JPH03265588A - Method and device for fermenting organic waste - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To efficiently obtain a fermentation product by charging a crushed org. waste, a water content control agent and a yeast into a fermenter, heating the agitated mixture to an optimum fermentation temp., stopping the agitation and heating, bringing the mixture into contact with CO2 for a specified time, fermenting the mixture and finally drying the fermentation product. CONSTITUTION:The org. waste from chickens, etc., is crushed to such a size that the crushed material is not fluidized in fermentation. The crushed material, a water content control agent and a yeast are charged into a fermenter 1. The mixture is agitated by an impeller 3 and heated to an optimum fermentation temp. The agitation and heating are then stopped, the mixture is brought into contact with carbon dioxide and then allowed to stand for a specified time. The yeast is propagated in the logarithmic propagation period, and then the mixture is kept at the optimum fermentation temp., agitated, fermented and finally dried to obtain the fermentation product.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Fields] The present invention is directed to fermenting animal wastes such as chicken waste, herbal medicine, and plant wastes such as beer and alcoholic beverages to produce feed and fertilizer. This paper describes a fermentation treatment method and its H storage for obtaining the following.

[Conventional technology] The conventional method for fermenting waste materials such as chicken waste is to remove the feathers of chicken waste one by one before fermentation, and then put them into a fermenter to ferment the moisture regulator and W# bacteria. The mixture is put into a tank and kept at the optimum temperature for fermentation, mixed and stirred while supplying oxygen with a blower, fermented, and granulated.

However, with this method, the feathers of waste chickens are removed one by one.
Since it is necessary to charge the product and then put it into a fermentation tank for fermentation, there are problems in that it is time-consuming, the fermentation process takes a long time, and the fermentation tends to be incomplete.

In addition, when processing animals such as waste chickens,
There was also the problem that the process leading up to fermentation produced a bad odor, which worsened the environment.

In light of these circumstances, the inventors of the present invention have made extensive studies and have developed a new fermentation process that eliminates the labor and environmental deterioration of fermentation processes that were thought to be unavoidable with conventional methods. This led to the discovery of a method and led to the present invention.

[Invention tries to solve! ! Therefore, the present invention can completely and efficiently solve the problem in a short time.
Moreover, it is an object of the present invention to provide a novel fermentation treatment method for organic waste that can be fermented without deteriorating the environment, and a fermentation treatment apparatus that can efficiently carry out this fermentation method.

[! ! Means for Solving the Problems] In the waste fermentation treatment method of the present invention proposed to achieve the above object, organic waste such as waste chicken can be left as a whole; The waste chicken is crushed coarsely so that it will not become fluid during the subsequent fermentation process.

After such pre-treatment is completed, while maintaining the fermentation tank at the optimum temperature for fermentation, the coarse powder processed material is put into the fermentation tank together with the moisture conditioner and the fermentation tank, and mixed and stirred. Then, stirring and heating are temporarily stopped, and the mixture is left in contact with carbon dioxide for a certain period of time.

This mixing and agitation and contact with carbon dioxide are performed to suppress the growth of fermentation bacteria that cause bad odors and to allow only fermentation bacteria that are beneficial to fermentation to grow in the logarithmic growth phase. After propagating Nabu 11w, a fermentation process is started while stirring the mixture while maintaining the optimum temperature for fermentation, and after completing the fermentation process, it is heated and dried to obtain a granular fermented product.

In the method of the present invention, the fermentation process can be carried out in an almost odorless state, and the resulting fermented product is almost fully fermented, so it is a fertilizer rich in nutritional value. It is used as feed.

In such an inventive method, in order to adapt the waste to optimal fermentation conditions (50-60% moisture, temperature around 40 degrees), bran, bran, l! A moisture regulator such as feces is used, but since animal waste generally has a water content of 70%, and livestock manure and organic sludge generally have a moisture content of 80 to 90%, a large amount of the moisture regulator is used. In this case, general fermentation bacteria such as yeast and biofood are used.

Furthermore, the present inventors have also confirmed that adding Bakhanite to the mixture during the fermentation process is particularly desirable in terms of improving fermentation efficiency.

The fermentation treatment method for waste of the present invention proposed in claim 2 is the method for fermentation treatment of organic waste according to claim 1, which includes a step of primary fermentation while stirring the mixture in the logarithmic growth phase of 111i. Furthermore, a step of forcibly stopping the progress of secondary fermentation by heating is added before the transition from primary fermentation to secondary fermentation.

In this way, the claims! When carrying out the method of the present invention proposed in , the organic fermented product rich in nutritional value obtained by completing fermentation in the fermenter will naturally transition to secondary fermentation after completing secondary fermentation. Since it is possible to effectively prevent the fermentation process from becoming an inorganic fermented product, the fermentation treatment method of the present invention can be effectively carried out in actual practice.

The fermentation treatment method for waste proposed in claim 3 is provided in claim 3! When the fermented product obtained in steps 2 to 2 is subjected to the fermentation treatment method according to claim 1,
It is characterized by its reduced use as a fermentation accelerator.
By using such a promoter, the fermentation process in the present invention can be carried out more efficiently, and feed and fertilizer rich in nutritional value can be obtained.

Further, claim 4 proposes a fermentation treatment apparatus used for efficiently carrying out the method of the present invention, in which a paddle-shaped stirring blade is rotated along the curved bottom surface of the treatment tank. On top of the fermentation treatment tank, which has a zero-shaped cross section and is attached to a horizontal rotating shaft, is connected a mulchization chamber that stores carbon dioxide generated during mixed fermentation of St-containing waste and W# bacteria, and further The structure is such that a crusher is installed above the fermentation tank to crush the waste before fermentation.

[Effects] According to the method of the present invention, even when whole chickens are used,
Sufficient fermentation was carried out and a highly nutritious processed product was obtained in a relatively short time; however, according to the inventors' understanding, this effect is thought to be based on the following phenomenon or action. .

As a pre-fermentation step, the waste chicken is crushed to a size that does not become fluid during fermentation, so the feathers can be peeled off naturally, and the meat and feathers can also be damaged. Therefore, since the adhesion area of fermentation bacteria to cells is increased, an environment is naturally created in which fermentation bacteria can easily work.

In addition, when the meat is roughly crushed to this size, cells in the meat pieces are destroyed and body fluids do not flow out, so body fluids and antibacterial substances in body fluids (g stain-protecting substances, such as lysozyme,
Fermenting bacteria will not be killed by complement, apotransferrin, riboproteins, etc., and the growth of fermenting bacteria will not be suppressed.

Such crushing treatment is similarly applied to plant cells, vegetables, etc. other than living organisms.

Crushed organic waste is mixed and stirred with a moisture conditioner and wIM, kept at the lowest temperature for fermentation, mixing and heating are temporarily interrupted, and then brought into contact with carbon dioxide for a certain period of time. Since the fermentation bacteria are left alone, a favorable M retention period environment is created for the fermentation bacteria, and the fermentation bacteria can be exponentially multiplied logarithmically.

In general, the lag phase of the growth phase of fermenting bacteria is the time when the protein synthesis power necessary for division is carried out, and the early stage of the lag phase begins with the synthesis of amino acids necessary for protein synthesis, and for all fermentation bacteria, carbon dioxide,! Two cycles are required, and if there are sudden changes in the outside world during this period, there is a risk that the fermenting bacteria will die. Therefore, in the present invention, the mixing and heating of the mixture is stopped, and the carbon dioxide generated by the fermentation action of the fermenting bacteria is stored in the tank and left in contact with the mixture for a certain period of time. It creates an environment that allows for efficient logarithmic growth.

In addition to storing carbon dioxide generated during fermentation, it may also be prepared separately in a tank and supplied from the tank into the tank.

Further, when contacting with carbon dioxide, it is desirable to mix oxygen, and the oxygen in the mixed gas can suppress the growth of obligate Jllll air bacteria that cause bad odors, making it more odorless.

In addition, if you add Granada to the mixture during the fermentation process,
Fermentation was further promoted and the fermentation processing time was also shortened. This is because the physical properties of granite porphyry are porous and polyhedral, so it exhibits filterability, and the trace elements it contains ionize the solution of the processed material, promoting enzyme reactions during fermentation. I think that the.

In the present invention, enzymes necessary for fermentation are produced by the bacteria themselves, and proteolytic enzymes, glycolytic enzymes, and lipolytic enzymes for the purpose of self-lysis are also released from living cells.
It is thought that these enzymes are acting effectively.

In the present invention described in claim 2, the natural progression from primary fermentation to secondary fermentation is forcibly stopped by heating, but using such a method can further increase the nutritional value of the fermented product. .

This is because - in the second fermentation, proteins turn into amino acids and carbohydrates turn into grapes, but when they are further fermented and ripened, violet turns into ammonia, carbon into carbon dioxide, and even organic acids. This is because the quality of the feed deteriorates, and as a result, the protein and fat content of the feed is reduced. In this case, secondary fermentation refers to a state in which organic matter is decomposed to produce organic matter, and secondary fermentation refers to a state in which organic matter is decomposed to produce inorganic matter.

In the third aspect of the invention, the fermented product obtained by the method of the present invention is reduced and used. Such fermented products contain nutrients that are easily utilized by fermenting bacteria, such as amino acids obtained during fermentation, so that the fermentation process can be further accelerated and the processing time can be shortened.

In addition, because the fermented product has a low moisture content, it also functions as a moisture regulator, making it unnecessary to use moisture regulators such as rice bran, and making it possible to obtain high-purity, high-quality feed and fertilizer without increasing water content. can. Note that the fermented product in this case may of course be used alone or in combination with a moisture regulator such as bran.

In the organic waste fermentation treatment apparatus of the present invention, carbon dioxide generated by mixing organic waste and fermentation bacteria in a treatment tank and fermenting the organic waste is retained in the mulchization chamber and emitted by stirring blades. As a result, sufficient carbon dioxide can be supplied to the fermentation bacteria through the fermentation chamber without subjecting them to sudden changes in the outside world, ensuring a sufficient lag environment that is favorable for the fermentation bacteria and allowing the fermentation process to be carried out efficiently. be able to.

[First example (!N) Crushing/mixing/heating process ■Blend amount A) Waste chicken 185Kg (50 chickens with each chicken weighing 1.7Kg)
1) Moisture conditioner 15Kg (0.3Kg per bird) 3) Fermenting agent (fermenting bacteria) 0.37 to 8 (2Kg per 111,000Kg of waste) ■ First, put the bran and bran into the fermentation treatment tank. Then, the whole waste chicken was put into a crusher and crushed, and then put into the treatment tank, and then the fermentation bacteria were also put into the treatment tank.

By crushing waste chicken, the bone length is 20 mm to 5 mm.
Shredded into pieces of about 0 mm, the skin is torn, and the pieces of meat are about 5 cm long.
It was torn into pieces of about 10 cm, the blades were pulled out, and each coarse piece had small scratches.

In the treatment tank, the mixture is stirred by a stirring blade and a heater until the actual temperature of the mixture reaches 4, which is the optimum fermentation temperature.
It was heated until the temperature was around 2°.

(2) Fermentation process Fermentation was carried out while stirring while maintaining the actual temperature of the mixture at around the optimum fermentation temperature of 42°.

(3) Drying process After completion of fermentation, the mixture was dried in the treatment tank until the moisture content was 10%.

As a result, a granular fermented product was obtained.

[Second Example] The fermentation processing apparatus shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 was invented in order to efficiently carry out the fermentation processing method of the present invention. The fermentation processing apparatus is constructed by integrating a processing tank 1 and a machine room 2. The processing tank 1 is made of a metal plate and has a U-shaped bottom.A stirring blade 3 is installed inside the processing tank 1, and a panel-shaped heater is installed around the outer periphery of the processing tank 1. ■ is provided. The silting chamber 4 is formed above the treatment tank I in communication with it. This mulch-forming cavity 4 is a space in which carbon dioxide generated during fermentation is retained (v, shown surrounded by thick lines in Figures 3 and 4), and a mixture of waste, water conditioner, and fermentation bacteria. This is to bring the gas into contact with carbon dioxide A.

On the other hand, a motor (not shown) and a blower (not shown) are arranged in the machine room 2, and a control panel 6 is attached to the outer wall of the machine room.

The stirring blade 3 is configured in the shape of a paddle, and is connected to the above-mentioned motor so that it rotates forward and reverse around a horizontal rotation shaft 5.

The above-mentioned blower is installed in the partition wall 7 between the processing tank 1 and the machine room 2.
An air blowing lower 1 connected to is formed above the silting chamber 4, and a temperature control sensor 72 protrudes below the horizontal rotation shaft 5 into the material 1 to be treated. An exhaust port 81 is formed in the upper outer wall 8 of the silting chamber 4 .

In addition, a processing material inlet 14 that is closed with an upper lid 13 is formed in the top plate 12 of the mulching chamber 4, and a bottom curved plate 15 of the processing tank l is formed.
The bottom lid! A discharge port 17 is provided which is closed at 6.

A coarse crusher 9 is disposed above the silting chamber 4. This crusher 9 is constructed such that rotary cutters 91 and 92 are housed in two stages, upper and lower, inside a box 95, and are driven to rotate by a coarse crushing motor (not shown). However, a fine rotary cutter 92 is provided at the bottom. At the top and bottom of the box body 95 ~
A waste input hole 96 and a waste drop hole 97 are formed. Further, pinions 93 are attached to both sides of the coarse crusher 9, and the pinions 93 mesh with a rack 94 installed on the top plate 12 of the pulverizing chamber 4.

The processing apparatus configured as described above automatically controls the heater 11, the blower, and the stirring blade 3 using the temperature control sensor 72 and the timer (not shown) when the operation switch on the control panel 6 is turned on. This allows the fermentation process to be carried out fully automatically. In addition, the coarse crusher 9
may be performed under different control.

[Third Example] This method was carried out using the above-mentioned fermentation processing apparatus. (1) Crushing, mixing, and heating step After putting the moisture regulator into the processing tank 1, the pulverizer 9 was moved into the mulchization chamber. 4, the waste chickens are placed above the input port 14 of No. 4, and the waste chickens are placed in the raw materials without change, and while being coarsely crushed by 5 m9, they are allowed to fall from the input port 14 through the mulchization chamber 4 into the processing tank 1, After putting the moisture conditioner into the treatment tank 1, the coarse crusher 9 is positioned above the input port 14 of the thickening chamber 4, and while the waste chicken is being coarsely crushed by the coarse crusher 9, it is transferred from the input port 14 to the thickening chamber. 4 to processing tank 1
Then, the fermentation bacteria were introduced into the treatment tank l, and the inlet 14 was covered with the lid 13. By roughly crushing the waste chickens, the feathers of the waste chickens were peeled off, the feathers, meat, and bones were crushed, and there were many scratches. In the treatment tank 1, the mixture A was stirred by a stirring blade and a heater and heated until the actual temperature of the mixture A reached around the optimum fermentation temperature 42'.

The amount of waste chicken, moisture conditioner and fermentation agent (Hatsu 111i) is as follows:
It was the same as the first embodiment.

(2) After stopping the operation of the stirring blade 3 and heater 11 of the mulch-forming process treatment tank, the mixture A is left in contact with a mixed gas G of carbon dioxide and oxygen as shown in Fig. 4, and the mulch is removed. turned into Incidentally, the carbon dioxide is naturally generated by fermentation when organic waste and fermentation bacteria are mixed and stored in the sludge chamber 4, and the oxygen is supplied from the blower and stored in the sludge chamber 4. It is.

In addition, the leaving time was approximately 2 o'clock when the door was closed. The temperature of the mixture in this step was maintained at 37°C to 40°C, and the heater 11
The processing tank was kept warm with residual heat and fermentation heat while stopped.

In addition, fermentation is progressing in the mulling step (3) Fermentation step Mixture A was stirred with the stirring blade 3 and fermented at an actual temperature of 45'C. For this purpose, the heater 11 was controlled on and off, and when the actual temperature of the mixture A reached 45°C or higher, the blower was operated to cool it while rotating the stirring blades in the normal and reverse directions.

Further, oxygen was supplied into the processing tank 1 from the air blowing lower 1 using the blower, and was discharged from the exhaust port 81.

(4) Drying process Mixing with heater and blower. The actual temperature of IA is 9
The mixture was dried at a high temperature of around 5° until the moisture content of Mixture A became 10%. The stirring blade 3 was rotated forward and backward. After the drying started, the mixture fermented for a while, but gradually turned into a dry state.

(5) Discharge process It was discharged from the outlet at the bottom of the treatment tank 1.

(6) Grinding process It was ground into fine powder using a grinder to improve its palatability as feed.

As described above, the fermentation efficiency was improved by the preliminary crushing, and it was possible to obtain a fermented product in a short time (approximately 20 hours).

[Below, margin] Next, Table 1 shows the analytical test results of the fermented product.

(Table 1) From the results of this analytical test, it was confirmed that the fermented product was excellent as feed and fertilizer.

(Application Example 1) When granite porphyry was added to the mixture, fermentation was further promoted.

(Application example 2) As a moisture regulator! The use of feces accelerated the fermentation and decomposition of the feathers.

II Even if the proportion of feces is used as 10% of the total volume of the mixture,
There were no problems as feed.

[Example 4] In Examples 1 and 3, the mixture was fermented with stirring during the logarithmic growth phase of the W# bacteria, and the fermentation was forcibly stopped by heating before transitioning to secondary fermentation (before full ripening). This further increased the nutritional value of the feed.

In addition, the completion of the second fermentation was determined mainly based on macroscopic findings.

(Application example, 3) In Example 1.3.4, the same result was obtained even if the treatment tank was discharged and then dried! .

[Example 5] By adding the fermented product obtained in Example 1 instead of the moisture regulator in Example 1, fermentation was promoted and it also functioned as a moisture regulator.

[Example 6] By adding the fermented product obtained in Example 1 in place of the moisture regulator in Example 3, fermentation was promoted and it also functioned as a moisture regulator.

[Example 7] By adding the fermented product obtained in Example 1 in place of the moisture regulator in Example 4, fermentation was promoted and it also functioned as a moisture regulator.

[Example 8] By adding the fermented product obtained in Example 3 instead of the moisture regulator in Example 1, fermentation was promoted and it also functioned as a moisture regulator.

[Example 9] By adding the fermented product obtained in Example 3 instead of the moisture regulator in Example 3, fermentation was promoted and it also functioned as a moisture regulator.

[Example 10] By adding the fermented product obtained in Example 3 in place of the moisture regulator in Example 4, fermentation was promoted and it also functioned as a moisture regulator.

[Example 11] By adding the fermented product obtained in Example 4 instead of the moisture regulator in Example 1, fermentation was promoted and it also functioned as a moisture regulator.

[Example 12] By adding the fermented product obtained in Example 4 in place of the moisture regulator in Example 3, fermentation was promoted and it also functioned as a moisture regulator.

[Example 13] By adding the fermented product obtained in Example 4 in place of the moisture regulator in Example 4, fermentation was promoted and it also functioned as a moisture regulator.

(Application example 4) Organic waste other than waste chickens (dead broiler chickens, residue after processing, fish, fish scraps, livestock such as cows and pigs, chicks and roosters, etc.) is applied to the above example. The same result was obtained.

(Application Example 5) The same results were obtained when plant wastes (W& herbal medicines and beer and sake lees) were applied to the above examples.

(Application Example 6) Even when a mixture of organic waste and vegetable waste was applied to the above example, the same results were obtained.

(Application Example 7) The same results were obtained when animal dung and organic sludge were applied to the above example.

(Application example 8) The amount of waste chickens processed at one time is 500 (150K water conditioner)
g, the fermentation agent was 3.7 kg), and the above Example 1.3
Similar results were obtained even when the procedure was carried out in the same manner as in 13.

[Effects] According to the method for fermentation treatment of organic waste of the present invention as set forth in claim 1, it is possible to obtain highly nutritious feed and fertilizer in a short time by inputting whole chickens as they are. can. Furthermore, this method does not generate any bad odor during the fermentation process, so the fermentation process can be carried out without deteriorating the environment.

According to the method for fermentation treatment of organic waste of the present invention as set forth in claim 2, the natural transition from secondary fermentation to secondary fermentation can be effectively stopped, so the present invention can be carried out even more reliably.

According to the method for fermentation treatment of organic waste of the present invention as set forth in claim 3, fermentation decomposition is significantly promoted compared to the case where no fermented product is added. In addition, since the fermented product has a low water content, it also functions as a moisture regulator, making it unnecessary to use moisture regulators such as rice bran, and making it possible to obtain high-purity, high-quality feed and fertilizer without the need for fillers. This can shorten the fermentation time.

According to the fermentation treatment apparatus for organic waste of the present invention as set forth in claim 4, fermentation bacteria are sufficiently multiplied during the treatment process and 1
Fermentation and drying processes according to the method of the present invention can be carried out efficiently in batches.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the first embodiment of the fermentation treatment method for organic waste of the present invention, and FIG. 2 and FIG. A perspective view and a longitudinal sectional view showing an embodiment, and FIG. 4 is a flowchart of an embodiment of the second embodiment of the organic waste fermentation treatment method of the present invention. (Explanation of symbols) 1... Processing tank 3... Stirring blade 4... Multification chamber 9... Crusher

Claims (4)

[Claims] (1) Whole organic waste such as chicken waste is crushed into a size that will not become fluid during the subsequent fermentation process, and the crushed waste is placed in a fermenter together with a moisture regulator and fermentation bacteria. A mixture is obtained by heating to the optimum temperature for fermentation while mixing and stirring, and then the mixture is left in contact with carbon dioxide for a certain period of time to bring the fermentation bacteria into the logarithmic growth phase. 1. A method for fermentation treatment of organic waste, which comprises growing the organic waste in a fermentation medium, fermenting the mixture while stirring the mixture while maintaining an optimum temperature for fermentation, and finally drying the mixture to obtain a fermented product. (2) In the method for fermentation treatment of organic waste according to claim 1, the mixture is subjected to primary fermentation while being stirred, and the mixture is heated before proceeding to secondary fermentation to force the progress of secondary fermentation. A method for fermentation treatment of organic waste, characterized by stopping the process. (3) The fermentation product obtained in the method for fermentation treatment of organic waste according to claim 1 is used as a fermentation promoter and mixed into the crushed waste together with a moisture regulator and fermentation bacteria. 2. The method for fermentation treatment of organic waste according to claim 1, wherein the organic waste is charged into a fermentation tank. (4) In an organic waste fermentation treatment device in which a stirring blade is installed in a processing tank in which organic waste is mixed and fermented, the paddle-shaped stirring blade is rotated along the curved bottom surface of the processing tank. A fermentation tank with a U-shaped cross section attached to a horizontal rotating shaft is coupled with a mulchization chamber that stores carbon dioxide generated during mixed fermentation of organic waste and fermentation bacteria. This fermentation treatment equipment has a structure in which a crusher is installed above the treatment tank to crush waste before fermentation.