JP2002030937A - Engine and system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To effect similar result as the newest engines which perform pilot fuel injection to even old type diesel engines or used engines and to provide technology for enhancing thermal efficiency and exhaust gas control for newest common rail type diesel engines. SOLUTION: An auxiliary fuel atomizing and mixing part is disposed in an intake flow passage 2 and a uniform lean spray or a partial area spray or a stratified spray is created using fuel of high cetane values and introduced into cylinders. An injection nozzle 12 is modified into a jet collision type nozzle and a high swirl generating mechanism is newly provided on an intake port. A common rail is provided with a fuel heating means and a system for pressurizing and supplying a combustion promoting material, and the combustion promoting material is injected to efficiently burn emulsion fuel of high water contents and the like. Further, the interior wall of each cylinder, the upper surface of each piston and an exhaust flow passage have their respective surfaces formed into false black bodies by flame spraying of titanium dioxide, and a condensing turbine, a condenser, and a reverse osmosis film filtering device or the like are arranged behind an exhaust pipe to reduce exhaust emissions.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention mainly relates to improvement of combustion efficiency of a diesel engine or a gasoline engine using a hydrocarbon fuel such as light oil, kerosene, heavy oil, methanol, DME, LPG, LNG and various emulsion fuels. Also, the present invention relates to the provision of performance improvement technology such as engine improvement technology for improving exhaust gas purification.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Some developments and advances have been made on techniques for improving the combustion efficiency of diesel engines or purifying exhaust gases. As for the fuel supplied from the intake port, propane gas or the like is sucked into the cylinder together with the intake air and ignited and burned by the original fuel injection to reduce suspended particulate matter, a recent common rail system or In the unit pump injector system,
By injecting a small amount of fuel by pilot injection and burning before the main fuel injection, the initial in-cylinder gas temperature in the main fuel injection is increased, thereby improving fuel efficiency and reducing the generation of suspended particulate matter. Further, a filter filtration device called DPF has been provided to reduce only suspended particulate matter. In addition, various proposals have been made such as an emulsion fuel obtained by mixing water with a fuel, an engine having a water injection nozzle in a cylinder, and the like.

[0003]

However, in a gas-fuel system using propane gas or the like, a high-pressure gas tank must be separately provided in addition to the main fuel, and a normal gas station can supply fuel. However, there are problems such as the burden on facilities and the number of fuel supply bases are small.In addition, the pilot fuel injection method for diesel engines using the latest common rail system or unit injector system can be applied only to new models or later. It does not apply to the engines of many older cars currently on the market that do not adopt the new model. In addition, suspended particulate matter of sub-micron size or less is discharged even when the DPF filter device is used. Furthermore, the use of emulsion fuel or the water injection engine in a cylinder has the effect of assuming that the initial ignitability of fuel decreases. The next technological development was required to improve fuel efficiency and purify exhaust gas, which does not appear in the future era.

[0004] The present invention finds improvements in existing technologies to satisfy the two needs of the current market, that is, improvement of thermal efficiency and purification of exhaust gas. By performing relatively easy modification work on the engine, it has almost the same effect as performing the latest pilot injection, etc.In the latest common rail type diesel engine, high water content fuel, compressed liquefied gas, etc. Technology to further enhance its performance (thermal efficiency and exhaust gas purification), a new fuel injection nozzle that can obtain fine fuel spray even at moderate fuel injection pressure, and a cylinder inner surface or exhaust flow path throughout the internal combustion engine. Technology that enhances the absorption and radiation characteristics of thermal radiation energy generated from the inner surface and actively utilizes it for combustion and exhaust gas purification, and new exhaust gas purification technology It is an object of the present invention to provide a basic system of the new engine should also referred to as a diesel steam engine.

[0005]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention firstly adopts a premixed compression combustion combined system (pilot fuel spray combustion system) applicable to an old diesel engine and a used diesel engine. Two fuel supply systems were introduced: a main fuel system that directly injects and burns the main fuel into the cylinder of the engine, and an auxiliary fuel system that has an auxiliary fuel spray mixing unit on the intake passage from the air filter to the intake valve. The same fuel as the main fuel or a high cetane number fuel such as light oil, kerosene or DME is used as the fuel for the installation and auxiliary fuel system. The auxiliary fuel temperature is controlled by heating, and the signal of the intake air flow rate or engine speed is used. In conjunction with, a mixture concentration control system that maintains the concentration of the mixture and the fine particle size of the spray at an optimal set value for premix compression ignition is provided,
Pilot combustion in which a uniform lean mixture (spray) is generated on the intake passage using the auxiliary fuel spray mixing section and supplied into each cylinder, and burns in the piston compression process, and diffusion combustion by main fuel injection A combined system was proposed.

[0006] Second, a partial region mixture (partial region spray) or a stratified mixture (stratified spray) which does not uniformly diffuse the fuel spray in the auxiliary fuel spray mixing section with respect to the intake air is generated by each cylinder. A method was proposed in which the fuel was supplied to the inside and the pilot combustion was performed.

Third, as an improvement of the latest engine, an engine having an effective high combustion efficiency by using a high water content fuel such as an emulsion fuel or a low ignitable fuel having a low cetane number such as methanol as a main fuel. In order to provide a cleaner low-emission engine of exhaust gas, in a unit pump injector system, one cylinder has two unit pump injectors and two systems of fuel injection camshafts or a pressure-accumulation type fuel injection device. Used two fuel rail common rail systems. That is, each cylinder of a diesel engine is provided with two fuel injection nozzles, a main fuel injection nozzle and an auxiliary fuel injection nozzle, and at the same time, each is provided with two fuel systems, a main fuel injection system and an auxiliary fuel injection system. The auxiliary fuel injection nozzle and auxiliary fuel injection system work by using a high cetane number or low moisture content emulsion fuel for pilot fuel injection at the time of engine startup or normal operation, and the main fuel injection nozzle and the main fuel It was proposed to operate by injecting and burning high moisture content emulsion fuel or non-ignitable fuel in the injection system.

Fourth, in a diesel or gasoline engine equipped with a state-of-the-art accumulator type fuel injection system,
If necessary, a fuel heating means (ceramic heater, etc.) is placed in the common rail, and various combustion promoting materials (combustion materials) other than the main fuel are made into a liquid state or a supercritical state.
We proposed an engine and a system to supply pressure (high pressure injection) into the common rail.

Fifthly, a pressure accumulating type fuel injection system is developed by evolving the fourth proposal exclusively for diesel engines, and as a system capable of easily and instantaneously and continuously changing and generating the water content of an emulsion fuel or a water-containing fuel. Two fuel supply branch pipes extend from the common rail to each cylinder, and are connected to the main fuel injection nozzle and the auxiliary fuel injection nozzle, respectively, and inside the branch pipe flow path of the common rail connected to the main fuel injection nozzle,
A common rail system was proposed in which an inlet or a narrow pipe for injecting and joining a set amount of water or hot water from a high-pressure injector as a combustion promoting material (combustion aid) was connected in the branch pipe.

Sixth, as a means for generating swirl in a cylinder in an intake air compression process of an engine, an overflow having a cross section perpendicular to the intake flow path on the intake flow path, a structure installed on the intake flow path, or a power means is provided. A part of the intake air on the intake flow path is sucked by a suction blower using the air, exhausted so as to generate an overflow in the circumferential direction of the flow path, a swirl is generated in the suction flow path, and the swirl is sucked into the cylinder. We have proposed an engine and system to create simple swirls or complex multiple swirls in a cylinder by introducing them.

Seventh, in order to reduce the fuel spray of the diesel engine, the arrangement and shape of the hole-type nozzle injection holes frequently used in the direct injection type diesel engine are changed.
We have proposed a diesel engine equipped with a jet impingement nozzle, in which sprays immediately after injection in the direction of fuel injection of a multi-hole injection nozzle collide with each other to further refine the fuel.

Eighth, an exhaust flow path behind an exhaust valve is used as a means for improving the water supply efficiency of a diesel engine using various emulsion fuels having a high water content and a water-containing fuel as the main fuel and purifying exhaust gas behind the exhaust gas. In the exhaust pipe), an ascites turbine or an ascites device that cools and condenses water vapor in the exhaust gas is installed to condense and recover a part of the moisture in the exhaust gas. A water-water separator is installed to separate and collect water droplets, or a porous membrane filter is installed at the subsequent stage to remove air pollutants (fine particulate matter, etc.) contained in water (ascites) that has been cooled and separated. To remove the air pollutants, or to further remove the air pollutants contained in the ascites by installing a reverse osmosis membrane filtration device for the ascites further cooled, and repurifying the ascites again with the hydrous fuel. For Characterized by use as,
A system for exhaust gas purification and ascites recycling of diesel engines was proposed.

Ninth, the eighth system for recycling ascites for hydrous fuel is further expanded to collect condensed water generated from an air conditioner such as an air conditioner used in a vehicle or the like and use it as water for hydrous fuel. Proposed a system to do

Tenthly, in the internal combustion engine at present, heat radiation at high temperatures on the inner surface of the cylinder of the engine or the inner surface of the flow path of the exhaust gas is hardly taken into consideration. Although it depends on the material or state of the radiator, the radiant absorptivity of the normal engine is generally at most 0.7 or less in the heat radiation region (far infrared region). It is also said that the intensity of the radiant energy from the surface of the object increases in proportion to the fourth power of the absolute temperature of the surface of the object and the radiant absorptivity of the surface of the object. Therefore, in the present application, in order to improve the combustibility, at least the non-sliding surface of the inner surface of the cylinder in contact with the combustion gas of the engine, or the surface of the exhaust flow path behind the exhaust valve in the far infrared wavelength region, the radiation absorption rate of the surface. It is proposed that the material has a heat radiation absorbing property close to that of a black body, which exceeds at least 0.7, or is formed by thermal spraying or the like.

[0015]

Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the conceptual diagram of the diesel engine provided with the auxiliary fuel spray mixing section in FIG. 1, an intake air flow rate (flow velocity) sensor 3 is arranged in an intake passage 2 starting from an air filter 1, and an auxiliary fuel spray nozzle 4 is further arranged downstream. Have been. Further downstream, a uniform stirring and mixing section 2a for uniformly dispersing the sprayed fuel into the intake air is disposed, and the same type of fuel used for the main fuel injection nozzle 12 from the fuel tank 6 is used by the auxiliary fuel injection control device 5 Based on the instruction of the sensor 3 or the engine rotation signal of the control device 13 originally provided in the engine, the auxiliary fuel spray amount is increased or decreased in accordance with the operating speed of the engine or the load condition, and the intake air is optimal for pilot spray combustion. A homogeneous mixed spray (air-fuel mixture) having a uniform concentration is supplied to each cylinder 9. The intake air flow rate (flow rate) sensor 3 is controlled by the controller 13.
If it is possible to reliably use the rotation signal from, it may be omitted. Further, the uniform stirring / mixing section 2a may be omitted when the auxiliary fuel spray nozzle alone can uniformly spray the air-fuel mixture.

In the layout of the present invention, not only a newly installed diesel engine but also an engine currently in use on the market and which is currently used can be easily modified and installed. The mounting position of the auxiliary fuel spray nozzle 4 in the intake flow path is simply installed upstream before the intake flow path is divided for each cylinder, but desirably, directly before each intake valve, directly in the cylinder. It is desirable to be arranged for each cylinder or each intake valve similarly to the electronic fuel injection system of the gasoline engine other than the injection. The size of the fine droplet diameter of the fuel spray is adjusted by controlling the heating of the fuel temperature by the fuel temperature control function of the auxiliary fuel injection control device 5 to change the viscosity of the auxiliary fuel and the performance of the nozzle. I do. The air-fuel mixture (mixed spray) sucked into the cylinder is ignited from the combustible air-fuel mixture on the surface of the fine oil droplets according to the particle size of the oil droplets, and diffusion combustion is performed for a short time. This combustion time can also be adjusted by adjusting the fine droplet diameter of the fuel spray. The setting of the location of the auxiliary fuel spraying unit and the setting of the auxiliary fuel supply temperature are not shown in this figure after testing the optimum values in advance for each engine and operating environment. The fuel spray concentration and the fuel spray temperature are program-controlled by installing each sensor. The fuel injection from the main fuel injection nozzle 12 is responsible for so-called diffusion combustion, but is set as a single injection amount slightly smaller than a normal injection amount. NOx in the premixed compression combustion system of the diesel engine currently being tested alone
The emission of methane is extremely reduced, but the generation of unburned substances (fine particulate matter) is not reduced. In the present application, premixed compression combustion is also used as pilot spray combustion, and the initial gas temperature in the cylinder at the time of ignition of main fuel injection is raised to increase the combustion time during diffusion combustion by main fuel injection from the main fuel injection nozzle 12. To reduce the generation of unburned substances in the cylinder.

As the fuel to be used, light oil and kerosene are generally used. However, if a highly viscous fuel such as heavy fuel oil C or a fuel with a large amount of impurities is used as the main fuel, an auxiliary fuel spray is used. Use the light oil, kerosene, etc., which have a high cetane number and stable components. It is also possible to use an emulsion fuel for both the auxiliary fuel and the main fuel.However, for the auxiliary fuel, use an emulsion fuel having a water content within a range in which premixed compression ignition can be performed, and an injection timing of the main fuel injection. Adjust appropriately. Further, it is desirable that the temperature of the fuel for the auxiliary fuel spray and the temperature of the fuel for the main fuel injection be appropriately heated by engine heat or electric heat.
FIG. 2 is a supply image diagram of a uniform stirring fuel spray, taking a four-cylinder diesel engine as an example.

FIGS. 3 and 4 are conceptual diagrams of a diesel engine with an auxiliary fuel spray section for pilot fuel spray. FIG. 4 shows a multi-auxiliary fuel spray section system having an auxiliary fuel spray nozzle for each cylinder. The difference from the previous explanation is that
First, the air-fuel mixture generated from the auxiliary fuel spray nozzle is not uniformly diffused in the intake passage. FIG. 5 is a supply image of a partial region mixture (partial region spray) by a single pilot fuel spray device using a four-cylinder diesel engine as an example. FIG. 6 is an image of supply of a stratified mixture (stratified spray) by the same single pilot fuel spray device. FIG. 7 is an image of the supply of the partial region mixture (partial region spray) into the cylinder by the multi-pilot fuel spray device. FIG. 8 is also an image of supply of a stratified mixture (stratified spray) in a cylinder by the multi-pilot fuel spray device. The operation of the auxiliary fuel spray can be performed by opening and closing the intake valve in synchronization with the opening and closing operation of the intake valve, or by continuously increasing and decreasing the operation in accordance with the engine speed or intake load condition.

The difference from the premixed compression ignition system of a normal diesel engine is that the amount of fuel spray is reduced in order to reduce the combustion explosion power caused by the compression ignition of the mixture (mixed spray) in the auxiliary fuel spray before the main fuel injection. The explosive power at the time of combustion is reduced by controlling the size of the average fine droplet diameter of the fuel in the auxiliary fuel spray without suppressing gasification completely. Therefore, in pilot fuel spraying, it is important to adjust the particle size of fine droplets of fuel that are uniformly generated, and as the particle size of the fine droplets increases, the combustion time during compression ignition increases, and the explosive power increases. However, the diameter of the fuel is reduced due to the fact that it is supplied into the cylinder on the air flow in the intake passage, and if it is too large, the combustion proceeds to incomplete combustion. The injection pattern of the auxiliary fuel spray is, as shown in the above figure, a spray pattern of a narrow band-shaped air-fuel mixture is generated near the center of the intake air flow, and the mixture is supplied to each cylinder on the air flow of the intake air. A mixture region and an air-only region or a mixture concentration are alternately generated intermittently in the direction of flow of the mixture gas to supply at least one block of the mixture mixture into the cylinder during the intake process of each cylinder. To be adjusted. Accordingly, three types of auxiliary fuel spray patterns are available: the above-described stratified mixture supply system, the partial region mixture supply system, and combinations thereof.

The mechanical parts of the auxiliary fuel spray device are:
For example, the electronic control fuel injection device for gasoline engines is diverted, or the number of spray nozzles is switched on and off according to the intake air flow rate and flow rate by using an analog switching method using multiple nozzle spray nozzles and solenoid valves. A scheme may be used.
The main fuel injection amount from the main fuel injection nozzle 12 is based on the main fuel injection after the pilot fuel injection used in the latest diesel engine. In the case where the in-cylinder combustion gas temperature uses a normal fuel, an emulsion fuel, or a flame-retardant fuel such as methanol, the spray amount of the pilot fuel spray is adjusted approximately from 800 ° C. to 1300 ° C. As a fuel for spraying the auxiliary fuel, an emulsion fuel having a water content within a range in which pre-compression ignition is possible can be used, but the use of other non-ignitable fuels as an auxiliary fuel is avoided.

FIG. 9 shows the concept of a diesel engine having two fuel systems, a main fuel injection nozzle and an auxiliary fuel injection nozzle, in each cylinder. Using two high-pressure fuel pumps installed in the engine, the main fuel supply system 17 is used to supply a high-moisture content gasoline or kerosene emulsion fuel, a flame-retardant fuel such as methanol, or a low cetane number fuel from the main fuel supply system 17. It is supplied to the fuel common rail 15. The auxiliary fuel supply system 18 supplies light oil / kerosene or a light oil / kerosene emulsion fuel with a low water content to the auxiliary fuel common rail 16.
The auxiliary fuel system and the main fuel system are operated only by the auxiliary fuel system when the engine is started, and the high-pressure solenoid valve is operated to activate the auxiliary fuel injection nozzle 4c from the auxiliary fuel injection nozzle 4c as normal diffusion combustion. Start the engine by injecting fuel into the cylinder, or 4c from the start
The fuel injection is performed in two patterns, pilot fuel injection and diffusion combustion injection, using the fuel injection. When the engine starts to operate, the high-pressure solenoid valve is immediately and continuously activated by the instruction of the central control unit, and the main fuel is injected. At the same time as injecting high moisture content emulsion fuel for diffusion combustion from the injection nozzle 12 into the cylinder, the auxiliary fuel system operates only for pilot fuel injection, and the auxiliary fuel injection nozzle 4c outputs a high cetane number high fuel before the main fuel injection. Only pilot fuel injection is performed with fuel.

With respect to the emulsion fuel, like an A55 fuel in the United States, an emulsion fuel in which an additive such as methanol is added and water having a maximum mass ratio of 55% is added, or a mixer for stirring and mixing the emulsion fuel to produce an engine is used. To produce and use emulsion fuel from water and light oil / kerosene. Regarding the fuel temperature, when starting the engine at low temperature or in cold regions, appropriate electric heating is used together, and during operation, the fuel is sufficiently heated and heated by effectively utilizing the exhaust heat generated by the engine. Warm and lead to each injection nozzle. Although the present embodiment is illustrated and described assuming a common rail system, the basic concept is not changed even in a unit pump injector system or the like.

FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram of an engine provided with a high-pressure pump for injecting and mixing a combustion promoting material into a common rail. Normal fuel such as light oil is supplied to the common rail 20 by the right high-pressure fuel pump, while the combustion promoting material is
4 to the common rail. Water, carbon dioxide, propane gas, DM
E, etc. are used. The case where the combustion promoter is supplied to the common rail in a liquid state and the case where carbon dioxide, propane gas and the like are supplied in a supercritical state can be set. Further, the supply temperature of the combustion promoter is appropriately heated and increased. The combustion promoting material supplied in a supercritical state to the common rail, for example, propane gas or carbon dioxide diffuses uniformly and evenly in the main fuel, and instantaneously expands when sprayed from the main fuel injection nozzle 12 into the cylinder. Thus, the spray characteristics of the main fuel are greatly improved. Although not shown, a bubble discharge hole for taking out bubbles generated inside and floating upward in the upper surface portion of the common rail and a discharge control valve therefor are provided as necessary.

FIG. 11 shows the concept of a pressure-accumulation type fuel injection system and a diesel engine using a water-containing fuel, which are further developed from the above. A fuel branch pipe is connected to each of two auxiliary fuel injection nozzles 4c (with a high-pressure solenoid valve) and a main fuel injection nozzle 12 arranged on a cylinder from a common rail 20 dedicated to fuel. Inside the branch pipe for the main fuel injection nozzle, a high pressure water or hot water injection narrow pipe 22 for supplying water or hot water from the common rail 21 for high pressure water or high pressure hot water via the high pressure solenoid valve 23 to the main fuel injection nozzle is further provided. Is arranged. In FIG. 12, the injection capillary 22 is made as short as possible and only the injection port is arranged in the branch pipe. The difference is that the supply method of water or hot water uses a high-pressure injection pump 24 to inject water or hot water in an analog manner.

In operation, the auxiliary fuel system is operated under the control of the ECU for starting the engine and for pilot fuel injection, and fuel is injected from the auxiliary fuel injection nozzle 4c. When the engine starts to operate, the main fuel system operates continuously and immediately, while injecting an appropriate set amount from the high-pressure water & hot water injection thin tube 22 into the branch pipe flow path into the fuel branch pipe connected to the main fuel system. High water content fuel is injected and burned into the cylinder from the main fuel injection nozzle 12. As the fuel used for the fuel common rail 20, a low moisture content emulsion fuel can be used, and the temperature of water injected into the branch pipe for the auxiliary fuel system is sufficiently higher than the temperature of the fuel (for example, When the hot water is injected and merged into the fuel inside the branch pipe flow path, heat is transferred from the hot water to the fuel side, and at the same time a drastic change in density occurs between the two. , Mixing is promoted. When high-temperature hot water flows through the entire fuel flow path, the service life of components used in the fuel flow path may be shortened due to thermal fragility. However, in the case of this embodiment, only a very limited part of the fuel flow path is durable. What is necessary is just to comprise with the component of a life. The fuel injection mode in the auxiliary fuel system and the main fuel system is not limited to pilot fuel injection, but is performed by appropriately combining split injection (multi-stage injection), expansion process injection, and the like. As described above, the exhaust heat of the engine is effectively used for heating and heating the fuel and water. As an example of the combustion conditions, the recommended combustion temperature in the cylinder is set to approximately 1300 ° C. In order to maximize the mechanical efficiency of the engine, setting and changing of fuel temperature, water temperature, water content of water-containing fuel, pilot fuel injection timing and injection amount, split injection at the time of main fuel injection, etc. are controlled. The ECU is programmed.

FIG. 13 shows a system concept of a common rail type diesel engine provided with two fuel injection nozzles. Regarding the fuel accumulation pressure of the common rail, by increasing the fuel temperature, in the present embodiment, even if the common rail is operated at a pressure slightly lower than the normally used pressure, the fuel viscosity decreases and the actual injection amount increases due to water mixing. Thereby, the fuel injection characteristics are improved.

FIG. 14 is a conceptual diagram of an engine in which a structure for generating a swirl in a direction perpendicular to the flow path is installed in an intake flow path of the engine. The intake air is given a circular motion around the pipe by the structure arranged in the suction passage in a screw shape, and swirl is generated.The swirl flows into the cylinder from the intake port while maintaining the energy, and the cylinder is circled as it is. It changes into a swirl to be around. Main fuel injection nozzle 12
The fuel sprayed from the cylinder can spread the spray evenly and evenly with respect to the airflow in the cylinder. It is possible to remove the intake pipe and install it even on older engines that do not have a swirl control valve. FIG. 15 is a conceptual diagram of an engine having two intake ports. By using an electric overcurrent generator, air is sucked from the middle of the intake flow path and is ejected along the circumference to generate strong swirl in the intake pipe and to introduce the swirl into the cylinder. The swirl generated in the cylinder is not a simple one-way swirl, but double, triple or more multiple swirls are generated by the arrangement of the intake ports and the setting of the rotational direction of the swirl of each intake port. FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of the occurrence of multiple swirls generated in a cylinder assumed to be the rotational direction of the swirl of each intake port.

FIG. 17 is a conceptual diagram of a jet collision type fuel injection nozzle. The left side of the drawing is a horn-type nozzle injection hole usually used in a direct injection diesel engine. After injection, the fuel spray diffuses toward the outer periphery of the cylinder as shown by an arrow. On the other hand, the injection nozzle using the jet impingement type nozzle orifice is on the right side, and the fuel spray collides with each other once immediately after injection as shown by the arrow, further refines and diffuses again toward the cylinder outer periphery, Early combustion is measured.

FIG. 18 shows the concept of an exhaust gas purification system provided with an ascites pump. FIG. 19 is a concept of an exhaust gas purification system using a combination of an ascites turbine and an ascites pump. It is attached to an exhaust pipe behind an engine using a high water content emulsion fuel. In FIG. 18, exhaust gas 45 containing a large amount of water vapor is introduced into a purification device to finely separate water from an attached water tank. The water droplet spray pump 48 sprays the fine water droplet spray nozzle 31 into the exhaust gas. The exhaust gas flow path may be throttled in a bench-uri manner. Further, the exhaust gas is cooled by the exhaust gas cooling heat exchanging section 46 using water at a later stage, and a part of the condensed water vapor (ascites) is discharged from a lower outlet. The heat exchanging section 46 is a heat exchanging section using a porous material, and is discharged from a fine hole in the exhaust gas from the plate surface of the heat exchanging section used for cooling, and is discharged together from a lower outlet. In this type of heat exchange section, an exhaust gas steam secondary cooling section 49 is provided at a later stage to further cool and condense the exhaust gas steam. The ascites collected by the two heat exchange units is collected from the lower part of the apparatus as exhaust gas washing wastewater, and is sent to a fine solids removal filter 52 by a wastewater suction pump 51. Since fine particulate matter in the exhaust gas of the engine is dissolved in the waste water, it is filtered by 52,
If necessary, the separated fine particulate matter is periodically burned and incinerated by the solid electrothermal incinerator 53, and the exhaust gas is also returned to the preceding stage of the exhaust gas purification device by the electric exhaust fan 54 again. The water (hot water) that has passed through 52 adsorbs air pollutants dissolved by the chemical adsorption section or the electric reaction section 55 with activated carbon or an adsorbent. The electroreaction section reduces the influence of dissolved NOx and SOx by redoxing (reducing the oxidation-reduction potential) the wastewater in an electrolysis portion of water using a porous metal film. Further, the water temperature is cooled by a radiator (radiator) 56 and returned to the water tank for cleaning and cooling the exhaust gas.

In FIG. 19, the kinetic energy of the exhaust gas is effectively recovered by installing the ascites turbine 59 in front of the exhaust gas purification device, and the cooling temperature is reduced by using a heat pump 57 in the rear cooling portion of the exhaust gas purification device. The efficiency of recovery by cooling and condensing steam is increased. The steam condensed ascites (drainage) recovered from the lower part of the apparatus is first cooled sufficiently by a radiator 56, and then the fine particulate matter or other substances contained in the ascites by a reverse osmosis membrane filter or a hollow fiber membrane filter 62. The purified water obtained by filtering a part of the chemical components is returned to the water tank for water-containing fuel and reused.
The exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the present embodiment is particularly suitable for a diesel engine using a water-containing fuel having a high water content, in that when water vapor condenses into water, it is easy to condense with fine particulate matter as a nucleus and NOx. , SOx and other air pollutants are easily dissolved in water and collected as ascites.
As a result, the exhaust gas is purified. In addition, by making the flow path of the exhaust gas behave like a cyclone in the inside of the purification device, the capability of separating steam and water in the exhaust gas is improved. The ascites device is usually used for ascites condensation of only steam containing almost no gaseous components such as a steam engine.In this example, however, by applying the present invention to a diesel engine using a water-containing fuel having a high water content, the exhaust gas can be reduced. Used for purification. Further, the water generated only by the combustion of the fuel is separately calculated, and at least about 50% of the water used in the water-containing fuel and the exhaust gas purification device is recovered as condensed ascites. With half the amount of water used, the engine can be operated. In addition, when adapting to vehicles, etc., the condensed water tank 63 that collects and reuses condensed water generated during cooling from air conditioners such as air conditioners is installed and the system is changed to further reduce the amount of water for water-containing fuel. Will be.

FIGS. 20 and 21 show the concept of a diesel engine and a gasoline engine whose inner surfaces are processed with a high heat radiation absorbing material. Reference numeral 40 denotes a non-sliding surface on which the piston of the cylinder does not rub. 41 is a high heat radiation absorption surface, also called a pseudo black body surface. In this embodiment, the upper surface of the piston of the engine and the non-sliding surface of the cylinder, the combustion chamber side of the intake valve and the exhaust valve, and the gas passage surface of the exhaust gas passage are coated by a low-temperature spraying technique using titanium dioxide. Established. The parts were processed in the disassembled state, and the exhaust passage was divided and assembled to form a single body after spraying titanium dioxide and then assembling the parts. The heat radiation absorptivity of the processed surface exceeds 0.9. The amount of radiant heat absorbed is about twice that before processing. When fuel is burned inside the cylinder, 2000 ° C is instantaneous in normal combustion.
It is said that the temperature will be around. At this time, strong radiant energy is radiated from the combustion gas to the piston upper surface and the cylinder inner surface. This radiation intensity increases in proportion to the fourth power of the absolute temperature and propagates at the speed of light. The radiant energy of the combustion gas that reaches the inner surface of the cylinder and the upper surface of the piston is instantaneously (almost 0 seconds) reflected on the wall according to the radiant absorptivity of the wall, and then instantaneously converges near the center of the combustion chamber of the cylinder. And partly absorbed by the combustion gas. Further, this radiant energy is reflected on the inner surface of the cylinder according to its radiant absorptivity, and is repeated instantaneously until the radiant energy is attenuated. As a result, the instantaneous maximum temperature of the combustion gas in the cylinder is increased, the generation of NOx and the like increases, and the thermal reaction results instantaneously, so that the generation of unburned substances such as CO and HC does not decrease. If the inner surface of the piston inside the cylinder is processed with the pseudo black body of the present embodiment, when the fuel burns in the cylinder, most of the radiant energy is absorbed by the inner wall surface of the inner cylinder and instantly reflected at the speed of light. Almost no radiant energy. On the other hand, on the surface of the pseudo black body, the surface temperature rises by absorbing the radiant energy of the combustion peak, and part of the surface escapes as transfer heat of the solid, but after a moment with respect to the combustion gas side, The radiant energy corresponding to the surface temperature is continuously emitted, and the portion not absorbed by the combustion gas is again absorbed by the cylinder wall surface, and the same is repeated. Therefore, the maximum energy peak during combustion is reduced by the pistons and cylinders whose inner surfaces are processed with a pseudo black body, and at the same time, the energy during subsequent reactions is increased, resulting in a tendency to reduce NOx and the like, and the generation of unburned substances. To reduce. In particular, when a fuel having a high water content such as an emulsion fuel is used as the fuel, the reactivity of the water and OH bonds during combustion is radicalized by the surface treatment using titanium dioxide or the like. Similarly, in the exhaust passage, the chemical reaction in the high-temperature exhaust gas is enhanced, and the subsequent generation of unburned substances is effectively reduced. In the gasoline engine of FIG. 21 as well, the maximum peak energy of the combustion gas in the cylinder after the combustion explosion is reduced by the ignition plug, and the reactivity is continuously improved thereafter.

Here, some terms used in the present application will be described. In the case of the same type of fuel, it refers to the type of fuel such as light oil, kerosene, or heavy oil A. In a broad sense, water-containing fuel and base fuel are used, and light oil and light oil emulsion are interpreted as the same type of base fuel. It may be done. The optimum set value for premixed compression combustion (pilot spray combustion) is when the mixture is sucked into the cylinder and compressed and ignited, and the concentration and mixture of the mixture are such that a combustion explosion occurs before the top dead center of the piston. Means a range that is not recognized as abnormal vibration by the engine. The partial region mixture is a state in which the mixture is not diffused throughout the mixture passage or the cylinder volume, and is distributed as a shade in the traveling direction of the mixture passage and a case where the traveling direction is continuously distributed as a shade with respect to the traveling cut surface. , A combination of them is given. The diesel engine described in the present application indicates a direct injection engine. Diffusion combustion refers to the combustion type of a conventional diesel engine, according to what is used academically. Reduced combustion explosion power means that the combustion speed of the mixture in the cylinder is adjusted by slightly increasing the size of the fine oil droplets of the fuel spray in the mixture, and the combustion time is extended to reduce the explosive power. Point out. Preliminary compression ignition refers to ignition in so-called pilot fuel injection. The hydrated fuel and the emulsion fuel have substantially the same meaning, but the hydrated fuel does not necessarily have to have the fuel emulsified. The low water content and the high water content in the present application are defined as high water content when the water content of the emulsion fuel exceeds 50% by mass, and low water content when the water content is less than 50%. The water and the hot water were set to the same temperature as the water based on the temperature of the fuel supplied to the engine, and the sufficiently high temperature (a drastic change in density caused by mixing) was used as the hot water. The air pollutant refers to fine particulate matter, NOx, SOx, and the like as generally recognized.

[0033]

As described above, the present invention is configured as described above, and has the following effects.

An auxiliary fuel spray unit is installed on the intake passage of an existing diesel engine, and is linked with the engine speed.
By generating a uniform lean mixture (lean spray) and supplying it to each cylinder, it is possible to very easily construct a combined system of a premixed compression combustion system (pilot spray combustion system) and diffusion combustion, and purify exhaust gas. Effective for energy saving.

Further, by changing the spraying mode of the auxiliary fuel spraying section to generate a partial area mixture or a stratified mixture having a slightly larger fuel fine oil droplet diameter, the existing old type diesel engine can be replaced with the latest model. It is possible to convert it to a clean exhaust gas engine equivalent to the pilot fuel injection type.

With respect to the latest type of common-rail diesel engine, a heating means for the internal fuel is installed in the common rail, and carbon dioxide, various kinds of compressed liquefied gas, water and the like as a combustion promoting material are placed in the common rail in a normal state or an ultra-high state. By installing a device and system for pressurizing and supplying under critical conditions, the fuel injection characteristics were significantly improved. Further, in a common rail diesel engine, a fuel branch pipe is connected from one fuel common rail to two fuel injection nozzles arranged in each cylinder, and water or hot water is supplied to one of the branch pipes. The pressure injection system has been improved to a high-performance system that allows the water content to be freely and immediately changed and adjusted. Combination of pilot injection, multi-stage injection, etc. lowers the combustion temperature and allows complete combustion. Therefore, a system that satisfies both high thermal efficiency and low emission at the same time can be constructed.

As an improvement of the intake system and the fuel injection system of the existing engine, an appropriate structure is provided in the intake passage for an old-type diesel engine and a gasoline engine that generate less swirl in the cylinder in the intake compression process. Alternatively, a strong swirl is generated in the circumferential direction of the intake flow path by using a power type suction / exhaust device, and introduced into a cylinder so as not to attenuate the swirl so that the swirl is maintained in the cylinder. By changing the form of the injection hole type injection nozzle, the fuel sprayed from the injection hole of the injection nozzle immediately collides with each other immediately, using a jet impingement type nozzle, the latest type of engine even in older engines Combustion efficiency and purification of exhaust gas that are not inferior are expected.

Regarding the exhaust gas after-treatment, an exhaust gas purifying system including an ascites turbine or an ascites pump is installed at the latter stage of the exhaust passage of the engine for an engine using a high moisture content emulsion fuel. Is not limited to highly efficient removal of fine particulate matter from
It becomes possible to remove harmful components such as Ox and SOx.

By applying a thermal spraying process such as titanium dioxide to the material of the inner surface of the cylinder of the engine, the radiation absorption characteristics of the surface are remarkably improved, and unnecessary energy in combustion is absorbed. By continuously providing effective radiant energy to the combustion gas from the surface of the pseudo black body, the combustibility and the reactivity on the downstream exhaust gas passage can be greatly improved.

[0040]

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a diesel engine with an auxiliary fuel spray mixing section. (Pilot fuel spray combustion)

FIG. 2 is a supply image diagram of a uniform stirring fuel spray.

FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram of a diesel engine with an auxiliary fuel spray mixing section. (Pilot fuel spray)

FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram of a diesel engine with a multi-auxiliary fuel spray unit.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a supply of a partial region air-fuel mixture by a single pilot fuel spray device.

FIG. 6 is an illustration of a supply of a stratified mixture by a single pilot fuel spray device.

FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram of supply of a partial region air-fuel mixture into a cylinder by a multi-pilot fuel spray device.

FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram of supply of a stratified mixture into a cylinder by a multi-pilot fuel spray device.

FIG. 9 is a conceptual diagram of a diesel engine having two fuel systems, a main fuel injection nozzle and an auxiliary fuel injection nozzle, in each cylinder.

FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram of an engine provided with a high-pressure pump for injecting and mixing a combustion promoting material into a common rail.

FIG. 11 is a conceptual diagram of a pressure-accumulation type fuel injection system and a diesel engine using a water-containing fuel.

FIG. 12 is a conceptual diagram of a pressure-accumulation type fuel injection system and a diesel engine using a hydrous fuel.

FIG. 13 is a conceptual diagram of a system of a common rail diesel engine having two fuel injection nozzles.

FIG. 14 is a conceptual diagram of an engine in which a structure for generating a swirl in a vertical direction in a flow passage is installed in an intake flow passage of the engine.

FIG. 15 is a conceptual diagram of an intake swirl in an engine having two intake ports.

FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of the occurrence of multiple swirls generated in a cylinder assumed to be the rotational direction of the swirl of each intake port.

FIG. 17 is a conceptual diagram of a jet collision type fuel injection nozzle.

FIG. 18 is a conceptual diagram of an exhaust gas purification system including an ascites device.

FIG. 19 is a conceptual diagram of an exhaust gas purification system using a combination of an ascites turbine and an ascites mixer.

FIG. 20 is a conceptual diagram of a diesel engine whose inner surface is processed with a high heat radiation absorbing material.

FIG. 21 is a conceptual diagram of a gasoline engine whose inner surface is processed with a high heat radiation absorbing material.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 air filter 2 intake channel 2a
Uniform stirring / mixing unit 3 Intake air flow rate (flow velocity) sensor 4 Auxiliary fuel spray nozzle 4a Auxiliary fuel spray nozzle (for pilot spray) 4c Auxiliary fuel injection nozzle (for common rail) 5 Auxiliary fuel injection control device 6 Fuel tank (fuel system) 7 Intake valve 8 Exhaust valve 9 Cylinder 10 Piston 11 Connecting rod 12 Main fuel injection nozzle 13 Controller 14 Intake valve operation sensor 15 Common rail for main fuel (accumulator main fuel line) 16 Common rail for auxiliary fuel (accumulator auxiliary fuel line) 17 Main Fuel supply system (pump & device) 18 Auxiliary fuel supply system (pump & device) 19 Central control unit (ECU) 20 Common rail (accumulator type fuel supply system) 21 Common rail for high pressure water (high pressure hot water) 22 High pressure water & hot water Capillary tube 23 High pressure solenoid valve 24 High pressure injection pump (combustion promotion 25) High-pressure water pump 26 Water or hot water tank 27 Partial air / fuel mixture 28 Layered air / fuel mixture 29 Exhaust flow path 31 Fine water droplet injection nozzle 40 Non-sliding surface (non-sliding portion) 41 High heat radiation absorbing surface ( (Pseudo black body surface) 42 Spark plug 43 Injection nozzle for direct injection gasoline engine 44 High pressure gasoline supply rail 45 Exhaust gas (combustion gas) 46 Exhaust gas cooling heat exchange unit 47 Exhaust gas cooling heat exchange unit water supply pump 48 Fine water droplet injection Pump 49 Exhaust gas steam secondary cooling unit 50 Exhaust gas steam secondary cooling unit water supply pump 51 Drainage suction pump 52 Fine solids removal filter 53 Solid matter electrothermal incinerator 54 Electric exhaust fan 55 Chemical adsorption unit or electric reaction unit 56 Radiator (radiator) 57 Heat pump 59 Ascites turbine (exhaust gas turbine) 60 Radiator ( Temperature side) 61 cooling unit (low temperature side) 62 reverse osmosis membrane filtration apparatus 63 the condensed water tank from the air conditioner air conditioning equipment

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) F01N 3/02 301 F01N 3/02 301Z 3G091 3/04 3/04 A 3G301 7/00 7/00 B 4D006 F02B 31/00 331 F02B 31/00 331Z F02D 41/38 F02D 41/38 B F02F 1/00 F02F 1/00 R F02M 25/00 F02M 25/00 H K R 29/00 29/00 G 31/125 35 / 10 101F 35/10 101 37/00 P 35/104 341D 37/00 341H 341 43/00 45/08 D 43/00 53/02 45/08 55/02 350G 53/02 61/18 320A 55/02 350 69/00 310T 61/18 320 31/12 321D 69/00 310 35/10 102R F term (reference) 3G004 AA01 BA06 DA21 DA23 EA06 FA02 FA04 FA07 3G023 AA02 AA03 AA05 AA07 AB05 AC02 AC04 AC05 A C06 AC07 AC09 AD05 AD06 AD09 AE06 AF01 AG01 3G024 AA11 AA22 AA31 DA02 DA08 GA19 3G066 AA07 AB02 AB06 AB08 AC09 BA17 BA24 BA26 CC26 CC29 CD22 3G090 AA01 EA01 EA04 3G091 AA02 AA18 AA28 AB13 HA15 BA01 HA03 HA03 JA26 JA27 LB03 LB05 LB11 LB13 MA11 MA23 PA01Z PE01Z 4D006 GA03 GA07 PA01 PB15 PC80

Claims (10)

[Claims] 1. A diesel engine having an auxiliary fuel spray mixing section for performing premix compression ignition (pilot spray combustion) in an intake passage from an air filter of an engine to an intake valve. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein a partial mixture or a stratified mixture is generated and supplied into each cylinder without causing the mixture sprayed from the auxiliary fuel spray mixing section to be uniformly diffused in the flow path. Diesel engine features 3. An engine and system comprising an auxiliary fuel injection nozzle for causing each cylinder of a diesel engine to perform pilot fuel injection combustion separately from a main fuel injection nozzle. 4. An engine having a pressure-accumulation type fuel injection system, wherein an internal fuel heating means is provided in a common rail, and a substance (combustion promoting material) other than the main fuel is pressurized (injected) into the common rail. Engine and system provided with the apparatus and system 5. A fuel supply device according to claim 4, wherein two fuel supply branch pipes extend from one fuel common rail of the pressure accumulating fuel injection device to each cylinder, and are connected to the main fuel injection nozzle and the auxiliary fuel injection nozzle, respectively. A diesel engine and system, wherein a flow path for pressurizing and injecting a combustion promoting material is connected to one fuel supply branch pipe connected to each cylinder. 6. A swirl generating device using a structure or a power means for generating a swirl (overflow) in a right-handed screw direction or a left-handed screw direction perpendicular to the direction of the intake passage on the intake passage of the engine. Engine and system characterized by 7. A diesel engine, comprising: a multi-hole fuel injection nozzle for use in a diesel engine, wherein a jet impingement nozzle is provided, in which fuel injected from each of the nozzle holes collide with each other immediately thereafter. 8. An exhaust gas purifying apparatus for a diesel engine, wherein a hydrous fuel is used as a fuel, and an ascites turbine or an ascites pump for cooling and condensing water vapor in the exhaust gas in an exhaust passage (exhaust pipe) behind the exhaust valve. Install a steam separator,
Alternatively, a porous membrane filter or reverse osmosis membrane filtration device for removing air pollutants contained in water that has been cooled, condensed and separated in the subsequent stage is provided, or the purified ascites fluid is used again as water for hydrous fuel. Exhaust gas purification and ascites recycling system for diesel engines 9. The system according to claim 8, wherein condensed water generated from an air conditioner such as an air conditioner in use in a vehicle or the like is also reused as water for wet fuel. 10. The heat radiation absorptivity of at least the non-sliding surface of the inner surface of the cylinder in contact with the combustion gas of the engine or the surface of the exhaust passage behind the exhaust valve in the far-infrared wavelength region exceeds 0.7. Characterized in that the engine is made of a material or processed having a heat radiation absorption characteristic close to a black body.