JP3974323B2 - Garbage composting method and apparatus - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention belongs to the technical field of composting garbage, and particularly relates to a composting method and apparatus.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As an apparatus for composting garbage, for example, a vertical apparatus disclosed in JP-A-10-182271 and utility model registration No. 3028102 is known.
[0003]
In these apparatuses, a stirring blade extending in the radial direction is attached to a hollow shaft extending in the vertical direction in the tank, and heated air is blown out from the end of the stirring blade through the hollow shaft. In such an apparatus, the garbage thrown into the tank receives heated air while being stirred and is composted.
[0004]
On the other hand, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-202413 discloses a horizontal garbage disposal apparatus. In this apparatus, two rotating stirring members are arranged in parallel to each other in a horizontal plane in the tank, and the garbage in the tank is refined by stirring blades provided on the stirring member so as to extend in the radial direction. , Promoting decomposition and disappearance (reduction in weight).
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the above-described known vertical type apparatus, since the garbage is accumulated in the vertical direction in the tank, large and small garbage is classified in the vertical direction in relation to gravity, and crushing and stirring are performed. It becomes non-uniform and the physical properties of the treatment become non-uniform. Moreover, since air supply is performed by the movable part of a stirring member, it becomes a complicated apparatus.
[0006]
On the other hand, in the horizontal type known apparatus, even if crushing and stirring are performed well, air is not actively supplied to the garbage, so even if the garbage can be dried, Not suitable.
[0007]
In view of such circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for composting garbage and an apparatus suitable for composting with a simple configuration.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  According to the present invention, the above objects are achieved as follows. In the present invention, “compost” means primary compost obtained by drying and reducing the volume of primary garbage and primary fermentation, and “fermentation” means primary fermentation.
<Method>
  The raw garbage composting method of the present invention is a batch or semi-batch type treatment, in which raw garbage or raw garbage added with a base material is used as a base material in a stirring tank of a horizontal processing machine, and hot air is directly applied. Blowing into the base materialComposting food waste. In this method, the target drying time and the target finished compost moisture content are set as target values for the input base material, and the conditions of hot air temperature and hot air volume corresponding to the target values are determined.Pre-calculation of base material temperature and base material moisture content over time and wet bulb temperature during preheating period, constant rate drying period, and reduced rate drying periodShi,Of the base materialDetect the base material temperature and detect thisBase materialBased on the temperature, calculate the amount of heat input required to correct the difference between the calculated value of the base metal temperature and the detected value.TheThe hot air temperature and the amount of hot air are controlled.
[0009]
In the drying method in which hot air is blown directly into the base material, the amount of heat given from the hot air to the base material is consumed to increase the base material temperature and also to decrease the moisture content. This period is called the preheating period. When the base material temperature reaches a certain value, it remains constant and the inflow heat quantity is converted into the latent heat of vaporization of moisture in the base material, and the moisture content decreases. The period until the moisture content reaches the critical moisture content is called a constant rate drying period, and the base material temperature in this period is called the wet bulb temperature. When the moisture content of the base material reaches the critical moisture content, it shifts to the decreasing rate drying period, and the inflow heat amount is again consumed for the rise of the base material temperature and the evaporation of moisture.
[0010]
The method of the present invention operates as follows in the above three periods.
[0011]
▲ 1 ▼ Preheating period
・ The hot air enthalpy is determined from the hot air temperature and the outside air humidity.
The amount of inflow heat given to the base material is determined from the amount of hot air.
[0012]
The base material temperature is determined as a change from the base material initial temperature so that the sum of the exhaust heat amount from the base material and the moisture heat reception in the base material becomes equal to the inflow heat amount.
[0013]
・ Exhaust heat quantity is based on base metal temperature and hot air quantity, and moisture heat reception is based on base metal temperature and base air quantity.
Determined from the initial moisture content of the wood.
[0014]
-The amount of water evaporation is determined from the base material temperature and the amount of hot air, and the base material moisture content is determined.
[0015]
-The base material temperature when the hot air enthalpy and the exhaust enthalpy are equal is obtained as the wet bulb temperature. That is, when the conditions of the hot air temperature and the amount of hot air are determined, it is possible to determine the wet bulb temperature, the base material temperature until the wet bulb temperature is reached, and the change in moisture content over time. Here, since the influence of the change of the outside air humidity on the calculation result is very small, in practice it is not necessary to measure each time if a representative value is determined.
[0016]
・ The initial moisture content of the base material varies depending on the type of garbage, but the moisture content of the garbage is calculated as an average of around 80%. When an accurate value is required, it is obtained in advance by a drying method or the like.
[0017]
▲ 2 ▼ Constant rate drying period
・ When the base material temperature reaches the wet bulb temperature, the base material temperature does not change thereafter, and all the inflow heat is converted into the latent heat of vaporization of the water, and the base material moisture content continues to decrease until the limit moisture content is reached.
[0018]
・ Changes in moisture content of the base material over time are determined by the amount of heat input.
[0019]
・ The critical moisture content is generally difficult to estimate and must be determined by actual measurement. However, although depending on the type of garbage, the inventor obtained an average value of about 32% through experiments.
[0020]
(3) Decreasing drying period
・ If the matrix moisture content decreases to the critical moisture content, the amount of moisture that moves from the interior of the matrix particles to the surface is less than the amount of moisture that evaporates, so the drying rate decreases, and part of the inflow heat quantity is the matrix temperature. The base material temperature starts to rise again.
I will.
[0021]
The change with time of the base material moisture content and the base material temperature can be obtained by calculation from the hot air temperature and the amount of hot air as in the preheating period.
[0022]
In the method of the present invention, preferably, when the amount of inflow heat is low only with hot air, an auxiliary heat source is used in combination to supplement the amount of heat that is insufficient in calculation, and the output of the auxiliary heat source is also controlled by the base material detection temperature. .
[0023]
The method of the present invention is preferably characterized in that the transition from the constant rate drying period to the reduced rate drying period is determined by a change in the detected temperature of the base material.
[0024]
In the present invention, preferably, the amount of hot air is made smaller than the amount of hot air during the constant rate drying period during the reduction rate drying period.
[0025]
  Rate of decreaseDryDuring the period, the base material is in a dry state, and dust is scattered and discharged by blowing hot air. On the other hand, if a dust collector such as a cyclone is not used, it is necessary to suppress the amount of hot air, that is, the gas superficial velocity inside the stirring tank, as compared with the constant rate drying period. In order to compensate for the decrease in the drying rate, it is desirable to increase the inflow heat amount by using an auxiliary heat source or increasing the output.
[0026]
・ As described above, when shifting to the reduced rate drying period, it is necessary to reduce the amount of hot air and use an auxiliary heat source or increase the output, but in actual operation, from the constant rate drying period to the reduced rate drying period. In order to judge the shift of the material without using an expensive non-contact moisture meter, the change in the base material temperature must be used as an index.
[0027]
-The present inventor has obtained from a number of experiments the knowledge that an average increase of 1 to 2 ° C. per hour from the wet bulb temperature of the base material temperature can be judged as the transition to the decreasing rate drying period. In addition, the present inventor has obtained from a number of experiments the knowledge that dust in the base material occurs when the gas superficial velocity in the tank is 3.1 cm / s during the reduced rate drying period. Desirably, the air is blown so as to be about 50% of this value. If this is lowered too much, there is a concern about clogging at the opening for blowing hot air, but it has also been found that clogging of the opening does not occur if the opening position is as described above under normal blowing conditions. The clogging of the opening when the amount of hot air is excessively lowered is easily detected by a pressure gauge inserted in the air blowing path.
[0028]
-At the time of shifting to the reduced rate drying period, while reducing the amount of hot air, by using the auxiliary heat source together or increasing the output, it is possible to prevent a decrease in the drying speed and dust scattering.
[0029]
The time-dependent change in the base material moisture content and base material temperature can be obtained by calculation from the hot air temperature, the amount of hot air, and the output of the auxiliary heat source, as in the preheating period. The driver may stop the operation when it is estimated that the desired moisture content has been reached.
[0030]
-A series of calculations, judgments, and control of device operation can be automatically performed by a computer and a sequencer.
[0031]
As described above, only the hot air temperature, the hot air flow and the auxiliary heat source output are controlled, and only the base material temperature is monitored, and the moisture content of the base material over time can be measured without using an expensive non-contact moisture meter. Change can be estimated. And a target drying time and a finished compost moisture content can be set, and a required condition can be calculated | required simply.
[0032]
The method of the present invention is preferably characterized in that slaked lime is mixed into the base material before or during the preheating period to suppress acid odor generated by the base material.
[0033]
-When the base material temperature is maintained at 30 ° C. or higher from the preheating period to the constant rate drying period, organic acid fermentation by microorganisms occurs in any kind of garbage. Even if the degree of fermentation is small, it gives off a very unpleasant acid odor, soaks into the base material, and then continues to give off an acid odor. On the other hand, by adding a small amount of alkaline slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) to the base material, neutralization of the organic acid and increase of the base material pH occur, and the acid odor can be almost completely eliminated. Further, for composting, the higher the pH, the greater the oxygen consumption rate of microorganisms, which is advantageous.
[0034]
It goes without saying that slaked lime is preferably introduced before the start of organic acid fermentation, that is, at the beginning of the preheating period.
[0035]
-Thus, it can be set as the compost which does not emit an unpleasant odor only using cheap and safe slaked lime.
[0036]
In this invention, Preferably, the base material temperature in a constant rate drying period is maintained at 30-60 degreeC, It is characterized by accelerating | stimulating fermentation.
[0037]
Preferably, the method of the present invention is characterized in that fermentation-promoting is promoted by adding a garbage-decomposing microorganism or a substance attached with the microorganism to the base material.
[0038]
-Factors that affect the fermentation required for composting, that is, the decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms, include temperature, pH, oxygen concentration, and moisture content as operable.
I can get lost.
[0039]
In the direct hot air blowing method of the method of the present invention, a large amount of air is supplied into the base material, and the oxygen partial pressure of the water layer in the base material is increased. The moisture content of the base material from the preheating period to the constant rate drying period is about 60-30%. During the preheating period, slaked lime is added and the base material pH is increased. In addition to this, if the base material temperature optimal for fermentation is maintained using the wet bulb temperature, the necessary and optimal conditions for the decomposition of organic substances by microorganisms can be created. If the base material temperature is 30 ° C. or higher, organic substances are decomposed by aerobic or facultative anaerobic bacteria.
You can let them.
[0040]
The relationship between the base material temperature and the organic matter decomposition rate is expressed by the Arrhenius equation. The organic matter decomposition rate is an exponential function of absolute temperature, and the higher the temperature, the higher the organic matter decomposition rate. However, organic matter decomposition is an in vivo enzyme reaction of microorganisms, and the higher the temperature, the more in vivo microorganism enzymes are deactivated and the in vivo proteins including the enzyme are denatured. The temperature range in which both are balanced and the organic matter decomposition rate can be maximized is actually 55-60 ° C. In this temperature range, organic matter decomposition by moderately thermophilic bacteria of the genus Bacillus can be performed. It is mainly carbohydrates that are degraded, and CO₂And H₂O is generated. This greatly contributes to lowering the C / N ratio of compost.
[0041]
-The moderately thermophilic bacterium of the genus Bacillus is a ubiquitous microorganism and starts to grow if the above conditions are met. Although it is not necessary to add inoculum for the purpose of fermentation, in order to increase the amount of initial bacteria when treating garbage that is almost free of microorganisms, or when treating garbage for the first time, garbage decomposition The microorganism itself or a substance to which the microorganism is attached can be added to the base material to maintain fermentation or to fix the microorganism in the tank.
[0042]
-When adding garbage-decomposing microorganisms themselves, there are no restrictions on the type of use, such as dry cells or culture itself. This is because, even if it is a living cell of a bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus, even if it is not a vegetative growth cell but a dormant spore, if the above-mentioned conditions are established, it will start to grow rapidly.
[0043]
-Moreover, a culture medium component, a culture method, and a drying method can use a well-known culture medium and method in fermentation engineering, These are not limited. The substance to which the garbage-decomposing microorganisms are attached is not particularly limited, but an already-treated base material itself is suitable.
[0044]
In the present invention, preferably, the base material temperature is kept at 60 to 70 ° C. for 1 hour or more during the rate-decreasing drying period to kill pathogens in the base material, and to perform insecticidal, ovicidal, and weed seed inactivation. It is characterized by doing.
[0045]
・ During the reduced rate drying period, the moisture content of the base material becomes 30% or less and continues to decrease. At such a low water content, the water activity decreases and the microorganisms stop growing. Here, water activity means a = p / ps (a: water activity [−], p: water vapor pressure [Pa], ps: saturated water vapor pressure [Pa]) And represents the degree of water evaporation from the base material.
[0046]
・ Under such low water activity conditions, the temperature of the base material is raised to 60-70 ° C. for 1 hour or more by utilizing the base material temperature rise during the decreasing rate drying period, thereby killing pathogenic bacteria in the base material. , Insecticidal, egg-killing, and weed seed inactivation
Can be easily performed.
[0047]
・ Bacillus bacteria already present as garbage-decomposing microorganisms form dormant spores and do not die.
[0048]
  -In this way, deodorization of organic acid odor during the preheating period, organic matter decomposition and C / N ratio during the constant rate drying period
, Sterilization of harmful microorganisms during the drying period, and good quality compost can be provided.
<Device>
  An apparatus for carrying out the method of the present invention as described above comprises a stirring member having a stirring blade attached to a plurality of rotating shafts extending in a substantially horizontal direction, the rotating shafts being substantially horizontal to each other at a predetermined interval. The stirring member includes a plurality of stirring tanks arranged so as to be parallel to each other, and a hot air supply device, and the stirring member includes a radial stirring blade extending in a radial direction of a rotation plane at a plurality of positions on the rotation shaft. Mounted and on the axis of rotationIn the middle in the axial directionThe tip of at least two radial stirring blades are connected by an axial blade member, and at a position below the deposition surface of the raw material thrown into the stirring tank or the base material added with the base material to the raw garbage When the horizontal direction of the outer side of the tank is 0 ° and the vertical downward direction is 90 ° with respect to the rotation axis, it is provided in a position range of 0 to 90 °, preferably 0 to 60 °. The hot air supply device is connected to the agitation tank so that hot air is supplied to the openings formed in the agitation tank and distributed in a plurality of lateral positions on at least one side wall of the agitation tank or the processing machine and blown into the agitation tank. It is characterized by being.
[0049]
  According to such an apparatus, the base material is mixed while being crushed by the rotation of the stirring member, and at the same time, hot air from the opening is blown directly into the base material. Then, as described in <Method>, garbage is composted. At this time, the device of the present invention is a horizontal device in which the stirring members are arranged in the horizontal direction, so that the base material is not classified by its own weight as in the vertical device, and the base material is mixed by a stirring action that works in the vertical direction. It is caught between the inner wall of the tank and the stirring member, and is crushed by being squeezed and rubbed. Moreover, when it comes to the center area between tanks by rotation of a stirring member, by being pinched | interposed between stirring members, it is squeezed and crushed.Further, the above-described axial wing member ensures the crushing.
  By providing the opening in the above range, hot air cannot be sufficiently blown into the base material depending on the volume of the base material above the horizontal position, and the opening is formed by the base material below the vertical position. The problem of being easily blocked can be avoided, hot air is reliably blown into the base material, and clogging in the opening is reduced. At this time, if a detachable lid-like flange is provided on the front face of the opening outside the tank, even if the opening is closed, the flange can be removed and the opening can be easily cleaned.
  The opening is arranged on at least one side wall of the agitation tank or the processor, but the apparatus of the present invention can be regarded as a completely mixed state as a whole with a plurality of agitation tanks. If the amount of heat is the same, it is possible to dry other tanks other than one tank into which hot air is blown, and the change in moisture content of the base material with time is the same.
[0051]
In constituting the axial wing member, the shape thereof may be a continuous one or a discontinuous shape obtained by dividing the one piece into several parts.
[0052]
The stirring tank is preferably characterized in that an inner bottom surface is formed along a three-dimensional surface that encloses a locus drawn by the tip of the stirring blade when the stirring member rotates. By doing so, the base material is reliably bitten between the stirring tank and the stirring member, and the apparatus configuration includes a plurality of stirring tanks. The contact area and contact time with the inner wall of the tank and the stirring member are increased, and the crushing effect is improved.
[0053]
The plurality of stirring members are preferably characterized in that adjacent members rotate in opposite directions and the rotation direction is reversed with a period. By this stirring method, the base material does not co-rotate with the stirring member, and the mixed state is made uniform.
[0054]
Here, examples of the stirring control target include the rotation speed of the stirring blade, the peripheral speed, and the power required for stirring, but when considering the crushing effect, the rotation speed should be controlled within the range of 0.4 to 3.0 rpm. In this range, 1 rpm is desirable in consideration of the required power.
[0055]
Thus, according to the present invention, garbage can be crushed in a short time without using a crusher and stirring at high speed, and the finished compost can have fine and uniform properties. Moreover, since the specific surface area of the garbage required for water evaporation increases in a short time, it contributes to shortening the base material moisture content reduction time.
[0059]
Preferably, the opening is provided with a penetrating member, and the penetrating member is manually or automatically penetrating at a predetermined time to prevent the opening from being blocked.
[0060]
The agitation tank is preferably characterized by having an auxiliary heat source at or near the bottom, particularly contributing to an increase in inflow heat during the preheating period and the rate-decreasing drying period.
[0061]
A fire extinguishing / smoke eliminating device is preferably arranged in the upper space inside the stirring tank, and the safety of operation is ensured.
[0062]
Furthermore, preferably, an exhaust hole that enables connection of an exhaust pipe is provided at an upper portion of the stirring tank, and a cylindrical net member extends downward in the stirring tank around the exhaust pipe. It is characterized by being provided.
[0063]
Dust does not scatter when the base material moisture content is high, but dust scatters as the moisture content decreases. At that time, the gas containing dust flows near the inner wall of the treatment tank and passes through the mesh body as it is at the stage where the mesh body is not clogged. However, if dust adheres to the network little by little and gradually accumulates and clogs the network, gas will not pass any further, so the flow will flow down the outside of the network and flow around the lower edge of the network. It flows into the mesh body and becomes an upward flow. At that time, since the dust particles have an inertial force due to their own weight, they are lowered and separated from the gas flow, and the gas from which the dust is separated is discharged from the exhaust pipe. In this way, the inhalation of scattered dust is reduced and clogging inside the exhaust pipe can be prevented.
[0064]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4 of the accompanying drawings.
[0065]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of the apparatus according to the present embodiment. In the processing machine 10 of this embodiment, two agitation tanks 11 and 12 are integrally formed, and a lower space is divided by semi-cylindrical bottom portions 11A and 12A. It is a space. The two bottom portions 11A and 12A extend in a horizontal direction, that is, in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface in FIG. Horizontal stirring members 13 and 14 are disposed in the lower space, respectively. The agitating members 13 and 14 are rotating shafts 13A and 14A extending in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface at the center position of the arcs forming the bottom portions 11A and 12A, and stirring blades 13B and 13B extending radially from the rotating shafts 13A and 14A. 14B. A plurality of stirring blades 13B and 14B are provided, and are distributed and positioned with a predetermined interval and angle in the circumferential direction and the axial direction. The rotary shafts 13A and 14A are driven by motors 15 and 16 to rotate. In the illustrated example, they are rotating in opposite directions.
[0066]
The agitation tanks 11 and 12 have side wall portions 11B and 12B extending upward from the semi-cylindrical bottom portions 11A and 12A, and lid portions 11C and 12C that allow the upper edges of the side wall portions 11B and 12B to be continuous. Covered by. The stirring tanks 11 and 12 are provided with a plurality of nozzle-like openings 17 and 18 at positions slightly below the boundary positions between the bottom portions 11A and 12A and the side wall portions 11B and 12B. The openings 17 and 18 are formed at equal intervals in a plurality of positions in the lateral direction (parallel to the rotating shafts 13A and 14A) as seen in FIG. 2 (only the opening 17 on one side is shown). Yes. In the present embodiment, a nozzle-like cylindrical member 17A is provided in the opening 17 (the same applies to the opening 18), and a box 19 is attached to the outer surfaces of the stirring tanks 11 and 12 so as to surround the plurality of cylindrical members 17A. It has been. The box 19 is provided with a flange 20 as a lid so as to be detachable. The box 19 can be opened and closed. The box 19 is connected with an air supply pipe 21 for supplying hot air. Temperature detectors 22A and 22B are disposed in the tank.
[0067]
Furthermore, at least one of the two agitation tanks 11 and 12 is provided with an openable / closable inlet 23 for throwing in garbage at the upper portion, and an openable / closable outlet 24 for discharging compost at the side. ing. Further, in the two agitation tanks 11 and 12, as a preferred form, nozzles 25 and 26 are attached to the lid portions 11C and 12C facing downward. A water supply source 28 such as tap water is connected to the nozzles 25 and 26 through a valve 27 provided outside the tank. Further, an exhaust part 29 is provided in the lid parts 11C and 12. The exhaust portion 29 includes an exhaust hole 29A, an exhaust pipe 29B extending inwardly around the exhaust hole 29A, and a cylindrical net 29C that is around the exhaust pipe 29B and is longer than the exhaust pipe 29B.
[0068]
A hot air supply device 30 and a control device 31 are provided outside the agitation tank. The hot air supply device 30 includes a heater 30 </ b> A and a blower 30 </ b> B, and is connected to the openings 17 and 18 of the stirring tanks 11 and 12 by a pipe 32. In the example of FIG. 2, the pipe 32 is connected to the air supply pipe 21 of the box 19, and is connected to the openings 17 and 18 through the box 19. The piping 32 is provided with a temperature detector 33 and a pressure gauge 34, and the blower 30B is provided with an inverter 35 for changing the amount of hot air.
[0069]
The control device 31 is connected to the motors 15 and 16 so as to control the motors 15 and 16 via an inverter 36 for changing the number of revolutions, and the heater 30A and the hot air supply device 30 are controlled. It is connected to the blower 30B through the inverter 35. Further, the output signals of the temperature detectors 22A and 22B in the stirring tanks 11 and 12 and the temperature detector 33 of the pipe 32 are provided to the control device 31, and the control device 31 determines a predetermined signal based on the detector signals. The control signal is issued.
[0070]
Moreover, in this embodiment apparatus, the several panel heaters 37 and 38 are attached to the bottom outer surface of the stirring tanks 11 and 12 as a preferable auxiliary heat source. The operation and output of the auxiliary heat sources 37 and 38 are also controlled by the control device 31.
[0071]
In the present embodiment as described above, the garbage is composted in the following manner.
[0072]
First, the input port 23 of the stirring tank 11 is opened, and garbage is input from here.
[0073]
In the stirring tanks 11 and 12, the stirring members 13 and 14 rotate in opposite directions, and the base material is sufficiently stirred while being crushed by them. Further, hot air from the heater 30A is directly blown into the base material through the openings 17 and 18 to heat the base material. When heating of the base material is not sufficient with hot air alone, the auxiliary heat sources 37 and 38 are also operated to heat the base material supplementarily.
[0074]
As shown in FIG. 3, the base material heated with hot air while being stirred starts from the time of charging, and undergoes fermentation through a preheating period, a constant rate drying period, and a reduced rate drying period, and is composted. The compost is taken out from the outlet 24 in FIG.
[0075]
  From the amount of base material and the initial moisture content of base material,In the state diagramMoisture content and base material temperatureabout,The hot air temperature and the amount of hot air necessary for controlling the change with time can be calculated in advance. Since the base material temperature is determined by the inflow heat amount that is a function of the hot air temperature and the hot air amount, the difference between the calculated value of the base material temperature and the detected value can be corrected by changing the hot air temperature and the hot air amount. The base material temperature detector 22A detects the air volume of the blower 30B in the hot air supply device 30, the temperature of the heater 30A, and the auxiliary heat sources 37 and 38, thereby executing a predetermined process.
[0076]
The stirring speed can be changed by changing the frequency of the inverter 36 to control the speed of the motors 15 and 16. The change in the rotation speed may include intermittent stop and further change in the rotation direction. These are appropriately set according to the condition of the base material so that the base material is crushed and heated uniformly.
[0077]
After the exhaust gas rises in the tank, it moves to the exhaust part 29 along the lid parts 11C and 12C, passes through the cylindrical net 29C, and is discharged from the exhaust hole 29A. The dust contained in the exhaust gas gradually adheres to the cylindrical net 29C when the exhaust gas permeates. Further, when the cylindrical mesh body 29C is clogged, the gas cannot permeate the cylindrical mesh body 29C, so that the flow turns downward and then goes around the lower edge of the cylindrical mesh body 29C. And reaches the exhaust hole 29A through the exhaust pipe 29B. At that time, the dust in the gas falls by its own weight when turning downward and is separated from the gas reaching the exhaust port 29A.
[0078]
When an abnormally high temperature is detected by the temperature detector 22B, water is automatically sprinkled from the nozzles 25 and 26 to extinguish and extinguish the fire in order to prevent the occurrence of a fire or the like.
[0079]
The present invention is not limited to the above-described form. For example, in FIG. 1, an oxygen supply source 39 is connected to the pipe 32, and an excessive amount of oxygen can be appropriately supplied to further promote aerobic fermentation.
[0080]
Next, although it is a stirring member, in addition to the radial direction stirring blades 13B and 14B as seen in FIG. 1, as shown in FIG. 4, the axial direction blade member 13C (which connects these stirring blades 13B and 14B) ( 14C), the base material that tends to adhere to the bottom surface of the stirring tank is scraped off, and stirring and mixing and crushing are also promoted.
[0081]
Next, the positions of the openings 17 and 18 for sending hot air into the tank. In order to send the hot air directly into the base material, the side walls 11B and 12B from the rotary shafts 13A and 14A in FIG. The angle formed by the line drawn from the rotary shafts 13A and 14A toward the openings 17 and 18 positioned below the horizontal line and the reference line is preferably 0 to 90 °, with the horizontal line facing the reference line as the reference line. . Furthermore, it is preferable that it is 0-60 degrees.
[0082]
The openings 17 and 18 may be gradually clogged by the base material in the tank. In order to cope with this, it is preferable to provide a penetrating member so that the opening can be manually penetrated and cleaned at a predetermined time. The penetrating member may be configured so that the openings can be cleaned one by one, or a plurality of openings can be cleaned at the same time.
[0083]
Moreover, in order to suppress the acid odor which a base material emits, slaked lime can be mixed in a base material before a preheating period or a preheating period.
[0084]
In order to promote the fermentation of the base material, the base material temperature during the constant rate drying period is preferably maintained at 30 to 60 ° C. Furthermore, it is good also as accelerating | stimulating fermentation by adding a garbage decomposition microorganism or the substance to which this microorganism adhered to a base material.
[0085]
In order to kill pathogens in the base material and to insulate, kill eggs and inactivate weed seeds, it is effective to keep the base material at 60-70 ° C. for 1 hour or more during the rate of drying. is there.
[0086]
【The invention's effect】
In the present invention, as described above, the garbage or the base material added with the base material is agitated by a horizontal processing machine, and hot air is directly blown into the base material. By such a method, the base material can be uniformly stirred and crushed, and further, the fermentation of the base material can be promoted to be composted. In addition, crushing and stirring are performed uniformly and reliably as compared with the vertical apparatus.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a partially broken perspective view showing the opening of the apparatus of FIG. 1 and the vicinity thereof. FIG.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a change in state from input of a base material to composting.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a main part of another form of a stirring member.
[Explanation of symbols]
10 processor
11,12 Mixing tank
13, 14 Stirring member
13A, 14A Rotating shaft
13B, 14B stirring blades (radial stirring blades)
13C, 14C Axial wing member
17, 18 opening
25, 26 Fire extinguishing and smoke extinguishing equipment (nozzles)
29 Exhaust section
29A Exhaust hole
29B Exhaust pipe
29C Tubular mesh
30 Hot air supply device

Claims (17)

A method of the plus substrate to garbage or food waste charged into the stirring tank of horizontal processor as a base material, for composting garbage through write Mukoto blowing the hot air directly preform, the entered mother Set the target drying time and target finished compost moisture content as target values for the material, determine the conditions of hot air temperature and hot air volume corresponding to the target values , preheating period, constant rate drying period, and reduced rate drying period in, previously calculated change with time and a wet-bulb temperature of the base material temperature and the base material moisture content, detects a base material temperature of the entered matrix, based on the detected preform temperature, the base material temperature the heat input required to correct the difference between the calculated value and the detected value is calculated, the hot air temperature and, composting method of garbage and controlling the hot air amount.   2. The garbage according to claim 1, wherein the agitation tank includes an auxiliary heat source, the base material is heated by the auxiliary heat source together with the hot air, and the output of the auxiliary heat source is also controlled by the base material detection temperature. Composting method.   The method for composting garbage according to claim 1, wherein the transition from the constant rate drying period to the reduced rate drying period is determined by a change in the detected temperature of the base material.   2. The method for composting garbage according to claim 1, wherein the amount of hot air is less than the amount of hot air during the constant rate drying period during the rate-decreasing drying period.   The method for composting garbage according to claim 1, wherein slaked lime is mixed into the base material before or during the preheating period to suppress acid odor generated by the base material.   The raw material composting method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the base material during the constant rate drying period is maintained at 30 to 60 ° C to promote fermentation.   The method of composting garbage according to claim 1 or 6, wherein fermentation is promoted by adding garbage-decomposing microorganisms or substances to which the microorganisms are attached to the base material.   The base material temperature is maintained at 60 to 70 ° C. for 1 hour or more during the rate-decreasing drying period to kill pathogenic bacteria in the base material, and to perform insecticidal, ovicidal, and weed seed inactivation. Item 2. A method for composting garbage according to Item 1. A plurality of agitation members in which agitation blades are attached to a plurality of rotating shafts extending in a substantially horizontal direction, and the rotating shafts are arranged so as to be substantially horizontal and parallel to each other at a predetermined interval, and hot air supply The stirring member has at least two radii in an axially intermediate portion on the rotating shaft, and a radial stirring blade extending in the radial direction of the rotating plane is attached to the rotating shaft at a plurality of positions on the rotating shaft. The tip of the directional stirrer blade is connected by an axial wing member, and is placed on the rotating shaft at a position below the deposition surface of the raw garbage added to the stirring tank or the base material added to the raw garbage. On the other hand, when the horizontal direction of the outer side of the tank is 0 ° and the vertical downward direction is 90 °, hot air is supplied to the opening formed in the stirring tank and blown into the stirring tank so that the position range is 0 to 90 °. The hot air supply device is connected to the stirring tank Composting device garbage, characterized in that there.   10. The garbage composting apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the stirring tank has an inner bottom surface formed along a three-dimensional surface that encloses a locus drawn by a tip of the stirring blade when the stirring member rotates.   The composting apparatus for garbage according to claim 9, wherein adjacent members of the plurality of stirring members are rotating in opposite directions.   The garbage composting apparatus according to claim 9 or 11, wherein the plurality of agitating members have their rotation directions reversed with a period.   The position range of the opening is 0 to 60 °, and is distributed and formed in a plurality of positions in the lateral direction of at least one side wall of the stirring tank or the processing machine. Composting device.   14. The garbage composting apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the opening is provided with a penetrating member, and the penetrating member is manually or automatically penetrating at a predetermined time.   The composting apparatus for garbage according to claim 9, wherein the stirring tank has an auxiliary heat source at or near the bottom.   10. The garbage composting apparatus according to claim 9, wherein a fire extinguishing and smoke eliminating apparatus is disposed in an upper space inside the stirring tank.   It has an exhaust hole that enables connection of an exhaust pipe at the top of the stirring tank, and a cylindrical net is provided around the exhaust pipe so as to extend downward in the stirring tank. The garbage composting apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the apparatus is a composting apparatus.

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