JP2002179487A - Method and device for composting garbage - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To compost base material by uniformly stirring and crushing the base material and facilitating the fermentation of the base material with a device of a simple structure and a simple method. SOLUTION: Garbage or garbage admixed with substrate is charged into mixing vessels 11, 12 of horizontal processor 10 as the base material, the hot air is directly blown into the base material, the change with lapse of time of temperature of the base material and moisture content of the base material, and the wet temperature in a preheating period, constant-rate period of drying and falling drying rate period are calculated beforehand, at the same time, the temperature of the base material in the mixing vessels 11, 12 is detected, on the basis of the detected temperature, the quantity of heat input required for correcting the difference of the calculated value and the detected value of the base material is calculated and the temperature of hot air and the quantity of hot air are controlled thereby.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention belongs to the technical field of composting garbage, and more particularly to a composting method and apparatus.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As an apparatus for composting garbage, for example, a vertical apparatus disclosed in JP-A-10-182271 and Utility Model Registration No. 3028102 is known.

[0003] In these apparatuses, a stirring blade extending in a radial direction is attached to a hollow shaft extending in a vertical direction in a tank, and heated air is blown from the end of the stirring blade through the hollow shaft. I have. In such an apparatus, the garbage thrown into the tank receives heated air while being stirred, and is composted.

On the other hand, JP-A-2000-202413 discloses that
A horizontal garbage disposal is disclosed. This device is
Two rotating stirring members are arranged parallel to each other in a horizontal plane in the tank, and the stirring wings provided on the stirring member so as to extend in the radial direction make the garbage in the tank fine, disassemble and disappear. (Reducing weight).

[0005]

However, in the above-mentioned known apparatus of the vertical type, the garbage is deposited vertically long in the tank, so that large and small garbage can be generated due to gravity. Classification is performed at the top and bottom, crushing and stirring are not uniform, and the physical properties of the treatment are not uniform. Further, since the air supply is performed by the movable portion of the stirring member, the apparatus becomes complicated.

[0006] On the other hand, in the case of a known horizontal device, crushing and
Even if the stirring is performed well, air is not actively supplied to the garbage, so the garbage can be dried but is not suitable for composting.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and has as its object to provide a method for composting garbage and an apparatus suitable for composting with a simple configuration.

[0008]

According to the present invention, each of the above-mentioned objects is achieved as follows. In the present invention, “compost” refers to primary compost in which garbage is dried and reduced in volume and primary fermented, and “fermentation” refers to primary fermentation. <Method> The garbage composting method of the present invention performs batch or semi-batch processing, and puts garbage or garbage added with a base material into a stirring tank of a horizontal processing machine as a base material, Hot air is blown directly into the base material, preheating period, constant-rate drying period, and reduced-rate drying period, and with the pre-calculated base material temperature and base material moisture content over time and wet bulb temperature,
Detecting the base material temperature, calculating the amount of heat input required to correct the difference between the calculated value of the base material temperature and the detected value based on the detected temperature, and controlling the hot air temperature and the hot air amount. Features.

In the drying method in which hot air is blown directly into the base material, the amount of heat given to the base material from the hot air is used not only for raising the base material temperature but also for lowering the water content. This period is called a preheating period. When the base material temperature reaches a certain value, it does not change and remains constant, the inflowing heat is converted into latent heat of vaporization of moisture in the base material, and the water content decreases. The period until the water content reaches the limit water content is called a constant rate drying period, and the base material temperature in this period is called a wet bulb temperature. When the base material moisture content reaches the critical moisture content, the process proceeds to the reduced-rate drying period, and the inflow heat is used again for raising the base material temperature and evaporating moisture.

The method of the present invention operates in the above three periods as follows.

Preheating period ・ Hot air enthalpy is determined from hot air temperature and outside air humidity,
The amount of heat supplied to the base material is determined from the hot air enthalpy and the amount of hot air.

The base material temperature is determined as a change from the base material initial temperature such that the sum of the amount of heat exhausted from the base material and the amount of heat received by the moisture in the base material becomes equal to the amount of inflow heat.

The amount of exhaust heat is calculated from the temperature of the base material and the amount of hot air.
Moisture heat reception is determined from the base material temperature and the base material initial moisture content.

The amount of water evaporation is determined from the temperature of the base material and the amount of hot air, and the water content of the base material is determined.

The base metal temperature when the hot enthalpy and the exhaust enthalpy are equal is determined as the wet bulb temperature. That is, when the conditions of the hot air temperature and the amount of hot air are determined, it is possible to obtain the wet bulb temperature and the changes over time of the base material temperature and the water content until the wet bulb temperature is reached. Here, since the influence of the change in the outside air humidity on the calculation result is very small, it is not necessary to measure each time of operation if a representative value is actually determined.

The initial moisture content of the base material varies depending on the type of garbage, but is calculated on the assumption that the moisture content of garbage is around 80% on average. When an accurate value is required, it is obtained in advance by a drying method or the like.

Constant-rate drying period When the base material temperature reaches the wet-bulb temperature, the base material temperature does not change thereafter, and all the inflow heat is converted into the latent heat of vaporization of the moisture, and the base material is hydrated until the limit moisture content is reached. Rates continue to decrease.

The change over time in the moisture content of the base material is determined by the amount of heat flowing in.

The limit moisture content is generally difficult to estimate and must be determined by actual measurement. However, depending on the type of garbage, the inventor obtained an average value of about 32% through experiments.

Reduced rate drying period-When the base material moisture content decreases to the limit moisture content, the amount of water moving from the inside of the base material particles to the surface becomes smaller than the amount of evaporating water, so that the drying speed is reduced and the amount of inflow heat is reduced. Is spent on the base material temperature rise, and the base material temperature starts to rise again.

The time-dependent changes in the base material moisture content and the base material temperature can be obtained by calculation from the hot air temperature and the hot air amount, similarly to the preheating period.

In the method of the present invention, preferably, when the inflowing heat amount is low only with hot air, the auxiliary heat source is used together to compensate for the insufficient heat amount, and the output of the auxiliary heat source is also controlled by the base material detection temperature. Features.

The method of the present invention is preferably characterized in that the transition from the constant rate drying period to the reduced rate drying period is determined by a change in the detected temperature of the base material.

In the present invention, preferably, the amount of hot air during the reduced-rate drying period is smaller than the amount of hot air during the constant-rate drying period.

During the period of the rate-decreasing impression, the base material is in a state where drying is advanced, and dust is scattered and discharged by blowing hot air. On the other hand, if a dust collector such as a cyclone is not used, it is necessary to suppress the amount of hot air, that is, the gas superficial velocity inside the stirring tank, compared to the constant-rate drying period. In addition, in order to compensate for a decrease in the drying rate, it is desirable to increase the amount of inflow heat by using an auxiliary heat source or increasing the output.

As described above, when shifting to the reduced-rate drying period, the operation of reducing the amount of hot air and using an auxiliary heat source or increasing the output is necessary. In order to determine the transition to the drying period without using an expensive non-contact moisture meter, the change in the base material temperature must be used as an index.

The present inventor has found from many experiments that a transition from the wet-bulb temperature of the base material to an average of 1 to 2 ° C. per hour from the wet-bulb temperature can be judged as the transition to the reduced-rate drying period. In addition, the present inventor has found from many experiments that dust in the base material is generated at a gas superficial velocity of 3.1 cm / s during the reduced-rate drying period. Preferably this value is 5
The air is blown to about 0%. If you lower this too much,
There is a concern about clogging at the opening for hot air blowing, but if the opening position is as described above under normal blowing conditions,
It was also found that clogging of the opening did not occur. The clogging of the opening when the amount of hot air is reduced too much can be easily detected by a pressure gauge inserted in the air flow path.

At the point when the process proceeds to the reduced-rate drying period, the drying speed can be reduced and dust can be prevented from being scattered by using an auxiliary heat source or increasing the output while reducing the amount of hot air.

The changes over time in the base material moisture content and the base material temperature can be obtained by calculation from the hot air temperature and the amount of hot air and the output of the auxiliary heat source, as in the preheating period. The driver may stop driving when it is estimated that the desired water content has been reached.

The series of calculations, judgments, and control of device operation can be automatically performed by a computer and a sequencer.

As described above, only the hot air temperature and the amount of hot air and the output of the auxiliary heat source are controlled, and only the base material temperature is monitored, and the base material water content can be controlled without using an expensive non-contact moisture meter. The change over time in the rate can be estimated. Then, the target drying time and the finished compost moisture content are set, and necessary conditions can be easily obtained.

In the method of the present invention, preferably, slaked lime is mixed into the base material before or before the preheating period,
It is characterized by suppressing the acid odor generated by the base material.

If the temperature of the base material is maintained at 30 ° C. or higher from the preheating period to the constant-rate drying period, organic acid fermentation by microorganisms occurs in any kind of garbage. This gives off a very unpleasant acid odor even if the degree of fermentation is small,
Stains on the base material and continues to emit acid odor thereafter. In contrast,
By adding a small amount of alkaline slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) to the base material, neutralization of the organic acid and an increase in the base material pH occur, and the acid odor can be almost completely eliminated. Also, for composting, the higher the pH, the higher the oxygen consumption rate of the microorganism, which is advantageous.

The slaked lime is charged before the organic acid fermentation starts.
That is, it is needless to say that it is desirable to perform the process early in the preheating period.

Thus, a compost that does not emit an unpleasant odor can be obtained by using only inexpensive and safe slaked lime.

In the present invention, preferably, the temperature of the base material during the constant-rate drying period is maintained at 30 to 60 ° C. to promote fermentation.

The method of the present invention is preferably characterized in that a garbage decomposing microorganism or a substance to which the microorganism is attached is added to a base material to promote fermentation.

Fermentation required for composting, that is, factors affecting the decomposition of organic substances by microorganisms include temperature, pH, oxygen concentration, and water content as operable factors.

In the hot air direct blowing method of the present invention, a large amount of air is supplied into the base material and the oxygen partial pressure of the water layer in the base material is increased. The moisture content of the base material from the preheating period to the constant-rate drying period is about 60 to 30%. During the preheating period, slaked lime was added, and the base material pH was increased.
In addition, if the base material temperature optimal for fermentation is maintained using the wet bulb temperature, necessary and optimal conditions for the decomposition of organic substances by microorganisms can be created. Here, the base material temperature is over 30 ° C
Above, organic substances can be decomposed by aerobic or facultative anaerobic bacteria.

The relationship between the base material temperature and the decomposition rate of organic substances is represented by the Arrhenius equation. The decomposition rate of organic substances is an exponential function of absolute temperature. The higher the temperature, the higher the decomposition rate of organic substances. However, the decomposition of organic matter is an enzymatic reaction in the organism of a microorganism, and the higher the temperature, the more inactive the enzyme in the organism of the microorganism, and the more the in vivo protein including the enzyme is denatured. The temperature range in which the two are balanced and the organic matter decomposition rate can be maximized is actually 55-60 ° C. In this temperature range, organic substances can be decomposed by moderately thermophilic bacteria of the genus Bacillus. It is mainly carbohydrates that are decomposed, producing CO ₂ and H ₂ O. This greatly contributes to lowering the C / N ratio of the compost.

The moderately thermophilic bacterium of the genus Bacillus is a ubiquitous microorganism, and starts to grow under the above-mentioned conditions. It is not particularly necessary to add a seed bacterium for fermentation, but when processing garbage in which there are almost no microorganisms, or when processing garbage for the first time, in order to increase the initial bacterial mass, garbage decomposition The microorganism itself or a substance to which the microorganism is attached can be added to the base material to maintain the fermentation or fix the microorganism in the tank.

When the garbage-decomposing microorganism itself is added, it does not matter in what form it is used, such as dried cells or culture solution itself. This is because, if living cells of Bacillus bacterium are not vegetatively proliferating cells, but dormant spores, proliferation will start promptly if the above conditions are satisfied.

The medium components, the culture method and the drying method may be those known in fermentation engineering, and are not limited. The substance to which the garbage decomposing microorganisms are attached is not particularly limited, but the treated base material itself is suitable.

In the present invention, preferably, the base material temperature is maintained at 60 to 70 ° C. for one hour or more during the reduced-rate drying period to kill pathogenic bacteria in the base material, kill insects, kill eggs, and prevent weed seeds. Activation is performed.

During the rate decreasing drying period, the water content of the base material becomes 30% or less and continues to decrease. At such a low water content, the water activity is reduced and the microorganism stops growing. Here, the water activity means a = p / ps (a: water activity [-], p: water vapor pressure [p
a], ps: saturated water vapor pressure [ps]), and represents the degree of evaporation of water from the base material.

Under such low water activity conditions, the base material temperature is raised to 60-
By maintaining the temperature at 70 ° C. for 1 hour or more, pathogenic bacteria in the base material can be killed, and insecticide, egg killing, and inactivation of weed seeds can be easily performed.

・ Existing as garbage decomposing microorganisms
Bacillus bacteria do not die because they form dormant spores.

Thus, deodorization of organic acid odor during the preheating period, decomposition of organic substances and reduction of C / N ratio during the constant-rate drying period,
Sterilization of harmful microorganisms is performed during the reduced-rate drying period, and high-quality compost can be provided. <Apparatus> An apparatus for carrying out the method of the present invention as described above comprises a stirring member in which stirring blades are attached to a plurality of rotating shafts extending in a substantially horizontal direction. A plurality of stirring tanks arranged so as to be horizontal and parallel to each other, and a hot-air supply device, and the garbage or the garbage thrown into the stirring tank or below the base material deposition surface where the base material is added The hot air supply device is connected to the stirring tank such that hot air is supplied to an opening formed in the stirring tank at a position and is blown into the stirring tank.

According to such an apparatus, by rotating the stirring member, the base material is crushed and mixed, and at the same time, hot air from the opening is directly blown into the base material. Then, the garbage is composted as described in <Method>. At this time, the apparatus of the present invention is a horizontal apparatus in which the stirring member is arranged in the horizontal direction, so that the base material is not classified by its own weight as in the vertical apparatus, and the base material is mixed and stirred in the vertical direction. It is bitten between the inner wall of the tank and the stirring member, squeezed and rubbed, and crushed reliably. Further, when the stirring member comes to the central region between the tanks due to the rotation of the stirring member, it is also crushed by being squeezed, rubbed, etc. by being sandwiched between the stirring members.

Preferably, the stirring member has a plurality of radial stirring blades extending in the radial direction of the rotation plane attached to the rotation shaft at a plurality of positions on the rotation shaft, and at least two radial stirring blades on the rotation shaft. The tip is connected by an axial wing member. Such axial wing members ensure crushing.

In forming the axial wing member, the shape may be a single continuous member or a discontinuous shape obtained by dividing the single member into several parts.

The stirring tank is preferably characterized in that an inner bottom surface is formed along a three-dimensional plane enclosing the locus drawn by the tip of the stirring blade when the stirring member rotates. By doing so, the base material is reliably engaged between the stirring tank and the stirring member, and since the apparatus configuration includes a plurality of stirring tanks, the base material and The contact area and contact time with the tank inner wall and the stirring member are increased, and the crushing effect is improved.

The plurality of agitating members are preferably characterized in that adjacent ones rotate in opposite directions, and that the rotation direction is periodically reversed. According to this stirring method, the mixed state is made uniform without the base material rotating together with the stirring member.

Here, the control target of the stirring includes the rotation speed of the stirring blade, the peripheral speed, and the power required for the stirring. However, in consideration of the crushing effect, the rotation speed is set in the range of 0.4 to 3.0 rpm. Control is appropriate, and within this range, 1 rpm is desirable in view of the required power.

As described above, according to the present invention, garbage can be crushed in a short time without using a crusher and without high-speed stirring, and the finished compost can be made fine and uniform. Can be. In addition, since the specific surface area of the garbage required for water evaporation increases in a short time, it contributes to shortening the time required for reducing the base material moisture content.

In the apparatus of the present invention, the opening formed in the stirring tank is 0-90 °, preferably 0-60 °, when the horizontal direction of the tank outside is 0 ° and the vertical downward direction is 90 ° with respect to the rotation axis. °, and is characterized by being distributed at a plurality of lateral positions on at least one side wall of the stirring tank or the processing machine.

By providing an opening in such a position range, the hot air cannot be sufficiently blown into the base material above the horizontal position depending on the volume of the base material, and cannot be blown vertically below the base material. The problem that the opening is easily closed by the material can be avoided, the hot air is reliably blown into the base material, and the clogging in the opening is reduced. At this time, if a removable lid-like flange is provided in front of the opening outside the tank, even if the opening is closed, the flange can be removed and the opening can be easily cleaned.

The opening is provided on at least one side wall of the stirring tank or the processor. In the apparatus of the present invention, since a plurality of stirring tanks can be regarded as a completely mixed state as a whole, air is blown from two or more side walls. If the amount of heat input is the same as in the case, it is possible to dry other tanks other than the one tank into which the hot air is blown, and the change of the base material moisture content over time is the same.

The opening is preferably provided with a penetrating member, which penetrates manually or automatically at a predetermined time, thereby preventing the opening from being blocked.

The stirring tank is preferably provided with an auxiliary heat source at or near the bottom, and contributes to an increase in the amount of inflow heat particularly during the preheating period and the reduced-rate drying period.

It is preferable that a fire extinguisher / smoke device is provided in the upper space inside the stirring tank, so that the safety of operation is ensured.

Further, preferably, an exhaust hole for connecting an exhaust pipe is provided at the upper part of the stirring tank, and a cylindrical mesh body extends downward in the stirring tank around the exhaust pipe. It is characterized in that it is provided so that

Although the dust does not scatter when the moisture content of the base material is high, the dust scatters as the moisture content decreases. At that time, the gas containing dust flows near the inner wall of the processing tank, and passes through the net as it is when the net is not clogged. However, if the dust adheres to the mesh little by little, accumulates gradually, and clogs the mesh, gas cannot pass any more,
As a downward flow outside the net, the flow flows around the lower edge of the net and flows into the net to become an upward flow. At that time, the dust particles have inertial force due to their own weight, so they fall down and separate from the gas flow, and the gas from which the dust is separated is discharged from the exhaust pipe. In this way, the suction of scattered dust is reduced, and clogging inside the exhaust pipe can be prevented.

[0064]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 to FIG.
An embodiment of the present invention will be described based on the above.

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of the apparatus of this embodiment. The processing machine 10 of the present embodiment includes two stirring tanks 11, 1
2 are integrally formed, and the lower space is a semi-cylindrical bottom 1
It is divided at 1A and 12A, and communicates above it to form one space. The two bottoms 1
1A and 12A extend in the horizontal direction, that is, in the direction perpendicular to the plane of FIG. Horizontal stirring members 13 and 14 are disposed in the lower spaces, respectively. Stirring members 13, 14 are rotating shafts 13A, 14A extending in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the drawing at the center of the arc forming bottoms 11A, 12A, and stirring blades 13B, extending radially from rotating shafts 13A, 14A. 14B. A plurality of stirring blades 13B and 14B are provided, and are distributed and located at predetermined intervals and angles in the circumferential direction and the axial direction. The rotating shafts 13A and 14A are connected to motors 15 and 1 respectively.
6 driven and rotated. In the illustrated example, they rotate in opposite directions.

The stirring tanks 11 and 12 have side walls 11B and 1 extending upward from the semi-cylindrical bottoms 11A and 12A.
2B, and the upper edges of the side walls 11B, 12B are covered by continuous lids 11C, 12C. The stirring tanks 11 and 12 are provided with a plurality of nozzle-shaped openings 17 and 18 slightly below the boundary between the bottoms 11A and 12A and the side walls 11B and 12B. The openings 17, 18 are in the transverse direction (rotational axis 13, as seen in FIG. 2 (only one side
A, 14A) are formed at a plurality of positions at equal intervals. In the present embodiment, a nozzle-like cylindrical member 17A is provided in the opening 17 (similarly to the opening 18), and a box 19 is attached to the outer surfaces of the stirring tanks 11 and 12 so as to surround the plurality of cylindrical members 17A. Have been. The box 19 is provided with a flange 20 as a lid so as to be detachable, so that the box 19 can be opened and closed. In the box 19, an air supply pipe 2 for supplying hot air is provided.
1 is connected. The temperature detector 22 is provided in the tank.
A, 22B are provided.

Further, at least one of the two stirring tanks 11 and 12 has an openable / closable inlet 23 for feeding garbage at an upper portion and an openable / closable outlet 24 for discharging compost on a side portion. Is provided. Further, as a preferred form, the lid 11 is provided in the two stirring tanks 11 and 12.
Nozzles 25 and 26 are attached to C and 12C downward. A water supply source 28 such as tap water is connected to the nozzles 25 and 26 via a valve 27 provided outside the tank. Further, the lids 11C and 12 are provided with an exhaust unit 2.
9 are provided. The exhaust portion 29 is provided with an exhaust hole 29A.
And an exhaust pipe 29B extending inward around the periphery thereof, and a cylindrical mesh body 29C surrounding the exhaust pipe 29B and being longer than the exhaust pipe 29B.

A hot air supply device 30 and a control device 31 are provided outside the stirring tank. The hot air supply device 30 has a heater 30A and a blower 30B, and is connected to openings 17 and 18 of the stirring tanks 11 and 12 by a pipe 32.
In the example of FIG. 2, the pipe 32 is connected to the air supply pipe 21 of the box 19, and is connected to the openings 17 and 18 via the box 19. The pipe 32 is provided with a temperature detector 33 and a pressure gauge 34.
B is provided with an inverter 35 for changing the amount of hot air.

The control device 31 is connected to the motors 15 and 16 via an inverter 36 for changing the rotation speed so as to control the motors 15 and 16.
0 is connected to the heater 30A and to the blower 30B via the inverter 35 so as to control 0. further,
The output signals of the temperature detectors 22A and 22B in the stirring tanks 11 and 12 and the temperature detector 33 of the pipe 32 are supplied to the controller 31, and the controller 31 performs predetermined control based on the detector signals. Emits a signal.

In the apparatus of the present embodiment, a plurality of panel heaters 37 and 38 are attached to the bottom outer surfaces of the stirring tanks 11 and 12 as preferred auxiliary heat sources. The operation and output of the auxiliary heat sources 37 and 38 are also controlled by the control device 31.

In the apparatus of this embodiment as described above, garbage is composted in the following manner.

First, the inlet 23 of the stirring tank 11 is opened,
Put garbage from here.

In the stirring tanks 11 and 12, the stirring members 13 and
14 rotate in opposite directions, and the base material is sufficiently stirred while being crushed by them. Also, into the base material,
Hot air from heater 30A is blown directly through openings 17 and 18 to heat the base material. When the heating of the base material is not sufficient with hot air alone, the auxiliary heat sources 37 and 38 are also operated to heat the base material in an auxiliary manner.

The base material heated by hot air while being stirred is:
As shown in FIG. 3, starting from the time of introduction, fermentation is performed and composted after a preheating period, a constant-rate drying period, and a reduced-rate drying period. The compost is taken out from the outlet 24 in FIG.

The hot air temperature and the amount of hot air necessary for controlling the temporal change of the water content and the base material temperature in FIG. 3 can be calculated in advance from the base material amount and the base material initial water content.
Since the base material temperature is determined by the inflow heat amount, which is a function of the hot air temperature and the hot air amount, the difference between the calculated value of the base material temperature and the detected value can be corrected by changing the hot air temperature and the hot air amount. The base material temperature detector 22A detects the air flow of the blower 30B in the hot air supply device 30, the temperature of the heater 30A, and the auxiliary heat sources 37 and 38, thereby executing a predetermined process.

The rotation speed of the agitation can be changed by controlling the rotation speed of the motors 15 and 16 by changing the frequency of the inverter 36. This change in the number of rotations may include intermittent stoppage, and also change in the rotation direction. These are appropriately set according to the situation of the base material so that the crushing and heating of the base material are uniformly performed on the whole.

After the exhaust gas rises in the tank, the lid 11C,
A transition is made to the exhaust portion 29 along 12C, and the cylindrical mesh 29
C is discharged through the exhaust hole 29A. The dust contained in the exhaust gas gradually adheres to the tubular net 29C during the passage of the exhaust gas. Further, when the tubular net 29C is clogged, the gas cannot permeate through the tubular net 29C, so that the flow of the gas is deflected downward and then goes around the lower edge of the tubular net 29C. Through the exhaust pipe 29B and the exhaust hole 29A
To reach. At that time, the dust in the gas descends due to its own weight at the time of downward deflection, and is separated from the gas reaching the exhaust port 29A.

When an abnormally high temperature is detected by the temperature detector 22B, the nozzle 2 is used to prevent a fire or the like from occurring.
Water is automatically sprinkled from 5, 26 to extinguish fire and smoke.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment.
For example, in FIG. 1, an oxygen supply source 39 is connected to the pipe 32, and an excess amount of oxygen can be supplied as appropriate to further promote aerobic fermentation.

Next, as a stirring member, in addition to the radial stirring blades 13B and 14B as shown in FIG. 1, an axial blade connecting these stirring blades 13B and 14B as shown in FIG. If the member 13C (14C) is provided, the base material which tends to adhere to the bottom surface of the stirring tank is scraped off, and the stirring and mixing and crushing are promoted.

Next, the opening 1 for sending hot air into the tank was prepared.
In order to directly feed the hot air into the base material, in FIG. 1, in order to send the hot air into the base material, the hot air is positioned below the horizontal line with the horizontal line from the rotating shafts 13A, 14A toward the side walls 11B, 12B as a reference line. It is preferable that an angle between a line drawn from the rotation shafts 13A and 14A toward the openings 17 and 18 to be formed and the reference line is 0 to 90 °. Furthermore, 0-
Preferably it is 60 °.

The openings 17 and 18 may be gradually clogged by the base material in the tank. To cope with this, it is preferable to provide a penetrating member so that the opening can be penetrated and cleaned manually or automatically at a predetermined time. The penetrating member may be configured such that the openings can be cleaned one by one, or a plurality of openings may be cleaned simultaneously.

In order to suppress the acid odor emitted from the base material,
Slaked lime can be mixed into the base material before or before the preheating period.

In order to promote the fermentation of the base material, the base material temperature during the constant-rate drying period is preferably maintained at 30 to 60 ° C. Further, a garbage decomposing microorganism or a substance to which the microorganism is attached may be added to a base material to promote fermentation.

In order to kill the pathogens in the base material, kill insects, kill eggs, and inactivate weed seeds, the base material must be kept at 60 to 70 ° C. for one hour or more during the reduced-rate drying period. It is effective.

[0086]

According to the present invention, as described above, hot garbage or a base material obtained by adding a base material to the garbage is directly blown into the base material while stirring it with a horizontal processing machine.
With a device having a simple structure and a simple method, the base material can be uniformly stirred and crushed, and further, fermentation of the base material can be promoted and composted. In addition, crushing and stirring are performed more uniformly and reliably than in a vertical apparatus.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a partially broken perspective view showing an opening of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 and the vicinity thereof.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a state change from the input of a base material to composting.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a main part of another embodiment of the stirring member.

[Description of Signs] 10 Processors 11, 12 Stirring tanks 13, 14 Stirring members 13A, 14A Rotary shafts 13B, 14B Stirring blades (radial stirring blades) 13C, 14C Axial blade members 17, 18 Openings 25, 26 Fire extinguishing and extinguishing Smoke device (nozzle) 29 Exhaust part 29A Exhaust hole 29B Exhaust pipe 29C Cylindrical net 30 Hot air supply device

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) C05F 9/02 B09B 3/00 ZABD F-term (Reference) 4D004 AA03 BA04 CA15 CA19 CA22 CA42 CA46 CA48 CB04 CB28 CB32 CB36 CC08 CC12 DA02 DA03 DA06 DA09 DA11 DA12 DA13 4G037 CA01 CA18 EA03 4G078 AA16 AA22 AB20 BA01 BA07 DA03 EA03 4H061 AA02 AA03 CC47 CC55 EE12 EE66 GG10 GG16 GG18 GG19 GG43 GG48 GG67 GG68 LL69

Claims (19)

[Claims] Claims 1. Raw garbage or raw garbage plus a base material is introduced into a stirring tank of a horizontal processing machine as a base material, and hot air is blown directly into the base material to reduce a preheating period, a constant-rate drying period, and the like. During the rate drying period, the base material temperature and the base material moisture content with time and the wet bulb temperature are calculated in advance, the base material temperature is detected, and the calculated base material temperature and the detected value are calculated based on the detected temperature. A method for composting garbage, comprising calculating a heat input amount required to correct a difference, and controlling a hot air temperature and a hot air amount. 2. The stirring tank is provided with an auxiliary heat source, the base material is also heated by the auxiliary heat source together with the hot air, and the output of the auxiliary heat source is also controlled by the detected base material temperature. 3. A method for composting garbage according to the above. 3. The method for composting garbage according to claim 1, wherein the transition from the constant rate drying period to the reduced rate drying period is determined by a change in the detected temperature of the base material. 4. The method for composting garbage according to claim 1, wherein the amount of hot air during the reduced-rate drying period is smaller than the amount of hot air during the constant-rate drying period. 5. The method for composting garbage according to claim 1, wherein slaked lime is mixed into the base material before or before the preheating period to suppress acid odor generated by the base material. 6. The base material temperature during the constant-rate drying period is 30 to 60.
C. to maintain fermentation to promote fermentation.
3. A method for composting garbage according to the above. 7. The method for composting garbage according to claim 1, wherein a garbage-decomposing microorganism or a substance to which the microorganism is attached is added to a base material to promote fermentation. 8. A base material temperature of 60 to 70 during the reduced rate drying period.
The method for composting garbage according to claim 1, wherein the garbage is kept at a temperature of not less than 1 hour to kill pathogenic bacteria in the base material, kill insects, kill eggs, and inactivate weed seeds. 9. A plurality of agitators in which a stirring member having stirring blades attached to a plurality of rotating shafts extending in a substantially horizontal direction is arranged such that the rotating shafts are substantially horizontal and parallel to each other at a predetermined interval. A tank and a hot-air supply device, and hot air is supplied to an opening formed in the stirring tank at a position below the deposition surface of the garbage or the base material added to the garbage put into the stirring tank. A garbage composting device, wherein the hot air supply device is connected to the stirring tank so as to supply and blow into the stirring tank. 10. The stirring member has a plurality of radial stirring blades extending in a radial direction of a rotation plane attached to the rotation shaft at a plurality of positions on the rotation shaft, and a tip of at least two radial stirring blades on the rotation shaft. The garbage composting device according to claim 9, wherein the garbage composting device is connected by an axial wing member. 11. The compost of garbage according to claim 9, wherein the stirring tank has an inner bottom surface formed along a three-dimensional surface enclosing a locus drawn by the tip of the stirring blade when the stirring member rotates. Device. 12. The garbage composting apparatus according to claim 9, wherein adjacent ones of the plurality of stirring members rotate in opposite directions. 13. The stirrer according to claim 9, wherein the rotation direction of the plurality of stirring members is periodically reversed.
A composting device for garbage according to item 1. 14. The opening is 0 to 9 when the horizontal direction of the outside of the tank is 0 ° and the vertical direction is 90 ° with respect to the rotation axis.
The garbage compost according to claim 9, wherein the compost is provided in a position range of 0 ° and is distributed at a plurality of lateral positions of at least one side wall of the stirring tank or the processing machine. Device. 15. The garbage composting device according to claim 14, wherein the position range of the opening is 0 to 60 °. 16. The opening according to claim 9, wherein the opening is provided with a penetrating member, which penetrates manually or automatically at a predetermined time. Garbage composting equipment. 17. The apparatus for composting garbage according to claim 9, wherein the stirring tank is provided with an auxiliary heat source at or near the bottom. 18. The composting device for garbage according to claim 9, wherein a fire extinguishing and smoke eliminating device is disposed in an upper space inside the stirring tank. 19. An exhaust hole for connecting an exhaust pipe is provided at an upper portion of the stirring tank, and a cylindrical mesh body is provided around the exhaust pipe so as to extend downward in the stirring tank. The garbage composting device according to claim 9, wherein the garbage is composted.