JP2002045036A - Suspension-type cultivation vessel for mushroom - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a suspension-type cultivation vessel in view of that mushroom cultivation which had been done by a conventional way of using bed logs has recently been done by a greenhouse cultivation using such vessels as boxes, bags and bottles each filled with a culture medium consisting mainly of sawdust, but there are many problems left unsolved such as high cost, unstable production volume caused by contamination by sundry germs, restricted production volume controlled by production seasonality and vessel (culture medium) volume, and health problems caused by working posture. SOLUTION: This cultivation vessel is constituted of an 'eyelet margin' 1 for suspension, hooking eyelets 2 for suspension, blocks 5 filled with a culture medium, places 3 for carpophore to grow and frames 4 for preventing from splitting, and has holes 6 for supplying e.g. water, nutrients, doubling as serving for air circulation, and joint legs 7 (fold margin) with almost the same length as that of the diameter of a cylinder.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

[Industrial application] For cultivation of mushrooms, the so-called "Hodaki", which is obtained by cutting the xylem of broadleaf trees or the like to an appropriate length, or in the case of facility cultivation, stalks are mainly stored in boxes, bags, bottles and other containers It is carried out by filling a main medium and artificially inoculating a pre-cultured hypha. Here, in facility cultivation, the facility is used three-dimensionally by connecting and hanging a plurality of blocks consisting of cylinders and the like filled with culture medium, based on the fact that the separately applied waste will be used as the culture medium base for mushroom cultivation. As a result, it is possible to improve the degree of utilization, which at the same time makes the equipment simpler than before, the labor involved in cultivation can be reduced, and the management during addition of nutrients and the like during cultivation can be simplified. The present invention also relates to cultivation of mushrooms in order to reduce production costs and increase production of high quality mushrooms.

[0002]

BACKGROUND ART Edible mushrooms in Japan are said to exceed 300 species. Most of them are wild mushrooms, but shiitake mushrooms and the like have been cultivated for a relatively long time.
The long-term efforts of Taisho, Showa and its ancestors have accumulated valuable technologies, established a method for cultivating pure cultures of seeds, and applied this technology to not only shiitake but also oyster mushrooms, nameko, enoki mushroom, shimeji mushroom, maitake, etc. Institutional cultivation has begun.

[0003] Conventional cultivation methods can be roughly classified into two methods, one using raw wood (firewood) cultivation, and the other using a box cultivation, bag cultivation, bottle cultivation, etc. filled with a medium. It is a cultivation method.

[0004] In the former method, the decayed wood of aged firewood is powdered and sprayed on a new firewood that has been laid down, or a method of spraying dry powdered fruiting bodies together with powder is used. The matured soywood was processed into a wedge shape and used as a seed piece. In recent years, as the life history of mushrooms, such as its life history, has been elucidated, mycelium culture technology has advanced, and inoculation of pure culture inoculated with the inoculation of mushroom cultivation methods using "Ogakuzu" as the main medium Came to be used. However, due to the poor workability of inoculation of seed fungi into the firewood, the mycelium was artificially cultivated on wedge-shaped pieces of wood and used as seed pieces, further improving workability and improving the hyphae after inoculation. In consideration of growth and the like, plug-shaped pieces of wood have come to be used as seed pieces. Shiitake mushrooms are still mainly produced by log cultivation.

In the latter, boxes, bags, and bottles filled with the medium of "oakakuzu and rice bran" are used for the mushrooms including the target shiitake mushrooms, due to advances in ecology such as life history and inoculation techniques of inoculum. Container cultivation is performed by inoculating a seed fungus and the like. Also, due to the labor cost, labor quality, cultivation period (multiple times / year), production cost, etc. in the traditional main production method of log cultivation, shift to a horticultural facility where the cultivation environment can be artificially controlled. There are signs, and at the same time, the number of cultivated species is expected to increase, including the production of new varieties of existing varieties, and low-cost production means that can cope with these is desired.

[0006] However, the present invention does not have a hanging type cultivation method and a connecting container for connecting mushrooms according to the present invention within the scope investigated by the applicant.

[0007]

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] In the cultivation of logs (sawwood), there are many cases where the yard uses mountain forests or its slopes, and the logs are considerable in weight. It is necessary to carry out various kinds of management work with intensive labor, subsequent assembling of shingles, harvesting of products, etc., but it is almost impossible to control the growth environment. As near as possible, the production volume and quality are controlled by changes in the natural environment since the inoculation of the inoculum to full-scale harvesting requires a yearly time, and the production volume is not always stable. Also, due to seasonal restrictions, the harvest time is determined, and most of the shipments are concentrated in a certain season. Is a negative factor, and its stability is required.

[0008] Against this background, container cultivation in boxes, bags, bottles, etc., using facility horticultural techniques using tunnels and greenhouses excavated for other purposes, including the use of raw wood, has emerged. However, in these methods, in many cases, shelves are provided in order to three-dimensionally use the space of the facility, in addition to the example using only the ground.

These shelves are also made of various materials, from wooden ones to plastic ones. However, in order to use the space more effectively, there are inconveniences in the management of containers set deep in the shelves. Yes, even if these are replaced before and after every certain period, considerable time and effort are required, and if they are not replaced, "unevenness" may occur in growth and affect price formation. In any case, it is not preferable from the viewpoint of management during cultivation.

In many cases, shelves are made to a low position, and work on the low position of the shelves not only has poor workability but also affects human health such as low back pain caused by working posture. Because of this problem, it is desired to improve facilities at least so that the production volume does not decrease more than the current situation.

Since container cultivation is pure cultivation in a certain sense, it is necessary to pay attention to contamination by other bacteria during cultivation of mycelia unless it is related to the formation of fruiting bodies. Since the inside of the facility is in an environment where other germs can easily proliferate, it is basically necessary to always keep the environment clean so that the mycelia of the target mushrooms are always dominant. For this reason, monitoring and management are easy, and at the same time, cleaning is easy, so that an optimum condition is not given to the target mushrooms, and a place for harmful germs to propagate is not provided. Therefore, it is desired to use a material and a shape that are durable and do not cause contaminants, such as a hotbed for the contamination. On the other hand, the cost required for the facility is related to the production cost.

Incidentally, one of the drawbacks of the container cultivation is that the production amount is limited by the capacity of the container (medium), and a solution is desired.

[0013]

Since the hanging type cultivation container according to the present invention is a container used for facility cultivation, it is less susceptible to the annual fluctuation of the environment than at least the open-field cultivation using firewood, bags and boxes.

In addition, since the environment in the facility can be strictly controlled, in the case of shiitake mushrooms, the spring type or the summer-autumn type, which shows a production peak, is added. Conversion is also possible, and cultivation advantageous for management can be made by preventing price collapse. For that purpose, it is essential that the addition of the "folding margin" (joint limb) of the connecting container for the above-mentioned pretreatment and transfer and the management of facilities can be sufficiently performed by simple work as in the present invention. This can be solved by the present invention.

Further, since the connected cylindrical block or the like is used hanging down in the facility, the facility can be used three-dimensionally.
Therefore, it is not necessary to install shelves and the like, which is effective in reducing costs related to the production and repair costs of shelves, solving health problems due to work in an unnatural posture, and improving workability.

The elimination of the need for shelves and the like not only eliminates the cause of contamination as a hotbed, including the ease of monitoring and management, but also hangs down to a simple device such as a curtain rail if necessary. It is extremely easy to switch back and forth. Therefore, "uneven growth" due to this
Does not occur, and the problem can be solved.

[0017] One of the drawbacks of container cultivation, the limitation of the production amount due to the capacity of the container, can be dealt with by this method because water and nutrient sources can be added and replenished as needed even during cultivation.

[0018]

The container for cultivating mushrooms according to the present invention is composed of blocks of continuous cylinders or the like having a certain capacity, and a continuous block of an appropriate number thereof is used in a hanging manner, so that the facility can be used three-dimensionally.

The required amount of light (brightness) varies depending on the stage of development and the species, but the germination rate becomes zero within several hours when exposed to sunlight, especially during the spore age. Hyphae and fruiting bodies are relatively strong, but in any case the brightness has a subtle effect.
Depending on the species, light or darkness is one of the important requirements for the fruiting body morphology and cultivation technology, and depending on the species and developmental stage, light of a certain wavelength (color) is effective. Therefore, the colored sheet is one of the features of the present invention.

The temperature also varies depending on species, varieties and developmental stages, and it is difficult to explain uniformly, but the enzymatic reaction relating to growth is activated as the temperature increases within an appropriate temperature range.
A typical suitable temperature is about 20 to 30C, and an optimum temperature is about 25C.

The formation of the fruit body primordium can be promoted by the stimulus of exposure to low temperature. The temperature varies depending on the species, the variety and the growth state of the mycelium, and also varies depending on the temperature since it is a relative value with respect to the elapsed temperature up to that point. The simplicity of these operations, including transportation, was considered in consideration of the simplicity of these operations, including the above pretreatment, and the fact that the length was made approximately the same as the diameter of the block was considered important.

Although the required amount of oxygen is generally low, it is indispensable, and if the amount is insufficient, the growth of the mycelium is delayed because the required amount is particularly large.

The water content varies slightly depending on the type of raw wood used for mushroom cultivation. According to them, the water content of the raw wood is about 40 to 45%, and the suitable for growing mycelia is 40 to 60%.
Is the water content. If it falls below 25%, mycelial growth stops. Therefore, in the case of container cultivation, when the water is required by a simple operation, the necessary amount must be replenished. Humidity is important not only for preventing the evaporation of the medium moisture, but also for the quality of the fruiting bodies, especially.

It is also important to adjust the pH of the medium, and the appropriate range varies depending on the species of the mushroom, but is on the acidic side of about 7 to 4. However, it must be adjusted as it decreases with time in the cultivation process and changes to the acidic side. The adjustment can be made relatively easily with hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide, and can be adjusted even during cultivation.

Since they are living organisms, they naturally have nutritional requirements, which vary not only depending on species, but also on varieties and development stages, but are basically a matter of the balance of these nutrients. Meanwhile, in container cultivation, the growth amount, that is, the production amount is determined by the capacity of the container. They depend on the amount of nutrients such as carbon source, nitrogen source, inorganic salts, small amounts of vitamins and certain organic substances, and their balance in proportion to the stage of development. The purpose can be achieved by adding and replenishing in a jelly form or a liquid form while holding. Holes for this are provided in each cylindrical block.

As described above, based on the physiological history and the life history of mushrooms, the knowledge and techniques thereof are used for facility cultivation to increase production with simple labor. Therefore, the maintenance of the environment, nutritional requirements, etc., which have already been described, can always be satisfied, and for that purpose, the hanging type cultivation container according to the present invention can sufficiently cope with it.

[0027]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. FIG. 1 is a front view, a top view and a side view of each of the I and II types in a cultivation container in which mushrooms are connected according to the present invention. I
Is a connected cylindrical block, and II is a hanging type cultivation container for mushrooms each constituted by a triangular tetrahedral block shown as an example other than the cylindrical type.

In FIG. 1, 1 is an "eyelet for hanging" for hanging, 2 is an eyelet for hook for hanging, 5 is a block filled with a medium, 3 is a place where fruit bodies grow, and 4 is a place for growing fruit bodies. It is a frame for tear prevention. 6 is the moisture that also serves as air circulation,
It is a supply hole for nutrients. Reference numeral 7 denotes a connecting limb (folding margin) having substantially the same length as the diameter of the cylinder. Reference numeral 8 denotes a contact / welded portion.

The medium is filled with a cylindrical block as an example. In FIG. 2, one end of a sheet cylinder 9 serving as a cultivation container (block) 5 is first contacted with an eyelet margin.
A medium filling machine 1 provided with a medium feed pipe 11 slightly smaller than the circumference from the other end which is welded and sealed and cut to an appropriate length.
At 0, the leading end of the feed pipe is inserted into the sheet cylinder 9 and a predetermined amount of a medium inoculated or inoculated with the inoculum in advance is pumped to a predetermined position.・ The block 5 shown in FIG. 1 filled with the medium is formed by welding, and then the next welding / welding is performed at an interval of approximately the same length as the diameter of the block, and the connecting limb (folding) of FIG. (Sill) 7 is formed. By repeating these operations, a hanging cultivation container filled with a medium for the connected mushrooms is completed.

The holes 6, the fruiting body generating site 3, and the frame 4 for the addition of water, nutrients, and the distribution of air can be formed before or after the filling operation.

Cultivation vessels other than cylindrical blocks can be formed basically by following the above method. However, in the case of a triangular tetrahedral block, contact angles where the angles of the contact and welding lines are adjacent to each other can be obtained.・ In the welding line, forming by repeating contacting and welding at appropriate intervals so that they intersect at almost the center in the vertical direction, and there is no need to provide special connecting limbs (folding margins) The medium may be filled in the same manner as in the cylindrical block.

In FIG. 3, I is a perspective view of a cylindrical connecting block, and II is a perspective view of a hanging cultivation container for mushrooms constituted by a triangular tetrahedral connecting block.

[0033]

The above invention has the following effects. 1. Productivity can be improved by using the facility three-dimensionally. 2. Management during cultivation, such as replenishment of water and nutrient sources and adjustment of PH in the culture medium, can be performed appropriately and easily, and the production amount can be stabilized. 3. The ability to replenish nutrients and water can dramatically increase the production, including quality, of mushrooms that are limited by the capacity of the culture medium. 4. Since the peak season of production can be delayed or advanced, an increase in production value can be expected. 5. Since fixed works can be eliminated from the facility, it is easy to control contamination due to various bacteria in addition to improving workability.
Production can be stabilized. 6. Since the cultivation work can be simplified and the work posture can be improved, it is possible to contribute to maintaining the health of the workers.

[0034]

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view, a top view, and a side view of a hanging type cultivation container connected to a cylindrical mushroom according to the present invention. It is a front view, a top view, and a side view of a hanging type cultivation container in which mushrooms composed of a triangular four-sided type II are connected.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a medium filling step.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a hanging type cultivation container for mushrooms, where I is a cylindrical connection block, and II is a triangular four-sided block.

[0035]

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Eyelet margin for drooping 2 Eyelet 3 Field for growth of fruiting body 4 Break prevention frame 5 Block filled with culture medium 6 Supply hole for nutrient sources etc. that also serves as air flow 7 Connecting limb (folding margin) 8 Contact / welding part 9 Cylindrical sheet 10 Medium filling machine 11 Medium feed pipe 12 Welding and welding machine 13 Hopper

Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Tomoyuki Kasahara 1-17, Nakanobu 1-chome, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo (72) Inventor Masaaki Inoue 4-12-5, Ogaya, Kamakura-shi, Kanagawa F-term (reference) 2B011 BA05 DA02 DA02 EA07 GA03

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. One end of a cylinder having an appropriate thickness, which is made of a sheet of transparent or opaque plastic or waterproof paper, is welded and sealed, and is placed at an appropriate distance from the welding and welding line. The following welding and welding are performed to form a cylindrical block filled with the culture medium, and then welding and welding are performed to form a connecting limb at a position larger than the cylinder diameter from the welding and welding line. Cylindrical blocks are created by repeating contact and welding at such intervals, and each block is filled with a medium or a medium inoculated with mycelia and used for hanging cultivation of mushrooms. A cultivation container characterized in that: 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein a field for growing the fruiting body is provided in advance on an arbitrary surface or on a plurality of surfaces such as front and back surfaces on the upper surface or the side surface of the cylindrical shape. A hanging cultivation container for mushrooms, wherein a suitable number of holes are formed to serve as holes for replenishment and adjustment of water, nutrient sources, PH, etc. 3. A hanging cultivation container for mushrooms according to claim 1, wherein an appropriate color is added to the sheet constituting the cylindrical block in addition to being colorless. In the present invention, the shape of the block is not limited to a cylindrical shape, and a block such as a prism type, a ball type, a pot type, a triangular tetrahedron type and the like may be used by connecting and hanging. Characteristic mushroom cultivation container.