JP2002101753A - Soil greening/stabilizing material and construction method using the same - Google Patents
Soil greening/stabilizing material and construction method using the sameInfo
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- JP2002101753A JP2002101753A JP2000294126A JP2000294126A JP2002101753A JP 2002101753 A JP2002101753 A JP 2002101753A JP 2000294126 A JP2000294126 A JP 2000294126A JP 2000294126 A JP2000294126 A JP 2000294126A JP 2002101753 A JP2002101753 A JP 2002101753A
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- soil
- greening
- cement
- bacteria
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- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】この発明は、土壌、化成肥
料、パーク堆肥、ピートモス等の植生基盤材に強度保持
材として添加混合した石灰またはセメント系固化材の呈
するアルカリ性を低減して、植物の発芽、生育に適した
土壌基盤を作ることができる土壌緑化・安定化資材及び
その施工方法に関するものである。The present invention relates to a method for germinating plants by reducing the alkalinity of lime or cement-based solidified material added as a strength-retaining material to vegetation base materials such as soil, chemical fertilizer, park compost, peat moss, etc. The present invention relates to a soil greening / stabilizing material capable of forming a soil base suitable for growth and a construction method thereof.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】切土または盛土の法面は、法面造成時に
は安定しているが、時間の経過とともに不安定となり、
侵食、落石、崩壊などが生じて、徐々にその規模が拡大
することがある。このため、法面の保護が必要である。
表面強度のある一般的な土質の場合は、簡便な種子吹き
付けが行われるが、表面強度が弱い場合は、法粋を構築
するか、法面全面にモルタルを吹き付けるかしている。2. Description of the Related Art The slope of cut or embankment is stable at the time of slope creation, but becomes unstable over time.
Erosion, rock fall, collapse, etc. may occur and gradually increase in scale. For this reason, slope protection is necessary.
In the case of general soil with surface strength, simple seed spraying is performed, but in the case of low surface strength, a method is constructed or mortar is sprayed on the entire slope.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】ところが、モルタルの
吹き付けは、法面表面が灰色となるから、景観上からあ
まり好ましくない。安価で強度のある地表面の被覆材と
しては、セメント系固化材に勝るものはない。セメント
系の固化材は、早期に安定し、水に強く、雨に流亡され
にくい利点を有するためである。しかし、その強アルカ
リ性は、ほとんどの植物の生育に適さず、自然保護の面
からも、好ましくない。However, spraying mortar is not preferable from the viewpoint of the landscape because the slope surface becomes gray. As an inexpensive and strong ground surface covering material, there is no substitute for cement-based solidification material. This is because the cement-based solidifying material has advantages in that it is stable early, is resistant to water, and is not easily run off by rain. However, its strong alkalinity is not suitable for the growth of most plants, and is not preferable from the viewpoint of nature protection.
【０００４】この対策としては、過リン酸石灰等のｐＨ
緩衝剤や硫酸アルミニウム等の酸性物質の添加によるア
ルカリ性低減策が提言されている。しかし、セメントの
強度とアルカリ性の低減との相克状態をいまだ脱却しえ
ていない。[0004] As a countermeasure against this, pH of superphosphate or the like is used.
A measure for reducing alkalinity by adding a buffer or an acidic substance such as aluminum sulfate has been proposed. However, the conflict between the strength of cement and the reduction in alkalinity has not yet escaped.
【０００５】環境と調和した法面を造成するためには、
法面に敷設する植生基盤材の強度を上げ、植生基盤材を
植物の生育に適するように改善し、その基盤材に植物を
導入して法面の保護を行うことが望ましい。植生基盤材
の強化には、セメント系固化材を利用すればよいが、そ
の場合に植物の生育に問題となるのが、セメントによる
アルカリ障害である。In order to create a slope that is in harmony with the environment,
It is desirable to increase the strength of the vegetation base material laid on the slope, improve the vegetation base material so as to be suitable for plant growth, and introduce plants to the base material to protect the slope. To strengthen the vegetation base material, a cement-based solidifying material may be used, but in this case, a problem with the growth of the plant is alkali damage caused by cement.
【０００６】そこで、この発明においては、植物の生育
に問題となるセメント系固化材によるアルカリ障害の改
善を微生物の生態を利用して行うことを試みた。供試菌
株については、アルカリ性環境に生育する細菌を選抜す
ることとした。多くの細菌は、ｐＨが９程度のアルカリ
性に対する耐性機構を有している。しかし、これらの細
菌は、中性の環境で生育しているものがほとんどであ
る。Therefore, in the present invention, an attempt was made to improve the alkali damage caused by the cement-based solidifying material, which is a problem in the growth of plants, by utilizing the ecology of microorganisms. For the test strain, bacteria that grow in an alkaline environment were selected. Many bacteria have a mechanism of resistance to alkalinity at a pH of about 9. However, most of these bacteria grow in a neutral environment.
【０００７】ところが、ｐＨ１０以上で最も生育が良
く、ｐＨ１１．５でも生育する細菌が存在しており、そ
れらは好アルカリ性細菌と呼ばれている。好アルカリ性
細菌は、ｐＨが中性や極端に高い培地で培養すると、そ
れらの培地は、アルカリ化したり、酸性化したりして、
やがて、ｐＨ９付近の値に落ち着くことが観察されてい
る。[0007] However, there is a bacterium that grows best at pH 10 or higher and grows even at pH 11.5, and these are called alkalophilic bacteria. When alkalophilic bacteria are cultured in a medium with a neutral or extremely high pH, those mediums become alkaline or acidified,
Eventually, it has been observed that it settles to a value near pH 9.
【０００８】この発明は、このような技術的背景の下に
なされたもので、特に、好アルカリ性細菌を利用して、
植生基盤材に添加混合する石灰またはセメント系固化材
のｐＨを低下させ、植物の生育しやすい土壌基盤をつく
ることができる土壌緑化・安定化資材とその施行法を提
案することを目的としている。The present invention has been made under such a technical background. In particular, the present invention utilizes alkalophilic bacteria,
An object of the present invention is to propose a soil revegetation and stabilization material capable of lowering the pH of lime or cement-based solidification material added to and mixed with a vegetation base material and creating a soil base on which plants can easily grow, and a method for implementing the same.
【０００９】[0009]
【課題を解決するための手段】この発明が提供する土壌
緑化・安定化資材は、土壌、化成肥料、パーク堆肥、ピ
ートモス等の植生基盤材と石灰系またはセメント系固化
材との混合物である緑化資材と、この緑化資材に接種す
る好アルカリ性細菌とよりなるものである（以下、第１
の資材という）。Means for Solving the Problems The soil revegetation and stabilization material provided by the present invention is a revegetation which is a mixture of a vegetation base material such as soil, chemical fertilizer, park compost, peat moss and a lime or cement solidification material. And a alkalophilic bacterium to inoculate the greening material (hereinafter referred to as the first material).
Material).
【００１０】第１の資材における好アルカリ性細菌は、
Ａｅｒｏｍｏｎａｓ ｈｙｄｒｏｐｈｉｌａ、Ｂａｃｉ
ｌｌｕｓ ａｌｃａｌｏｐｈｉｌｕｓ、Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕ
ｓ ｔｈｕｒｉｎｇｉｅｎｓｉｓ、Ｃｌａｕｉｂａｃｔ
ｅｒ ｍｉｃｈｉｇａｎｅｎｓｅ、Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ
ｓｕｂｔｉｌｉｓ、のうちの少なくとも１種である。[0010] The alkalophilic bacteria in the first material include:
Aeromonas hydrophila, Baci
lulus alcoholophilus, Bacillu
s thuringiensis, Clauibact
er michiganense, Bacillus
subtilis, at least one of the following:
【００１１】また、この発明が提供する土壌緑化・安定
資材の施工法は、緑化資材に水を加えてスラリーとし、
このスラリーに凝固剤と好アルカリ性細菌を添加混合す
る施工法である。[0011] In addition, a method for constructing a soil greening and stabilizing material provided by the present invention is as follows: water is added to the greening material to form a slurry;
This is a construction method in which a coagulant and an alkaliphilic bacterium are added to and mixed with this slurry.
【００１２】この施行法において使用する好アルカリ性
細菌は、Ａｅｒｏｍｏｎａｓ ｈｙｄｒｏｐｈｉｌａ、
Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ａｌｃａｌｏｐｈｉｌｕｓ、Ｂａｃ
ｉｌｌｕｓ ｔｈｕｒｉｎｇｉｅｎｓｉｓ、Ｃｌａｕｉ
ｂａｃｔｅｒ ｍｉｃｈｉｇａｎｅｎｓｅ、Ｂａｃｉｌ
ｌｕｓ ｓｕｂｔｉｌｉｓ、のうちの少なくとも１種で
ある。The alkalophilic bacteria used in this method are Aeromonas hydrophila,
Bacillus alcalophilus, Bac
illus thuringiensis, Clauii
Bacter Michiganense, Bacil
at least one of R. subtilis.
【００１３】上記セメント系固化材は、セメント、灰
分、硫酸礬土、土壌のうちの少なくともセメントを主成
分とするものである。The cement-based solidifying material contains at least cement as a main component among cement, ash, sulphate, and soil.
【００１４】[0014]
【作用】この発明の好アルカリ性細菌による石灰系また
はセメント系固化材のアルカリ性の低減機構、すなわ
ち、石灰系またはセメント系固化材の固化の進行に伴っ
て生成する遊離アルカリの低減機構は、今後の研究に待
たざるを得ない。しかし、遊離アルカリの低減は、恐ら
く、上記微生物の生態作用によって発生する有機酸の中
和効果によるものと考えられる。The mechanism for reducing the alkalinity of a lime-based or cement-based solidified material by an alkaliphilic bacterium of the present invention, that is, the mechanism for reducing free alkali generated with the progress of solidification of a lime-based or cement-based solidified material, will be described in the future. I have to wait for my research. However, the reduction of free alkali is probably due to the neutralizing effect of organic acids generated by the ecological action of the microorganism.
【００１５】従来のアルカリ性低減に使用される無機酸
性物質は、強酸性であり、その中和作用は、セメント自
体の中和にも消費され、場合によっては、セメントの強
度発現を阻害するような難点がある。これに対して、こ
の発明の好アルカリ細菌の生態作用によって発生すると
考えられる弱酸性の有機酸は、セメント本来の機能を害
うことなくセメントの強度発現物質である珪酸カルシウ
ム水和物ゲルの生成に伴って生じる遊離石灰のアルカリ
を中和すると考えられる。The conventional inorganic acidic substance used for reducing alkalinity is strongly acidic, and its neutralizing action is also consumed in neutralizing the cement itself, and in some cases, inhibits the development of the strength of the cement. There are difficulties. On the other hand, the weakly acidic organic acid, which is considered to be generated by the ecological action of the alkalophilic bacterium of the present invention, forms calcium silicate hydrate gel, which is a cement strength developing substance, without impairing the original function of the cement. It is considered that the alkali of the free lime generated with the neutralization is neutralized.
【００１６】[0016]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、この発明の実施の形態を実
施例によって説明する。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to embodiments.
【００１７】（実施例１）実施例１では、バーク堆肥、
ピートモス、化成肥料からなる植物基盤材にセメント系
固化材を添加混合して得られる緑化資材に、好アルカリ
性細菌を接種して、調製する土壌緑化・安定化資材につ
いて説明する。(Example 1) In Example 1, bark compost,
A description will be given of a soil greening / stabilizing material prepared by inoculating a greening material obtained by adding and mixing a cement-based solidifying material to a plant base material made of peat moss and a chemical fertilizer with an alkaliphilic bacterium.
【００１８】この資材は、前記固化資材のｐＨを低下さ
せ、植物の生育しやすい土壌基盤、特に、切土または盛
土の法面の保護に適した土壌基盤を作るのに有効であ
る。This material is effective for lowering the pH of the solidified material and creating a soil base on which plants can easily grow, particularly a soil base suitable for protecting cut or embankment slopes.
【００１９】法面の土壌浸食防止と緑化を行う方法とし
ては、その表面層を土壌にセメントを混合したソイルセ
メントで形成する方法、あるいは池沼からの浚渫土ある
いは汚泥などを含む土壌にセメント系固化材を混合した
もので形成する方法がある。As a method of preventing soil erosion and revegetation on the slope, a method of forming the surface layer with soil cement in which cement is mixed with soil, or a method of solidifying cement with soil containing dredged soil or sludge from a pond or marsh. There is a method of forming by mixing materials.
【００２０】しかし、いずれの方法もその強アルカリ性
のため、植物の生育には不適切である。そこで、まず始
めに、好アルカリ性細菌を利用して強アルカリ性セメン
ト系資材のｐＨを低下させ、植物が生育しやすい土壌基
盤をつくることを目的として、好アルカリ性細菌のスク
リーニングを行った。However, any of these methods is unsuitable for growing plants because of their strong alkalinity. Therefore, first, alkalophilic bacteria were screened for the purpose of lowering the pH of the strongly alkaline cement-based material using alkalophilic bacteria and creating a soil base on which plants can easily grow.
【００２１】我が国には、アルカリ性土壌は極めて少な
いが、それらの地域の土壌から好アルカリ性細菌のスク
リーニングを行うことにした。供試土壌の採取場所は、
山口県Ｓ市、山口県Ｙ市、島根県Ｍ市の３ヵ所である。
その後、上記３ヵ所で採取した８つの試料を用いて、菌
株のスクリーニングを行った。各試料のｐＨは、６．３
〜８．７の範囲にあった。スクリーニングは、上記３ヵ
所の土壌から、３４種類の好アルカリ性細菌を単離し
た。このうち生育日数の早い（１〜３日）好アルカリ性
細菌１５株を寒天培地を用いた接種試験に供した。Although Japan has very few alkaline soils, it has been decided to screen for alkaliphilic bacteria from soils in those areas. The sampling location of the test soil
There are three locations: S City in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Y City in Yamaguchi Prefecture, and M City in Shimane Prefecture.
Thereafter, strain screening was performed using the eight samples collected at the above three locations. The pH of each sample was 6.3
８8.7. In the screening, 34 kinds of alkalophilic bacteria were isolated from the above three soils. Among them, 15 strains of alkalophilic bacteria having a fast growing period (1 to 3 days) were subjected to an inoculation test using an agar medium.
【００２２】接種試験では、細菌の培地のｐＨは、いず
れも、約１〜３低下することが分かった。このことか
ら、セメント系固化材に、これらの菌株を接種した場
合、それらの増殖に伴って、同固化材中のｐＨは低下す
ると考えられた。In the inoculation test, it was found that the pH of the bacterial medium decreased by about 1 to 3 in all cases. From this, it was considered that when these strains were inoculated to a cement-based solidified material, the pH in the solidified material was decreased with their growth.
【００２３】（１）緑化資材に接種する好アルカリ性細
菌の選抜 好アルカリ性細菌の分離に用いた表１に示す組成の基本
培地から、寒天と炭酸ナトリウムを除いたものを、４０
０ｍｌのイオン交換水で溶解し、１６本の１００ｍｌ容
三角フラスコに２０ｍｌずつ分注するとともに、炭酸ナ
トリウムを１００ｍｌのイオン交換水で溶解し、それぞ
れ別々に、オートクレーブで１２０℃、２０分間滅菌し
た。この後、クリーンベンチ内で無菌的に、上記１６本
の三角フラスコの中に炭酸ナトリウムの溶液を５ｍｌず
つ分注、混合した。(1) Selection of alkalophilic bacteria to be inoculated to greening material From the basic medium having the composition shown in Table 1 used for the separation of alkalophilic bacteria, a medium obtained by removing agar and sodium carbonate from the basic medium was subjected to a treatment.
The mixture was dissolved in 0 ml of ion-exchanged water, dispensed in 20 ml portions into 16 100 ml Erlenmeyer flasks, and sodium carbonate was dissolved in 100 ml of ion-exchanged water, and each was separately sterilized in an autoclave at 120 ° C. for 20 minutes. Thereafter, 5 ml of the sodium carbonate solution was dispensed and mixed into the 16 Erlenmeyer flasks aseptically in a clean bench.
【００２４】[0024]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００２５】この好アルカリ性細菌用の液体培地に、前
述の生育の早い１５菌株をそれぞれ植菌した。これを２
５℃で振盪培養し、ｐＨと吸光度の変化を測定した。The above-mentioned fifteen rapidly growing strains were inoculated into the liquid medium for alkaliphilic bacteria. This is 2
After shaking culture at 5 ° C., changes in pH and absorbance were measured.
【００２６】その結果を基に、後述する緑化資材に接種
する好アルカリ性細菌として、次の５種を選抜した。こ
れらの細菌Ａ〜Ｅは、初期ｐＨ値１０の液体培養におい
て、培養後急激に菌が増殖し、ｐＨ値も、それに伴って
低下し、最終ｐＨは約７．５という望ましい値を示し
た。Based on the results, the following five species were selected as the alkaliphilic bacteria to be inoculated to the greening material described below. In the liquid culture having an initial pH value of 10, these bacteria A to E rapidly proliferated after the culture, and the pH value also decreased accordingly, and the final pH showed a desirable value of about 7.5.
【００２７】Ａ：Ａｅｒｏｍｏｎａｓ ｈｙｄｒｏｐｈ
ｉｌａ（以下、細菌Ａという） Ｂ：Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ａｌｃａｌｏｐｈｉｌｕｓ（以
下、細菌Ｂという） Ｃ：Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｔｈｕｒｉｎｇｉｅｎｓｉｓ
（以下、細菌Ｃという） Ｄ：Ｃｌａｕｉｂａｃｔｅｒ ｍｉｃｈｉｇａｎｅｎｓ
ｅ（以下、細菌Ｄという） Ｅ：Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｓｕｂｔｉｌｉｓ（以下、細菌
Ｅという） （２）選抜した好アルカリ性細菌による液体培地のｐＨ
および吸光度の変化 ｐＨ５、７、１０の液体培地に、後述する緑化資材に接
種する好アルカリ性細菌Ａ〜Ｄを約１×１０5ｃｅｌｌ
ｍｌ-1となるように、それぞれｐＨ１０の液体培地に植
菌した。これを２５℃で振盪培養し、ｐＨと吸光度の変
化を経時的に測定した。A: Aeromonas hydroph
ila (hereinafter referred to as bacteria A) B: Bacillus alcalophilus (hereinafter referred to as bacteria B) C: Bacillus thuringiensis
(Hereinafter referred to as bacterium C) D: Clauibacter michiganens
e (hereinafter, referred to as a bacterium D) E: Bacillus subtilis (hereinafter, referred to as a bacterium E) (2) pH of the liquid medium by the selected alkalophilic bacteria
And change in absorbance About 1 × 10 5 cells of the alkaliphilic bacteria A to D to be inoculated into a greening material to be described later are placed in a liquid medium at pH 5, 7, or 10.
Each was inoculated in a liquid medium of pH 10 so as to be ml −1 . This was cultured with shaking at 25 ° C., and changes in pH and absorbance were measured over time.
【００２８】ｐＨ１０の液体培地において、好アルカリ
性細菌の増殖に伴うｐＨの低下パターンは、２通りある
ことが分かった。１つは、徐々に菌が増殖し、ｐＨもそ
れに伴って低下するが、その後再び上昇するパターンで
あり、もう１つは、培養後急激に菌が増殖し、ｐＨもそ
れに伴って低下するパターンである。また、それぞれの
菌株について、ｐＨ５、７、１０の液体培地におけるｐ
Ｈと吸光度の変化を測定した結果、細菌Ａは、ｐＨ７で
の生育が最も早いが、最初の培地ｐＨが５、７、１０い
ずれの時も、ｐＨ９付近に落ち着いた。細菌Ｂは、ｐＨ
１０での生育が最も早かった。細菌Ｃは、ｐＨ７での生
育が最も早く、ｐＨ５付近まで低下させるが、ｐＨ５お
よび１０で培養開始したものは、ｐＨ９付近に落ち着い
た。細菌Ｄ、Ｅは、ｐＨ７での生育が最も早く、ｐＨ５
および７で培養開始したものは、ｐＨ４付近まで低下さ
せるが、ｐＨ１０で開始したものは、ｐＨ９付近に落ち
着いた。In the liquid medium at pH 10, it was found that there were two patterns of pH decrease accompanying the growth of alkalophilic bacteria. One is a pattern in which the bacteria gradually grow and the pH decreases with it, but then rises again. The other is a pattern in which the bacteria grow rapidly after the culture and the pH decreases accordingly. It is. Further, for each strain, p in a liquid medium at pH 5, 7, 10 was determined.
As a result of measuring changes in H and absorbance, bacteria A grew fastest at pH 7, but settled around pH 9 when the initial medium pH was 5, 7, or 10. Bacteria B has a pH
10 grew fastest. Bacterium C grew fastest at pH 7 and decreased to around pH 5, but those that started culturing at pH 5 and 10 settled around pH 9. Bacteria D and E grow the fastest at pH 7 and at pH 5
The cultures started at pH 7 and 7 dropped to around pH 4, while those started at pH 10 settled around pH 9.
【００２９】（３）緑化資材への選抜した好アルカリ性
細菌の接種 植生基盤材（パーク堆肥、ピートモスの混合物）１５ｇ
と化成肥料０．１１ｇをフラスコに入れ、シリコン栓を
した後、オートクレープで１２０℃、２０分間滅菌し
た。セメント系固化材（表５の固化材）０．１５ｇを薬
包紙に包んでシャーレに入れ、１７０℃で１時間滅菌し
た。これらをクリーンベンチ内で無菌的に混合して緑化
資材とした。(3) Inoculation of selected alkalophilic bacteria on greening material 15 g of vegetation base material (mixture of park compost and peat moss)
And 0.11 g of the chemical fertilizer were placed in a flask, sealed with a silicon stopper, and then sterilized with an autoclave at 120 ° C. for 20 minutes. 0.15 g of the cement-based solidifying material (solidifying material in Table 5) was wrapped in a medicine wrapper, placed in a petri dish, and sterilized at 170 ° C. for 1 hour. These were aseptically mixed in a clean bench to produce greening materials.
【００３０】一方、液体培地で生育させた細菌Ａ〜Ｅの
数を測定し、それぞれの菌株をピペットで１ｍｌずつ取
り、無菌水９ｍｌに加えたものを１次希釈液とし（希釈
倍率１０-1）、各１次希釈液を更に、それぞれ２×１０
４ｃｅｌｌｍｌ-1となるように調製した。得られた各希
釈液０．５ｍｌを、それぞれ１０本の三角フラスコに入
れた緑化資材に接種した。On the other hand, the number of bacteria A to E grown on the liquid medium was measured, and 1 ml of each strain was taken with a pipette and added to 9 ml of sterile water to obtain a primary diluent (dilution factor 10 -1). ), Further add 2x10
It was adjusted to be 4 cell ml -1 . 0.5 ml of each of the obtained diluents was inoculated to a greening material placed in 10 Erlenmeyer flasks.
【００３１】この操作は、いずれもクリーンベンチ内で
無菌的に行った。緑化資材のｐＨは、同資材２５ｇに無
菌水５０ｍｌを加え、ｐＨメーターにて測定した。緑化
資材中の生菌数は、希釈平板法（基本培地：表１）にて
測定した。This operation was performed aseptically in a clean bench. The pH of the greening material was measured by adding 50 ml of sterile water to 25 g of the greening material and using a pH meter. The number of viable bacteria in the greening material was measured by a dilution plate method (basic medium: Table 1).
【００３２】その結果、緑化資材へ選抜した細菌Ａ〜Ｅ
を接種した際、殆どの菌株が培養７日目で、緑化資材の
ｐＨ値を約０．５〜１低下させていた。このことから、
当初の目的であった植物の生育初期でのアルカリ障害を
早い時期に改善できることが分かった。As a result, bacteria A to E selected as greening materials
When most of the strains were inoculated, the pH value of the greening material was reduced by about 0.5 to 1 on the seventh day of culture. From this,
It was found that the initial purpose, alkaline damage at the early stage of plant growth, can be improved at an early stage.
【００３３】植物の発芽・生育に必要な土壌の条件とし
て、一般的に、ｐＨ値が８.５以下、硬さが、中山式硬
度指数値で２０以下が望ましいと言われている。本発明
者の経験によると、セメント系固化材による土壌ｐＨ値
の推移は、強度発現の進行に伴い生じる遊離石灰が、雨
水や、土壌中の酸性物質により中和されるか、そのまま
流出するかで、比較的早い時期にｐＨ値は８．５内外に
達する。しかし、更にｐＨ値を０．５〜１．０低下さ
せ、植物の発芽・生育により望ましいｐＨ値の領域：
７．０〜７．５以下に到達させるには、可成りの日数を
要する。It is generally said that the soil conditions required for germination and growth of plants are desirably a pH value of 8.5 or less and a hardness of 20 or less in Nakayama hardness index. According to the experience of the present inventor, the change in soil pH value due to cement-based solidifying material indicates whether free lime generated with the progress of strength development is neutralized by rainwater or acidic substances in soil, or flows out as it is. Thus, the pH value reaches about 8.5 at a relatively early stage. However, the pH value is further lowered by 0.5 to 1.0, and the range of the pH value more desirable for germination and growth of the plant is as follows:
It takes a considerable number of days to reach 7.0 to 7.5 or less.
【００３４】この点、実施例３の緑化資材のｐＨ値は、
一週間という初期の段階で、０．５〜１．０低下した。
この事実は、実施例の土壌緑化・安定化資材の実用化を
可能にするものと考えられる。In this respect, the pH value of the greening material of Example 3 is as follows:
In the early stage of one week, it decreased by 0.5 to 1.0.
This fact is considered to enable the practical use of the soil greening / stabilizing material of the example.
【００３５】（実施例２）実施例１に示した植生基盤材
１００ｇ、化成肥料０．７５ｇ、セメント系固化材２ｇ
（２０ｋｇ／ｍ3相当）、種子として、トールフェスク
ファルコン０．１ｇ（３０粒）を良く混合して緑化資材
とした。Example 2 100 g of the vegetation base material shown in Example 1, 0.75 g of chemical fertilizer, 2 g of cement-based solidified material
(Equivalent to 20 kg / m 3 ) and 0.1 g (30 grains) of tall fescufalcon as a seed were mixed well to obtain a greening material.
【００３６】一方、液体培養で、望ましいｐＨ値の低減
を示した細菌Ａを実施例１と同じ２×１０4ｃｅｌｌｍ
ｌ-1なる希釈液とし、この希釈液３．３ｍｌを上記緑化
資材に加えて良く混合し、然る後、底にメッシュ網を敷
いた２００ｍｌの３号鉢に、充填し、良く押さえつけて
植生ポットとした。植生ポットは、各細菌Ａを加えたも
のを４個作った。また、菌株を添加しないブランク試料
を入れた植生ポットも同様の方法で４個作成した。On the other hand, in liquid culture, bacteria A showing a desirable decrease in pH were replaced with the same 2 × 10 4 cells as in Example 1.
l- 1 diluted solution, 3.3 ml of the diluted solution was added to the greening material and mixed well, and then filled into a 200 ml No. 3 bowl with a mesh net at the bottom, pressed well, and vegetated. Pot. Four vegetation pots were prepared by adding each of the bacteria A. In addition, four vegetation pots containing blank samples to which no strain was added were prepared in the same manner.
【００３７】このようにして得られた植生ポットを、温
度条件２０〜２５℃の温室に配置した。表２は、３週後
の、発芽生育本数、ポット中の緑化資材のｐＨ値と硬度
指数を示す。表２の試験結果より、菌株有りの方が、発
芽生育率が１．５倍高く、ｐＨ値は０．５低く、硬度指
数は、変わらず、好ましい値となっていた。The vegetation pot thus obtained was placed in a greenhouse at a temperature of 20 to 25 ° C. Table 2 shows the number of germinated growths, the pH value of the greening material in the pot, and the hardness index after 3 weeks. From the test results shown in Table 2, the presence of the strain showed that the germination growth rate was 1.5 times higher, the pH value was lower by 0.5, and the hardness index was unchanged and a preferable value.
【００３８】[0038]
【表２】 [Table 2]
【００３９】（実施例３）実施例３では、まず、表３に
示す植生基盤材９３２ｇと実施例１のセメント系固化材
２０ｇの混合物に水２６０ｇを加えて、移送可能なスラ
リーとし、これに凝固剤を加えた場合の性状について調
べた。本来ならば、このスラリーの吹き付けノズル出口
に、凝固剤を加え、吹き付け後のスラリーを一瞬にし
て、固形化させ、ダレないコンポジットを生成させるこ
とになるが、この実施例では、そのモデル実験として、
表４に示す各種凝固剤をスラリーに２０ｇずつ添加し、
添加前後のスラリーの性状を調べた。表４はその性状を
示す。(Example 3) In Example 3, first, 260 g of water was added to a mixture of 932 g of the vegetation base material shown in Table 3 and 20 g of the cement-based solidified material of Example 1 to obtain a transferable slurry. The properties when a coagulant was added were examined. Originally, a coagulant was added to the outlet of this slurry spray nozzle, and the slurry after spraying was instantaneously solidified to form a composite without dripping.However, in this example, as a model experiment, ,
Each coagulant shown in Table 4 was added to the slurry in an amount of 20 g,
The properties of the slurry before and after the addition were examined. Table 4 shows the properties.
【００４０】いずれの場合も、準スランプ値は低下し、
ダレ難いコンポジットへ変化していた。In each case, the quasi-slump value decreases,
It had changed to a composite that was difficult to sag.
【００４１】[0041]
【表３】 [Table 3]
【００４２】[0042]
【表４】 [Table 4]
【００４３】上記モデル実験で得られた各種凝固剤添加
後のダレ難いコンポジットを、素早く樋型耐散水試験器
具（自作品）の充填箱（１２５×１２５×４５ｍｍ）３
個に分けて詰め、屋外に放置し、耐散水試験用試験体を
作成した。１日経過後、各充填箱から取り出した試験体
（コンポジット）をそれぞれ個別に８分勾配になるよう
にセットした木製箱型樋にのせ、各試験体に全自動噴霧
器により、約１００ｍｍ／ｈｒ程度の散水強度で、水を
噴霧した。The hard-to-sag composite obtained after the addition of various coagulants obtained in the above model experiment was quickly filled with a gutter type water-proofing test instrument (own work) into a filling box (125 × 125 × 45 mm) 3
The pieces were individually packed and left outdoors to prepare test pieces for a water resistance test. After one day, the test specimens (composites) taken out of the respective filling boxes are individually placed on wooden box-shaped gutters set so as to have a gradient of 8 minutes, and each test specimen is about 100 mm / hr by a fully automatic sprayer. Water was sprayed at a spraying intensity.
【００４４】表５は、コンポジットの１日後の流出土量
の測定結果を示す。流出土量はコンポジット試験体３個
の平均値である。噴霧散水強度：１００ｍｍ／ｈｒ前後
の流出土量は、いずれのセメント系固化材〜凝固剤の場
合も、ブランク（セメント系固化材及び凝固剤を添加せ
ず）の場合より、少なく、大幅な改善が認められた。Table 5 shows the measurement results of the amount of soil discharged one day after the composite. The amount of soil discharged is the average of three composite specimens. Spray watering strength: The amount of soil discharged around 100 mm / hr is less than that of the blank (without adding the cement-based solidifying material and the coagulating agent) in each case of the cement-based solidifying material to the coagulating agent, and is significantly improved. Was observed.
【００４５】[0045]
【表５】 [Table 5]
【００４６】次に、表３に示す植生基盤材９３２ｇに、
化成肥料（スミカエース）５ｇ、実施例１のセメント系
固化材２０ｇ、種子として、トールフェスクファルコン
１．０（３００粒）を加え、良く混合して緑化資材とし
た。ついで、この資材に水２６０ｇを加えてスラリーと
し、これに凝固剤として、３号珪曹（（株）トクヤマ社
製）（１＋１）希釈水溶液２０ｇと、実施例１で示した
細菌Ａの２×１０4ｃｅｌｌｍｌ-1の希釈液３３ｍｌを
加え良く混合した。Next, 932 g of the vegetation base material shown in Table 3 was added to
5 g of a chemical fertilizer (Sumika Ace), 20 g of the cement-based solidifying material of Example 1, and 1.0 (300 grains) of tall fescufalcon as seeds were added and mixed well to obtain a greening material. Then, 260 g of water was added to this material to form a slurry, and as a coagulant, 20 g of a diluted aqueous solution of No. 3 silicate (manufactured by Tokuyama Co., Ltd.) (1 + 1), and 2 × of the bacteria A shown in Example 1 33 ml of a 10 4 cell ml -1 diluent was added and mixed well.
【００４７】得られた土壌緑化・安定化資材を植生試験
用ポット５個に、１５０ｍｌずつ充填した。また、菌株
を添加しないブランク試料についても同様な方法でポッ
ト５個を作成した。このようにして得られた植生ポット
を屋外に設置した。The obtained soil greening / stabilizing material was filled into five vegetation test pots in an amount of 150 ml each. In addition, five pots were prepared in the same manner for a blank sample to which no strain was added. The vegetation pot thus obtained was placed outdoors.
【００４８】表６は３週後の発芽成育本数、ポット中の
緑化資材のｐＨ値と硬度指数を示す。表６の試験結果よ
り、菌株有りの方が、発芽生育率が１．３倍高く、ｐＨ
値は０．５低く、硬度指数も２低く、好ましい値を示し
ていることが分かった。Table 6 shows the number of germinating and growing plants after 3 weeks, the pH value of the greening material in the pot, and the hardness index. From the test results in Table 6, the germination growth rate was 1.3 times higher in the presence of the strain, and the pH was higher.
It was found that the value was lower by 0.5 and the hardness index was lower by 2 as well, indicating a preferable value.
【００４９】[0049]
【表６】 [Table 6]
【００５０】[0050]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように、この発明によれ
ば、上述のような構成としたから、植生基盤材に添加混
合される石灰系またはセメント系固化材の固化に伴って
生成する遊離アルカリを低減し、植物の生育しやすい土
壌基盤をつくることができる。As described above, according to the present invention, since the above-described structure is employed, free alkali generated as the lime-based or cement-based solidified material added to and mixed with the vegetation base material is solidified. And a soil base on which plants can easily grow can be created.
【手続補正書】[Procedure amendment]
【提出日】平成１２年１０月１１日（２０００．１０．
１１）[Submission date] October 11, 2000 (2000.10.
11)
【手続補正１】[Procedure amendment 1]
【補正対象書類名】明細書[Document name to be amended] Statement
【補正対象項目名】全文[Correction target item name] Full text
【補正方法】変更[Correction method] Change
【補正内容】[Correction contents]
【書類名】 明細書[Document Name] Statement
【発明の名称】 土壌緑化・安定化資材及びその施工法[Title of the Invention] Soil revegetation and stabilization material and its construction method
【特許請求の範囲】[Claims]
【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】この発明は、土壌、化成肥
料、パーク堆肥、ピートモス等の植生基盤材に強度保持
材として添加混合した石灰またはセメント系固化材の呈
するアルカリ性を低減して、植物の発芽、生育に適した
土壌基盤を作ることができる土壌緑化・安定化資材及び
その施工方法に関するものである。The present invention relates to a method for germinating plants by reducing the alkalinity of lime or cement-based solidified material added as a strength-retaining material to vegetation base materials such as soil, chemical fertilizer, park compost, peat moss, etc. The present invention relates to a soil greening / stabilizing material capable of forming a soil base suitable for growth and a construction method thereof.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】切土または盛土の法面は、法面造成時に
は安定しているが、時間の経過とともに不安定となり、
侵食、落石、崩壊などが生じて、徐々にその規模が拡大
することがある。このため、法面の保護が必要である。
表面強度のある一般的な土質の場合は、簡便な種子吹き
付けが行われるが、表面強度が弱い場合は、法枠を構築
するか、法面全面にモルタルを吹き付けるかしている。2. Description of the Related Art The slope of cut or embankment is stable at the time of slope creation, but becomes unstable over time.
Erosion, rock fall, collapse, etc. may occur and gradually increase in scale. For this reason, slope protection is necessary.
In the case of general soil having surface strength, simple seed spraying is performed. However, in the case of low surface strength, a law frame is constructed or mortar is sprayed on the entire slope.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】ところが、モルタルの
吹き付けは、法面表面が灰色となるから、景観上からあ
まり好ましくない。安価で強度のある地表面の被覆材と
しては、セメント系固化材に勝るものはない。セメント
系の固化材は、早期に安定し、水に強く、雨に流亡され
にくい利点を有するためである。しかし、その強アルカ
リ性は、ほとんどの植物の生育に適さず、自然保護の面
からも、好ましくない。However, spraying mortar is not preferable from the viewpoint of the landscape because the slope surface becomes gray. As an inexpensive and strong ground surface covering material, there is no substitute for cement-based solidification material. This is because the cement-based solidifying material has advantages in that it is stable early, is resistant to water, and is not easily run off by rain. However, its strong alkalinity is not suitable for the growth of most plants, and is not preferable from the viewpoint of nature protection.
【０００４】この対策としては、過リン酸石灰等のｐＨ
緩衝剤や硫酸アルミニウム等の酸性物質の添加によるア
ルカリ性低減策が提言されている。しかし、セメントの
強度とアルカリ性の低減との相克状態をいまだ脱却しえ
ていない。[0004] As a countermeasure against this, pH of superphosphate or the like is used.
A measure for reducing alkalinity by adding a buffer or an acidic substance such as aluminum sulfate has been proposed. However, the conflict between the strength of cement and the reduction in alkalinity has not yet escaped.
【０００５】環境と調和した法面を造成するためには、
法面に敷設する植生基盤材の強度を上げ、植生基盤材を
植物の生育に適するように改善し、その基盤材に植物を
導入して法面の保護を行うことが望ましい。植生基盤材
の強化には、セメント系固化材を利用すればよいが、そ
の場合に植物の生育に問題となるのが、セメントによる
アルカリ障害である。In order to create a slope that is in harmony with the environment,
It is desirable to increase the strength of the vegetation base material laid on the slope, improve the vegetation base material so as to be suitable for plant growth, and introduce plants to the base material to protect the slope. To strengthen the vegetation base material, a cement-based solidifying material may be used, but in this case, a problem with the growth of the plant is alkali damage caused by cement.
【０００６】そこで、この発明においては、植物の生育
に問題となるセメント系固化材によるアルカリ障害の改
善を微生物の生態を利用して行うことを試みた。供試菌
株については、アルカリ性環境に生育する細菌を選抜す
ることとした。多くの細菌は、ｐＨが９程度のアルカリ
性に対する耐性機構を有している。しかし、これらの細
菌は、中性の環境で生育しているものがほとんどであ
る。Therefore, in the present invention, an attempt was made to improve the alkali damage caused by the cement-based solidifying material, which is a problem in the growth of plants, by utilizing the ecology of microorganisms. For the test strain, bacteria that grow in an alkaline environment were selected. Many bacteria have a mechanism of resistance to alkalinity at a pH of about 9. However, most of these bacteria grow in a neutral environment.
【０００７】ところが、ｐＨ１０以上で最も生育が良
く、ｐＨ１１．５でも生育する細菌が存在しており、そ
れらは好アルカリ性細菌と呼ばれている。好アルカリ性
細菌は、ｐＨが中性や極端に高い培地で培養すると、そ
れらの培地は、アルカリ化したり、酸性化したりして、
やがて、ｐＨ９付近の値に落ち着くことが観察されてい
る。[0007] However, there is a bacterium that grows best at pH 10 or higher and grows even at pH 11.5, and these are called alkalophilic bacteria. When alkalophilic bacteria are cultured in a medium with a neutral or extremely high pH, those mediums become alkaline or acidified,
Eventually, it has been observed that it settles to a value near pH 9.
【０００８】この発明は、このような技術的背景の下に
なされたもので、特に、好アルカリ性細菌を利用して、
植生基盤材に添加混合する石灰またはセメント系固化材
のｐＨを低下させ、植物の生育しやすい土壌基盤をつく
ることができる土壌緑化・安定化資材とその施行法を提
案することを目的としている。The present invention has been made under such a technical background. In particular, the present invention utilizes alkalophilic bacteria,
An object of the present invention is to propose a soil revegetation and stabilization material capable of lowering the pH of lime or cement-based solidification material added to and mixed with a vegetation base material and creating a soil base on which plants can easily grow, and a method for implementing the same.
【０００９】[0009]
【課題を解決するための手段】この発明が提供する土壌
緑化・安定化資材は、土壌、化成肥料、バーク堆肥、ピ
ートモス等の植生基盤材と石灰系またはセメント系固化
材との混合物である緑化資材と、この緑化資材に接種す
る好アルカリ性細菌とよりなるものである（以下、第１
の資材という）。Means for Solving the Problems] Soil greening and stabilization material to which this invention provides is soil, fertilizer, bar click compost, with a mixture of vegetation base material and the lime or cement solidifying material such as peat moss It is composed of a certain greening material and an alkaliphilic bacterium inoculated on the greening material (hereinafter referred to as the first type).
Material).
【００１０】第１の資材における好アルカリ性細菌は、
Ａｅｒｏｍｏｎａｓ ｈｙｄｒｏｐｈｉｌａ、Ｂａｃｉ
ｌｌｕｓ ａｌｃａｌｏｐｈｉｌｕｓ、Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕ
ｓ ｔｈｕｒｉｎｇｉｅｎｓｉｓ、Ｃｌａｖｉｂａｃｔ
ｅｒ ｍｉｃｈｉｇａｎｅｎｓｅ、Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ
ｓｕｂｔｉｌｉｓ、のうちの少なくとも１種である。[0010] The alkalophilic bacteria in the first material include:
Aeromonas hydrophila, Baci
lulus alcoholophilus, Bacillu
s thuringiensis, Cla v ibact
er michiganense, Bacillus
subtilis, at least one of the following:
【００１１】また、この発明が提供する土壌緑化・安定
資材の施工法は、緑化資材に水を加えてスラリーとし、
このスラリーに凝固剤と好アルカリ性細菌を添加混合す
る施工法である。[0011] In addition, a method for constructing a soil greening and stabilizing material provided by the present invention is as follows: water is added to the greening material to form a slurry;
This is a construction method in which a coagulant and an alkaliphilic bacterium are added to and mixed with this slurry.
【００１２】この施行法において使用する好アルカリ性
細菌は、Ａｅｒｏｍｏｎａｓ ｈｙｄｒｏｐｈｉｌａ、
Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ａｌｃａｌｏｐｈｉｌｕｓ、Ｂａｃ
ｉｌｌｕｓ ｔｈｕｒｉｎｇｉｅｎｓｉｓ、Ｃｌａｖｉ
ｂａｃｔｅｒ ｍｉｃｈｉｇａｎｅｎｓｅ、Ｂａｃｉｌ
ｌｕｓ ｓｕｂｔｉｌｉｓ、のうちの少なくとも１種で
ある。The alkalophilic bacteria used in this method are Aeromonas hydrophila,
Bacillus alcalophilus, Bac
illus thuringiensis, Cla v i
Bacter Michiganense, Bacil
at least one of R. subtilis.
【００１３】上記セメント系固化材は、セメント、灰
分、硫酸礬土、土壌のうちの少なくともセメントを主成
分とするものである。The cement-based solidifying material contains at least cement as a main component among cement, ash, sulphate, and soil.
【００１４】[0014]
【作用】この発明の好アルカリ性細菌による石灰系また
はセメント系固化材のアルカリ性の低減機構、すなわ
ち、石灰系またはセメント系固化材の固化の進行に伴っ
て生成する遊離アルカリの低減機構は、今後の研究に待
たざるを得ない。しかし、遊離アルカリの低減は、恐ら
く、上記微生物の生態作用によって発生する有機酸の中
和効果によるものと考えられる。The mechanism for reducing the alkalinity of a lime-based or cement-based solidified material by an alkaliphilic bacterium of the present invention, that is, the mechanism for reducing free alkali generated with the progress of solidification of a lime-based or cement-based solidified material, will be described in the future. I have to wait for my research. However, the reduction of free alkali is probably due to the neutralizing effect of organic acids generated by the ecological action of the microorganism.
【００１５】従来のアルカリ性低減に使用される無機酸
性物質は、強酸性であり、その中和作用は、セメント自
体の中和にも消費され、場合によっては、セメントの強
度発現を阻害するような難点がある。これに対して、こ
の発明の好アルカリ性細菌の生態作用によって発生する
と考えられる弱酸性の有機酸は、セメント本来の機能を
害うことなくセメントの強度発現物質である珪酸カルシ
ウム水和物ゲルの生成に伴って生じる遊離石灰のアルカ
リを中和すると考えられる。The conventional inorganic acidic substance used for reducing alkalinity is strongly acidic, and its neutralizing action is also consumed in neutralizing the cement itself, and in some cases, inhibits the development of the strength of the cement. There are difficulties. In contrast, weakly acidic organic acids which are considered to be generated by the ecological effects of alkalophilic bacteria of the present invention, the calcium silicate hydrate gel is strength development material cement without intends harm the cement original function It is considered to neutralize the alkali of free lime generated during the formation.
【００１６】[0016]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、この発明の実施の形態を実
施例によって説明する。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to embodiments.
【００１７】（実施例１）実施例１では、バーク堆肥、
ピートモス、化成肥料からなる植物基盤材にセメント系
固化材を添加混合して得られる緑化資材に、好アルカリ
性細菌を接種して、調製する土壌緑化・安定化資材につ
いて説明する。(Example 1) In Example 1, bark compost,
A description will be given of a soil greening / stabilizing material prepared by inoculating a greening material obtained by adding and mixing a cement-based solidifying material to a plant base material made of peat moss and a chemical fertilizer with an alkaliphilic bacterium.
【００１８】この資材は、前記固化資材のｐＨを低下さ
せ、植物の生育しやすい土壌基盤、特に、切土または盛
土の法面の保護に適した土壌基盤を作るのに有効であ
る。This material is effective for lowering the pH of the solidified material and creating a soil base on which plants can easily grow, particularly a soil base suitable for protecting cut or embankment slopes.
【００１９】法面の土壌浸食防止と緑化を行う方法とし
ては、その表面層を土壌にセメントを混合したソイルセ
メントで形成する方法、あるいは池沼からの浚渫土ある
いは汚泥などを含む土壌にセメント系固化材を混合した
もので形成する方法がある。As a method of preventing soil erosion and revegetation on the slope, a method of forming the surface layer with soil cement in which cement is mixed with soil, or a method of solidifying cement with soil containing dredged soil or sludge from a pond or marsh. There is a method of forming by mixing materials.
【００２０】しかし、いずれの方法もその強アルカリ性
のため、植物の生育には不適切である。そこで、まず始
めに、好アルカリ性細菌を利用して強アルカリ性セメン
ト系資材のｐＨを低下させ、植物が生育しやすい土壌基
盤をつくることを目的として、好アルカリ性細菌のスク
リーニングを行った。However, any of these methods is unsuitable for growing plants because of their strong alkalinity. Therefore, first, alkalophilic bacteria were screened for the purpose of lowering the pH of the strongly alkaline cement-based material using alkalophilic bacteria and creating a soil base on which plants can easily grow.
【００２１】我が国には、アルカリ性土壌は極めて少な
いが、それらの地域の土壌から好アルカリ性細菌のスク
リーニングを行うことにした。供試土壌の採取場所は、
山口県Ｓ市、山口県Ｙ市、島根県Ｍ市の３ヵ所である。
その後、上記３ヵ所で採取した８つの試料を用いて、菌
株のスクリーニングを行った。各試料のｐＨは、６．３
〜８．７の範囲にあった。スクリーニングは、上記３ヵ
所の土壌から、３４種類の好アルカリ性細菌を単離し
た。このうち生育日数の早い（１〜３日）好アルカリ性
細菌１５株を寒天培地を用いた接種試験に供した。Although Japan has very few alkaline soils, it has been decided to screen for alkaliphilic bacteria from soils in those areas. The sampling location of the test soil
There are three locations: S City in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Y City in Yamaguchi Prefecture, and M City in Shimane Prefecture.
Thereafter, strain screening was performed using the eight samples collected at the above three locations. The pH of each sample was 6.3
８8.7. In the screening, 34 kinds of alkalophilic bacteria were isolated from the above three soils. Among them, 15 strains of alkalophilic bacteria having a fast growing period (1 to 3 days) were subjected to an inoculation test using an agar medium.
【００２２】接種試験では、細菌の培地のｐＨは、いず
れも、約１〜３低下することが分かった。このことか
ら、セメント系固化材に、これらの菌株を接種した場
合、それらの増殖に伴って、同固化材中のｐＨは低下す
ると考えられた。In the inoculation test, it was found that the pH of the bacterial medium decreased by about 1 to 3 in all cases. From this, it was considered that when these strains were inoculated to a cement-based solidified material, the pH in the solidified material was decreased with their growth.
【００２３】（１）緑化資材に接種する好アルカリ性細
菌の選抜 好アルカリ性細菌の分離に用いた表１に示す組成の基本
培地から、寒天と炭酸ナトリウムを除いたものを、４０
０ｍｌのイオン交換水で溶解し、１６本の１００ｍｌ容
三角フラスコに２０ｍｌずつ分注するとともに、炭酸ナ
トリウムを１００ｍｌのイオン交換水で溶解し、それぞ
れ別々に、オートクレーブで１２０℃、２０分間滅菌し
た。この後、クリーンベンチ内で無菌的に、上記１６本
の三角フラスコの中に炭酸ナトリウムの溶液を５ｍｌず
つ分注、混合した。(1) Selection of alkalophilic bacteria to be inoculated to greening material From the basic medium having the composition shown in Table 1 used for the separation of alkalophilic bacteria, a medium obtained by removing agar and sodium carbonate from the basic medium was subjected to a treatment.
The mixture was dissolved in 0 ml of ion-exchanged water, dispensed in 20 ml portions into 16 100 ml Erlenmeyer flasks, and sodium carbonate was dissolved in 100 ml of ion-exchanged water, and each was separately sterilized in an autoclave at 120 ° C. for 20 minutes. Thereafter, 5 ml of the sodium carbonate solution was dispensed and mixed into the 16 Erlenmeyer flasks aseptically in a clean bench.
【００２４】[0024]
【表１】 この好アルカリ性細菌用の液体培地に、前述の生育の早
い１５菌株をそれぞれ植菌した。これを２５℃で振盪培
養し、ｐＨと吸光度の変化を測定した。[Table 1] The above-mentioned fifteen fast-growing strains were inoculated into the liquid medium for alkaliphilic bacteria. This was cultured with shaking at 25 ° C., and changes in pH and absorbance were measured.
【００２５】その結果を基に、後述する緑化資材に接種
する好アルカリ性細菌として、次の５種を選抜した。こ
れらの細菌Ａ〜Ｅは、初期ｐＨ値１０の液体培養におい
て、培養後急激に菌が増殖し、ｐＨ値も、それに伴って
低下し、最終ｐＨは約７．５という望ましい値を示し
た。Based on the results, the following five kinds were selected as the alkalophilic bacteria to be inoculated to the greening material described below. In the liquid culture having an initial pH value of 10, these bacteria A to E rapidly proliferated after the culture, and the pH value also decreased accordingly, and the final pH showed a desirable value of about 7.5.
【００２６】Ａ：Ａｅｒｏｍｎａｓ ｈｙｄｒｏｈｐｉ
ｌａ（以下、細菌Ａという） Ｂ：Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ａｌｃａｌｏｈｐｉｌｕｓ（以
下、細菌Ｂという） Ｃ：Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｔｈｕｒｉｎｇｉｅｎｓｉｓ
（以下、細菌Ｃという） Ｄ：Ｃｌａｖｉｂａｃｔｅｒ ｍｉｃｈｉｇａｎｅｎｓ
ｅ（以下、細菌Ｄという） Ｅ：Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｓｕｂｔｉｌｉｓ（以下、細菌
Ｅという） （２）選抜した好アルカリ性細菌による液体培地のｐＨ
および吸光度の変化ｐＨ５、７、１０の液体培地に、後
述する緑化資材に接種する好アルカリ性細菌Ａ〜Ｄを約
１×１０5ｃｅｌｌｍｌ-1となるように、それぞれｐＨ
１０の液体培地に植菌した。これを２５℃で振盪培養
し、ｐＨと吸光度の変化を経時的に測定した。A: Aeronas hydrohpi
la (hereinafter referred to as bacteria A) B: Bacillus alcalohpilus (hereinafter referred to as bacteria B) C: Bacillus thuringiensis
(Hereinafter referred to as the bacteria C) D: Cla v ibacter michiganens
e (hereinafter, referred to as a bacterium D) E: Bacillus subtilis (hereinafter, referred to as a bacterium E) (2) pH of the liquid medium by the selected alkalophilic bacteria
And change in absorbance In a liquid medium having a pH of 5, 7, and 10, the alkaliphilic bacteria A to D to be inoculated into the greening material described below are adjusted to pH 1 so that the pH becomes about 1 × 10 5 cell ml −1.
10 liquid media were inoculated. This was cultured with shaking at 25 ° C., and changes in pH and absorbance were measured over time.
【００２７】ｐＨ１０の液体培地において、好アルカリ
性細菌の増殖に伴うｐＨの低下パターンは、２通りある
ことが分かった。１つは、徐々に菌が増殖し、ｐＨもそ
れに伴って低下するが、その後再び上昇するパターンで
あり、もう１つは、培養後急激に菌が増殖し、ｐＨもそ
れに伴って低下するパターンである。また、それぞれの
菌株について、ｐＨ５、７、１０の液体培地におけるｐ
Ｈと吸光度の変化を測定した結果、細菌Ａは、ｐＨ７で
の生育が最も早いが、最初の培地ｐＨが５、７、１０い
ずれの時も、ｐＨ９付近に落ち着いた。細菌Ｂは、ｐＨ
１０での生育が最も早かった。細菌Ｃは、ｐＨ７での生
育が最も早く、ｐＨ５付近まで低下させるが、ｐＨ５お
よび１０で培養開始したものは、ｐＨ９付近に落ち着い
た。細菌Ｄ、Ｅは、ｐＨ７での生育が最も早く、ｐＨ５
および７で培養開始したものは、ｐＨ４付近まで低下さ
せるが、ｐＨ１０で開始したものは、ｐＨ９付近に落ち
着いた。[0027] In the liquid medium of pH 10, it was found that there were two patterns of pH decrease accompanying the growth of alkalophilic bacteria. One is a pattern in which the bacteria gradually grow and the pH decreases with it, but then rises again. The other is a pattern in which the bacteria grow rapidly after the culture and the pH decreases accordingly. It is. Further, for each strain, p in a liquid medium at pH 5, 7, 10 was determined.
As a result of measuring changes in H and absorbance, bacteria A grew fastest at pH 7, but settled around pH 9 when the initial medium pH was 5, 7, or 10. Bacteria B has a pH
10 grew fastest. Bacterium C grew fastest at pH 7 and decreased to around pH 5, but those that started culturing at pH 5 and 10 settled around pH 9. Bacteria D and E grow the fastest at pH 7 and at pH 5
The cultures started at pH 7 and 7 dropped to around pH 4, while those started at pH 10 settled around pH 9.
【００２８】（３）緑化資材への選抜した好アルカリ性
細菌の接種 植生基盤材（バーク堆肥、ピートモスの混合物）１５ｇ
と化成肥料０．１１ｇをフラスコに入れ、シリコン栓を
した後、オートクレーブで１２０℃、２０分間滅菌し
た。セメント系固化材（表５の固化材）０．１５ｇを薬
包紙に包んでシャーレに入れ、１７０℃で１時間滅菌し
た。これらをクリーンベンチ内で無菌的に混合して緑化
資材とした。[0028] (3) inoculation vegetation base material of alkalophilic bacteria were selected to greening materials (bar click compost, a mixture of peat moss) 15 g
And put fertilizer 0.11g flask, after the silicone stopper, 120 ° C. in an autoclave, and sterilized 20 min. 0.15 g of the cement-based solidifying material (solidifying material in Table 5) was wrapped in a medicine wrapper, placed in a petri dish, and sterilized at 170 ° C. for 1 hour. These were aseptically mixed in a clean bench to produce greening materials.
【００２９】一方、液体培地で生育させた細菌Ａ〜Ｅの
数を測定し、それぞれの菌株をピペットで１ｍｌずつ取
り、無菌水９ｍｌに加えたものを１次希釈液とし（希釈
倍率１０-1）、各１次希釈液を更に、それぞれ２×１０
4 ｃｅｌｌｍｌ-1となるように調製した。得られた各希
釈液０．５ｍｌを、それぞれ１０本の三角フラスコに入
れた緑化資材に接種した。On the other hand, the number of bacteria A to E grown in a liquid medium was measured, and 1 ml of each strain was taken with a pipette and added to 9 ml of sterile water to obtain a primary diluent (dilution factor 10 -1). ), each primary dilution addition, each 2 × 10
It was adjusted to be 4 cellml -1 . 0.5 ml of each of the obtained diluents was inoculated to a greening material placed in 10 Erlenmeyer flasks.
【００３０】この操作は、いずれもクリーンベンチ内で
無菌的に行った。緑化資材のｐＨは、同資材２５ｇに無
菌水５０ｍｌを加え、ｐＨメーターにて測定した。緑化
資材中の生菌数は、希釈平板法（基本培地：表１）にて
測定した。This operation was performed aseptically in a clean bench. The pH of the greening material was measured by adding 50 ml of sterile water to 25 g of the greening material and using a pH meter. The number of viable bacteria in the greening material was measured by a dilution plate method (basic medium: Table 1).
【００３１】その結果、緑化資材へ選抜した細菌Ａ〜Ｅ
を接種した際、殆どの菌株が培養７日目で、緑化資材の
ｐＨ値を約０．５〜１低下させていた。このことから、
当初の目的であった植物の生育初期でのアルカリ障害を
早い時期に改善できることが分かった。As a result, bacteria A to E selected as greening materials
When most of the strains were inoculated, the pH value of the greening material was reduced by about 0.5 to 1 on the seventh day of culture. From this,
It was found that the initial purpose, alkaline damage at the early stage of plant growth, can be improved at an early stage.
【００３２】植物の発芽・生育に必要な土壌の条件とし
て、一般的に、ｐＨ値が８.５以下、硬さが、中山式硬
度指数値で２０以下が望ましいと言われている。本発明
者の経験によると、セメント系固化材による土壌ｐＨ値
の推移は、強度発現の進行に伴い生じる遊離石灰が、雨
水や、土壌中の酸性物質により中和されるか、そのまま
流出するかで、比較的早い時期にｐＨ値は８．５内外に
達する。しかし、更にｐＨ値を０．５〜１．０低下さ
せ、植物の発芽・生育により望ましいｐＨ値の領域：
７．０〜７．５以下に到達させるには、可成りの日数を
要する。It is generally said that the soil conditions required for germination and growth of plants are desirably a pH value of 8.5 or less and a hardness of 20 or less as a Nakayama hardness index value. According to the experience of the present inventor, the change in soil pH value due to cement-based solidifying material indicates whether free lime generated with the progress of strength development is neutralized by rainwater or acidic substances in soil, or flows out as it is. Thus, the pH value reaches about 8.5 at a relatively early stage. However, the pH value is further lowered by 0.5 to 1.0, and the range of the pH value more desirable for germination and growth of the plant is as follows:
It takes a considerable number of days to reach 7.0 to 7.5 or less.
【００３３】この点、実施例３の緑化資材のｐＨ値は、
一週間という初期の段階で、０．５〜１．０低下した。
この事実は、実施例の土壌緑化・安定化資材の実用化を
可能にするものと考えられる。In this respect, the pH value of the greening material of Example 3 is as follows:
In the early stage of one week, it decreased by 0.5 to 1.0.
This fact is considered to enable the practical use of the soil greening / stabilizing material of the example.
【００３４】（実施例２）実施例１に示した植生基盤材
１００ｇ、化成肥料０．７５ｇ、セメント系固化材２ｇ
（２０ｋｇ／ｍ3相当）、種子として、トールフェスク
ファルコン０．１ｇ（３０粒）を良く混合して緑化資材
とした。Example 2 100 g of the vegetation base material shown in Example 1, 0.75 g of chemical fertilizer, 2 g of cement-based solidified material
(Equivalent to 20 kg / m 3 ) and 0.1 g (30 grains) of tall fescufalcon as a seed were mixed well to obtain a greening material.
【００３５】一方、液体培養で、望ましいｐＨ値の低減
を示した細菌Ａを実施例１と同じ２×１０4ｃｅｌｌｍ
ｌ-1なる希釈液とし、この希釈液３．３ｍｌを上記緑化
資材に加えて良く混合し、然る後、底にメッシュ網を敷
いた２００ｍｌの３号鉢に、充填し、良く押さえつけて
植生ポットとした。植生ポットは、各細菌Ａを加えたも
のを４個作った。また、菌株を添加しないブランク試料
を入れた植生ポットも同様の方法で４個作成した。On the other hand, the bacteria A, which showed a desirable decrease in the pH value in the liquid culture, were subjected to the same 2 × 10 4 cells as in Example 1.
l- 1 diluted solution, 3.3 ml of the diluted solution was added to the greening material and mixed well, and then filled into a 200 ml No. 3 bowl with a mesh net at the bottom, pressed well, and vegetated. Pot. Four vegetation pots were prepared by adding each of the bacteria A. In addition, four vegetation pots containing blank samples to which no strain was added were prepared in the same manner.
【００３６】このようにして得られた植生ポットを、温
度条件２０〜２５℃の温室に配置した。表２は、３週後
の、発芽生育本数、ポット中の緑化資材のｐＨ値と硬度
指数を示す。表２の試験結果より、菌株有りの方が、発
芽生育率が１．５倍高く、ｐＨ値は０．５低く、硬度指
数は、変わらず、好ましい値となっていた。The vegetation pot thus obtained was placed in a greenhouse at a temperature of 20 to 25 ° C. Table 2 shows the number of germinated growths, the pH value of the greening material in the pot, and the hardness index after 3 weeks. From the test results shown in Table 2, the presence of the strain showed that the germination growth rate was 1.5 times higher, the pH value was lower by 0.5, and the hardness index was unchanged and a preferable value.
【００３７】[0037]
【表２】 （実施例３）実施例３では、まず、表３に示す植生基盤
材９３２ｇと実施例１のセメント系固化材２０ｇの混合
物に水２６０ｇを加えて、移送可能なスラリーとし、こ
れに凝固剤を加えた場合の性状について調べた。本来な
らば、このスラリーの吹き付けノズル出口に、凝固剤を
加え、吹き付け後のスラリーを一瞬にして、固形化さ
せ、ダレないコンポジットを生成させることになるが、
この実施例では、そのモデル実験として、表４に示す各
種凝固剤をスラリーに２０ｇずつ添加し、添加前後のス
ラリーの性状を調べた。表４はその性状を示す。[Table 2] (Example 3) In Example 3, first, 260 g of water was added to a mixture of 932 g of the vegetation base material shown in Table 3 and 20 g of the cement-based solidification material of Example 1 to obtain a transportable slurry, and a coagulant was added thereto. The properties when added were examined. Originally, a coagulant was added to the outlet of this slurry spray nozzle, and the slurry after spraying was instantaneously solidified to produce a sagging composite,
In this example, as a model experiment, 20 g of each of various coagulants shown in Table 4 was added to the slurry, and properties of the slurry before and after the addition were examined. Table 4 shows the properties.
【００３８】いずれの場合も、準スランプ値は低下し、
ダレ難いコンポジットへ変化していた。In each case, the quasi-slump value decreases,
It had changed to a composite that was difficult to sag.
【００３９】[0039]
【表３】 [Table 3]
【００４０】[0040]
【表４】 上記モデル実験で得られた各種凝固剤添加後のダレ難い
コンポジットを、素早く樋型耐散水試験器具（自作品）
の充填箱（１２５×１２５×４５ｍｍ）３個に分けて詰
め、屋外に放置し、耐散水試験用試験体を作成した。１
日経過後、各充填箱から取り出した試験体（コンポジッ
ト）をそれぞれ個別に８分勾配になるようにセットした
木製箱型樋にのせ、各試験体に全自動噴霧器により、約
１００ｍｍ／ｈｒ程度の散水強度で、水を噴霧した。[Table 4] A gutter-type watering resistance test device (own work) is used to quickly remove the composite that is difficult to sag after adding various coagulants obtained in the above model experiment.
Was packed in three (125 × 125 × 45 mm) packed boxes and left outdoors to prepare a test piece for a water resistance test. 1
After a lapse of days, the test specimens (composites) taken out of the respective filling boxes are individually placed on wooden box-type gutters set to have a gradient of 8 minutes, and each test specimen is sprayed with a water spray of about 100 mm / hr by a fully automatic sprayer. At high intensity, water was sprayed.
【００４１】表５は、コンポジットの１日後の流出土量
の測定結果を示す。流出土量はコンポジット試験体３個
の平均値である。噴霧散水強度：１００ｍｍ／ｈｒ前後
の流出土量は、いずれのセメント系固化材〜凝固剤の場
合も、ブランク（セメント系固化材及び凝固剤を添加せ
ず）の場合より、少なく、大幅な改善が認められた。Table 5 shows the measurement results of the amount of soil discharged one day after the composite. The amount of soil discharged is the average of three composite specimens. Spray watering strength: The amount of soil discharged around 100 mm / hr is less than that of the blank (without adding the cement-based solidifying material and the coagulating agent) in any of the cement-based solidifying materials to the coagulating agent, and is significantly improved. Was observed.
【００４２】[0042]
【表５】 次に、表３に示す植生基盤材９３２ｇに、化成肥料（ス
ミカエース）５ｇ、実施例１のセメント系固化材２０
ｇ、種子として、トールフェスクファルコン１．０（３
００粒）を加え、良く混合して緑化資材とした。つい
で、この資材に水２６０ｇを加えてスラリーとし、これ
に凝固剤として、３号珪曹（（株）トクヤマ社製）（１
＋１）希釈水溶液２０ｇと、実施例１で示した細菌Ａの
２×１０4ｃｅｌｌｍｌ-1の希釈液３３ｍｌを加え良く
混合した。[Table 5] Next, 5 g of chemical fertilizer (Sumika Ace) was added to 932 g of the vegetation base material shown in Table 3, and the cement-based solidification material 20 of Example 1 was used.
g, as seeds, tall fescue falcon 1.0 (3
00 grains) and mixed well to obtain a greening material. Next, 260 g of water was added to this material to form a slurry, and a slurry was used as a coagulant.
+1) 20 g of a diluted aqueous solution and 33 ml of a diluent of 2 × 10 4 cell ml −1 of the bacterium A shown in Example 1 were added and mixed well.
【００４３】得られた土壌緑化・安定化資材を植生試験
用ポット５個に、１５０ｍｌずつ充填した。また、菌株
を添加しないブランク試料についても同様な方法でポッ
ト５個を作成した。このようにして得られた植生ポット
を屋外に設置した。The obtained soil greening / stabilizing material was filled into five vegetation test pots, 150 ml each. In addition, five pots were prepared in the same manner for a blank sample to which no strain was added. The vegetation pot thus obtained was installed outdoors.
【００４４】表６は３週後の発芽成育本数、ポット中の
緑化資材のｐＨ値と硬度指数を示す。表６の試験結果よ
り、菌株有りの方が、発芽生育率が１．３倍高く、ｐＨ
値は０．５低く、硬度指数も２低く、好ましい値を示し
ていることが分かった。Table 6 shows the number of germinated growths after 3 weeks, the pH value of the greening material in the pot, and the hardness index. From the test results in Table 6, the germination growth rate was 1.3 times higher in the presence of the strain, and the pH was higher.
It was found that the value was lower by 0.5 and the hardness index was lower by 2 as well, indicating a preferable value.
【００４５】[0045]
【表６】 [Table 6]
【００４６】[0046]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように、この発明によれ
ば、上述のような構成としたから、植生基盤材に添加混
合される石灰系またはセメント系固化材の固化に伴って
生成する遊離アルカリを低減し、植物の生育しやすい土
壌基盤をつくることができる。As described above, according to the present invention, since the above-described structure is employed, free alkali generated as the lime-based or cement-based solidified material added to and mixed with the vegetation base material is solidified. And a soil base on which plants can easily grow can be created.
フロントページの続き (71)出願人 591048195 綜合緑化株式会社 山口県徳山市新宿通６丁目１番12号 (72)発明者 溝上 俊治 山口県徳山市大字徳山1007−14 (72)発明者 丸本 卓哉 山口県山口市中尾702−２ (72)発明者 福永 敏宏 山口県下松市末武中和田1337 Ｆターム(参考） 2B022 AB05 BA01 BA14 BA16 BB01 2D044 DA32 Continued on the front page (71) Applicant 591048195 Sogo Greenery Co., Ltd. 6-1-12 Shinjuku-dori, Tokuyama-shi, Yamaguchi Prefecture 702-2 Nakao, Yamaguchi City, Yamaguchi Prefecture (72) Inventor Toshihiro Fukunaga 1337 Suetake Nakada, Kudamatsu City, Yamaguchi Prefecture F-term (reference) 2B022 AB05 BA01 BA14 BA16 BB01 2D044 DA32
Claims (4)
ス等の植生基盤材と石灰系またはセメント系固化材との
混合物である緑化資材と、この緑化資材に接種する好ア
ルカリ性細菌とよりなる土壌緑化・安定化資材。1. A greening material comprising a mixture of a soil, a compound fertilizer, a park compost, a vegetation base material such as peat moss and a lime-based or cement-based hardening material, and an alkaliphilic bacterium to inoculate the greening material.・ Stabilizing materials.
種である請求項１記載の土壌緑化・安定化資材。2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the alkalophilic bacterium is at least one of Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus alcalophilus, Bacillus thuringiensis, Claibacter michiganense, and Bacillus subtilis.
The soil greening / stabilizing material according to claim 1, which is a seed.
法であって、緑化資材に水を加えてスラリーとし、この
スラリーに凝固剤と好アルカリ性細菌を添加混合するこ
とを特徴とする土壌緑化・安定化資材の施工法。3. The method for constructing a soil greening / stabilizing material according to claim 1, wherein water is added to the greening material to form a slurry, and a coagulant and an alkaliphilic bacterium are added to and mixed with the slurry. Construction method of soil greening and stabilizing materials.
とも１種である請求項３記載の土壌緑化・安定化資材の
施行法。4. The method of claim 1, wherein the alkalophilic bacterium is at least one of the following: a stabilizing material of Aeromonas hydrophila; Bacillus alcalophilus;
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| CN114391334A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-04-26 | 淮阴工学院 | Grass seed coating material in high-strength vegetation concrete, coating material slurry and coated grass seeds thereof |
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