fixed crushing blade 7 at a time, so that the impact force is large, but the end faces 7a ₁ and 7b ₁ are inclined and tilted forward as described above. Therefore, the collision force with which the workpiece S collides with the fixed crushing blade 7 is alleviated, and the fixed crushing blade 7 welded and fixed to the bottom plate 5 does not come off. Further, a number of fixed crushing blades 7 in the processing tank B are rotated when the rotary crushing blades 23 rotate because the fixed plate portions 7a are all arranged in the same direction in the developed state of the bottom plate 5. When the crushing blade 23 rotates upward while lifting the workpiece S from the bottom 5a of the bottom plate 5, the fixed plate portion 7a and the end surface 7b _{1 in} which the end surface 7a ₁ of the fixed crushing blade 7 is inclined are formed. The workpiece S is smoothly and efficiently pulverized by the forwardly inclined blade plate portion 7b. At the same time, the in rotary grinding blade 23 rotates downward toward the upper side in the bottommost portion 5a, the object to be processed S is on the end face 7a ₁ of the stationary plate part 7a, or of the blade plate portion 7b also abuts on the plate surface 7b _2, the end faces 7a ₁ of the stationary plate part 7a is inclined, since the end face 7b ₁ of the blade plate portion 7b are inclined obliquely forwardly downwards hand, the object to be treated S Slides down to the bottom 5a without accumulating on the end surface 7a ₁ or the plate surface 7b ₂ . For this reason, the object to be processed S does not collect on the fixed crushing blade 7 but easily collects at the bottom 5a, and is uniformly pulverized and becomes finer. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 10, a polishing tool 24 having a substantially circular cross section is fixed to the tip of the mounting plate portion 23a of each rotary crushing blade 23 at a position other than both ends in the axial direction. When the grinding tool 24 slides on the inner peripheral surface of the bottom plate 5 as each rotary grinding blade 23 rotates, the bone in the biological waste 41 is fragmented to some extent. It is difficult to pulverize even more with only 23, but the bones are ground between the grinding tool 24 and the inner sliding surface of the bottom plate 5, so that the workpiece S is more It will become even finer. Note that the deposits on the side plates 4a and 4b of the processing tank B that are attached when the rotary crushing blades 23 are rotating are scraper plates attached to the front ends of the rotary crushing blades 23 at both ends in the axial direction. 26 is removed by rotation. The fixed crushing blade 7 that is farthest from the bottom 5a, that is, located at the highest position in the processing tank B is rotated by the rotary crushing blade 23 by being arranged at a dense pitch. The processed object S is lifted above the lower half of the processing tank B as it rotates, and the processed object S adheres to the upper part of the processing tank B or the back surface of the cover plate 11 of the processing apparatus A. Is preventing. In order to enhance the prevention effect, the size of the blade plate portion 7b of the fixed crushing blade 7 arranged at the position may be increased.

  As described above, in the processing tank B maintained at a high temperature (about 90 ° C. to about 120 ° C.), the rotary crushing blades 23 are rotated in the rotation direction P by the low-speed rotation of the rotary drive shaft 21. While being rotated and rotated around, it is caught by each fixed crushing blade 7 provided on the bottom plate 5 and gradually cut and crushed, and by a grinder 24 at the tip of each rotary crushing blade 23. It is crushed and becomes finer.

While the object to be treated S is cut and pulverized by the rotary pulverization blade 23 and the fixed pulverizing blade 7, the biological waste 41 in the object to be treated S is subjected to aerobic fermentation by the high temperature resistant bacteria 43 and decomposed. It will be done. The air current consisting of water vapor in the treatment tank B and a gas molecule of ammonia or sulfur compound slightly generated by decomposition of a part of nitrogen or sulfur contained in the biological waste 41 is the top of the treatment apparatus A. The gas is exhausted from an exhaust cylinder 13 formed on the plate 2. It takes about 48 hours to ferment the biological waste 41 of a single input amount to a high-quality organic fertilizer. However, when 24 hours have elapsed, the processed waste S ′ in the processing tank B is not processed. The total amount is about 40% of the effective processing capacity (about 0.3 m ^{3 in} this embodiment), and becomes 10% of the effective processing capacity after 48 hours (about 0.07 m ^{3 in} this embodiment). When the biological waste 41 that has been initially charged is treated for 24 hours, a predetermined amount of new biological waste 41 is additionally charged into the treatment tank B. On the next day, a new biological waste 41 having the same amount as the predetermined amount is added to the treatment tank B. As described above, while the processing apparatus A is continuously operated, the addition of new biological waste 41 is repeated every day, and the biological waste 41 is processed. As a result, the input biological waste 41 is reduced by processing to become a processed object S ′. However, a new amount of biological waste 41 is added to the treatment tank B by a certain amount every day. Therefore, the total amount of the processed workpiece S ′ in the processing tank B gradually increases. When the amount of the processed workpiece S ′ increases and reaches a height of about 50 mm downward from the uppermost end of the rotary crushing blade 23 that extends directly from the rotary drive shaft 21 in the processing tank B, the side plate of the processing apparatus A Open the outlet 14 provided at the lower end of 3b, and use the take-out tool or the like with a long handle to remove the processed object S 'accumulated in the processing tank B from the bottom 5a of the bottom plate 5. It is taken out from the take-out port 14 so as to be scraped out. At this time, instead of taking out all of the processed workpiece S ′ from the processing tank B, about 30% of the effective processing amount of the processing tank B (about 0.2 m ^{3 in} this embodiment) is left as a return fertilizer. It is good to leave. The taken out processed object S ′ is cooled by cooling. The volume of the processed workpiece S ′ taken out is about 30% of the effective processing capacity, that is, about 0.2 m ³ in this embodiment, and the specific gravity of the processed workpiece S ′ is 0.8. Therefore, the weight of the processed workpiece S ′ taken out is about 200 kg. After taking out the treated object S ′, 50 biological wastes 41 are newly introduced, and 30 additional birds are introduced on the next day, and the above processing steps are repeated. In addition, when processing apparatus A is normally continuously operated, if the setting is set to continuous operation, it is possible to continue the treatment of biological waste 41 introduced every day without stopping the operation. However, the safety device is activated and the operation is stopped while the cover plate 11 is open, for example, when a new biological waste 41 is introduced into the processing tank B from the inlet 12.

The waste chicken processing was performed using the processing apparatus A. The processing contents will be described below. First, regarding the apparatus specifications of the processing apparatus A, the dimensions are 1900 mm in width, 1100 mm in depth, 1100 mm in height, the effective processing capacity of the processing tank B is 0.7 m ³ , the power of the motor 31 is 0.75 kW, and the power of the heater 8. Is 2.1 kW, and the power source is an AC voltage of 200V. As the hot air generator H, “TSK-31B” manufactured by Takenet Seisakusho was used. 50 waste chickens as biological waste 41 (about 30% of the effective treatment capacity of treatment tank B), and thermotolerant fungi 43 mainly composed of actinomyces actinomycetes 7.0 kg of commercially available “Serizawa bacteria B101”), wood chip 42 (length 3 mm to 15 mm, width 1 mm to 3 mm, thickness 2 mm to 5 mm, cedar wood pieces, temperature 150 ° C., pressure 6 the .9 × 10 ⁵ that treated for 40 minutes with steam conditions of Pa) 0.3 m ³ (about 40% of the effective processing capacity of the processing tank B) were placed in a treatment tank B. The processing time of the processing apparatus A was set to 48 hours, the temperature in the processing tank B was set to 90 ° C., the start switch was pushed, and the operation of the processing apparatus A was started. After 48 hours from the start of operation of the processing apparatus A, the processed workpiece S ′ generated from the outlet 14 of the processing apparatus A was taken out and allowed to cool. Usually, as described above, the processing apparatus A is continuously operated and a predetermined amount of waste chicken is added every day to perform the waste chicken processing. In this embodiment, the first day of use of the processing apparatus A in the initial work is set. Assuming that the high-temperature resistant bacteria 43 and the wood chip 42 are put into the treatment tank B in predetermined amounts. In addition, the input amount of the waste chicken of the biological waste 41 was set to 50 on the assumption of the normal operation start date in the normal operation.

As a result of the waste chicken treatment, the production amount of the treated workpiece S ′ was about 0.07 m ³ and about 70 kg. When component analysis was performed on the treated workpiece S ′, nitrogen (N) 6.6%, phosphoric acid (diphosphorus pentoxide; P ₂ O ₅ ) 4.6%, potassium (potassium oxide; K ₂₎ O) 1.4%, zinc (Zn) 120 mg / kg, lime (calcium oxide; CaO) 3.7%, moisture 20.6%, carbon ratio (C / N) 7.55 were obtained. (Note that the nitrogen and carbon ratios are determined by the dry combustion method, otherwise the fertilizer analysis method.) From the above component analysis results, the treated material S ′ is nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, which are indispensable for plant growth. It was found to be a high-quality organic fertilizer containing a large amount of fertilizer components such as. Further, compared with fermented chicken manure, the treated material S ′ contains a lot of calcium because it contains bones of waste chicken, and also contains nitrogen of waste chicken because it contains wings of waste chicken. It was found that many were included.

1 is an overall perspective view of a processing apparatus A. FIG. It is front sectional drawing of the processing apparatus A. FIG. FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line XX in FIG. 2. It is a right view of the state which removed the side plate. FIG. 4 is a development view showing the arrangement of a number of fixed crushing blades 7 fixed to the bottom plate 5 of the processing tank B. 3 is a perspective view of a fixed pulverizing blade 7 fixed to a bottom plate 5 of a processing tank B. FIG. (A) is a front view of the fixed crushing blade 7. (B) is a right side view of the fixed crushing blade 7. It is a top view which shows the state cut | disconnected by angle (theta) ₀ inclined 45 degrees with respect to the longitudinal direction in the state which made the orthogonal | vertical part of the angle material 51 of L-shaped cross section right above. 3 is a perspective view of a rotary pulverization blade 23. FIG. It is explanatory drawing of the grinding action of the rotary crushing blade | wing 23. FIG.

A: Biological waste treatment equipment (treatment equipment)
B: Processing tank
h : Blade width dimension
h ₁ : Blade width dimension (on the rotary drive shaft side)
h ₂ :( tip side) blade width P: rotation direction of the rotary grinding blade S: processing object U: rotary grinding blade unit W: hot hot 5: bottom plate 7: Fixed pulverizing blade 7a: fixing plate portion 7a _1: End surface 7a _{2 of the} front fixed plate portion along the rotational direction 7a ₂ : Plate surface of the fixed plate portion 7b: Blade plate portion 7b ₁ : End surface of the front blade plate portion along the rotational direction 21: Rotation drive shaft 23: Rotating and crushing blade 24: Grinding tool 41: Biological waste 42: Wood chip 43: Thermotolerant bacteria (aerobic bacteria)

Claims (6)

Rotary grinding blades of double several are attached to a rotary drive shaft rotating grinding blade unit is disposed in the processing bath, a hot hot air while rotating grinding biological waste waste chicken and the like as an object to be treated A biological waste treatment apparatus for fermenting the biological waste by the action of aerobic bacteria,
A semicircular cross section of the bottom plate constituting the processing tank, a fixed milling blade multiple orthogonal to the axis of the blade plate portion said rotary drive shaft is mounted, et al is, the fixed grinding blade, the processing The fixed plate portion fixed to the bottom plate of the tank and the blade plate portion standing up from the fixed plate portion, and the end surface located on the near side along the rotation direction of the rotary pulverization blade in the fixed plate portion, The workpiece to be in contact with the end face is inclined with respect to the axis of the rotary drive shaft so that the workpiece is moved to the blade plate portion by the rotation of the rotary pulverization blade, and the rotation direction of the rotary pulverization blade in the blade plate portion The end surface located on the near side along the side is inclined forwardly downward with respect to the plate surface of the fixed plate portion,
Further, the rotary pulverization blade has a blade width dimension of the pulverizing blade body formed so that the rotary drive shaft side is large and the tip side is small . The bottom plate fixed fixed crushing blade multiple to the processing tank, the processing unit of biological waste according to claim 1, characterized in that are arranged in a zigzag pattern in the deployed state. The rotary grinding blades, the claims, characterized in that substantially circular section grinding crushed tool for grinding the workpiece which has been ground in between the bottom plate surface of the processing tank to the tip portion is provided 1 Or the biological waste processing apparatus of 2. In fermenting the biological waste, the biological waste is put into the treatment tank, aerobic bacteria and a moisture adjusting material are added, mixed, and then the temperature in the treatment tank is increased by blowing high-temperature hot air. While maintaining the temperature at 90 ° C. to 120 ° C., the mixture of the biological waste, aerobic bacteria, and the moisture adjusting material is subjected to fermentation treatment while rotating and stirring with the action of the fixed grinding blade and the rotary grinding blade. 4. The biological waste treatment apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the biological waste is fertilized. The aerobic bacteria, the processing unit of the biological waste according to claim 4, characterized in that the high-temperature-resistant bacteria mainly of actinomycetes actinomycetes. The moisture adjusting material is a wood chip having a length of 3 mm to 15 mm, a width of 1 mm to 3 mm, and a thickness of 2 mm to 5 mm, a temperature of 140 ° C. to 250 ° C., a pressure of 4.9 × 10 ⁵ Pa to 9. 6. The biological waste according to claim 4 or 5, which is a carrier for aerobic bacteria in a semi-carbonized state obtained by treating for 30 to 120 minutes under a steam condition of 8 × 10 ⁵ Pa. Processing equipment .

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