JP2002235284A - Flame/smoke-insulating cloth - Google Patents
Flame/smoke-insulating clothInfo
- Publication number
- JP2002235284A JP2002235284A JP2001029605A JP2001029605A JP2002235284A JP 2002235284 A JP2002235284 A JP 2002235284A JP 2001029605 A JP2001029605 A JP 2001029605A JP 2001029605 A JP2001029605 A JP 2001029605A JP 2002235284 A JP2002235284 A JP 2002235284A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- flame
- smoke
- fabric
- weight
- synthetic resin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Landscapes
- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は防火・防煙スクリー
ンなどに好適に使用することができる、優れた遮炎・遮
煙性能を有する布帛、特に建築基準法で要求される防火
・遮煙性能基準を満たす遮炎・遮煙性布帛ならびに同布
帛から構成された耐火スクリーンに関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a cloth which can be suitably used for fire and smoke prevention screens and the like, and which has excellent flame and smoke prevention performance, especially fire and smoke protection performance required by the Building Standards Law. The present invention relates to a flameproof / smokeproof cloth that satisfies a standard and a fireproof screen made of the cloth.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来、防火・防煙シャッターとしては耐
火性、不燃性、遮煙性が要求されるため金属製の鎧戸
（スラット）が主流となっており、これらは火災発生時
に廊下などの開口部を塞ぐために開口部の上方からスラ
ットが垂下するように設置されている。しかしながら火
災時は人々が逃げ場を求めてパニック状況が起こりやす
く、往々にして人々は避難口より避難するのでなく、下
りてきつつあるスラットの下をくぐり抜けようとする場
合もあり、その場合この重いスラットに挟まれて怪我を
し、人命さえも落とすにいたる事故の起こる危険性があ
り、安全性に重大な問題があった。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, fireproof and smokeproof shutters have been required to be fireproof, nonflammable, and smokeproof, and thus metal shutters (slats) have been mainly used. The slats are installed so as to hang down from above the opening to close the opening. However, in the event of a fire, panic situations are likely to occur when people seek an escape, and often people will try to pass under a descending slat rather than evacuate from an evacuation exit, in which case this heavy slat There was a danger of accidents that could lead to injuries and even loss of life, resulting in serious safety problems.
【０００３】そこで、この重い金属スラット部を軽量の
耐火・遮煙材料に置き換える研究開発が近年なされるに
至り、例えばガラス繊維等の無機繊維布帛を基体とする
様々な防火・防煙スクリーンが開発されている。例えば
特開平１１−３２３７３３、特開２０００−１１６８０
８などが公知である。In recent years, research and development have been made to replace this heavy metal slat portion with a lightweight fireproof and smokeproof material. For example, various fireproof and smokeproof screens based on inorganic fiber cloth such as glass fiber have been developed. Have been. For example, JP-A-11-323733, JP-A-2000-11680
8 and the like are known.
【０００４】これらガラス繊維布帛等は巻き上げ、巻き
下げなどに必要な可撓性と柔軟性を失わない程度の高度
の緻密性を有するものが使用されているが、本質的に布
帛である以上通気性とほつれ易さなども有している。そ
のため防火・防煙シャッターに使用するには、通気性を
無くし、糸のほつれ易さなどを解消するために、当該布
帛の少なくとも片面に塩化ビニル樹脂、シリコーン樹
脂、フッ素樹脂などの難燃性樹脂層を施すことが行われ
ている。[0004] These glass fiber cloths and the like are used to have the high degree of denseness that does not lose the flexibility and flexibility required for winding up and down, etc. It also has properties and easy fraying. Therefore, when used for fire and smoke prevention shutters, at least one side of the fabric must be made of a flame-retardant resin such as a vinyl chloride resin, a silicone resin, or a fluororesin in order to eliminate air permeability and eliminate the possibility of yarn fraying. Applying layers has been performed.
【０００５】しかしながら多くの難燃性樹脂には様々な
問題点があることも否めない。例えば塩化ビニル樹脂や
フッ素樹脂の場合、有害な塩化水素ガス、塩素ガス、フ
ッ素ガスなどが発生する問題があるが、他方シリコーン
樹脂の場合も、ガラス繊維布帛、特に二酸化ケイ素含有
量の高いガラス繊維布帛（シリカガラスクロス）の場
合、シリコーン樹脂を塗布した後８００℃以上に加熱す
るとシリカガラス布帛が硬化し（特に風合の点で）、大
幅に収縮し、脆化し、ボロボロになるなど、劣化する欠
点があった。However, it cannot be denied that many flame-retardant resins have various problems. For example, in the case of vinyl chloride resin or fluororesin, there is a problem that harmful hydrogen chloride gas, chlorine gas, fluorine gas, etc. are generated. On the other hand, in the case of silicone resin, glass fiber cloth, especially glass fiber having a high silicon dioxide content, is used. In the case of a cloth (silica glass cloth), when heated to 800 ° C. or higher after applying a silicone resin, the silica glass cloth hardens (especially in terms of feeling), greatly shrinks, becomes brittle, and deteriorates, such as being tattered. There was a drawback to do.
【０００６】本発明出願人は先に、そのような難燃性樹
脂の問題点に鑑みて、シリカガラスクロスを基体とし、
その上に前記問題のある難燃性樹脂以外の他の難燃性樹
脂（窒素、リン含有樹脂）と金属水酸化物との混合物を
介在させることによって、その上にシリコーン樹脂を塗
布してもガラスクロスには上記のような硬化や劣化など
の欠点の見られない、優れた防火性能を発揮する耐火布
帛を発明し、提案した（特開２０００−３５５８７
１）。また、ガラス繊維布帛等の少なくとも片面に難燃
性素材例えば難燃性樹脂と金属水酸化物または鉱物との
混合物等で塗布して通気性を実質的にゼロに近づけるこ
とによって耐火・耐煙効果を有する布帛を提案した（特
願平１１−２６１２３１）。いずれにせよガラスクロス
には何らかの難燃性樹脂を被覆するものであった。[0006] In view of such problems with the flame-retardant resin, the applicant of the present invention has made silica glass cloth as a base,
By interposing a mixture of a flame retardant resin (nitrogen and phosphorus-containing resin) other than the problematic flame retardant resin and a metal hydroxide thereon, a silicone resin may be applied thereon. The inventor of the present invention has proposed and invented a fire-resistant cloth exhibiting excellent fire protection performance without the above-mentioned defects such as curing and deterioration in glass cloth (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-35587).
1). In addition, by applying a flame-retardant material such as a mixture of a flame-retardant resin and a metal hydroxide or a mineral to at least one surface of a glass fiber cloth or the like to make the air permeability substantially close to zero, the fire and smoke resistance effect is obtained. (Japanese Patent Application No. 11-261231). In any case, the glass cloth was coated with some flame-retardant resin.
【０００７】[0007]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は前記発明の一
環として（特に特開２０００−３５５８７１の発明に関
連して）、同じく耐火布帛の改善をさらに追及するなか
で、ガラス繊維クロスに対する何らかの難燃性樹脂の塗
布はたとえ金属水酸化物等の防炎材との共存下でも不可
欠であるとの斯界の技術常識が覆されるに至り、予想外
にも難燃性樹脂を使用しなくとも普通の非難燃性樹脂を
使用して、代りとなる他の手段、工夫を併せて講ずるこ
とで十分耐火性の目的を達成することができることを知
見し、本発明を完成した。従って本発明の目的は防火ス
クリーン等に好適な布帛であって、新建築基準法で要求
する甲種防火性能および遮煙性能を満たすことのできる
実用上優れた遮炎・遮煙性布帛を提供することにある。The present invention, as part of the invention (particularly in connection with the invention of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-355871), has also made some difficulties with glass fiber cloth in the pursuit of further improvements in refractory fabrics. The technical common sense in the art that the application of a flame-retardant resin is indispensable even in the presence of a flameproof material such as a metal hydroxide has been overturned, and even without using a flame-retardant resin unexpectedly. The present inventor has found out that the purpose of fire resistance can be sufficiently achieved by using ordinary non-flame-retardant resin and taking other alternative means and measures together, and completed the present invention. Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a practically excellent flame and smoke shielding cloth which is a cloth suitable for a fire screen or the like, and which can satisfy the class A fire protection performance and the smoke protection performance required by the New Building Standard Law. It is in.
【０００８】[0008]
【課題を解決するための手段】前記目的に適合しうる本
発明の特徴は次の２つの側面に存する。 （１）ガラス繊維クロスの少なくとも片面に、合成樹脂
からなる合成樹脂中間層を介在させて、その上にさらに
シリコーン樹脂の表面塗布層を有してなるガラス繊維ク
ロスを基体とする布帛であって、防火性能として前記布
帛の両面について夫々９３０℃、６０分間加熱時、次の
要件、即ち （i）加熱面の裏面側に発炎を生じないこと、（ii）加
熱により隙間および加熱面の裏面側に達する亀裂を生じ
ないこと、（iii）加熱面の裏面側に著しい発煙を生じ
ないこと、（iv）加熱終了後、重量３ｋｇの砂袋を鉛直
距離５０ｃｍの高さから落下させ衝撃を与えたとき、防
火上有害な破壊、剥離、脱落等を起こさないこと、の４
要件ならびに遮煙性能として、布帛両面について夫々空
気圧を加えたとき、１９．６Ｐａの圧力差における通気
量が０．２ｍ３／ｍ２／ｍｉｎ以下の要件をともに満た
すことを特徴とする遮炎・遮煙性布帛、（２）ガラス繊
維クロスを基体とし、その少なくとも片面に、合成樹脂
と金属水酸化物または鉱物との混合組成物からなる表面
塗布層を有してなる布帛であって、防火性能として前記
布帛の両面について夫々９３０℃、６０分間加熱時、次
の要件、すなわち （i）加熱面の裏面側に発炎を生じないこと、（ii）加
熱により隙間および加熱面の裏面側に達する亀裂を生じ
ないこと、（iii）加熱面の裏面側に著しい発煙を生じ
ないこと、（iv）加熱終了後、重量３ｋｇの砂袋を鉛直
距離５０ｃｍの高さから落下させ衝撃を与えたとき、防
火上有害な破壊、剥離、脱落等を起こさないこと、の４
要件ならびに遮煙性能として、布帛両面について夫々空
気圧を加えたとき、１９．６Ｐａの圧力差における通気
量が０．２ｍ３／ｍ２／ｍｉｎ以下の要件をともに満た
すことを特徴とする遮炎・遮煙性布帛。（３）合成樹脂
が非難燃性合成樹脂であることを特徴とする前記（１）
または（２）に記載の遮炎・遮煙性布帛、（４）合成樹
脂が、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体、アクリル樹脂、
ポリエステル樹脂、ポリオレフィン樹脂、ポリビニルア
ルコール系樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂から選ばれた少なく
とも１種であることを特徴とする前記（１）または前記
（２）に記載の遮炎・遮煙性布帛、（５）ガラス繊維ク
ロスが二酸化ケイ素含有量９６％以上のシリカガラス繊
維クロスである前記（１）〜（４）のいずれかに記載の
遮炎・遮煙性布帛、（６）合成樹脂中間層がさらに金属
水酸化物または鉱物を含む混合組成物からなる前記
（１）〜（５）のいずれかに記載の遮炎・遮煙性布帛、
（７）合成樹脂中間層が合成樹脂１００重量部に対し、
金属水酸化物または鉱物１０重量部以上（好ましくは１
５重量部以上）からなる混合組成物である前記（６）記
載の遮炎・遮煙性布帛、（８）合成樹脂中間層がエチレ
ン−酢酸ビニル共重合体からなる前記（１）、（５）、
（６）、（７）のいずれか１項に記載の遮炎・遮煙性布
帛、（９）金属水酸化物が水酸化マグネシウムまたは水
酸化アルミニウムである前記（６）記載の遮炎・遮煙性
布帛、（１０）表面塗布層が合成樹脂１００重量部に対
し金属水酸化物または鉱物１０重量部以上（好ましくは
１５重量部以上）を含むことを特徴とする前記（２）ま
たは（３）記載の遮炎・遮煙性布帛、（１１）表面塗布
層がエチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体と水酸化マグネシウ
ムまたは水酸化アルミニウムとからなる前記（２）、
（５）、（６）のいずれか１項に記載の遮炎・遮煙性布
帛、（１２）合成樹脂中間層およびシリコーン樹脂表面
塗布層の重量はガラス繊維クロス基体に対し夫々３重量
％以上（好ましくは５重量％以上）、４重量％以上（好
ましくは８重量％以上）であることを特徴とする前記
（１）、（５）〜（８）のいずれか１項に記載の遮炎・
遮煙性布帛、（１３）表面塗布層の重量はガラス繊維ク
ロス基体の５〜３０重量％であることを特徴とする前記
（２）、（５）、（１０）、（１１）のいずれか１項記
載の遮炎・遮煙性布帛、（１４）前記（１）〜（１３）
のいずれか１項記載の遮炎・遮煙性布帛から構成されて
なる耐火スクリーン、に関する。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The features of the present invention that can meet the above-mentioned object are in the following two aspects. (1) A cloth comprising, as a base, a glass fiber cloth having a synthetic resin intermediate layer made of a synthetic resin interposed on at least one surface of the glass fiber cloth and further having a surface coating layer of a silicone resin thereon. When the fabric is heated at 930 ° C. for 60 minutes on both sides thereof, the following requirements are set as fire prevention properties: (i) no flame is generated on the back side of the heated side; (ii) gaps and the back side of the heated side by heating. (Iii) No significant smoke is generated on the back side of the heating surface. (Iv) After completion of heating, a sand bag weighing 3 kg is dropped from a height of 50 cm vertically to give an impact. Not cause harmful destruction, peeling, falling off, etc.
As a requirement and a smoke shielding performance, when air pressure is applied to both sides of the fabric, the air permeability at a pressure difference of 19.6 Pa satisfies both requirements of 0.2 m 3 / m 2 / min or less. (2) A smoke-blocking fabric, which is made of a glass fiber cloth as a base material and has on at least one surface thereof a surface coating layer made of a mixed composition of a synthetic resin and a metal hydroxide or a mineral. As the performance, when heating both sides of the fabric at 930 ° C. for 60 minutes, the following requirements are satisfied: (i) no flame is generated on the back side of the heating surface; (Iii) No significant smoke is generated on the back side of the heating surface, (iv) When a sand bag weighing 3 kg is dropped from a height of 50 cm vertically and subjected to impact after heating is completed. , Fire protection No harmful destruction, peeling, falling off, etc. 4
As a requirement and a smoke shielding performance, when air pressure is applied to both sides of the fabric, the air permeability at a pressure difference of 19.6 Pa satisfies both requirements of 0.2 m 3 / m 2 / min or less. Smoke barrier fabric. (3) The above (1), wherein the synthetic resin is a non-flame-retardant synthetic resin.
Or (2) the flame-insulating / smoke-insulating cloth according to (2), wherein the synthetic resin is an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, an acrylic resin,
(5) The flameproof / smokeproof fabric according to (1) or (2), wherein the fabric is at least one selected from a polyester resin, a polyolefin resin, a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin, and a polyurethane resin. The flameproof / smokeproof fabric according to any one of the above (1) to (4), wherein the glass fiber cloth is a silica glass fiber cloth having a silicon dioxide content of 96% or more, and (6) the synthetic resin intermediate layer further comprises a metal. The flameproofing / smokeproofing fabric according to any one of the above (1) to (5), comprising a mixed composition containing a hydroxide or a mineral.
(7) The synthetic resin intermediate layer is based on 100 parts by weight of the synthetic resin.
10 parts by weight or more (preferably 1
(5 parts by weight or more), which is a mixed composition comprising (1) and (5), wherein the synthetic resin intermediate layer comprises an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. ),
(6) The flameproofing / smokeproofing fabric according to any one of (7) and (9) the flameproofing / shielding according to (6), wherein the metal hydroxide is magnesium hydroxide or aluminum hydroxide. (2) or (3) above, wherein the surface coating layer contains 10 parts by weight or more (preferably 15 parts by weight or more) of a metal hydroxide or a mineral based on 100 parts by weight of the synthetic resin. (2), wherein the surface coating layer comprises an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and magnesium hydroxide or aluminum hydroxide.
(5) The flameproof / smokeproof fabric according to any one of (6), (12) the weight of each of the synthetic resin intermediate layer and the silicone resin surface coating layer is 3% by weight or more based on the glass fiber cloth substrate. (Preferably 5% by weight or more), 4% by weight or more (preferably 8% by weight or more), wherein the flame barrier according to any one of the above (1), (5) to (8).・
(13) any one of the above (2), (5), (10), and (11), wherein the weight of the surface coating layer is 5 to 30% by weight of the glass fiber cloth substrate. 2. The flameproofing / smokeproofing cloth according to item 1, (14) above (1) to (13).
A fireproof screen comprising the flame- and smoke-proof fabric according to any one of the preceding claims.
【０００９】[0009]
【発明の実施の形態】本発明の第１の発明としての、遮
炎・遮煙性布帛はガラス繊維クロス基体の少なくとも片
面に、通常の非難燃性合成樹脂中間塗布層を介在させ
て、その上にシリコーン樹脂表面塗布層を施してなる３
層構造である。そして第２の発明のそれは、ガラス繊維
クロス基体の少なくとも片面に、通常の非難燃性合成樹
脂と金属水酸化物または鉱物との混合物を施してなる２
層構造である。なお、本発明で非難燃性合成樹脂または
非難燃性樹脂とはいわゆる難燃性樹脂（例えば塩化ビニ
ル樹脂、シリコーン樹脂、フッ素樹脂等）と認識されて
いない例えばエチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体、アクリル
樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリオレフィン樹脂、ポリビ
ニルアルコール系樹脂およびポリウレタン樹脂等の通常
の樹脂をいう。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION As a first invention of the present invention, a flameproof / smokeproof cloth comprises a glass fiber cloth substrate on at least one side of which an ordinary non-flame retardant synthetic resin intermediate coating layer is interposed. Silicone resin surface coating layer applied on top 3
It has a layer structure. According to the second aspect of the invention, at least one surface of the glass fiber cloth substrate is subjected to a mixture of a general non-flame-retardant synthetic resin and a metal hydroxide or mineral.
It has a layer structure. In the present invention, the non-flame-retardant synthetic resin or the non-flame-retardant resin is not recognized as a so-called flame-retardant resin (for example, vinyl chloride resin, silicone resin, fluororesin, etc.). It refers to ordinary resins such as resin, polyester resin, polyolefin resin, polyvinyl alcohol resin and polyurethane resin.
【００１０】先ず第１の発明から説明すると、繊維基体
となるガラス繊維クロスは二酸化ケイ素の含有量が９６
重量％以上のシリカガラスクロスが好ましい。例えばＥ
ガラス繊維クロスを酸処理して得られるクロス、元々二
酸化ケイ素の含有量が９６重量％以上となる配合物から
得られる繊維（石英ガラスファイバー）クロスなどがあ
る。９６重量％以下のシリカガラスクロスでは耐火性が
劣り望ましくない。First, from the first invention, the glass fiber cloth serving as the fiber substrate has a silicon dioxide content of 96%.
A silica glass cloth of not less than wt. For example, E
Examples of the cloth include a cloth obtained by acid-treating a glass fiber cloth and a fiber (quartz glass fiber) cloth originally obtained from a composition having a silicon dioxide content of 96% by weight or more. When the silica glass cloth is 96% by weight or less, the fire resistance is poor, which is not desirable.
【００１１】前記クロス基体の片面または両面に対して
は次の中から選択される少なくとも１種の合成樹脂が溶
液、エマルジョンまたは溶融体の形態で、浸漬またはコ
ーティング方法により施されて中間層を形成することに
なる。すなわち、非難燃性樹脂の好ましい例としてエチ
レン−酢酸ビニル共重合体、アクリル樹脂、ポリエステ
ル樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂、ポリオレフィン樹脂、ポリ
ビニルアルコール系樹脂が挙げられるが、場合によって
難燃性樹脂であるポリ塩化ビニルを使用してもよい。し
かしながら遮炎・遮煙性能を得る上で特に好ましいのは
エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体（以下ＥＶＡと略称す
る）である。この合成樹脂中間層はガラスクロス基体に
対し３重量％以上（好ましくは５重量％以上）の割合で
塗布することが適当である。３重量％未満では得られる
布帛がほつれ易く、縫製加工性にも劣り、８００℃以上
に加熱すると風合いが硬く、非常に脆くなり、十分防火
性能を発揮することができないからである。At least one synthetic resin selected from the following is applied to one or both surfaces of the cloth substrate by dipping or coating in the form of a solution, emulsion or melt to form an intermediate layer. Will do. That is, preferred examples of the non-flame-retardant resin include ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, acrylic resin, polyester resin, polyurethane resin, polyolefin resin, and polyvinyl alcohol-based resin. May be used. However, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (hereinafter abbreviated as EVA) is particularly preferable for obtaining flame and smoke shielding performance. This synthetic resin intermediate layer is suitably applied at a ratio of 3% by weight or more (preferably 5% by weight or more) to the glass cloth substrate. If the content is less than 3% by weight, the obtained fabric is easily frayed and the sewing processability is poor, and when heated to 800 ° C. or more, the texture becomes hard and very brittle, so that sufficient fire prevention performance cannot be exhibited.
【００１２】前記合成樹脂中間層の上にはさらにシリコ
ーン樹脂が塗布されて表面塗布層を形成する。シリコー
ン樹脂はガラス繊維クロス基体に対して好ましくは４重
量％以上（好ましくは８重量％以上）の割合で、慣用の
浸漬、コーティング法により塗布される。この塗布量未
満では耐引っ掻き性が悪く、目的とする極低ないし非通
気性が得られないので不適切である。A silicone resin is further applied on the synthetic resin intermediate layer to form a surface coating layer. The silicone resin is applied by a conventional dipping and coating method at a ratio of preferably 4% by weight or more (preferably 8% by weight or more) to the glass fiber cloth substrate. If the amount is less than this, the scratch resistance is poor, and the desired extremely low or non-breathable properties cannot be obtained.
【００１３】かくして目的とする遮炎・遮煙性布帛が得
られるが、この布帛はガラス繊維基体の上に中間合成樹
脂層さらにシリコーン樹脂表面層を塗布して３層から構
成されているので、目が詰まって緻密になり、従来製品
にまま見られる耐火性布帛の目ずれが一切見られず、ま
たほつれ難い特長を有する。Thus, the desired flame- and smoke-shielding fabric is obtained. However, this fabric is composed of three layers obtained by applying an intermediate synthetic resin layer and a silicone resin surface layer on a glass fiber substrate. The eyes are dense and dense, and there is no misalignment of the refractory fabric that is seen as a conventional product, and it has a feature that it is hard to fray.
【００１４】前記合成樹脂中間層は前記合成樹脂に対
し、さらに金属水酸化物または鉱物を混合した混合物で
あってもよい。ここで使用できる金属水酸化物または鉱
物としては例えば水酸化マグネシウム、水酸化アルミニ
ウム、雲母（特に微粉末または鱗片状のもの）、マイ
カ、グラファイト、チタン化合物、ホウ素化合物、タル
ク、などが挙げられるが、好ましくは水酸化物であり、
単独または併用してもよい。例えば水酸化アルミニウム
は０．５〜２０μｍの粒径のもの、水酸化マグネシウム
は０．５〜１５μｍの粒径のものが好ましい。[0014] The synthetic resin intermediate layer may be a mixture of the synthetic resin and a metal hydroxide or mineral. Examples of the metal hydroxide or mineral that can be used here include magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, mica (particularly fine powder or scale-like one), mica, graphite, titanium compound, boron compound, talc, and the like. , Preferably a hydroxide,
They may be used alone or in combination. For example, aluminum hydroxide preferably has a particle size of 0.5 to 20 μm, and magnesium hydroxide preferably has a particle size of 0.5 to 15 μm.
【００１５】本発明の第２発明は上記と同じガラス繊維
クロス基体の上に、表面塗布層として上記と同じ非難燃
性樹脂少なくとも１種と、上記と同じ金属水酸化物また
は鉱物との混合物を塗布することにより遮炎・遮煙性布
帛を得るものである。両者の混合割合は重量割合にし
て、後者が前者の樹脂の１０重量％以上、好ましくは１
５重量％以上の範囲であることが好ましい。また表面層
の塗布量はガラス繊維クロス基体の重量に対し、５〜３
０重量％であることが好ましい。表面塗布層に、上記非
難燃性樹脂と金属水酸化物または鉱物の２成分を併用す
ることによって、その上に余分なシリコーン樹脂を施す
必要なく、かくして十分耐火効果が達成される。この場
合も、好ましい樹脂はＥＶＡであり、好ましい金属水酸
化物は水酸化マグネシウムまたは水酸化アルミニウムで
ある。According to a second aspect of the present invention, a mixture of at least one non-flame-retardant resin as described above and a metal hydroxide or mineral as described above as a surface coating layer on the same glass fiber cloth substrate as described above. By coating, a flame- and smoke-shielding fabric is obtained. The mixing ratio of both is a weight ratio, and the latter is 10% by weight or more of the former resin, preferably 1%.
It is preferably in the range of 5% by weight or more. The coating amount of the surface layer is 5 to 3 with respect to the weight of the glass fiber cloth substrate.
It is preferably 0% by weight. By using the two components of the non-flame-retardant resin and the metal hydroxide or mineral in the surface coating layer, it is not necessary to apply an extra silicone resin thereon, and thus a sufficient fire resistance effect can be achieved. Again, the preferred resin is EVA and the preferred metal hydroxide is magnesium hydroxide or aluminum hydroxide.
【００１６】以上のように本発明の第１と第２の発明に
よる遮炎・遮煙性布帛によれば、新建築基準法で規定す
る防火性能と遮煙性能とをいずれも満たすことができ
る。その試験方法は後述する通りである。As described above, according to the flame-insulating / smoke-insulating fabrics according to the first and second aspects of the present invention, it is possible to satisfy both the fire-proofing performance and the smoke-shielding performance specified by the New Building Standard Law. . The test method is as described below.
【００１７】[0017]
【実施例】以下、実施例により本発明を具体的に説明す
る。実施例中、得られた遮炎・遮煙性布帛の物理的性
質、防火性能等は次の方法により評価した。 （１）質量 ＪＩＳ Ｒ ３４２０に準じて測定した。 （２）耐ほつれ性 布帛を鋏で切断し、その切断端の糸をつまんで簡単にほ
つれるかどうかによって、簡単にほつれる場合を×、簡
単にほつれない場合を〇、その中間の場合を△と評価し
た。 （３）引っ掻き性 布帛の表面を爪でこすり、表面に簡単にキズがついた
り、表面から樹脂が剥離する場合を×、キズもつかず樹
脂の剥離もない場合を〇、その中間を△と評価した。 （４）通気性（遮煙性としての通気性） ＪＩＳ Ｒ ３４２０に準じて測定した。特に布帛両面
の圧力差１９．６Ｐａにおける通気量を測定した。The present invention will be described below in detail with reference to examples. In the examples, the physical properties, fire protection performance and the like of the obtained flame and smoke barrier fabric were evaluated by the following methods. (1) Mass Measured according to JIS R3420. (2) Fraying resistance The cloth is cut with scissors, the thread at the cut end is pinched or not, depending on whether or not it is easily frayed. It was evaluated as Δ. (3) Scratchability The surface of the cloth was rubbed with a nail, and the surface was easily scratched or the resin was peeled off from the surface. The evaluation was x. did. (4) Breathability (breathability as smoke barrier) Measured according to JIS R3420. In particular, the airflow at a pressure difference of 19.6 Pa on both sides of the fabric was measured.
【００１８】（５）防火性 布帛をマッフル炉の開口部に熱気が直接漏れないように
セットして炉内温度を室温から９３０℃まで４５分かけ
て昇温し、９３０℃の温度に６０分間保持した。そして
この間における布帛の裏面側における発炎、発煙の有
無、裏面まで達する亀裂の有無、加熱終了後重量３ｋｇ
の砂袋を鉛直距離５０ｃｍの高さから落下させて衝撃を
与えた時の破壊、剥離、脱落等の発生の有無を調べて、
それら４要因すべてが無の場合、総合的に防火性あり○
と評価した。 （６）柔軟性 布帛を９３０℃にて６０分間加熱後、布帛の風合いを触
感にて評価した。優れている下を○と評価した。 （７）引張り強度保持率 布帛を９３０℃にて６０分間加熱後、引張り強さを測定
し、布帛の常温での引張り強さとの比率（％）を算出し
た。 （８）熱収縮率 布帛を９３０℃にて６０分間加熱して収縮率を測定し
た。(5) Fireproofing The cloth was set so that hot air did not leak directly into the opening of the muffle furnace, and the temperature in the furnace was raised from room temperature to 930 ° C. over 45 minutes, and then raised to a temperature of 930 ° C. for 60 minutes. Held. In the meantime, the presence or absence of flame or smoke on the back side of the fabric, the presence or absence of cracks reaching the back side, and the weight of 3 kg after heating is completed.
The sand bag is dropped from a height of 50 cm vertically and subjected to impact to check for the occurrence of destruction, peeling, falling off, etc.
When all four factors are absent, there is comprehensive fire protection ○
Was evaluated. (6) Flexibility After heating the fabric at 930 ° C. for 60 minutes, the texture of the fabric was evaluated by touch. An excellent bottom was evaluated as ○. (7) Tensile Strength Retention After heating the fabric at 930 ° C. for 60 minutes, the tensile strength was measured, and the ratio (%) to the tensile strength of the fabric at room temperature was calculated. (8) Heat Shrinkage The cloth was heated at 930 ° C. for 60 minutes to measure the shrinkage.
【００１９】実施例１〜５ 表１に示す通り、９６重量％以上の二酸化ケイ素含有量
を有する各ガラス繊維クロス基体の片面に、樹脂分散液
単独（実施例１、２）または樹脂分散液と金属水酸化物
との混合液（実施例３、４）を記載する塗布量（乾燥重
量換算）にて塗布し、さらにその上にシリコーン樹脂の
トルエン溶液を記載の塗布量（乾燥重量換算）にて塗布
し、乾燥して遮炎・遮煙性布帛を作製した（実施例１〜
４）。またガラスクロス基体の上に樹脂分散液と金属水
酸化物との混合液を塗布し、乾燥して同じく布帛を作製
した（実施例５）。そして各布帛について物性、性能を
調べ、得られた結果も同じく表１に示す。Examples 1 to 5 As shown in Table 1, a resin dispersion alone (Examples 1 and 2) or a resin dispersion was applied to one surface of each glass fiber cloth substrate having a silicon dioxide content of 96% by weight or more. The mixture with the metal hydroxide (Examples 3 and 4) was applied at the coating amount (dry weight conversion) described, and the toluene solution of the silicone resin was further coated thereon at the coating amount (dry weight conversion) described. To form a flame and smoke barrier fabric (Examples 1 to 3).
4). Further, a mixed solution of a resin dispersion liquid and a metal hydroxide was applied on a glass cloth substrate, and dried to prepare a fabric similarly (Example 5). The physical properties and performance of each fabric were examined, and the obtained results are also shown in Table 1.
【００２０】[0020]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００２１】表１の性能評価からも明らかなように、得
られた布帛は建築基準法で規定する防火性能および遮煙
性能を満足する上に、耐ほつれ性、耐引っ掻き性、柔軟
性、引張り強さ保持率にも優れていることが窺える。As evident from the performance evaluations in Table 1, the obtained fabric satisfies the fire protection performance and the smoke protection performance stipulated by the Building Standards Law, as well as the fraying resistance, scratch resistance, flexibility and tensile strength. It can be seen that the strength retention rate is also excellent.
【００２２】[0022]
【発明の効果】本発明によれば、上述した通り、二酸化
ケイ素高含量のシリカガラスクロスを基体として、その
上に非難燃性樹脂中間層を介在させ、さらにシリコーン
樹脂トップ層を形成するか、或いはシリカガラスクロス
の上に非難燃性樹脂と金属水酸化物または鉱物との混合
物を塗布してトップ層を形成することによって、ガラス
クロスを難燃性樹脂で被覆する必要なく、優れた遮炎・
遮煙性布帛を得ることが可能である。得られた布帛はい
ずれも目ずれ、ほつれがなく、引っ掻きにも強く、９３
０℃、６０分加熱条件下で要求される建築基準法の厳し
い防火・遮煙性能基準もクリヤーすることができる。そ
して防火性能と遮煙性能の両方に調和の取れた、優れた
耐火布帛であるので、対火災安全性はいうまでもなく物
理的安全性も具備した耐火スクリーンなどの用途として
極めて適しており、実用化、工業化にも大いに有効であ
る。According to the present invention, as described above, a silica glass cloth containing a high content of silicon dioxide is used as a base, a non-flame-retardant resin intermediate layer is interposed therebetween, and a silicone resin top layer is formed. Alternatively, by applying a mixture of a non-flame-retardant resin and a metal hydroxide or a mineral onto a silica glass cloth to form a top layer, it is not necessary to coat the glass cloth with the flame-retardant resin, thereby providing excellent flame insulation.・
It is possible to obtain a smoke-blocking fabric. All of the obtained fabrics have no misalignment, no fraying, and are strong against scratching.
It can also clear the strict fire and smoke barrier performance standards of the Building Standards Law required under heating conditions of 0 ° C. for 60 minutes. And because it is an excellent fire-resistant cloth that is harmonized with both fire-prevention performance and smoke-prevention performance, it is extremely suitable for applications such as fire-resistant screens with physical safety as well as fire safety, It is very effective for practical use and industrialization.
【００２３】なお、本発明の遮炎・遮煙布帛は、２０Ｐ
ａ未満程度の圧力下で、１時間、９２５℃に加熱する場
合、次の基準をも満足する。 イ．非加熱側へ１０秒を超えて継続する火炎の噴出がな
いこと。 ロ．非加熱面へ１０秒を超えて継続する発炎がないこ
と。 ハ．火炎が通る亀裂等の損傷及び隙間を生じないこと。
ただし、防火戸の沓ずり及びシャッターの床に接する部
分の隙間（１０ｍｍ以下）は除外する。The flame and smoke barrier fabric of the present invention is 20P
When heating to 925 ° C. for 1 hour under a pressure less than a, the following criteria are also satisfied. I. There must be no continuous flame emission for more than 10 seconds to the non-heating side. B. There should be no flame that lasts more than 10 seconds on the non-heated surface. C. There should be no damage such as cracks and gaps through which the flame passes.
However, gaps (10 mm or less) between the fire doors and the shutter contacting the floor are excluded.
フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.7 識別記号 ＦＩ テーマコート゛(参考） Ｂ３２Ｂ 27/18 Ｂ３２Ｂ 27/18 Ｂ Ｃ０８Ｊ 5/04 ＣＥＲ Ｃ０８Ｊ 5/04 ＣＥＲ ＣＥＺ ＣＥＺ Ｃ０８Ｋ 3/22 Ｃ０８Ｋ 3/22 Ｃ０８Ｌ 101/00 Ｃ０８Ｌ 101/00 Ｄ０６Ｍ 11/44 Ｄ０６Ｍ 15/643 11/45 101:00 15/643 11/10 // Ｄ０６Ｍ 101:00 (72)発明者 中山 民弘 京都府宇治市宇治小桜45番地の２ ユニチ カグラスファイバー株式会社京都工場内 Ｆターム(参考） 4F072 AA04 AA08 AB09 AB30 AD04 AD09 AD37 AD43 AE07 AF02 AH02 AH03 AH04 AH22 AK03 AK13 AL17 4F100 AA17B AA17H AA18B AA18H AA19B AA19H AC00B AC00H AG00A AK01B AK03B AK21B AK25B AK41B AK51B AK52C AK68B BA03 BA07 BA10C CA08B CA08H CC01C DG12A EH46 GB07 JJ03 JJ07 YY00B YY00C 4J002 AA001 BB001 BB061 BE021 BF001 BG001 CK021 DA026 DE076 DE136 DE146 DJ046 DJ056 DK006 FD136 GL00 4L031 AA26 AB32 BA11 DA16 4L033 AA09 AB05 AC05 CA12 CA18 CA29 CA45 CA50 CA59 DA05Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. 7 Identification symbol FI Theme coat II (Reference) B32B 27/18 B32B 27/18 B C08J 5/04 CER C08J 5/04 CER CEZ CEZ C08K 3/22 C08K 3/22 C08L 101/00 C08L 101/00 D06M 11/44 D06M 15/643 11/45 101: 00 15/643 11/10 // D06M 101: 00 (72) Inventor: Tamami Nakayama 45 2 Unitika Glass Fiber Co., Ltd. Kyoto Factory F-term (reference) 4F072 AA04 AA08 AB09 AB30 AD04 AD09 AD37 AD43 AE07 AF02 AH02 AH03 AH04 AH22 AK03 AK13 AL17 4F100 AA17B AA17H AA18B AA18H AA19B AA19B AC00BAC AK01B00 AK68B BA03 BA07 BA10C CA08B CA08H CC01C DG12A EH46 GB07 JJ03 JJ07 YY00B YY00C 4J002 AA001 BB001 BB061 BE021 BF001 BG001 CK021 DA026 DE076 DE136 DE146 DJ046 DJ056 DK006 FD136 CA05A12 CA12A15A15A15A16A15A16A15A16A15A12A15A16
Claims (14)
成樹脂からなる合成樹脂中間層を介在させて、その上に
さらにシリコーン樹脂の表面塗布層を有してなるガラス
繊維クロスを基体とする布帛であって、防火性能として
前記布帛の両面について夫々９３０℃、６０分間加熱
時、次の要件、即ち （i）加熱面の裏面側に発炎を生じないこと、（ii）加
熱により隙間および加熱面の裏面側に達する亀裂を生じ
ないこと、（iii）加熱面の裏面側に著しい発煙を生じ
ないこと、（iv）加熱終了後、重量３ｋｇの砂袋を鉛直
距離５０ｃｍの高さから落下させ衝撃を与えたとき、防
火上有害な破壊、剥離、脱落等を起こさないこと、の４
要件ならびに遮煙性能として、布帛両面について夫々空
気圧を加えたとき、１９．６Ｐａの圧力差における通気
量が０．２ｍ３／ｍ２／ｍｉｎ以下の要件をともに満た
すことを特徴とする遮炎・遮煙性布帛。1. A fabric comprising a glass fiber cloth having a synthetic resin intermediate layer made of a synthetic resin on at least one side of the glass fiber cloth and further having a surface coating layer of a silicone resin thereon. When fired at 930 ° C. for 60 minutes on both sides of the fabric, the following requirements were satisfied as fire prevention performance: (i) no flame was generated on the back side of the heated surface; (Iii) not generate significant smoke on the back side of the heated surface, (iv) after heating, drop a sand bag weighing 3 kg from a height of 50 cm vertically and impact Not cause harmful destruction, peeling, falling off, etc. in fire prevention when given
As a requirement and a smoke shielding performance, when air pressure is applied to both sides of the fabric, the air permeability at a pressure difference of 19.6 Pa satisfies both requirements of 0.2 m 3 / m 2 / min or less. Smoke barrier fabric.
とも片面に、合成樹脂と金属水酸化物または鉱物との混
合組成物からなる表面塗布層を有してなる布帛であっ
て、防火性能として前記布帛の両面について夫々９３０
℃、６０分間加熱時、次の要件、すなわち （i）加熱面の裏面側に発炎を生じないこと、（ii）加
熱により隙間および加熱面の裏面側に達する亀裂を生じ
ないこと、（iii）加熱面の裏面側に著しい発煙を生じ
ないこと、（iv）加熱終了後、重量３ｋｇの砂袋を鉛直
距離５０ｃｍの高さから落下させ衝撃を与えたとき、防
火上有害な破壊、剥離、脱落等を起こさないこと、の４
要件ならびに遮煙性能として、布帛両面について夫々空
気圧を加えたとき、１９．６Ｐａの圧力差における通気
量が０．２ｍ３／ｍ２／ｍｉｎ以下の要件をともに満た
すことを特徴とする遮炎・遮煙性布帛。2. A fabric comprising a glass fiber cloth as a base material and having, on at least one surface thereof, a surface coating layer made of a mixed composition of a synthetic resin and a metal hydroxide or a mineral, wherein 930 each on both sides of the fabric
When heated at 60 ° C. for 60 minutes, the following requirements are satisfied: (i) no flame is generated on the back side of the heated surface; (ii) cracks are not generated by heating to reach gaps and the back side of the heated surface; (iii) ) No significant fumes are generated on the back side of the heating surface. (Iv) After completion of the heating, when a sand bag weighing 3 kg is dropped from a height of 50 cm vertically and subjected to impact, harmful destruction, peeling, Do not cause dropout, etc. 4
As a requirement and a smoke shielding performance, when air pressure is applied to both sides of the fabric, the air permeability at a pressure difference of 19.6 Pa satisfies both requirements of 0.2 m 3 / m 2 / min or less. Smoke barrier fabric.
特徴とする請求項１または請求項２に記載の遮炎・遮煙
性布帛。3. The flame- and smoke-shielding fabric according to claim 1, wherein the synthetic resin is a non-flame-retardant synthetic resin.
体、アクリル樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリオレフィン
樹脂、ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂
から選ばれた少なくとも１種であることを特徴とする請
求項１または請求項２に記載の遮炎・遮煙性布帛。4. The synthetic resin according to claim 1, wherein the synthetic resin is at least one selected from the group consisting of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, an acrylic resin, a polyester resin, a polyolefin resin, a polyvinyl alcohol resin and a polyurethane resin. Or the flame-insulating / smoke-insulating cloth according to claim 2.
６％以上のシリカガラス繊維クロスである請求項１〜４
のいずれかに記載の遮炎・遮煙性布帛。5. The glass fiber cloth has a silicon dioxide content of 9
A silica glass fiber cloth of 6% or more.
The flame- and smoke-proof fabric according to any one of the above.
は鉱物を含む混合組成物からなる請求項１〜５のいずれ
かに記載の遮炎・遮煙性布帛。6. The flameproofing / smokeproofing fabric according to claim 1, wherein the synthetic resin intermediate layer further comprises a mixed composition containing a metal hydroxide or a mineral.
対し、金属水酸化物または鉱物１０重量部以上（好まし
くは１５重量部以上）からなる混合組成物である請求項
６記載の遮炎・遮煙性布帛。7. The flame shield according to claim 6, wherein the synthetic resin intermediate layer is a mixed composition comprising 10 parts by weight or more (preferably 15 parts by weight or more) of a metal hydroxide or a mineral with respect to 100 parts by weight of the synthetic resin. -Smoke barrier fabric.
重合体からなる請求項１、５、６、７のいずれか１項に
記載の遮炎・遮煙性布帛。8. The flame- and smoke-shielding fabric according to claim 1, wherein the synthetic resin intermediate layer comprises an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
水酸化アルミニウムである請求項６記載の遮炎・遮煙性
布帛。9. The flameproofing / smokeproofing fabric according to claim 6, wherein the metal hydroxide is magnesium hydroxide or aluminum hydroxide.
し金属水酸化物または鉱物１０重量部以上（好ましくは
１５重量部以上）を含むことを特徴とする請求項２また
は３記載の遮炎・遮煙性布帛。10. The flame barrier according to claim 2, wherein the surface coating layer contains at least 10 parts by weight (preferably at least 15 parts by weight) of a metal hydroxide or a mineral with respect to 100 parts by weight of the synthetic resin. -Smoke barrier fabric.
合体と水酸化マグネシウムまたは水酸化アルミニウムと
からなる請求項２、５、６のいずれか１項に記載の遮炎
・遮煙性布帛。11. The flame- and smoke-shielding fabric according to claim 2, wherein the surface coating layer comprises an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and magnesium hydroxide or aluminum hydroxide.
面塗布層の重量はガラス繊維クロス基体に対し夫々３重
量％以上（好ましくは５重量％以上）、４重量％以上
（好ましくは８重量％以上）であることを特徴とする請
求項１、５〜８のいずれか１項に記載の遮炎・遮煙性布
帛。12. The weight of each of the synthetic resin intermediate layer and the silicone resin surface coating layer is 3% by weight or more (preferably 5% by weight) or 4% by weight or more (preferably 8% by weight or more) based on the glass fiber cloth substrate. The flameproofing / smokeproofing fabric according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that:
体の５〜３０重量％であることを特徴とする請求項２、
５、１０、１１のいずれか１項記載の遮炎・遮煙性布
帛。13. The method according to claim 2, wherein the weight of the surface coating layer is 5 to 30% by weight of the glass fiber cloth substrate.
The flameproofing / smokeproofing cloth according to any one of 5, 10, and 11.
炎・遮煙性布帛から構成されてなる耐火スクリーン。14. A refractory screen comprising the flame- and smoke-shielding fabric according to any one of claims 1 to 13.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001029605A JP3484162B2 (en) | 2001-02-06 | 2001-02-06 | Flame and smoke barrier fabric |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001029605A JP3484162B2 (en) | 2001-02-06 | 2001-02-06 | Flame and smoke barrier fabric |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2002235284A true JP2002235284A (en) | 2002-08-23 |
| JP3484162B2 JP3484162B2 (en) | 2004-01-06 |
Family
ID=18893929
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001029605A Expired - Fee Related JP3484162B2 (en) | 2001-02-06 | 2001-02-06 | Flame and smoke barrier fabric |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3484162B2 (en) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005194639A (en) * | 2003-12-26 | 2005-07-21 | Nippon Muki Co Ltd | Fire-resisting screen cloth |
| JP2006343048A (en) * | 2005-06-09 | 2006-12-21 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Ventilating fan |
| JP2007029109A (en) * | 2005-07-21 | 2007-02-08 | Nitto Boseki Co Ltd | Smoke barrier and its execution method |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005194639A (en) * | 2003-12-26 | 2005-07-21 | Nippon Muki Co Ltd | Fire-resisting screen cloth |
| CN100425766C (en) * | 2005-02-23 | 2008-10-15 | 住江织物株式会社 | Flame-retardant fabric and method for manufacturing the same |
| JP2006343048A (en) * | 2005-06-09 | 2006-12-21 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Ventilating fan |
| JP2007029109A (en) * | 2005-07-21 | 2007-02-08 | Nitto Boseki Co Ltd | Smoke barrier and its execution method |
| JP2013011712A (en) * | 2011-06-29 | 2013-01-17 | Nippon Dam Kk | Phosphorescent type sign and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN103623520A (en) * | 2012-08-24 | 2014-03-12 | 无锡市富仕德特种玻璃纤维有限公司 | Smoke screen cloth |
| JP2022173039A (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2022-11-17 | ウォンプン コーポレーション | Digitally-printable flame retardant material with enhanced flame retardancy, and manufacturing method thereof |
| JP7300758B2 (en) | 2021-05-06 | 2023-06-30 | ウォンプン コーポレーション | Fire-retardant material with enhanced flame-retardant properties and capable of digital printing, and method for producing the same |
| CN114921968A (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2022-08-19 | 江西省安安科技有限公司 | Preparation method of silicon-ceramic composite material and high-performance fireproof silicon-ceramic/mica composite material |
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|---|---|
| JP3484162B2 (en) | 2004-01-06 |
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